ENERGY IN ICELAND - Orkustofnun

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CONTENTSForeword by the Minister of Industry and Commerce 51. Introduction 82. Historical overview of energy affairs 10The beginning of energy use 10Electricity production and the first power stations 11Geothermal utilization 12Fuel production and use 13Recent developments in production 133. Energy resources 14Energy reserves 14Hydropower 15Geothermal power 15Fossil resources 174. Energy use 18Primary energy use in international context 18Geothermal energy use 19Space heating 19Snow melting 20Electricity production 21Industry 22Fish farming 23Greenhouses 23Swimming pools 23Electricity 24Power intensive industry 25Fuels 27Traditional fuels 27Alternative fuels 28Energy prices 29Electricity prices 29Prices for space heating 29Fuel prices 295. Regulatory structure 30Legislation on electrical energy 30Fossil fuels in Icelandic territory 31Framework Programme for Utilizationof Hydro and Geothermal Energy Resources 31
6. Energy efficiency 33General usage 33Energy agency 34Heat pumps 34Pilot project in fish farming 357. Looking to the future 36Policy objectives 36Deep drilling 37A forum on alternative fuels 38Further reading 39References 39Websites 39List of FiguresFigure 1. Space heating by source 1970-2005. 13Figure 2. Hydropower derived from precipitation in Iceland. 15Figure 3. Installed capacity of the main hydropower plants. 16Figure 4. High and low temperature geothermal areas. 16Figure 5. Terrestrial energy current through the crust of Iceland. 17Figure 6. Installed capacity of Iceland’s primary geothermal power plants. 17Figure 7. Primary energy consumption in Iceland, 1940–2005. 19Figure 8. World primary energy supply compared to IcelandicFigure 9.primary energy supply in 2003. 19Primary energy use in Iceland compared to that in therest of the world, calculated in ktoe, 2003. 21Figure 10. Utilization of geothermal energy in Iceland, 2005. 21Figure 11. Installed capacity of geothermal power plants 1969-2006. 23Figure 12. Total installed capacity of hydro and geothermal power plantsin Iceland. 23Figure 13. Electricity consumption in 2005. 23Figure 14. Consumption of petroleum in Iceland, both domesticand transportation to and from the country, 1982–2004. 25Figure 15. Relative share of CO 2equivalent emissions in Iceland, 2003. 25Figure 16. Comparison of electricity prices for households(3,500 kWh/year) in Iceland and Western Europe, January 2006. 27Figure 17. Price per kWh for district heating in January 2006. 27Figure 18. Prices of gasoline at end of 2005. Unleaded premium(95 RON) for Europe; regular unleaded for Canada, Japanand the United States. 29Figure 19. Composition of gasoline price at the end of year 2005. 29Figure 20. Map of Iceland. 40List of TablesTable 1. Consumption of primary energy in Iceland, 2005. 19Table 2. Imported fuel in 2005. 25
Page 1 and 2: ENERGY IN ICELANDHistorical Perspec
Page 3: ENERGY IN ICELANDHistorical Perspec
Page 8 and 9: 1 IntroductionDuring the past centu
Page 10 and 11: 2 Historical OVERVIEWof Energy Affa
Page 12 and 13: Oddur SigurðssonA hydropower stati
Page 14 and 15: 3 ENERGYRESOURCESEnergy reservesOdd
Page 16 and 17: Figure 3. Installed capacity of the
Page 18 and 19: 4 ENERGY usePrimary energy use inin
Page 20 and 21: Oddur SigurðssonHeated parking spa
Page 22 and 23: Helga BarðadóttirThe silica rich
Page 24 and 25: Oddur SigurðssonDuring the Christm
Page 26 and 27: In 1970, the first year that the IS
Page 28 and 29: Iceland New Energyof these gases, s
Page 30 and 31: 5 RegulatorystructureLegislation on
Page 32 and 33: Oddur SigurðssonThe Ferrosilicon p
Page 34 and 35: Energy agencyA step towards bringin
Page 36 and 37: 7 Lookingto the futurePolicy object
Page 38 and 39: which will take at least a decade t
Page 40: Figure 20. Map of Iceland.40

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