Solar Thermal driven Water Desalination for Remote Areas i using

Water ManagementSolar Thermal drivenWater Desalination forRemote AreasWater ManagementusingMulti-Effect-HumidificationDr. Hendrik Müller-Holst,TiNOX GmbH, München, GermanyWatermanagement Sectionestec 2007,3rd European Solar Thermal Energy Conference19-20 June 2007, Freiburg, Germany

Water ManagementWhy small scale desalinationWater Management• Independency• No infrustructure or grid needed• Reduction of distribution losses• Easy to adapt to the demand• Quality of product water

Water ManagementClassification ofDesalination MethodsWater Managementfreezingthermalelectrical/mechanicalsmall medium largeWindlow40 – 70°Cmedium60 – 85°Chigh80 – 110 °CPVReverse MechanicalSolar Still MEH / HDH MDMED / MSFOsmosis VaporCompression

Water ManagementCapacities and EfficienciesWater ManagementEfficiencciesMEHPV – Rev. OsmosisMembrane Dist.MED, MSFSolar Still©Capacities

Water ManagementThe MEH-Process…… rebuilts the natural water cycleWater Management

Water ManagementMost simple case: Solar stillWater Management• Direct Evaporation in sunlight• Condensation on cover without energyrecovery• Production: 3 to 6 l/m 2 ²day

Water ManagementSolar Thermal Desalinationapplying the MEH methodWater Management• Water Desalination by evaporationand consecutive condensation in aseparate casing• Energy recovery by sophisticated arrangement ofcondensation – evaporation unit• Requested energy is mainlyheat at 80°C (175 °F) - not electricity

Water ManagementEvaporation and CondensationHeat Source ( 75...85°C)Water ManagementHot SeaWaterEvaporatorCondenserPreheatedSea WaterCold SeaWaterBrine DisposalDistillate

Water ManagementSeparation of solar heat collection andevaporative desalinationWater ManagementSolar Thermal CollectorMEH DesalinationUnitProductRaw WaterReservoir

Water ManagementComparison with (direct) solar still evaporationdesalinationWater Management• Enlarged mass transfer areareferring to solar absorbing areaFactor 1...2 => Factor 4…5• Enhanced „professionalism“ ofsolar absorbing area and mass transfer areas• Reduced energy demand by heat recovery600 kWh/m 3 ³ => 120 kWh/m 3=> Enlarged overall specific water production6 l/m 2 ²d => 25 l/m 2 d

Water ManagementCost reduction bymodular concept and series productionWater Management• Use of standard CSC-Container asunit casing and transportation shell• High quality componentsimplementation for long life time• Modular set up enables unit sizes of1‘000, 5‘000 and 10‘000 litres³daily water productionusing modular components

Water ManagementModular setup withcomponents that can be sum upWater Management

Water ManagementIn-house production facilitiesfor core componentsWater Management• Extrusion of specially designedaluminium profiles for easy andquick on site assembly• In house high tech welding facilitiesfor innovative plastic condensers

Water ManagementImplementation in Different Systems -Alternatives of Heat SupplyWater ManagementSupply of heat at 85°C:• Diesel or gas motor waste heat• Gas or diesel burner• Solar Thermal CollectorsDesalinationUnit85°CHeat Supply

Water ManagementTypical customers of MEH-Desalination systemsWater Management• Remote Hotels• Eco-Tourism• Weekend Houses• Military Stations• Small Communities• Remote Farms

Water ManagementDemonstration Systems• Saudi Arabia: Solar Farm JeddahWater Management• Autonomous energy supply• Irrigation and drinkingwater supply• Capacity: 5000 Liters per day

Water ManagementDemonstration Systems• Saudi Arabia Solar Farm JeddahWater Management

Water ManagementDemonstration Systems• Saudi Arabia Office BuildingCompany Sami Rock, JeddahWater Management

Water ManagementModular System for adaptationon individual demandWater ManagementCapacities and required collector area(24 hours operation, Canary Islands)• MiniSal 1000 litre/day (38 m 2 )• MidiSal 5000 litre/day (150 m 2 )• MaxiSal 10000 litre/day y( (300 m 2 )• MegaSal 50000 litre/day (1500 m 2 )

Water ManagementOutlook - TasksWater Management• Further reduction of production costs• Building integration –“smart homes”• CPW Combined Power and Water• Development of dense markets -market cluster (2007)• Industrial mass production (2008)

Water ManagementWater Management

Water ManagementOperation CostsWater ManagementTotal Operation Costs per m³ Produced Distillate1,80 1,65MiniSal 1000MidiSal 5000MegaSal 100001,601,411,401,401,201,08€/m³1,000,800,840,940,920,600,70,80Desalination System0,40MiniSal iS 10000,20MidiSal 50000,00MegaSal 10000Complete SolarSolarThermalOperation MethodWaste Heat

Water ManagementInvestment costsWater ManagementInvestment Costs per m³ Produced DistillateMiniSal 10008 MidiSal 50007,39MegaSal 1000075,5765,154,09€/m³42,914,433,8332178 1,78MiniSal 100011,46MidiSal 5000Desalination System0MegaSal 10000Complete SolarSolarThermalOperation MethodWaste Heat