Basics of Biosafety in Biotech Labs

Basics of Biosafety inBiotech LabsM. R. Bassami DVM, PhDFacultry of Vet. Medicine ANDIstitute of Biotechnology (IOB)Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

اتفبق یه ثبر رخ ‏ًوی زّس.‏اتفبق هی تَاًس هىزرا رخ زّس.‏هوىي است اتفبق اٍل ذتن ثِ‏ ذیز ضَز.‏•••هوىي است اتفبقضَز.‏ ثِ‏ ذیز زٍم ذتن•هوىي است اتفبقضَز.‏ ذتن ثِ‏ ذیز سَم•هوىي است اتفبقضَز.‏ ذتن ثِ‏ ذیز چْبرم•هوىياست اتفبقضَز.‏ ذتن ثِ‏ ذیز پٌجن•• اتفبق ضطن چطَر؟

اتفبق یه لحظِ،‏ ػَالت‏ّز لحظِ‏ اتفبق

Overview• Risk assessments• Risk Groups (RGs)• Biosafety levels (BSL-1 through BSL-4)• Personal protective equipment (PPE)• Containment equipment• Aerosol-generating activities• Hazard communication• Emergency response & Spill response• Disinfection/disposal• Specialized biosafety topic

Risk Assessment• Identify hazard (materials and procedures)• What might happen?• How likely is it to happen?• How serious are the consequences?• Identify possible exposures (who and how).• Consider interactions of materials, procedures,facilities, and personnel.• Use procedures that reduce the risk.• Consider worst case scenarios.• Try to understand the risk.

Tools for Risk Assessment• Guidance documents• Risk group definitions• Risk group lists

References - Risk AssessmentBiosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories(BMBL) 5 th EdNIH Guidelines for Research Involving rDNANIHGuidelinesforResearchInvolvingrDNATwo Fudamental Documents for Biosafety in Biotechnology Laboratory

Additional References

More References• Biohazard Recognition and Control (BRCManual)• Biological Material Safety Data Sheets, HealthCanada• The Bad Bug Book, FDA• Emerging Infectious Diseases, CDC• Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, CDCAll References are available in the internet.

Risk groups• “Risk groups” are a system for categorizing thehazard posed by a microbe, which correspondto recommended precautions andcontainment (biosafety levels) to protectagainst those hazards.

Risk Group 1• RG1 (a larg number to be listed):– Agents associated with disease in healthy adult humans• Examples in Biotech-related labs:– E. coli (nonpathogenic laboratory strains)– Saccharomyces cerevisiae– Agrobacterium tumefaciens (plant bacterium)– Baculovirus (insect virus)– Duck hepatitis B virus (avian virus)• Increased Precautions: RG1 modified to alter the host rangeor express oncogenes used for transfection.• Such foreign genes may be delivered into your cell s andgenome

Risk Group 2• RG2:– Agents associated with human disease– rarely serious– preventive or therapeutic interventions available• Examples:– E. coli (pathogenic strains)– Adenovirus (used as rep-deficient viral vector)– Moloney murine retrovirus, amphotropic– Herpes simplex virus (used as rep-deficient viral vector)– Chicken pox“Ecotropic Pathogens”“Amphotropic Pathogens”

cont.• “Ecotropic” viruses infect only specific host species.• “Amphotropic” viruses can infect multiple speciesincluding humans.• Modifying the envelope protein: extend host rangeof some viral vectors• Ecotropic murine retrovirus is RG1 while anamphotropic murine retrovirus is RG2.

cont.Rep-deficient viruses recombination Rep-competent virusesdeliver genesReplication-deficient retroviruses Integrate Genome

Risk Group 3RG3:– serious or lethal human disease– prevention or therapeutics may be available– high individual risk, low community riskExamples:– Francisella tularensis– HIV– Histoplasma capsulatum– Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Risk Group 4• RG4:– cause serious or lethal disease– No prevention or therapeutics– high individual risk, high community risk• Examples:– Ebola virus– Herpes B virus– Lassa fever virus

Pathogen Characteristics• Route of transmission (determine BSL, PPE,…)• Infectious dose• Host Range• Vector• Stability in environment• Virulence• Toxicity• Concentration- Volume• Local vs Systemic

Transmission Routes• Aerosol, inhalation• Fecal - oral• Vector e.g., mosquito• Cuts, scratches, bites• Percutaneous (needle)• Mucosal contact (splash)

Infectious Dose (ID50)• M. tuberculosis• Salmonella typhi• Listeria• Cryptosporidium• Rotavirus• Vibrio cholera10 cells100,000 cells< 1,000 cells< 10 cells10-100 i.u.1,000,000 cellsLethal Dose (LD50)• Botulinum neurotoxin few ng

Host Susceptibility• Age• Immune competence• Medication• Nutritional status• Pregnancy• Metabolic disorders• Malignancy• Vaccination status

Precautions• Practices plus Physical Containment– BSL1- RG1– BSL2 - RG2/BBP (bloodborn pathogen)/PIM (potenriallyinfectious materials)– BSL3 - RG3– BSL4 - RG4• Risk group: starting point to choose suitable biosafetylevel• Based on nature of the experiment: Precautionsor

Precautions• Primary human cells (BSL2: BBP)• Established human and monkey cells (BSL2:PIM)• Foreign plant pathogens (BSL2 or BSL3)• Herpes B virus (RG4)– cultures of Herpes B (BSL4)– not intentionally infected Specimen (BSL2)

Biosafety Level 1Good Microbiological Practices• No eating, drinking, applying makeup, etc.• No mouth pipetting• Safety glasses worn• Lab coat, sometimes gloves worn – leave in lab• Wash your hands – contact time critical• Safe handling of sharps• Hazard communication - especially forimmunocompromised personnel

Biosafety Level 1Facility Requirements• Ventilation: Negative air pressure, laboratorydoor closed• Limited Access to laboratory• Decontaminate cultures and waste• Sink in each lab• accessible Eyewash• Surfaces impervious, cleanable

How Does Biosafety Level 2(BSL-2) Differ From BSL-1?• Standards more stringent (facilities eg BSC and procedure)• Hazard Communication:– Training (Pathogen specific)– Biohazard signage on doors• Entry restrictions: for some pathogens and susceptible populationat risk• Containment: Aerosol-generating activities• Enhanced PPE: gloves, lab coats, safety glasses; sometimesrespirators• Enhanced sharps: precautions or no use• Decontamination: for specific pathogen (organized disposal)• Exposure response plan and Spill protocol for the hazard

When Is BSL-2 Appropriate?• Most RG2 agents in BSL2– some in BSL1 (attenutated of mitigating factors)– BSL3 (manipul virulence or toxin genes or oncogenes)• Viral Vectors, including replication-deficient, ifinfects humans• Primary Human (some monkey) cells/tissues (BBP)• Established Human (some monkey) cells (PIM)• Animals receiving the above materials

Personal Protective Equipment• Lab coat/smock(PPE)• Eye protection (Safety goggles and full-faceprotection)• Coverall, booties, hair cover (in animal exp.)• Gloves (type), double gloves, freq. change• (some cases)• Respiratory (in some cases, if aerosolgeneratingactivities not done in containment)

Know how to remove your gloves!Latex gloves (Allergies: glove liners )

Wash your hands!!!Hand Hygiene ():• easiest• most effective• prevent lab-acquired infectionsWash hands: take only 20-30 seconds

Respiratory ProtectionTypes of Respirators: different filtering abilities• Surgical or dust mask - large particle• Chemical mask - vapor, acid• HEPA filtered facepiece* - microbes(N95 mask, N100 mask, PAPR*)Fit test: facial hair, glasses, head size and shape affectrespirator fitMedical evaluation to wear respirator*High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration*PAPR - powered air purifying respirator

سناریو های فرضی• در موارد فرضی ذیل تصمیم شما چیست؟• آیا موردی برای نگرانی شما وجود دارد؟• در این موارد چکار می کنید؟

سٌبریَ‏ یه ‏:تَصیِ‏ ضوب چیست؟آلبی سیستؼلی ایوي گزیش زر آسهبثطگبُ‏ هَلىَالر ثیَلَصی زرگیز وبر پبیبى ‏ًبهِ‏ ذَزهی ثبضس.‏ ایطبى یه ویت ‏ٍوتَر ‏ٍیزٍسی سفبرش هی زّس ‏)الجتِ‏ ثب گزفتبریاست.‏ ثِ‏فزاٍاى(.‏ ‏ٍوتَر ‏ٍیزٍسی فبلس لسرت تىثیز‏ّویي زلیل ایطبى سطح ایوٌی BSL1 را اًتربة وززُ‏ ٍ ػولیبت آسهبیطگبّیرا زًجبل هی ‏ًوبیس.‏پبیِ‏آیب تصوین ایطبى جبیشُ‏ ‏ًَثل را ثزای ایطبى ثِ‏ ‏ّوزاُ‏ ذَاّس زاضت؟ثزای استبز راٌّوبی ایطبى چطَر؟تَصیِ‏ ضوب چجست؟ ثزای تَصیِ‏ ای ذساپسٌساًِ‏ ‏)وِ‏ حسالل ثِ‏ فبرؽ التحصیلیایطبى زر سبل 1404 هٌجز ضَز(‏ چِ‏ اطالػبتی را اس آلبی ایوي گزیش سئَال هی‏ًوبییس؟(replication-deficient)(basic safety practices)••••

سئَاالتی وِ‏ ثبیس ثپزسیس:‏• Ecotropic of amphotropic?• Infect human?• Replication-deficient or replication-componentvirus (RCV)?• Foreign gene to be cloned?• Integration into the genome?• pathogenicity of replication-deficient vector (eyedamage by adenoviruses)?• Approval needed?

سٌبری‎2َ‎‏:تَصیِ‏ ضوب چیست؟ذبًن سالهت پزّیش زر راستبی اًجبم پبیبى ‏ًبهِ‏ ذَز پزٍتىل جسیسی راهطبلؼِ‏ هی وٌس ٍ ذَضحبل اس ایٌىِ‏ ‏ّوِ‏ هَاز ٍ هؼزف ‏ّبی السم زرآسهبیطگبُ‏ ‏ٍجَز زارز.‏ تصوین هی گیزز ثسٍى اطالع هبله ثالهٌبرع ‏ٍوتَر‏ٍثزٍسی ٍ تزویت ضیویبیی سیىلَفسفبهیس آسهبیص را اًجبم زّس.‏تٌجلؼلی اس ‏ّوىالسی ‏ّبی آسهبیطگبّی ‏ّبی اس راُ‏ هی رسس ٍ فزیبزیاس تِ‏ زل،‏ ووی اس تِ‏ زل(‏ هی وطس وِ‏ زاری چىبر هی وٌی؟فىز هی وٌیس فزیبز-فزهبیص ایطبى چِ‏ ثَز؟ًِ(ذَة ‏ًظز ضوب چیست؟ هَاظت ثبضیس ذبًن سالهت پزّیش ثزای زفبع 5سبل ثیطتز فزصت ‏ًسارًس.‏ ضوٌٌب ضَّز ‏ّن ‏ًفزهَزُ‏ اًس.‏••••

سئَاالتی وِ‏ ثبیس ثپزسیس:‏• Take time to plan the experiment out• Any experience?• Similar procedures done in the lab before?• Safety materials and procedures in place• Hazard communication in place?• Disposal procedures in place?• Exposure response plan and spill protocolavailable in lab?• Lab-specific training on hazardous materials ?

سٌبریَ‏ 3 ‏:اضىبل زر چیست؟صفزللی سالهت ستیش ثز اسبس ایٌىِ‏ زٍس ػفًَی سبلوًَال تیفی100.000 هَریَمآسهبیطگبُ(‏ ایوٌی سطح1ثبوٌزی هی ثبضس،‏ وبرش را زر آسبیطگبُ‏ ‏)هی ثرطیسزاًطىسُ‏ زاهپشضىی ضزٍع هی ‏ًوبیس.‏الجتِ‏ ایي ثبر ثب استبز راٌّوبیص زوتز ثبسبهی لجال هطَرت ‏ّبیالسم را هی وٌس ٍ وبهال ارضبز هی ضًَس ‏)ّسف جبیشُ‏ ‏ًَثل هطتزن(‏•‏ًظز ضوب چیست؟ هٌظَرم ‏ّسفِ‏ ست.‏وَچیه وِ‏ ‏ًیس؟(‏•

پبسد• ID50 is only one factor in determining:– risk group– biosafety level• Concentrated cultures• High volume• Aerosol-generating procedures with cultures• All of these factors elevate the hazard level and need to be part ofthe risk assessment.• Salmonella typhimurium:– RG2 organism– Need BSL-2

سٌبریَ‏ 4: اضىبل زر چیست؟ذبًن ثال پززاس تحت زرهلي ثب زارٍیی است وِ‏ سیستن زفبػی ثسى را تبحسی تضؼیف هی وٌس.‏ ثسٍى ایٌىِ‏ آگبّی السم را زر ایي ذصَظ زاضتِ‏ثبضس.‏ استبز راٌّوبی ایطبى ‏ّن زوتز ثبسبهی است.‏ وسبلتص را ثِ‏ ایطبىاػالم هی وٌس.‏ جٌبة زوتز اثتسا زلطبى ثِ‏ رحن هی آیس زلی ثِ‏ ‏ًبگبُ‏ ‏ّسفجبیشُ‏ ‏ًَثل هطتزن ثِ‏ یبز هجبروطبى ذطَر هی وٌس ٍ هربلفت ذَز را ثب ثِ‏تؼَیك اًساذتي وبر اػالم هی فزهبیٌس.‏‏ًظز ضوب چیست؟ هٌطَرم ایي است وِ‏ ذبًن ‏ّب چزا ثِ‏ زالیل ‏ٍاّی اس سیزوبر زر هی رًٍس.‏••

پبسد• Risk of immunocompromisation• Supervisor assign her to other dutiesSupervisors sometimes

سٌبریَ‏ ‎5‎‏-تَصیِ‏ضوب چیست؟ثز اسبس MSDS تَصیِ‏ ضسُ‏ ثزای ارگبًیسوی وِ‏ ثب آىوبر هی وٌیس اس ػیٌه ایوٌی استفبزُ‏ ضَز.‏ چَى ػیٌه ایوٌی‏ًساریس هججَریس اس ػیٌهReybanذَز استفبزُ‏ وٌیس.‏ هیشاىایثبر ذَزتبى را گش فزهبییس ‏)راٌّوبیی:‏ اس ذَز گذضتگی ثبثتاحتوبل آسیت ثِ‏ ػیٌهReybanهٌظَر ‏ًظز است(‏•

پبسد• Eye injury: serious consequences.• Strict use of safety glasses

Containment Equipment“The Hood”Different types of protection by:– Fume Hood– Clean Air Bench/Device*– Biological Safety Cabinet** Also called Laminar Flow Hoods.

Fume Hood• Fume Hood - Protects you from chemical vapors.• Work surface is not clean.

Clean Air Bench/DeviceClean Air Bench/Device (CAD):Only Protects work surfaceCADs are often misused.They are NOT containment devices!Don’t work with anything hazardous in a CAD.

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)Biosafety Cabinet (BSC) - Protects you, your material, andenvironment from agents; No trap for chemical vapors.

Proper Use of a BSC• Turn it on and Check the gauge.• Maintain constant air curtain.• Minimize traffic and nearby movements (in/out)• Clean -----> Dirty work pattern.• No flame (bunsen burners)• Avoid air blockage (keep grille clear)• Disinfect surfaces and containers before removal• Maintain annual performance• Avoid overuse of UV• Approach from the front (not from the sides)

A-used-to-be-a-BSC• Bunsen burners wereused in BSC andaccident happened

Activities that Generate Aerosols• Vortexing• Pipetting, pouring• Sonication• Electroporation• Popping tube caps• Homogenization• Loading, injecting syringes• Infecting Animals• Flame sterilizing tools• Flow cytometry• Centrifugation• Bedding change of infected animals

Centrifugation Precautions• Training is a must• Follow manufacturer’s instruction• Load and unload rotors in a BSC• Disinfect surface of containers• Use rotors with sealed, gasketed lids• Use perfect containers (with o-ring seals)• No overfill containers• Look for Balance• Clean with disinfectant (non-corrosive)• Use log book• Routine maintenance (monitor equipment for corrosion)• Watch out and Be prepared to handle any leakage

Centrifuge Containment Devices

Hazard Communication• Purpose: Inform all potentially affected peoples –lab workers, caretakers, animal care workers, etc.• Training• Door signs• Equipment hazard labels• Make specific sign: biological, chemical, radiation

Biohazard SymbolCommunicates potential exposureUse sparingly, clearly• Cultures of pathogens• Human blood and tissues• Equipments (centrifuge, water bath, etc.)• Storage areas (freezer, incubator, etc.)• Cages of infected animals• Door to laboratory• Transport containers

Biological Exposure Response1. Performimmediatefirst aid.2. Informsupervisor3. Determineif furthermedicaltreatment isappropriate.• Inform safety office• See Lab Safety Manual for specific information

Exposure Response -Bloodborne Pathogens* If the injury occurs when university is closed, report to the emergency office

Spill Protocol• Plan ahead• Be prepared for the case• Report the specific hazard and situation• Generic spill protocol Example: Aerosol transmittedpathogen1. Evacuate lab2. Put “DO NOT ENTER” sign3. Let it settle (30 min)4. Re-enter with PPE5. Disinfect Report toSupervisor

Disposal of PotentiallyHazardous WasteLandfill - Regular Trash• Disinfected biologicals (deface biohazard symbol)• Packaged broken glass, pipette tipsSanitary Sewer – Disinfected liquids Special• Medical sharps: ground, disinfected(Includes all razor blades no matter what the use).• Animal carcasses: picked up by special worker• Recombinant organisms and infectious agents must berendered nonviable.• No medical sharps in the landfill.

DisinfectionThe total destruction of Target organism– Autoclave– Bleach– Detergents– Alcohol (70%)– Other chemical/physical meansEfficacy Testing is Recommended

Autoclave Procedures• Factors that affect efficacy:– Density of load– Ability of steam to penetrate• Precautions:– Use caution to prevent burns– Use heat resistant containers, trays for spills– No solvents, corrosives, radioactive material• Follow manufacturer’s recommendations• Test efficacy of typical load periodically with a biological orchemical indicator• Maintain log usage

Factors Influemcing Bleach Efficacy• How much organic matter is there?• How long Exposure to light?• How old is the solution?• What is the concentration?Typical commercial bleach contains:5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)1:10 dilution = 5000 ppm1:100 = 500 ppmDo not autoclave solutions containing bleachBefore you neutralize them with sodium thiosulfate!

UltraViolet LightNot Recommended for Disinfection• Causes: erythema, harms skin and eyes• Poor penetration: Requires direct exposure• Germicidal wavelengths (≤ 280 nm): causechemical reactions (damages rubber, glue)• Germicidal effect reduced above 70% R.H.• Bulb age affect wavelength output• Temperature also affect wavelength output• Dust and dirt on bulb reduce efficacy• Distance from UV source affects efficacyTurn it off after 15 minutes!

Medical Sharps• Medical sharps designed to cut (needles, razorblades, scalpels).• Dispose them immediately• Do not recap needles or leave a sharpunattended.• Only dispose them in designated containers.• Medical sharp injury: greatest risk forBBPinfection during work.

Bloodborne Pathogens• Universal Precautions – handle human blood,body fluids and tissues as if they harbor humanpathogens (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis B virus).• Use BSL-2 practices:– Protect against cuts, needle stick injuries– Use a biosafety cabinet for aerosol control– Hepatitis B vaccine recommended– Wear gloves, lab coat, safety glasses– Decontaminate spills with fresh bleach (1:10)

Mixed Hazards:Chemical & Biological• Door closed: negative air pressure• Limit/Restrict access to lab• Use hazard communication - signs/labels• Minimize aerosol production• Containment: fume hood for chemicals• PPE: gloves, lab coats, safety glasses, respirators insome cases• High degree of caution with sharps, or avoid• Decontaminate surfaces & equipment• Exposure response plan and Spill protocol tailored tohazard

Biological Toxins• Produced by some biological agents• Toxin itself not infectious nor propagating• Affect critical physiological processes• Very low doses cause symptoms• LD50 – dose lethal to 50% of exposed population• Some are environmentally stable• Antidote/ Vaccine may be available• Treat as chemical hazard if biological agent not present• Maintain list of toxins work with in the lab• Post a warning sign when toxin is in use

Animal Biosafety• Intrinsic risks– Bites and scratches– Potentially allergen– Potentially infectious agents (macaques, sheep,reptiles, wild-trapped rodents,….)• Experimental risks– Drugs and hazardous chemicals, metabolites– Infectious agents, particularly in immunodeficientanimals– Medical sharps: syringes, scalpels, etc.– Bedding potentially contaminated

Animal Biosafety Levels• ABSL1• ABSL2• ABSL3• ABSL4

How Does ABSL-2 DifferFrom ABSL-1?• Biohazard signs (doors of animal housing andprocedure rooms, cages)• Specific Training to potential biological hazards done• Access limited to fewest number; possiblyrecommended immunizations or no entry for high riskpersons• Enhanced PPE (gloves in addition to lab coats/smocks& protective eyewear); splash shield or respiratoryprotection in some cases• Aerosol-generating activities done in containmentwhen feasible (e.g., inoculations, cage changes,necropsy); respiratory protection alternative option forlarge animals.

How Does ABSL-2 DifferFrom ABSL-1?• Autoclave Bedding and cages• Animal tissues & carcasses bagged, boxed andfrozen, & disposal is the same• For ABSL-2, mark identity of pathogen ondisposal form & label box with biohazard symbol• Surfaces effectively disinfected• Develop Spill protocols and exposure responseplans for specific hazards present• Use of sharps eliminated when possible –otherwise, needle safety devices used

When Is ABSL-2 Appropriate?• Immunocompromised animals (like Nude Mice)that have been administered human cells.• Animals that have been administered a humanpathogen (including replication-deficient viralvectors).• Animals harboring a zoonotic agent including:– Old World monkeys (Herpes B virus);– wild rodents (Hantavirus);– pregnant sheep, goats, and cattle (Q fever);– reptiles (Salmonella).

Plant Biocontainment• Exotic plants and plant pests• Transgenic plants and plant pests• Approval needed for– plant pest movement– field trials of transgenic plants– release of plant pests– release of biocontrol agents• Goal: protecting environment• Physical containment• Biological containment

Plant Biosafety Levels• BSL1-P• BSL2-P• BSL3-P• BSL4-P

Some More Scenarios

سٌبریَ‏ یهلَلِ‏ وطت ضیطِ‏ ای حبٍی آزًٍَیزٍس (aerosol-transmitted RG2 virus)رٍی پبی ذبًن ایوي گزیشوِ‏ صٌسل پَضیسُ‏ اًس هی ریشز.‏ آى را ثب آة ٍ هبیغ ضَیٌسُ‏پبن هی وٌس ٍ ثِ‏ وبر ذَز ازاهِ‏ هی زّس.‏ ‏ًظز ضوب چیست؟•

پاسخ• Use plastic tube rather than glass tube• Not be wearing sandals• wash off feet and perform first aid if any cuts• Follow a spill protocol:– Evacuation– hazard communication– allowing aerosols to settle,– wearing appropriate PPE for cleanup including arespirator, using an effective disinfectant (e.g., bleachor Virkon S for adenovirus– notifying supervisor or safety officer

سٌبریَ‏ 2• ‏ًظز ضوب چیست؟فزیسٍى ایوي وِ‏ ثچِ‏ ‏ّب ثِ‏ اٍ‏(Emen-Free)استفبزُ‏ اس(‏CAD‏)‏ clean air deviceBSCرا جبیگشیيهی گَیٌس،‏وززُ‏ است.‏ اٍ‏ ایي وبر را ثزای ‏ًگْساری ستزًٍیتیزُ‏ ‏ّبی سلَلی اًسبًی ثىبر هی ثزز.‏ وجبی وبر ‏ًوی لٌگس؟•

پاسخ• CADs: No use for hazardous or potentially Hazardous• Primary human cells are of higher risk thanestablished human cell lines: BBP/PIM• Needs BSL- 2• Human cells: PIM (all known and unknown pathogensthat may be present)• Cell lines can also become contaminated duringpassaging.

سٌبریَ‏ 3ثیىبری ٍآفتبة الجبل پس اس سبل ‏ّب ضَرثرتی ثز فزق سز حسي ثلٌسالجبل تبثیسى هی گیزز ٍ اس طزف ضزوت ذسهبتی آفتبة ثرت سبسًسگی یِ‏ػٌَاى وبرگز سبزُ‏ زر ثِ‏ آسبیطگبُ‏ ثیَتىٌَلَصی زاهطىسُ‏ ‏)ثیطبروسُ(‏ سبلن‏)ثز اسبستحَیل زازُ‏ هی ضَز.‏ثزچست پطت زرة آسهبیطگبُ(‏ هطغَل وبر هی ضَز.‏ وبرش ضستي لَلِ‏‏ّبی حبٍی ذَى اًسبًی است.‏ پیسا وٌیس پزتمبل را زر آسهبیطگبُ.‏ پزتمبلفزٍش ‏ًبهص زر پطت زرة آسهبیطگبُ‏ ذَز ‏ًوبیی هی وٌس.‏ایطبى زرLabِ‎ Dr Bassami’sهیشاى ذَضجرتی حسي آلب را گش فزهبییس؟••

Laboratory Security• Purpose: Protect community, prevent theft.• Question unfamiliar people/activities• Safeguard hazardous materials• Lock lab if unattended• Limit access - Everyone entering the lab hasapproval• Maintain checking the assets of hazardousmaterial

Summary• Risk assessment & Planning• Good Lab Practices• PPE and Good Hygiene• Containment• Hazard Communication• Emergency Preparedness• Disinfection/Disposal

Knowledge Is Power• Get information• Use itWhen it comes to safety: