State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan - Texas Department of Public ...

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HAILSTORMMap 2-15: Hail Occurrences in TexasTexas Hail Map, 15 years of NCDC record, Severe Hail (H3 over ¾ inch)Average Events per county each yearH1 .00 to.02H2 .02 to.03H3 .03 to.04H4 .04 to.05H5 .05 to.06H6 .06 to.08H7 .08 to .15H8 .15 to .43Hail is defined as a precipitation in the form of small balls or lumps usually consisting ofconcentric layers of clear ice and compact snow.Hail is a peril that threatens all but a handful of states in the United States, but it doesn't strike allareas equally. Since 1980, the country has averaged 3,000 hailstorms a year, with four statesaccounting for 42 percent of the total. Texas with 500 per year; Oklahoma with 400; Kansas with225; and Nebraska with 135.Texas officials estimate that up to 40 percent of all homeowners‘ insurance claims in that Stateresult from hail damage. While the Midwest and Great Plains states have the most hailstorms,Colorado has the most storms with large-size hail (diameter greater than 1.5 inches). So eventhough Colorado has fewer storms, the storms that occur cause more damage.- 105 -
The highest homeowner‘s insurance payouts involve hail. Among State Farm's 25 highest claimpayouts in history, eight involved significant damage caused by hail. The company's fifth-largestpayout for a single catastrophic event occurred in 1992—about 68,000 claims totaling nearly$245 million resulting from a hailstorm in Fort Worth, Texas. While a hailstorm usually strikes arelatively limited geographical area, there are parts of Texas where hailstorms average six strikesa year or more.For hailstorms, insurers believe the best way to minimize damage is use of roofing materials thatbetter resist hail damage. Typical flat commercial roofing, both asphalt and polyurethane, resistshail damage very efficiently. Breakthroughs in technology and standardized testing arecontributing new materials expected to more effectively resist residential hail damage.State insurance authorities in Texas are attacking the issue of hail damage by requiring premiumdiscounts for consumers who install impact-resistant roofs. In January 1998, InsuranceCommissioner Elton Bomer ordered homeowners insurance companies in the State to discountpremiums up to 46 percent in some areas for policyholders who replace old roofs with certifiedimpact-resistant roofs. At the time of this revision there are over 400 impact resistant roofingproducts on the list of products qualifying for premium discounts. Heavy duty metal and concretetile are currently the most commonly used roofing materials qualifying for the discounts. Choicesof qualified asphalt/fiberglass shingle roofing products are limited but expected to grow soon.According to National Climatic Data Center data, about 2% of reported hail events consist ofsevere hail, that over ¾ of an inch.Table 2-21: Modified NOAA/TORR Hailstorm Intensity ScaleSizeCodeIntensityCategoryModified NOAA/TORRO Hailstorm Intensity ScaleTypical Hail ApproximateTypical Damage ImpactsDiameter Size(inches)H0 Hard Hail 1/4 Pea No damageH1PotentiallyMarble or Slight damage to plants, crops1/4 – 1/2DamagingMothballH2PotentiallyDamaging1/2 - 3/4Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetationDime or PennyH3SevereSevere damage to fruit and crops, damage toNickel to3/4 - 1 1/4glass and plastic structures, paint and woodQuarterscoredH4SevereWidespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork1 - 1 1/2 Ping Pong BalldamageH5DestructiveWholesale destruction of glass, damage to1 1/4 - 1 3/4 Golf Balltiled roofs, significant risk of injuriesH6 Destructive 1 1/2 - 2 1/4 Tennis ball Aircraft bodywork dented, brick walls pittedH7VerySevere roof damage, risk of serious injuries2 - 3 BaseballdestructiveH8VerySevere damage to aircraft bodywork2 1/2 - 3 1/2 TeacupdestructiveH9SuperHailstorms 3 - 4 GrapefruitExtensive structural damage. Risk of severeor even fatal injuries to persons caught in theopen- 106 -
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determine if the strategies remaine
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RECORD OF CHANGESCHANGE NUMBER DATE
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Estimated Losses to State Facilitie
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SECTION 5 - COMPREHENSIVE STATE HAZ
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INTRODUCTIONEffective mitigation re
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SECTION 1 - PLANNING PROCESSDocumen
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SECTION 2 - RISK ASSESSMENTGeneralT
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Figure 2-1: Interaction of Seasonal
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Figure 2-3: Average Annual Precipit
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2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHYFour principal phys
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million years old) inland sea. Natu
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Sand is also deposited just off sho
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POPULATIONThe population of Texas o
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The most obvious tool a local entit
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Table 2-6: 100-Year Flood AreasZone
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TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANESHurri
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Table 2-10: Saffir-Simpson ScaleCat
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HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Tro
Page 52 and 53: Map 2-2: NOAA Tornado Zones in Texa
Page 54 and 55: The Enhanced Fujita Scale, or EF Sc
Page 56 and 57: DROUGHTDrought is defined as the co
Page 58 and 59: HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Dro
Page 60 and 61: Table 2-14: Wildfire Occurrences in
Page 62 and 63: Map 2-5: UWI-Areas in South TexasMa
Page 64 and 65: COASTAL EROSION IS A HYDROLOGIC HAZ
Page 66 and 67: environmental damage in the process
Page 68 and 69: Map 1.3: Critical Eroding Areas of
Page 70 and 71: Thirty-nine faults with a cumulativ
Page 72 and 73: Tropical Storms - Tropical storms a
Page 74 and 75: ars. Similar to the swash regime, t
Page 76 and 77: Sector Counties GLO $ at RiskSector
Page 78 and 79: DAM AND LEVEE FAILUREA dam failure
Page 80 and 81: FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEHistorically
Page 82 and 83: HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Dam
Page 84 and 85: - 87 -Figure 12BMap indicating prob
Page 86 and 87: Because damaging earthquakes are ra
Page 88 and 89: Figure 12E:Felt area and ModifiedMe
Page 90 and 91: Regional Hazard AssessmentNortheast
Page 92 and 93: Events of these magnitudes seldom p
Page 94 and 95: HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Ear
Page 96 and 97: Texas is a State severely challenge
Page 98 and 99: HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Exp
Page 100 and 101: Table 2-20: Extreme Heat Occurrence
Page 104 and 105: SizeCodeH10IntensityCategoryModifie
Page 106 and 107: LAND SUBSIDENCELand subsidence is d
Page 108 and 109: SEVERE WINTER STORMSevere winter st
Page 110 and 111: Figure 2-4: NOAA Wind Chill ChartSo
Page 112 and 113: ElPasoHudspethCulbersonJeffDavisPre
Page 114 and 115: HAZARD PROFILE WORKSHEETHazard: Sev
Page 116 and 117: Table 2-24: Beaufort Wind ScaleWind
Page 118 and 119: HIGH WINDTexas is subject to damagi
Page 120 and 121: The graphic above is the mixed anal
Page 122 and 123: Assessing Vulnerability and Estimat
Page 124 and 125: damages. A 100-year flood even alon
Page 126 and 127: ALAMO AREA COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS (
Page 128 and 129: (h) Gas Pipelines(1) Primary Impact
Page 130 and 131: i. High: 15ii. Significant: 35iii.
Page 132 and 133: (f) Thunderstorms - Potential annua
Page 134 and 135: Average annual insured loss: $2,633
Page 136 and 137: Please note that due to FEMA reduci
Page 138 and 139: (n) Wildfires(1) Tarrant County has
Page 140 and 141: significant events documented the e
Page 142 and 143: (g) Winter/Ice StormsTarrant County
Page 144 and 145: damaged or destroyed. There could b
Page 146 and 147: Sabine River Authority (SRA)This pl
Page 148 and 149: (1) The likelihood or future probab
Page 150 and 151: VulnerabilityVery High Risk - Peopl
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transportation of hazardous materia
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Minor: Minor extent is the lower en
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(1) The extent of a disaster would
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(1) The extent of a disaster would
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As mitigation grant applications ar
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So, while development in hazard pro
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sources), placed on a Web site, and
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Dam Failure -Earthquake -Hail -Wint
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Flood -Hurricane -Tornado -Wildfire
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Infrastructure that was determined
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Table 2-29: Flood Loss Estimates to
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Coastal ErosionTotaling the expecte
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EarthquakeWhile the most severe ear
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SECTION 3 - MITIGATION STRATEGYRequ
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only expends the FMA and SRL grant
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HOUSE BILL 1018The 77 th Texas Legi
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ut could be an effective lobbying o
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Figure 1. Boundary of the Coastal M
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Most coastal states use all or most
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The Hazard Mitigation Program serve
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Oil Spill personnel are specificall
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TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (TWDB
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THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER AUTHORITY
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Commission in the EMC is to provide
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For private landowners, we're worki
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previous Long Term Recovery committ
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insurable property for windstorm an
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The priority ranking was determined
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Houston, Mesquite, and San Antonio.
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Program: Pre-Disaster Mitigation (P
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in federal funds for 10 projects, C
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yards of beach quality sand was pla
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Bolivar Peninsula. The estimated co
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The GIWW also handles 90% of all ga
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and processing of all hazard mitiga
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measures to take by property owners
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Data Shortfall Strategies(a) Local
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Join the Community Rating System in
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REPETITIVE FLOOD CLAIM (RFC) PROGRA
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actions orenforcement such aszoning
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Promote and provideenhanced warning
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SECTION 4 - LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNI
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Local Plan IntegrationSTATE REVIEW
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Up to 7% of HMGP money may be used
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our Financial and Technical Service
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SECTION 5 - COMPREHENSIVE STATE HAZ
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(6) All jurisdictions within the de
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Summary of HMGP, FMA, SRL, RFC and
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documentation as part of the grant
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to the BCA. If there are any discre
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G711 - PUBLIC OFFICIALS MITIGATION
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PartnershipsTEXAS ASSOCIATION OF RE
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See Section 3.C.3.b for information
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SECTION 6 - PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCES
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Monitoring Progress of Mitigation A
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project is then reported on the qua
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Single Audit Act of 1984, Public La
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SECTION 7 - ATTACHMENTSAttachment O
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Aerial View of Klein High School Ca
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The inlet grates (wide black line o
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Jersey Village and Property locatio
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Again, using FEMA’s Benefit-Cost
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the parking lot. Windows failed und
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Attachment 5Attachment 5 includes a
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Attachment 5 (continued)AGENDAState
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Attachment 5 (continued)- 291 -
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IntroductionA major challenge faced
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B. Federally Authorized Programs1.
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w. Section 406 Hazard Mitigation Gr
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ProgramAuthorityFundingSourcePurpos
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ProgramAll HazardsEmergencyOperatio
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SECTION 9 - APPENDICESAppendix AThe
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Four principal physiographic region
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Water Development Board (TWDB, 2007
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Table 2-1: Features of Major River
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statewide data indicates that appro
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Figure 2-4: Repetitive Loss Propert
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In the future, the TWDB will coordi
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cover entire watersheds, major or m
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Effectiveness -Yes. Application pri
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TWDB will coordinate with TDEM and
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FEMA‘s Web Data Exchange database
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SECTION 10 - REFERENCESAlvarez, E.
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