standards / manuals / guidelines for small hydro development

EarthworkEcologyEddyEfficiencyEGLElbowElectric power systemEmbankment.Emergency gateEmergency spillwayEnergyEnergyEnergyEPC contractErosionAny one or combination of the operations involved inaltering or movement of earth.Branch of biological science which deals with relationshipsbetween living organisms and their environments.Circular current of water moving against the main current.See recirculation zone.Ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, usuallyexpressed as a percent. Effective operation as measured bya comparison of production with cost.Energy grade line.A pipe fitting having two openings which causes a run ofpipe to change direction 90 degrees.Physically connected electric generating, transmission, anddistribution facilities operated as a unit under one control.An earth structure the top of which is higher than theadjoining surface.A standby or auxiliary gate used when the normal means ofwater control is not available. The first gate in a series offlow controls, remaining open while downstream gates orvalves are operating.A spillway which provides for additional safety shouldemergencies not contemplated by normal designassumptions be encountered,The capacity for doing work as measured by the potentialfor doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of thispotential to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has severalforms, some of which are easily convertible and can bechanged to another form useful for work. Most of theworld’s convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that areburned to produce heat that is then used as a transfermedium to mechanical or other means in order toaccomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured inkilowatt hours and represents power (kilowatts) operatingfor some time period (hours), while heat energy is usuallymeasured in British thermal units.Work, measured in Newton-metres (or Joules). Theelectrical energy term generally used is kilowatt-hours(kWh) and represents power (kilowatts) operating for someperiod of time (hours) 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10 3 Joules.Force or action of doing work. Measured in terms of thework it is capable of doing; electric energy, the electriccapacity generated and/or delivered over time, is usuallymeasured in kilowatt hours (kWh).Engineering, procurement and construction contract.A gradual wearing away of soil or rock by running water,waves, or wind. Concrete surface disturbance caused bycavitation, abrasion from moving particles in water, impactof pedestrian or vehicular traffic, or impact of ice floes.AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards / General ­ Small Hydropower Definitions and Glossary of Terms 10