British Orthoptic Journal - Computing Services

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 1, 1959Charles Rasp. Presidential address 2Peoples M, Charles RaspThe British Orthoptic Board 3Willoughby L, Cashell GTTwo examples of the A syndrome 8Lance PMMonocular aphakia 10Hawkeswood HA few words on convergence deficiency 13Balfour BHess charts, typical and atypical 14Mann DConvergence strabismus with a small angle 19Willoughby L, Cashell GTMonocular stimulation in the treatment of amblyopia ex anopsia 24Carroll MConstant strabismus in adults 26Kirkland MBinocular dynamics (clinical examinations) 28Mann DAn Orthoptic ABC 43Willoughby LRadio astronomy 48Kerdel RL

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 3, 1961Supranuclear palsies (post-graduate lecture) 3Lance PMConvergence (postgraduate lecture) 6Lance PMPractical aspects of convergence 10Hawkeswood HSurgical cases of intermittent divergent strabismus 15Kirkland MA survey of patients at the hospital for sick children, Brisbane 21Kirby JSome observations of pleoptics at Moorfields Eye Hospital 29Mann DNotes of pleoptic treatment 31Syme AHeterophoria 34Mann DV syndrome (case history) 37Macfarlane AParesis of medial rectus with V sign 39Balfour B.Case history: Postoperative diplopia in an adult 41Kirkland MCase history: right convergent strabismus 43McNess M

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 4, 1962Patrons address: Orthoptics 2Henry AVA survey of patients at the far west children‟s health scheme, Manly 6Rona AAbnormal projection tendencies in divergent squint 13Hawkeswood HThe aid of bifocals in the treatment of accommodative convergent squint 18Kirkland MQuestionnaire on intermittent divergent squint 22Mann D, Murphy D, Minifie DCase history: bilateral paresis of elevation 28Balfour BSurvey of the effects of early surgery in constant convergent squint 30Walker ACase history: General fibrosis syndrome with Duane‟s retraction syndrome 33Murphy DCase history: Secondary eccentric fixation 34Syme AReport on orthoptic student exams 36Mann DTopic for discussion – convergence insufficiency following trauma 38Bryden-Brown LA

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 5, 1963Patrons address 2Russell EPresidents address, Orthoptics 4Lance PMThe scope of Orthoptics 9Kirkland MAustralian survey of intermittent divergent squints requiring surgery 15Murphy DSome suggestions on anti-suppression exercises with red coloured filter32Rona AThe possibility of a counter-fusional pull 34Bryden-Brown LAStatistics of convergence insufficiency 37Coddington JThe physiology of accommodation and convergence 43Swan DThe accommodative element in strabismus 45Cher IOrthoptic treatment of accommodative convergent strabismus 49Kunst JMA survey of the use of miotics 52McNess MPleoptic discussion 59Red filter treatment of eccentric fixation 61Kunst JMIntermittent overconvergence of unknown causes 62Hawkeswood HA new syndrome? Ptosis on convergence 63Lance PMAims, aids and methods in orthoptic teaching 67Craig D

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 6, 1964Twenty one years Orthoptics – Presidential address 4Collins LNOTES FOR ORTHOPTC TEACHERS 17TOPICS Cover test 19The Binocular Reflexes 20Binocular subjective anomalies 20Small angle squints and fixation disparity 21Accommodation and convergence 26Superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome 30

Transactions of the Orthoptic Association of AustraliaVolume 7, 1965Opening address 3Handley HAWhy are you an Orthoptist? 5Willoughby LThoughts on an overseas tour 6Ryan HPreposterous? 8Rona ARecovery from amblyopia 10Wesson M, Jameson Evans PDiagnostic pleoptic methods and problems encountered 12Doyle MDeterioration of the fixing eye under occlusion 19Lewin BOcclusion for older children 21Peoples MThree Japanese studies of amblyopia 23Craig DSubjective anomalies 26Stereoscopic tests for map makers 28Retalic LCase history: Blow-out fracture of the left orbit 29Carter MAetiology of apparent superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome 32Smith EOrthoptists and contact lenses 38Anderson S

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 8, 1966Miotics in practice 1Wood GManagement of strabismus patients 7Brown DSingle binocular vision in aphakes 9Anderson SValue of early surgery in strabismus 14Bishop J.Surgical results of oculo motor nerve palsy 20Lewin BAnomolous fusion faculty 28Metcalfe APleoptic treatment of a blind eye 34Kelly SSome thoughts on occlusion 38Shanahan MResults of monocular stimulation 39Taylor JUnconventional orthoptics 43Kirby JPhotography of history sheets 45Hawkeswood H

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 9, 1969Twenty cases of eccentric fixation 1Syme AThe electro-oculogram (EOG) 5Russell JGA case of fundus flavimaculatis 7Balfour BDivergent squints with abnormal retinal correspondence 10Stock LAniseikonia 12Wesson MIncomitance and its causes 15Wesson MThe treatment of eccentric fixation in private practice 19Crawley SAcquired paralytic squint and the Orthoptist 25Lance PMPost traumatic convergence insufficiency 37Hawkeswood HCase history: Alternate day squint 38Willoughby L

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 10, 1970The prognosis of the treatment of eccentric fixation 1Kelly SDyslexia 4Drummond SEvaluation of postoperative results in intermittent divergent strabismus 8Dennison BSuppression in heterophorias 11Hawkeswood HAlternate day squint 13Gyaw MOrthoptic participation on ophthalmic research 17Russell JGSeeing is believing 19Hitch AHelp 22Heard N

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 11, 1971Prolonger (Marlow) occlusion 1Hertzberg RAbout the AC/A and some Australian afterthoughts 3Hollows HCFusion a function of accommodation 6Hargraves MDOrthoptists and the Royal Australian air force 8Daley, Air Vice-MarshallA summary of pleoptic treatment and results 10Dennison BAbnormal retinal correspondence 13Wesson MSome cases of convergence squint with abnormal retinal correspondence 23Hawkeswood HA case of transient bilateral fixation in infancy 24Cornell EParadoxical innervation 27Cornell EStrabismometry through the eyes of an observer 36Wesson MOrthoptic reports 45Craig DA case of surgery for convergence insufficiency 47Hawkeswood HScotoma in retino-choroidal dystrophies 63Russell JG

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 12, 1972Dyslexia: An interdisciplinary approach 1Fenelon BDyslexia: An interdisciplinary approach: The binocular basis of dyslexic 4confusionDunlop DBDyslexia. The orthoptic approach 16Dunlop PReading difficulties 21Jolly NA problem readers clinic 29Peoples MA new role for orthoptics 31Alexander JLearning difficulty 32Dunlop P

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 13, 1973-1974Orthoptics and the young child 1Lowe RFPast, present and future 2Lance PMNew binocular factors in reading disability 7Dunlop P & EM BanksDifferential diagnosis and management of sensory adaptations 12Spooner VUse of concave lenses in the management of intermittent divergent squint 17Merrick FThe Hess Weiss 19Dunlop PPress-on prisms 26Lance PMPractical use of Fresnel prisms 29Jolly NUse of Fresnel prisms 31Brown STransparencies 33Kirby JReversal amblyopia 35Croker DCase report: inverse Marcus Gunn phenomenon 38Carter MCase history: Alternate day squint in an adult 39Magin JCase history: Unilateral aphakia 40Hawkeswood H

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 14, 1975Orthoptics and the communityCommunity involvement in the Western metropolitan health region 1-2A MacFarlaneSurveys and all that! 3-4P WisterVision screening – pilot survey 5-6S Brown, S Gillis, S StanleyVisual screening of children in western Australia 7B BalfourOrthoptics and cerebral palsy 7-9VC ElliotThe orthoptics contribution to the multi-disciplinary group concerned 9-15With learning difficultiesP DunlopDevelopment of visual acuity 15-17V SpoonerThe education of Orthoptists in New south Wales 17-19PM LanceThe use of “half patch” occlusion 20-21M HansorObjective orthoptic treatment 21-26D CraigSuperior oblique surgery 26-31J YapAlternating sursumduction: 3 case histories 31-36D CraigCase history: headaches 36-37J FitzsimmonsCase history: induced hypo accommodative squint 37M SullivanHypoplasia of lateral rectus and abnormal inferior oblique insertion 38J C StewartCase historyCase history: convergent squint of sudden onset 39F Merrick

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 15, 1977Address 2WE GilliesOrthoptics – the expanded role 3V GordonThe challenge of the present 4-5S BrownCurrent concepts in the investigation of macular disease 6-8JD CairnsEye injuries in sport 9-11H ToyneFar out orthoptics 12-14G O‟Sullivan, A McIndoeOrthoptic management of the cerebral palsied child 15-18M BinovecVisual development of 148 pre-school children over a period of 3 years 19-23P DunlopA Survey of the incidence of defective vision and strabismus in kindergarten 24-28Age children – Sydney 1976S brown, D JonesLincoln institute kindergarten screening 29-31L McKenzieSome aspects of Swiss orthoptics 32U MesserliDistance eso-deviation or vergence insufficiency 33-34WE GilliesOcular muscular dystrophy 35-37H McLeanThe role of the Orthoptist in the management of dysthyroid eye disease 38-40J MeinCase history: Superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome in siblings 41-42P MonteathHypoaccommodative squint: 2 case histories 43H HawkeswoodCase history: recurrence of alternate day squint in an adult 44J Wuff (Magin)Case history: innervational anomaly and head turn 45P WisterBook review: Orthoptics, past, present, future 46P Lance

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 16, 1978Manpower surveys 3Brown SSymptoms & HeterophoriaHelen HawkeswoodMedical therapy for amblyopia after occlusion failure 6MacLean H, Carter MThe significance of binocular visual acuity in intermittent exotropia 9Hitch AFresnel prisms in the management of sunlight deviations 10Edwards KStereoacuity tests: Titmus compared with TNO. 13Jolly NStereoacuity in kindergarten children 17Pardy JPurposeful perimetry 20Paul BA review of 100 cases of children with reading problems 25Brown SVisual assessment of CVA patients 30MacFarlane A, Longhurst TThe Orthoptists role in a team approach to partially sighted children 33Pardy J, Guy MPresent state of orthoptic treatment in Buenos Aires 36Ciancia AISome eye problems in Singapore: Infants and children 39Boon WHAustralian Aboriginal eye health and what must be done 45Hollows FC

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 17, 1979-1980Contrast sensitivity – a more realistic measure of visual function 1Dunlop DBA clinical assessment of new methods of treatment for amblyopia 6Banks RSummary of Royal Children‟s hospital and national research vision institute 10control trial of CAM vision stimulatorKeith CG, Mitchell D, Howell E, Smith SComments on CAM stimulator from Newcastle, NSW 11Dunlop PResults of treatment with the SAM vision stimulator from Sydney Eye Hospital 13Brown SOrthoptic treatment in twelve cases of eccentric fixation 14Joura OBilateral eccentric fixation – fact or fixation? 17Tait SCase report: Bilateral microtropia without identity 23Pardy JAn evaluation of proximal convergence by the use of infra-red photography 24Cornell E, Mitchell RThe influence of orthoptic treatment on proximal convergence 30Cornell EThe effect of darkness on the miosis associated with the near reflex 33Loughhead JThe effect of the accommodation-convergence synkinesis on the difference 37between distance and near measurements of deviationRubie CVisual assessment of cerebro-vascular accident patients in rehabilitation 42ProgrammesMacfarlane A Longhurst ECThe subjective visual assessment of the severely mentally handicapped child 48Erby JThe results of visual screening of eighty mentally retarded children 53Brown SA study of the visual defects in hearing impaired children 56Simon IThe Orthoptists role in rehabilitation of the partially sighted 59Wulff JAn evaluation of visual acuity levels 62Loughhead J, Priest LNystagmus blocking syndrome 68Cort SAn atypical response to occlusion of a congenital esotrope 71Stephens ASecondary and consecutive exotropia 75Pardy JCase history: Recurrent VI nerve palsy in a child 77Hunter JProblems associated with the integration of theory and practice in clinical 78

OrthopticsJolly NMacFarlane A, Longhurst TA survey of the clinical evaluation of stereopsis in Australian orthoptics 81Neill RA

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 18, 1980-1981Orthoptic role with the handicapped in Brazil 8R KinkerOrthoptic role in head injuries 10J MeinDiplopia and the cancer patient 15S MooreAmblyopia and disorders of ocular motility in craniosynostosis 19R Collin, J Walker, K WybarFourteen patients with superior oblique defect and convergence excess 23Corrected by sagittalizationM WessonA Method of vision testing of the severely handicapped children 25J KrsticRetraining of central fixation in the partially blind – due to demyelinating 26Disease or other organic lesionsU AltmannFurther roles of the Orthoptist in the rehabilitation of the partially sighted 28R WellingtonElectrophysiology and the Orthoptist 30D StarkA new method of electophysiological investigation of visually handicapped 36ChildrenF ZamfirescuStatic perimetry – A psychophysical test 39M DoyleExamination of visual fields in the physically handicapped child 43V GordonFree space stereotests revisited 45R Neill, P Dunlop, D DunlopThe effect of peripheral fusion on the four prism dioptre test 49J SparkeDevelopment of ocular fixation 52N JollyInfant Esotropia: Pilocarpine treatment 55P DunlopFoveal abnormalities in ametropic Amblyopia 59S TaitAn ophthalmologist reviews learning disabilities 63D StarkConvergence insufficiency and Duane‟s retraction syndrome 6I SimonCase report: Alternate day squint treated with prisms without the need for surgery 68J AttwengerCase report: surgery for convergence insufficiency 69H HawkeswoodCase report: Myasthenia gravis presenting following trauma 70J Dalzell

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 19, 1982On the relationship of eso to exotropia in Newcastle 5Dunlop PCentral retinal lesions and orthoptics 11Cowell SAssessment of visual field anomalies using the visually evoked response 17Fitzgerald A, Montgomery P, Billson F.The visual evoked response and stereopsis 251Neill RA, Fenelon B, Dunlop DB, Dunlop PSaccadic velocities 31Webster VAbnormal head postures – a review of 116 patients 35Francis IC, Brown SUltrasonography for orthoptists 41McIndoe ACareer patterns and attitudes 45Nordholm LA, Westbrook MTResults of kindergarten screening 51Ormerod G

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 20, 1983Psychological correlatives of accommodative squint 5Rona AThe OKN response and binocular vision in early onset strabismus 13Mein JNew aspects of dissociated vertical deviation 19Tait S, Atkins I, Brown S, et al.Evidence of abnormal optic nerve fibre projections in patients with Dissociated 23vertical deviation (DVD) – a preliminary reportFitzgerald AOcular motility disorders following head injury 31Mitchell RThe Orthoptist as a safety net 37Collett SIntractable diplopia 41Brown S, Atkins I, Doyle M et alThe Miller Fisher syndrome 45Atkins IVisual function in 58 intellectually handicapped children 47Freeman G, Loughhead JResults of Lion‟s club amblyopia survey 57McKenzie LAustralian contribution to International Orthoptic Association survey 59Lance PM, Mitchell RThe effects of alcohol on the visual and ocular motor systems 51Wilson G

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 21, 1984Suppression of a blurred visual input by normal subjects can be demonstrated 1using the VERJolly N, Cornell E, Hettiaratchi E, Burne JAVision in the elderly – a need for public awareness 5Mitchell RAA study of ocular signs in normal and pathological aging 11MacFarlane A, Mitchell R, Williamson M, Broe GAThe role of saccadic velocity testing in the management of orbital fractures 17Webster VOphthalmological aspects of fronto-nasal encephalocoeles 23Pyne RJA simple test of spatial frequency discrimination in patients with multiple 29sclerosisDelle Vergin S, Cornell E, Francis ICThe effect of a reading efficiency program on visually impaired tertiary students 33Ritzmaurice K, Keast JJVision defects in Down‟s syndrome at Newcastle school for specific purposes 39Dunlop PAcquired Brown‟s syndrome; a case report 43Searle C, Horne SCombined internuclear ophthalmoplegia and contralateral superior oblique palsy 47A case reportCornell E, Francis IC

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 22 1985Orthoptics and professional accountability 1Lance PMThe assessment of visual acuity by the forced preferential looking method 3Gole GA, Hall PAMinus overcorrection: conservative treatment of intermittent exotropia in the 9young childGoodacre HDoes the Uhtoff‟s symptom always mean MS? 19Hall JEThe use of vertical prisms in progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele 23Richardson Olszewski disease)Cornell E, Francis ICA comparative assessment of the Lang, TNO and Titmus stereo tests 27Johnstone R, Brown SColour vision tests and their interpretation 31Fitzgerald AVisual standards of the participants in the Shaklee junior sports development 41programmeJolly N, Jolly RAwareness of the eye health care team by other health professionals 49Ferraro KImprovisation in Orthoptics – the role of an Orthoptist in the management of the 53multi-handicapped visually impaired childCrossman HReading efficiency of visually impaired students – review of pilot program 57Fitzmaurice KThe visual assessment of fifty-seven mentally retarded school children 61Morey J

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 23, 1986The newborn follow up clinic: preliminary report of ocular anomalies 1Searle CVisual performance in the low vision child 7Rubie CThe spectrum of congenital rubella 13Crossman HVisual responses of patients with eccentric viewing 17Fitzmaurice KThe treatment of convergence insufficiency in Australia 21Cornell EAnalysis of the AC/A ratio in a sample of intermittent exotropes of divergence 29excess typeSmith CHuman colour vision: its basis and clinical significance 33Fitzgerald A, Billson FEvaluation of the City University colour vision test 41Fitzgerald A

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 24, 1987The orthoptic care of the elderly 3Yapp JMUnderaction of the medial rectus muscle following surgery for squint 9Strang NT, Brooks AMV, Gillies WESingle versus multiple pinhole – does it make a difference? 13McKenzie LColour vision: Ishihara and City University tests 17Crisp J, Green J, Pollock JVisual acuity is not the bottom line: some techniques of visual rehabilitation 23Fitzmaurice K, Taylor LThe caring Orthoptist 27Rubie CIntra-ocular lens calculation – the Waikato‟s first year 31Bull SVisual fields in retinitis pigmentosa 35Mulhall L

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 25, 1989Tinted lenses and dyslexia: a review of the literature 1Fitzgerald ADyslexia is a dab word 7Littlewood RNormal contrast sensitivity in 200 children aged seven to thirteen years 10Fitzgerald AThe use of the planimeter to measure fields of binocular fixation 17Brown S, Pitt A, McConaghy GAccommodation measurement – clear or blurred? 20Pollock JPersistent incomitance of long standing fourth nerve palsies 23Stephens A, Kelly J, Merrick F, Marshall S, Doyle MBlurred vision with head movements – testing the efficacy of the vestibulo-ocular 29ReflexGreen JUniocular central field loss: a case study 33Fitzmaurice K, Heriot WDuane‟s retraction syndrome – a review of 39 cases 35Bourne K

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 26, 1990Accommodation deficits in a group of young offenders 1A PittInfant visual field assessment 6K Bourne, A Crampton, C SearleEvaluation report – the Cambridge video refractor 13C Searle, R Miller, K Bourne, A CramptonLimitations of superior rectus movement – a literature review and clinical study 19A Hornbrook, J Kelly, F Merrick, G Stead, M DoyleBrown,s Syndrome, Current concepts & Clinical Review of twenty cases 24K BournsBrown‟s syndrome associated with pregnancy: a case report 28S Moore, p McCartneyVisual ocular motility performance of one hundred cricketers 32S BrownApplications of microcomputers to orthoptic measurement 37J BurneHomonymous blindness in multihandicapped children 42H CrossmanAn update in genetics for the Orthoptist – a brief review of gene mapping 45L Adams

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume27, 1991Five years of tinted lenses for reading disability – the Patricia lance lecture 1990 1A FitzgeraldThe effect of acute physical activity on levels of Stereoacuity 13S Brown, S MalcolmThe ocular motor development of infants 19L McKenzieA review of the Farnsworth Munsell type colour vision test 25A FitzgeraldThe effect of spectral composition if lighting on visual performance of 37persons with retinal pathologyK FitzmauriceThe Orthoptist and driving skills 43N Jolly, R ZropfBlowouts fracture 49R WilkinsonTransient superior oblique syndrome in scleroderma: a case study 59RH West, JC Griffiths, AJ BarnettAcquired intermittent superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome (SOTSS): 633 case reportsM StamosBotulinum toxin for the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm 69J Price, J O‟Day

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 28, 1992The computerized visual field: the complexities of its analysis. 1A Literature reviewH GoodacreRetinal photographic grading: the orthoptic picture 11R Sparkes, P Mitchell, P DarzinsConsecutive Exotropia 19G Page, H Ryan, C Prior, J O‟DayThe effect of cluster seating in the classroom on visual function 25M-E Jones, CM Searle, SJ KingEccentric viewing position as a predictor of potential level or near visual acuity 29K FitzmauriceVision testing of adult drivers with a vision screener 33K Ferraro, I Story, E FreshwaterDriver rehabilitation reference points for the Orthoptist 37N JollyDuane‟s retraction syndrome type 1 associated with dissociated 43vertical deviation: a case reportS brown, V McGough, S Garrett, M O‟RourkeA case study – brown‟s syndrome associated with accommodative Esotropia 47A Pitt, Z Goergievski

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 29, 1993Untreated early onset Esotropia in the visual adult 1The Patricia lance lecture 1992C CalcuttVisual agnosia – an update on disorders of visual recognition 9Emmie Rusel prize 1992R CingilogluA computer generated method of training eccentric viewing 13K Fitzmaurice, JF Kinnear, Y ChenThe effects of aerobic exercise on intraocular pressure 18P Elmurr, M Thompson, H GoodacreContrast sensitivity and visual acuity after eximer laser treatment for Myopia 25- preliminary findings on15 patientsA Fitzgerald, P Beaumont, M MinogueContrast sensitivity in adolescents with diabetes 33A Fitzgerald, J MunnsPelli-robson contrasts sensitivity on 122 children aged 6-12 years 40A Fitzgerald, J Mitchell, J MunnsAlcohol and visual function – an overview 46C Devereaux, I Story, A PittVision and ocular functions in the older driver 51K FerraroDiplopia and driving 55N Jolly, K Goodacre, N Seve, L IrelandCase reportsPartial sixth nerve palsy resulting from spinal anaesthesia - a case study 61LA Jones, RJ ArmstrongVisual therapy in hysterical blindness – a case study 65S Marshall, C Sherriff, L Kennedy

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 30, 1994Presidents address – the orthoptic association of Australia – 50 years 1A FitzgeraldPatricia Lance lecture – The next 50 years in orthoptics and ocular motility 5J SeabarThe incidence of reduced visual acuity and squint in pre-school children 17Aged 3 in AustraliaA FitzgeraldVizassess: a Computer generated test of visual function 27K Fitzmaurice, A ChenImproving eye gaze communication through ocular movement exercise 33H CrossmanThe effects of central and peripheral binocular visual field masking on 41Fusional disparity vergenceZ GeorgievskiDo table tennis players have better eye movements? 49P Elmurr, E Cornell, R Head, F KennySuperior oblique myokymia 55B JenningsUnusual feature of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 57M StamosA Case study in cortical plasticity 61J Mitchell, H CrossmanDysthyroid eye disease from the inside looking out 67C CalcuttContinuing intrigue with brown‟s syndrome and its association with Esotropia 71Z Georgievski, A PittTesting Stereopsis. Which test should be used? 73K Mill, S BrownUltrasound of the eye and orbit 75F Byrne, F GreenAtlas of clinical ophthalmology 75Spalton, Hitchings & HunterOcular anatomy and physiology 76SuadeManagement of difficult glaucoma 77Higginbotham & LeeOcular differential diagnosis 77Lea & FebigerClinical management of strabismus 78Calorosa and rouse

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 31, 1995Visual field screening in diabetes 5B JenningsVisual acuity: area retinal stimulation 13R DuyshartComparison of crowded single optotypes with linear acuities in amblyopes 21M Williams, T Wong, HH GoodacreVisual screening in a Nepalese community 29C Devereux, L Benich, A DrumStereoacuity and fusional vergence ranges of siblings of children with 35Familial strabismusD Ferguson, A Mayo, E CornellCase presentationSupranuclear downgaze saccadic palsy persisting after total ophthalmoplegia 41following severe closed-head traumaZ Georgievski, L Kowal, R Wilkinson, PJ McCartneyDiagnosis of defective colour vision 45J BirchContact lens practise: a clinical guide 47R Fletcher, L Lupelli, a Rossi

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume32, 1996Torsionometer evaluation 9Evaluating torsion with the torsionometer synoptophore, double Maddox rod test andMaddox wing : a reliability studyZ Georgievski, L KowalBlindspot mapping 13Evaluation of compensatory torsion by blind spot mappingE Cornell, J Flanagan, R HeardCentral red fields 19Normal threshold values for red targets in the central 10 degree visual field.J Piraino, H GoodacreVisual acuity variables 27The influence of uncontrolled variables in paediatric assessment of visual acuity: dowe measure visual acuity?R DuyhurstHead trauma review 33Ocular sequelae following head trauma: a reviewN ApostolouVision & Function 41Vision and functional capacities of older people in the communityK Fitzmaurice, H Kendig, R OsborneCase: INOInternuclear ophthalmoplegia as a presenting neuro-ophthalmic manifestation ofmultiple sclerosis 47M Ryan, J Kelly

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 33, 1997-1998The Patricia lance lecture 1007 – heredity and strabismus 13R WilkinsonVisual assessment in a developmentally disabled population: 23Marsden eye surgeryV Tosswill, M MacLeanThe assessment of impaired visual functioning due to cataract 34B Haynes, L Santamaria, I Sotry, A PittThe use of predictive factors in stoke rehabilitation 38N JonesAccommodation values in a normal Sydney population, the RAF rule still valid? 45E Cornell, R HeardA comparison of contrast sensitivity between people with colour vision defect 49And those with normal colour visionM Buffrey, J Vassar, N Jolly, R HeardVisual acuity testing in pre-school aged children – what can be expected? 55M WhittonAn historical look at Amblyopia – from patch to patch 60S ShippmanAn overview of recent developments in automated perimetric techniques used 63in the detection of glaucomaA Rota-BartelinkOverview of the GDX nerve fibre analyser 69M Whitton, G Stead, A Sclavos, M Doyle, J KellyThe assessment of driving skills in the presence of restricted visual 72fields associated with retinitis pigmentosaN JollyAn „Atypical‟ case of vertical retraction syndrome in association 77with klippel-feil syndromeL SantamariaThe physiology and neurology of vergence eye movements : an update 81C D Luu, J F Green

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 34, 1999The effect of room illumination on visual acuity measurement 3Wozniak H, Kelly M, Glover S, Moss NLow vision rehabilitation: an update 9Fitzmaurice KOutcomes of cataract surgery – what are we measuring? 15Haynes B, Santamaria L, Pitt ASchool screening – referral criteria and incidence of ocular disorders in the 20Blacktown local government area of Western SydneyJones LCorporate vision screening 25Giribaldi M, Wulff IThe orthoptic treatment of dyslexia using the LASD 33Lawson A, Kiernicki R, Peterson RTraumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome – a case study 41Rando A

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 35, 2000Congenital esotropia – an overview 2Wilkinson RThe effects of age on saccades made to visual, auditory and tactile stimuli 7Sullivan A, Abel LNegative vergence training and its effect on the divergence range and 13heterophoria sizeSalah A, Thompson K, Cornell E, Moss NEffect of whiplash injury on contrast sensitivity 22Brown SVision impairment in Australian children 27Tosswill VHumphrey and Tomey biometry for cataract surgery: is there a difference in 33visual outcome?Haynes B, Talevski S, McCarty DJResearch: a journey of innovation or rediscovery 37Fitzmaurice K1999 review, reflect, realise, rehabilitation 42Wulff I

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 36, 2001-2002Microtropia – a challenge to conventional treatment strategies 2Symyniuk M, Hendersen KThe effect of eccentric viewing on the visual function of persons with age-related 8macular degenerationVukicevic M, Fitzmaurice KPatterns of abnormal binocular fixation in a symptom free subject with a well 12controlled exophoriaCornell EADD/ADHA and ocular conditions 17Tosswill VTesting VA: do symmetrical charts make a difference? 21Cornell E, Moss NThe non-surgical management of accommodative esotropia – a personal reflection 23Calcutt CVision and sport: the past, present and future role of orthoptics 27Elmurr P

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 37, 2003The complicated diagnosis of cortical vision impairment in children with 2multiple disabilitiesWright MThe effect of aging on horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements 6Santamaria L, Story IThe effects of reading from different mediums (computer screen and paper) on 18blink rates and lacrimationMajor J, Jolly N, Heard RClinical judgement of GDX vcc versus GDX gas in the detection of nerve fibre 26layer thinning for glaucoma patientsSciavos A, Kelly J, Somerville-McAlester K, Stead GVision and computer use – a literature review 30Jolly N

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 38, 2004-2005Is tropicamide a more effective cycloplegic than cyclopentolate in children with 2dark iridise?Jones N, Kee S, Ming KHThe standard f vergence eye movements in children with reading difficulties 5Wulff IThe effect of training on horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements 9Santamaria L, Story IDouble trouble, patient satisfaction following non surgical intervention for 16diplopiaMacFarlane A, Pedemont KBy doing eye exercises can you really throw away your myopic correction? 19Thompson K, Cornell E, Moss NChild and adolescent health in New South Wales 26Tosswill VPrenatal factors in infantile strabismus 29Stamos-Pritchard M, Santamaria L, McCarty C, Devereux C, Story INon standard vision tests to predict functional vision 35Major J, Jolly N

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 39 (1), 2007Editorial. The new Orthoptics 6Editorial. The value of case studies 7Two cases of valsalva retinopathy treated with Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy 8Vasallo S, Mancuso C, Harper ATemperature – A contributing factor in a case of superior oblique palsy 13Somerville McAlester K, Kelly JDiscordant unilateral myopia in adult female monozygotic twins. Discordant 17refraction in monozygotic twinsDirani M, Chamberlain M, Garoufalis P, Chen C, Guymer RH, Baird PNThe speed of emmetropia 21Leone J, Georgievski Z, Koklanis KAcquired colour vision assessment – is Ishihara really enough? 24Green KIntermittent exotropia: a review of the natural history and non-surgical treatment 31outcomesZhang KK, Koklanis K, Georgievski Z

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 39 (2), 2007Editorial. On convergence. On the strength of community 6Editorial. The value of reviews 7Comparison of the effect of enlarged print versus a hand held Visolett magnifier 8on reading performance in fully sighted childrenRoediger N, Silvera SSurgical considerations in the treatment of intermittent exotropia: a review 14Le T, Georgievski Z, Koklanis KGlaucoma and sleep apnoea: Is there a link? A review 19Moore S, Malesic LVision disturbances in pituitary prolactinomas: A case report 24Freijah LOcular title reaction caused by a polycytic astrocytoma: a case report 29Le T

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 40 (1), 2008Editorial. Life begins in the 40‟s. A Ruby tribute to this Australian Orthoptic Icon 6Eye movements in vestibular function and dysfunction: a brief review 8Cornell E, Curthoys IVision rehabilitation and the development of eccentric viewing training: a 13historical reviewVukicevic M, Fitzmaurice KDiurnal variation of central corneal thickness and intra-ocular pressure in normal 19and suspect glaucomatous eyesKeel S, Malesic LSurgical management of essential infantile esotropia 23Mocnay N, Koklanis K, Georgievski ZSuitability of monovision laser correction in patients with ocular motility 27disorders

Australian Orthoptic JournalVolume 40 (2), 2008Editorial - Looking for you, looking for us? 6Georgievski Z, Koklanis CThe Evolution of Colour Vision Testing 7French A, Rose K, Thompson K, Cornell EThe Specialised Orthoptic Role in Management of Contact Lens Use in Infants 16Sendelbeck S, Brennan LAre Clinical Measures Good Indicators of Performance of Daily Activities in 21Vision-Impaired ChildrenDawson N, Fitzmaurice KFunctional Vision Assessment: Looking Beyond Clinical Measures of Ocular 26FunctionVukicevic M

Australian Orthoptic Journal2009 Volume 41 (1)Editorial - Searching AOJ Scientific Papers and Authors 6Myopia, Near Work, Atropine and Bifocals: Critical Reflections of the Key 7Literature. Examining the Influence of Several Factors Upon the Progression ofMyopiaInez Elderman, Meri VukicevicThe Use of Peer - Supported „Case Conferencing‟ to Enhance Orthoptic Students‟ 13Learning in a Clinical School EnvironmentKylie Robinson, Zoran Georgievski, Konstandina KoklanisA Case of Troplopia: A Case of Conversion Disorder? 17Julie FitzpatrickA Case of Brown‟s Syndrome in Association with Goldenhar Syndrome 20Kara Muecke, Linda SantamariaDouble Elevator Palsy with Congenital Esotropia: A Case Study 23Marika Hensman

Australian Orthoptic Journal2009 Volume 1 (2)Editorial - The Importance of Evidence Based Practice 4The Verbal Skills Used by Orthoptists During Private Patient Consultations 5Irina Sim, Neryla Jolly, Karen PepperWhy are Males with Compressive Optic Neuropathy Predisposed to Developing 12Cranial Nerve Palsy and Binocular Vision Problems?Inez Eveine Elderman, Meri VukicevicVision Screening in Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability 17Kate Hanman, Kaori Suda, Konstandina Koklanis, Zoran GeorgevskiConcordant Esotropia and Bilateral Hypermetropia in Young Monozygotic Twins 20Melissa JurgensSelected Abstracts from the OAA 66th Annual Scientifi c Conference, held in 23Brisbane, 15-18 November 2009

Australian Orthoptic Journal2010 Volume 42 (1)Editorial - Orthoptic Practice Variations and Effective Care: The Need for Clinical 6Practice Guidelines to Improve CareElectroretinography in a Paediatric Setting: A Useful Diagnostic Tool 8Stephanie Crofts, Louise Brennan, Katie ScanlonA Case of Diplopia Following Monovision with Contact Lenses 15Barbara HaynesA Case of Orbital Cellutis with Accompanying Bilateral Ptosis 18Stephanie Norman, Linda Santamaria, Sonia BiondiA Case Study: Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia 21Jade Portingale, Linda Santamaria, Mark Etheridge

British Orthoptic JournalVolume 1, 1939Loss of Central Fixation 15-19I.YoxallSome Observations on Partial Occlusion in Accommodative Squints 20- 22E.PembertonA few samples of Traumatic Heterophoria 23-27S.MayouOperative Impressions in Orthoptic Training 28-33OM DuthieSummary of routine treatment given at the Manchester Royal 34-37Eye HospitalE.StringerVoluntary Diplopia 38-43S.MayouParalysis of External Rectus; Treatment of Muscle Grafting 44-45P.Jameson EvansSome Observations on Squint Operations 46-49Dr Gordon NapierSuitability of cases for Orthoptic Training 50-53CH.BamfordOcclusion 54-57K.BastowSome Recent Methods used in an Attempt to shorten Orthoptic treatment 58-62S.JacksonHistory of Orthoptic treatment 63-65CL GimblettOccasional Divergent Squint 66S.JacksonUnusual cases of divergent squint treated at the Manchester Royal Eye 67HospitalE.StringerDivergent Strabismus and its treatments 68-69K.BastowDivergent Squint 70

J.StricklandApproach to the Phorias 71-104Wing Commander LivingstoneCertain aspects of the Evolution of the eye 105I.Mann

BOJ Volume 2, 1944Some Observations on accommodative squint 13-15M.ParsonsSome Observations on experimental work on the relation of squint 16-20to emotional disturbances carried out at the Oxford Eye HospitalB.HareOur Failures 21-24E.StringerGraded Squint Operations 25-32J.Foster, EC Pemberton, SS FreedmanPrognosis of postoperative Diplopia in adult Squints 33-35EC PembertonSome notes on treatment of abnormal retinal correspondence 36-37B.HareConvergence deficiency 38-41OM.DuthieCivilian Heterophoria 42-46D.Adams Campbell, J MeinAdult Heterophoria 47-49JH.DoggartSome Interesting aspects of heterophoria in relation to flying 50-55AV.McLellanSome Observations on Orthoptic treatment following head injury 56R.Chandler

BOJ Volume 3, 1945A Surgeons View of the development and future of Orthoptics 13-19OM DuthieOrthoptics in Industry 20-27J.StrangOrthoptics under the education committee 28-29BM BakerSome American Methods of Orthoptic Treatment 30-33LB BillinghurstMyopia and Pseudomyopia 34-38JP Spencer WalkerThe Art of Seeing 39-43R.SparrowBinocular Vision 44-47AB.NuttExperimental work in stereoscopic vision and visual acuity 48-52JH Swift, NF BalkwillAdvantages and disadvantages of the myotomy of the internal 53-56rectus muscleA.Wynn GreenSurgical and Orthoptic treatment of varied types of ocular motility 57-71ImbalanceJ.BradleyTreatment of convergence deficiency 72-82S.MayouDoubts and Difficulties 83-86E.ExnerCases treated in the Orthoptic department of the Birmingham 87-89Eye HospitalAB CurrySquint Cases seen in the outpatient department 90-94J Parker SmithObservations and Occlusion 95-97BM VoiseyInteresting cases of diplopia 98-99

F TaylorExperiences in hospital and private practise 100-102HG Lee

BOJ Volume 4, 1947What is Orthoptics? 21-29WB LancasterThe Role of Orthoptic treatment 30-34D MannAnew Method of Developing Normal Retinal Correspondence 35-38S MayouThe Modern Technique of Squint Operations 39-47A Seymour PhillipsThe Adoption of Rhythmic illumination for Orthoptic Treatment 48-53H CotterSome Problems in the Diagnosis of symptom Production Heterophoria 54-64TK LyleOrthoptic in the Royal Air Force 65-74R RoweSome Aspects on the treatment of Squint 75-79AB NuttDivergent Strabismus 80-82E StringerAre Orthoptics Really Necessary? 83-84P MeroryA Survey of Esophoria and Ciliary Spasm 85-95G IrvineThe Choice of Operation in cases of squint 96-102LHG MooreAccommodative Squint associated with emmetropia 103-104KM ParsonThe Relationship between the Ophthalmic Surgeon and the Orthoptist 105-106RD Weedon ButlerAbnormalities of accommodation in cases of heterophoria 107-108B HareMuscle Imbalance and Squint 109-110M RankenThe Occlusion of infants 111-113

M LyonThe Effect of Operative Alterations in the height of the external rectus 114-116InsertionJ Foster, EC PembertonViews of selecting Suitable Cases of heterophoria for Treatment 117-119E StringerThe History of Orthoptics 120-121JH AustinAn Orthoptist with the Royal Air Forces at home and overseas 122-134B MayouEsophoria 135-136P WardProprioceptive Reorientation 137-138E PembertonSome Observations on Operative Results 139-142IV BanksHomework exercises in the treatment of heterophoria 143-144M BellNotes on bar reading 145-147P WardSome attempts to shorten treatment for country patients 148-149EB DolanCase Notes of Special Interest 150-156Inferior Oblique Overaction 150-151S MayouOcular motility imbalance with disease 151-152B MayouAccommodative Spasm 152-153B HareCompensated Heterophoria 153-156B Mayou

BOJ Volume 5, 1948Movement disorders of the Eyeball 18-32P SandiferA Review of Orthoptics in Northern Ireland 33-44D RankinSome New Ideas in the treatment of a fully accommodative convergent 45-49squintS MayouSidelights on the inferior oblique muscles 50-61J Ringland AndersonOrthoptics in perspective 62-65D SalisburySome Observations on the treatmentof the ARC 66-68M BrookeIntermittent divergent squint 69-72Miss ThornhillEleven years experience of posterior marginal myotomy and orthoptic 73-77trainingR LangSelection and Orthoptics treatment of adult cases 78-81P WardBrazilian Interlude 82-83B MayouLe Traitment non Operetoire du Strabisme Concomitant 84-93SB VallonOveraction of the inferior oblique 94-98J MeinObservations based on a Survey of 3 years Orthoptics in a small 99-102departmentR ScottStatistical Tables 103-116An Adjustable bar reader 117-118K ParsonsEye exercises – self help 118-119C Maclagen

Case of bilateral superior oblique paresis following Cerebral 120-122decompressionBL GoswellRight concomitant convergent squint with onset at 11 months and 123binocular single vision postoperativeS ChalmersVertical Paralysis with binocular single vision postoperatively 124FB BadcockVertical Paresis with convergence deficiency 125-127JF MillsRe-education of binocular vision in a case of monocular aphakia 128-129BL GoswellAHP in 2 cases of lateral rectus palsy 132JF MillsA Case of Traumatic diplopia 133S Mayou

BOJ Volume 6, 1949Suppression in normal and abnormal Binocular vision 16-21NM BrookeA Review of the treatment of convergent squint 22-23I LlyodThe Psychological approach to Orthoptics 24-27ME HollandAniseikonia 28-31Lord ChernwoodVarying Responses to tests for Binocular vision in cases of divergent 32-36squintS Heetly-SpencerHeredity in Orthoptics 37-41SH FaulknerVertical deviation associated with convergent squint 42-49J MeinThe Hess screen test with Mirror dissociation 50-55VT LeesBarriers and Aids to Fusion 56-61M EylesExperiences in the treatment of squints 62-69EM MitchellSelection and treatment of cases in a single handed orthoptic clinic 70-72FMS GanamContact Lenses 73-75C KnottThe Value of Orthoptic investigation in the prescription of contact lenses 76-80Orthoptics dept, Moorfields Eye HospitalBrains Trust 81-88S & B Mayou, G Vaughton, TK LyleFunctional Home exercises in cases of eye strain 89-93M EylesThe Phoro Optometer 94-104H Cotter

Convergent squint with lack of fusion and response to orthoptic treatment 105-106EC AndersonConvergent squint becoming Postoperative divergent squint 106-107EC AndersonDeficient movement of left inferior rectus with overaction of right superior 108obliqueS Mayou

BOJ Volume 7, 1950Observation on the State of Binocular Single Vision Existing in 23the Non-Squinting child, and that, restored in cases of convergentsquint, by refractive, Orthoptic and Surgical treatment.DD RankinTreatment of Convergent squint associated with hypermetropia 36G Vaughton, M StewartSome Observations on the development of binocular vision following 45operation in cases primarily regarded as having poor prognosisGTW CashellA few problems in Australia 51DE BalfourThe work of an Almoner in an Eye Hospital 56D CollisContact Lenses 58AG CrossOrthoptics and Contact lenses 63S MayouInauguration of the New Orthoptic Dept of the Westminster Branch, 70Moorfield Westminster and Central Hospital London WC1The Use of Orthoptics in the diagnosis and treatment of Diplopia 74F JanusThe Decompensation Factor in Adult Squints 70N BoyleComments on the psychological significance of Vision, Derived 83from a study of certain casesRD ScottA Years work in an Orthoptic Training School – April, 1949- March 1950 96FB Badcock, BL Gosnell, JF MillsA Students Conference 99D DaCunhaSome Observations in Switzerland and Egypt 101MJ Roper-HallA Review of the Treatment of Squint 105I Lloyd

The Potentialities of the Pigeon-Cantonnet Steroscope 107DD Rankin, PB DowlerSelection of cases for orthoptic treatment and orthoptic management 115of a new caseOrthoptics in Amsterdam 122R Scott

BOJ Volume 8, 1951A cross section of cross eyes 14J Ringland AndersonAbnormal Head Postures 34M FittonSome Observations on the expectation of the development of binocular 43Single VisionRA ScottInvestigation into Peripheral Fusion 50NW BoyleConvergence Deficiency: An Occupational Study 56A SmithAn Examination of the Aetiology and Treatment of small convergent 71deviations, associated with a low degree of hypermetropia with a newapproach to the treatment of this conditionR Gittoes-DaviesOxford ConferenceSome recent developments in the treatment of manifest and latent squint with 85particular reference to the use of convergence exercisesBM LeeA Study of divergent Strabismus in Australia 95R HoltSome limitations of Orthoptics 101A WellsPlastic Surgery of the eyelids and orbit 108DN MatthewsClinical Meeting, British Orthoptic Society, 27 th October 1951 118Prognosis in abnormal retinal correspondence 119AMB Shepherd

BOJ Volume 9, 1952Circumstances leading to the development of squint 11EBAlabasterThe Long-term outlook on Accommodative squint 15KM ParsonsThe terminology of Ocular rotations 18A StanworthA Survey of intermittent convergent strabismus, apparently due to 28insufficiency of the harmonic reflexT RobinsonThe theory of dysfunction of accommodation in the convergent squints of 40ChildhoodI LloydSurvey of a series of cases of accommodative strabismus 46PB DowlerThe influence of the vestibular apparatus on Ocular Movements 52T CawthorneHeadaches 57LH SavinSome inaccuracies in visual perception 58J Gloster, B Chir, R Harrison, J VertigenThe Students conference 72Anomalies of fusion: The Signature of Acccommodative in 75Orthoptic TreatmentM Stewart, G VaughtonAids in teaching Ophthalmic Optics 81EJ NaylorObservations on squint therapy in Switzerland 89A MeyerA Case of Divergent Strabismus 94J MeinAustralian new-letter 96I MartinEccentric Fixation with Variations 98J Bagshaw

The Young Deaf Child 103CM CorbishleyA Survey of accommodative squint 106M FittonAn Examination of classes of small degree Esotropia 113R Gittoes-Davies

BOJ Volume 10, 1953Congenital Anomalies of the Extra-Ocular Muscles 3HE HobbsA Changed approach to abnormal retinal correspondence 10M LevingePeripheral and Macular Fusion 20JE WinkelmanThe Suppression Theory 23H AsherModified Combination of the Lancaster and Hess Tests 32J Foster, EC Pemberton, J BagshawVertical deviations in horizontal squint 37RA CroneAetiology and treatment of paralytic squint 40WOG TaylorNystagmus 51CRS JacksonSome therapeutic contraindications in the treatment of squint 54F JanusPartially sighted children and their education 58PMcG MoffatEducation in schools for the partially sighted 59EE WeaversThe Cerebral Palsied child at school 64MA BuddOrthoptics in Belgium 68MA JamesFour Years of Orthoptics in the Zurich Universitats-Augenklinik 71C Braun J BoissonnasOcclusion Clinic 76E YorkTotal Occlusion 78S MayouCase NotesRight Convergent concomitant strabismus, later complicated 79by paralysis of left Lateral rectusDD RankinGross ex-cyclophoria in unilateral Aphakia 80J FoleyUnilateral Aphakia, originally myopic, with anisometropia 81J FoleyLeft convergent strabismus (tonic type) treated in infancy 82R Holt

BOJ Volume 11, 1954Orthoptic investigation in unilateral aphakia 3J FoleyClinical significance of the contact lens in orthoptics 10F RileyAccommodation reflex 13FW CampbellSome Observations on accommodation-convergence synkinesis 18WM WalkerRole of cortisone in ocular disease 23C CookAn Answer to the suppression theory 32Lord CharnwoodAmblyopia and strabismus 38CM FergusonEvolution of spectacles 43L F WhitakerOccupational therapy, treatment, and training 52M Smith-RoseMeasuring the Angle of Squint 57JG Van Den BoschOrthoptic Forum 60British Orthoptic Society: Oxford Congress 65Surgery and Sensory adaption in binocular vision 66GTW CashellVertical Deviations in Children 80PB DowlerTreatment of small vertical deviations 86BL GosnellTreatment of Cerebral Palsy by the inhibition of abnormal reflex action 88K Bobath and BO BobathNew methods of overcoming suppression 99ODM GoodallSuppression and post-operative diplopia in relation to the sensory pattern 104M MarshPost Operative Central Suppression 110J BagshawCase NotesAlternating convergent strabismus with alternating hypertropia where 112A functional result followed treatmentR Gittoes-DaviesIntermittent divergent squint of mixed type treated by surgery 113ODM GoodallDecompensated Esophoria complicated by accommodative spasm 114J Boardman

BOJ Volume 12, 1955Observations on the aetiology and treatment of the vertical congenital 4Ocular PalsyAB NuttThe Place of fixation in orthoptic procedure 21JE LancasterInvestigations and treatment of cases of strabismus and heterophoria 26In which surgery is contemplatedL BillinghurstThe Orthoptic Department, past, present and future 33S Mayou, FD Badcock, BR Finlayson and BL GosnellImportance of the History in the prognosis of convergent squint 41P KempeAbnormal retinal correspondence 48Y MaurerInvestigation of abnormal retinal correspondence and eccentric fixation 71H CotterA note on abnormal retinal correspondence 75S MayouAetiology of convergent strabismus 77RW StephensonSpontaneous Divergence in cases of convergent strabismus 79JS GrovesFurther ideas on selection and treatment of small degrees of 85Convergent strabismusObservations on the psychological aspect of early surgery for squint 89L BillinghurstCase notesTwo patients with Amblyopia of the left eye showing usual response to 91Synoptophore testsMH FittonLeft Convergent strabismus with Aniseikonia 93PB DowlerLeft convergent strabismus (accommodative type) with underlying 95Paresis of the left superior obliquePB DowlerConsecutive divergence following surgical correction of a lateral 97Rectus palsy incurred in adult lifeCM StewartApparatus 99AT Wagstaff

BOJ Volume 13, 1956Use of bifocal spectacles in the treatment of accommodative esotropia 3HM BurianSome Psycho-physiological aspects of vision related to orthoptic procedure 7MAD EylesReaction to young children to admission to hospital 14RS IllingworthPrevention of emotional sequelae in young children during operation 18For strabismusP PinkertonValue of occupational therapy for hospitalized children 21BG CollinsResults of early operation for strabismus 28JA McCannOveraction of the inferior oblique muscle. A description of six cases 33AB NuttThe Retraction Syndrome. An Analysis of cases 48Read by Joyce Mein, representing the Sheffield United Hospitals OrthopticTraining SchoolScope of Speech Therapy 65CE RenfrewProgress in Orthoptics 72DA CampbellAmerica Revisited 75L BillinghurstTelevision Trainer 82EC AndersonUse of Sight Saving Schools in the Supervision of Amblyopia Ex Anopsia 86J Bruce HamiltonIntermittent Divergent strabismus 89D Thornhill, EA Cameron, A BonsorCase NoteMarked vertical strabismus, controls of deviation being associated with 96Bilateral vertical nystagmus and abnormal head postureD W Hall

BOJ Volume 14, 1957Ophthalmoplegia in systemic disease 4K WybarObservations on the surgical treatment of strabismus 11AB NuttObservations on convergent strabismus associated with defective movement 29Of the superior oblique muscleME WessonReflections on the Aetiology of strabismus 39I LloydPleoptics 43H GaleNew ideas gleaned in foreign clinics for the treatment of Amblyopia 47Especially that due to eccentric fixationR DowneyContribution to discussion on pleoptics 53J FosterOrthoptics in Lyons 56CM DouthwaiteA case of eccentric fixation in an adult in which central fixation has 61Has been restoredE StringerTreatment of Amblyopia secondary to anisometropia 68JW BishopPilocarpine in the treatment of accommodative strabismus 75V MeadApplication of physiotherapy to the treatment of acquired Ocular palsy 82JM EgertonMayou Bar-reader 88S MayouMental effort ion orthoptic treatment 91M CraneSuggestions for comprehensive History-taking 94L BillinghurstFurther Observations on the hospitalization of children with strabismus 971. H Ditchman & S Finch2. M MarshCase NotesCiliary Spasm 101JB McLeodSome interesting cases of adult strabismus 106JM HancyUnusual case of convergent strabismus 107PP BealeA Case of uniocular Aphakia 109J TremlettAnnotationsIncidence of divergent squint among fair-haired people 111A MorganTraining convergence on the synoptophore 112

ME WessonViewing television 113ME Wesson

BOJ Volume 15, 1958Retrospective Diagnosis 3JH DoggartMechanism of Amblyopia 16ES PerkinsAn introduction to the study of pleoptics 23K WybarAn investigation of pleoptics 27C Douthwaite, B LeeAmblyopia 36R DowneyDiplopia and ocular palsies ion relationship to general medicine and 55NeurologySP MeadowsDiplopia following Injury 61AB NuttUse of drugs in treatment of strabismus 73RW StephensonResults of early surgery for strabismus 77GJO BridgemanNeed for research in orthoptics 82ZJ BryerPrevention and treatment of amblopia ex anopsia in the school health service 86S SutcliffeTreatment of suppression ` 98R Pigassou, M ChadourneAccommodative strabismus with convergence excess 103K Parsons, R SalisburyTreatment of accommodative strabismus with convergence excess 109S SutcliffeOrthoptics in the USA 113EB StanleyElimination of suppression 120AM AdamsThree cases of acquired paralytic strabismus with unusual reactions 122To diplopiaPB DowlerCorrespondence 124Hospitalization of young childrenRAD Crawford

BOJ Volume 16, 1959“twenty-one” 3S MayouOrthoptic treatment of concomitant strabismus 7T Keith LyleIndications for superior oblique surgery 21K RubinsteinAdaptions of the squinting eye 41P Jameson EvansCause of accommodative strabismus 51EF FinchamTreatment of accommodative strabismus with convergence excess 60S MayouResearch into migraine 66EL TonksOccupational orthoptics 75CRS JacksonSmall-angle strabismus and the modified major amblyoscope 85A Stanworth, D Da CunhaMethods and standard of investigation of strabismus in Great Britain and on the 91Continent of EuropeH GaleSpectacles for low visual acuity 100BK RussellSome observations on the use of contact lenses in the treatment of anisometropia 104J DixonIncidence of Amblyopia in children with strabismus 109EJ Naylor, AG WrightSome comments on the question of early operation 114A BonsorImportance of correcting vertical deviations 119R GartenbergOrthoptics in Ceylon 123T TisseraDevelopment of concomitance 126J Mein

BOJ Volume 17, 1960Visual screening of 3 year old children 1S SutcliffeAccommodative Esotropia 12HM BurianReport on pleoptics 21C DouthwaitePunch card for recording deviations of the binocular imbalance 32GH JonkersClinical signs and diagnosis of the A and V syndromes 43ME WessonOcular complications in Thyroid Disease 55AB NuttAnisometropia and Amblyopia 66PR StevensOcular electromyography in disorders of motility 74SI DavidsonManagement of unilateral Aphakia 82K RubinsteinSome results of the use of Di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate in the treatment of 87StrabismusE StanleyEffect of the passage of time on accommodative strabismus of the convergence 93excess typeAR ParkerThe evil eye and its relation to squint 99B Brooke and V Rayner Smith3 years experience of orthoptics in Munich 104B ThatcherCase notes:Acquired bilateral sixth nerve palsy in a child 110MC WardThird nerve palsy with loss of fusion 114SL WadePersistent Diplopia 116D Thornhill

BOJ Volume 18, 1961Recent developments in the treatment of Amblyopia 1PA GrahamAmblyopia in anisometropia 9B Usher KillenSimple anisometropia and Amblyopia 13J RobinsonPrevention and treatment of Amblyopia in the young child 27ME WessonPrinciple of ophthalmoscopy 32AN CameronThe Pleotophore 42K BullockObservations on pleoptic treatment in Missouri USA 48J PlowrightOcclusion of the amblyopic eye 52MC WardAlternating sursumduction or dissociated vertical divergence 61T Keith Lyle, J WilkinsonSome practical observations on alternating Hyperphoria 78AV MaclennanSome factors concerned in the production of heterophoria 84K WybarAssessment of the results of orthoptic treatment in heterophoria 87ZJ BryerEsophoria with particular reference to the divergence weakness type 90J MeinConvergence Excess 95J BagshawHereditary tendencies to congenital muscular anomalies 100SA BekennPrimary divergent strabismus 106IB HallOrthoptic treatment of intermittent divergent strabismus of the 110divergence excess typeI DurranIntermittent divergent strabismus of the divergence excess type 114ME WessonOrthoptic treatment of loss of convergence and accommodation 117caused by road accidents (“Whiplash” injury)M AndersonA defence of the use of the cover test to estimate the angle of deviation 121SA BekennCase notes: A fully accommodative strabismus becoming a large constant 124Manifest deviation with no predisposing causeS Gibbons

BOJ Volume 19, 1962Pleoptics Symposium: Foreword 1T Keith LylePrinciples underlying the treatment of Amblyopia 2AB NuttModern therapy of suppression Amblyopia 8R SauberliRecent developments in pleoptics 13JW WalkerTreatment of Amblyopia by inverse occlusion and pleoptics 19W BarnardDark-adaption in amblyopes 31H Saiduzzafar and M RubenPleoptics in the USA 35MH FittonUnilateral Aphakia 39CM RubenSurvey of patients referred for Orthoptic examination from the 62Contact lens departmentY MaurerSome children‟s diseases seen by an Ophthalmologist 80MAC JonesBrain Tumors and their effects 85E TurnerRecession of the inferior oblique 95OO FfooksMitosis and strabismus 102J WhitewellAnomalies of accommodation 113B brookeBinocular vision after treatment for convergent squint 119A Stanworth, EJ NaylorCases of accommodative strabismus discharged as Orthoptically 126SatisfactoryBL Goswell, SA FinchThe AV Syndrome 133AG GrossPhotography in the Orthoptic Department 136Y MaurerCase note: Gross Anisometropia 141A DaysonUse of Physiological diplopia in treating strabismus by means of the 144Gillie DiploscopeJ Calder Gillie

BOJ Volume 20, 1963Neurological significance of disturbances in ocular motility 1W PapstHead postures in Labyrinthine defects 12J KodicekAbnormal head posture 18AB NuttDiagnosis of visual defect in early childhood 29MD SheridanEarly surgery of strabismus 37A ArrugaConvergent squint of early onset results of treatment 45GJO BridgemanIncidence of spontaneous improvement in convergent strabismus 54D RankinUse of transparencies in the treatment of accommodative strabismus of 64The convergence excess typeA KaneSignificance of peripheral Fusion 69J Hughes, AJ MacKinlaySurgical treatment of Ptosis 79PL BlaxterAn approach to heterophoria 87D CraigPhysiological diplopia 91DM JesterNew visual aid for demonstrating projection and optical correction 95Y MaurerTe Graph Chart 100E Lowndes YatesAn Orthoptic Cabinet 109BL GosnellCase note: Secondary convergence spasm following primary failure of 112AccommodationJ Bagshaw

BOJ Volume 21, 1964Entopic Phenomena in the treatment and diagnosis of strabismus 5M H FittonThe ocular significance of abnormal head postures 14ME WessonNature and cause of squint of early onset 29AA DouglasFact-finding with a punch card system 50FB BadcockDisturbances of vision that result from head injury 59P RR Clarke, GF RowbottomThe deviation behind a cover 63N CridlandNear vision testing in young children 68GL CantrellManagement of eccentric fixation 73I. Children up to the age of 5 years – J SteerII. Children aged 5 years and over – J MeinTreatment of eccentric fixation by the red filter method 83K BullockSymposium on planning research 85I. what is meant by casual connexions – PG EspinasseII. Judging significance – RJ NicholsonIII. Planning a research project – DD Stenhouse StewartMicro-corneal lenses in unilateral aphakia 93GT Willoughby CashellObesity and ophthalmology 98JH DoggartObservations on the role of vision in human learning 103SH HaskellHypermetropic anisometropia 106CRS JacksonAnisometropic Amblyopia 111BL GosnellCorrespondenceBE LewisE RiversImprovement in the visual acuity in anisometropic Amblyopia treated by glassesaloneSL WadeCase notes – alternating inferior oblique “Palsy” 116J MeinAppliances – a selective occluder 120M RubenA visit to North America 1963 122BM Lee

BOJ Volume 22, 1965Cyclotropia due to bilateral superior oblique palsy caused by head injury 2T Keith LyleNeuropathological aspects of visual disturbance 10L WolmanSome aspects of surgery of the vertically-acting extra-ocular muscles 23M C HandscomeAtropine treatment for Amblyopia ex anopsia 35RF LowePunch-card recording of squint statistics 43EJ NaylorA survey of the results of early surgery for strabismus carried out in 53The North of EnglandJ BagshawThe risk of rubella in pregnancy 63C G ParsonsOphthalmic problems in spina bifida and hydrocephalus 70RB ZacharyOcular changes in hydrocephalus 72UK GoddardLoss of fusion following brain damage 81SL WadeStrabismus in cerebral palsy 84VH SmithThe single optotype 95OOF FfooksThe symbol test. A new test for visual acuity 98OOF FfooksTwo cases treated by pleoptic methods 101J WalkerThe treatment of intermittent divergent squint of the divergence excess type 104P catterallTheory in orthoptics illustrated by means of the horopter concept 112DF woodhouseCase notes – allergy to phospholine iodide 118C Good

BOJ Volume 23, 1966The electrical detection of eye movement 1JH KelseyA modified corneal contact lens: Binocular single vision in uni-lateral aphakia 19J Bagshaw, SP Gordon, A StanworthTucking of the superior oblique 31J NolanFixation disparity 41K BullockVision screening of school entrants 48A Ainsworth, A Greenwood, S Zintel, PR stevensAnisometropic Amblyopia, Axial length in strabismus and some observations 57On spectacle correctionCI PhillipsAbnormal head shapes associated with ocular defects 62ME WessonThe “heavy eye” phenomenon: a preliminary report 75J BagshawA Backward look at orthoptics 79AA DouglasA comparison of conventional and aniseikonic slides used as a synoptophore 90Screening test for binocular function in unilateral aphakiaM AdamsAnother look at pleoptics in St Gallen and Giessen 96KE Bullock, VA HughesIncidence of ocular disease and asthenopia related to age and type of work 100J LambertA work teaching aid for orthoptics and ophthalmology 108DML WillimasThe Miniature red and green cross 112EC lowndes YatesThe rotating pinhole 114EC Lowndes YatesCase notesA Case of apparent intermittent overaction of the left superior oblique 116E ClarkeUnilateral spasm of accommodation and transient convergent squint 118Due to an anxiety neurosisAW SollomA case of right convergent strabismus with some Amblyopia 120S Mayou

BOJ Volume 24, 1967Ocular and ocular muscle anomalies in thalidomide children 2JF CullenSome ocular manifestations of myopathies 15DP GreavesSome aspects of vision in infants 25GL RuskellVisual problems and cerebral palsy 33O FfooksProblems or teaching cerebral palsied children 42ML SlatherThe significance of squint in certain forms of malignant disease 47K WybarThe incidence of squint in minimally handicapped children 53W A VenebalsThe anatomical basis of the pupillary reflexes 56WN DugmoreThe management of exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia 63CAL PalmerThe use of double-focus glasses in the treatment of convergent strabismus 82MA JamesCongenital Glaucoma 90A ListerResearch techniques in orthoptics 102M FittonReliability of the Phi Phenomenon in Normal subjects 107JH GoldsteinLow visual acuity aids and pleoptic treatment. Their application 109In eccentric fixation following a loss of vision in the fixing eyeN Hudson, JW WalkerPleoptic treatment of adult patients using simple equipment 116G TillsonContact lenses used as occluders 120M Ruben, J WalkerA new E Chart 126GH JonkersHeterotopia of the Macula. Pseudo-eccentric fixation 129S Hudson-shawA case of acquired intermittent inferior oblique “palsy” 132PV Milles, MA Coate

BOJ Volume 25, 1968The Dual nature of human extra-ocular muscle 2NA LocketThe A and V phenomena 12A StanworthFactors influencing decompensation 29J MeinSome aspects of orthoptic treatment in cases of fully accommodative strabismus 37MB Unwin, JM RogersThe limitation of suppression to one half of the visual field in the 42Pathogenesis of strabismusMH GobinA New approach to esophoria 40S Mayou5 year survey of the use of occlusion in the treatment of eccentric fixation 66A DaysonReview of results of contact lens trial s at the orthoptic department of the 75Birmingham, Midland eye hospital between Jan 1966 and Sept 1967J Davies, M PanterA classification of intermittent squint 82G Roper-HallCase notes:Heredity in the superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome 91M Gowan , J LevyA case of co-existing normal and abnormal retinal correspondence 94HG Bredemeyer, K BullockCorrespondence: Pleoptics with children 97M CawoodFirst international congress of orthoptics, 1967 100BM Lee

BOJ Volume 26, 1969The objective assessment of visual function in young children 1RB HarcourtNeurophysiology and assessment of visual function in children 10OO FfooksSensory phenomena associated with suppression 15JA Pratt-JohnsonA Critical look at the significance of binocular vision 25W Martin WalkerMicrostrabismus 30J LangSmall-angle squints – theory and practice 38A StanworthFrom Orthophoria to microtropia 45RA CroneSurgery of the cornea 52D AinslieThe external ophthalmoplegia of myasthenia gravis 57IA Chisholm, A MarshallClinical electromyography of the extra ocular muscle 60IM StrachanConvergence accommodation and convergence excess 68EJ ArnottProblems in the treatment of squint 76CRS JacksonA medical teams visit to Afghanistan 80A GilbertsonObservations on disturbance of gaze movements 83RJS SmithThe cover test – a guide to its diagnostic and prognostic potential 91Y MaurerA survey of patients showing transfer of Amblyopia from the originally 103deviating eye to the originally fixing eye by means of occlusion therapyHM GoodierCase notes:Another case of co-existing abnormal retinal correspondence and 111Normal retinal correspondenceM WoolerConsecutive convergent squint in and infant 114C GoodParalysis of accommodation 116C Good

BOJ Volume 27, 1970Orthoptics in orbital injuries 3Orthoptic dept, Hallamshire hospital SheffieldInjuries around the orbit 37JB Garston, J KirkpatrickSubstitution movement in congenital horizontal gaze palsy 51ME Gowan, J Levy, RJS SmithOrbital wall fractures 58P FellsMalfunction of the superior oblique muscle 70EM Middleton, IA ChisholmGenetics and Duane‟s syndrome 74TH KirkhamDyslexia 82S NaidooAssessing the prognosis in strabismus 90V Rayner-smithReaction of children to hospitalization from strabismus surgery 100G Roper-hallStrabismus following measles vaccination 108TH Kirkham, VA MacLellanAn interoculatory treatment for eccentric amblyopias too old for usual 110MethodsL CasellatoEstimation of the AC/A ratio by comparison for near and distance 113Prism cover test measurementsS PlolychroniadisReversed or alternated eccentric fixation 118G Roper-hallA method of estimating near visual acuity in young children 123D CoxonCase note:A case of variable defective movement of the right superior oblique muscle 125S Foster

BOJ Volume 28, 1971Anomalous fusion in congenital trochlear paralysis 2R A Crone, N LafautFurther investigations of the AC/A ratio 11EJ Arnott, KT O‟CallaghanUnusual results of vertical muscle surgery 23A StanworthThe surgical management of the Duane syndrome and of sixth 32nerve paralysisMH Gobin, J BierlaaghOrthoptic investigation and management of orbital fractures 42R WattsDiagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in ectopia maculae 55M Chedgzoy, LMT CollumEarly surgery in strabismus patients 60C CalcuttPractical considerations for he use of contact lenses in orthoptics 66SP GordonSuperior oblique tendon sheath syndrome 70J MeinTreatment of eccentric fixation 77LJ PopeComputers in hospitals 83DW PorterTrial of black lined total occluders 93R WattsCase notes:Loss of fusion after removal of cerebellar tumour 97A Stanworth, J MeinLoss of central fixation following occlusion 99HA ThompsonA case of ophthalmoplegic migraine 102S turnerAcquired apparent superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome 112J Sims

BOJ Volume 29, 1972Hydrophilic contact lenses 1Contact lenses. Introduction: Aphakia, anisometropia and astigmatism 8A StanworthThe management of children in contact lenses 17JB JohnstonAn examination of a new method of screening young children for 22Defects in visual acuityCT HartOrbital fractures 25GM Bleeker, JPA Gillisen, TH Oei, HH Verkerk, HJ PetersSurvey adult cases treated with stepped Fresnel prisms 46MEA Dayson, RC KempsterSocial factors in strabismus a pilot study 56W Massoud, S Nissim, WM BarnardPatterned visually evoked responses in Amblyopia 62VJ Marmion, MA CoateThe treatment of Amblyopia in patients with latent nystagmus 70C Calcutt, W CookA view on research 73T PosnerCase notes:A case of cyclic oculomotor spasm in a Sudanese patient 76E Hadi, E Sheikh, A Gadir MohammedA case of occlusion Amblyopia with constant diplopia 80C ScottReview of literature 1971 84MH Fitton

BOJ Volume 30, 1973Disturbances of the supranuclear control of ocular movements 3G Roper-HallAcquired ocular palsy 17F Clifford RoseAspects of the Ocular vergence system 23TH KirkhamThe relevance of visual fields in orthoptics 31J NolanOcular manifestations of myasthenia gravis 38PE ClearyDiplopia as a presenting symptom 52JMS YappThe possibility of predicting the appearance of strabismus 66P KramarPrediction of strabismus. Family history and refractive error in children 74Under the age of 2 yearsRM InramA review of cases of squint referred from school clinics 81CRS Jackson, WO PetrieColour vision testing in ophthalmic disease 88IA ChisholmStrabismus and methods of space 92E Aulhorn, B Bagolini, R PigassouCase notes:An atypical case of musculofascial anomaly 101S PolychroniadisReview of literature, 1972 104MH Fitton

BOJ Volume 31, 1974Random dot stereograms 1JP FrisbyPeriodic alternating deviation with associated periodic alternating 9nystagmus, head turn and esotropiaG Roper-hallInvestigation methods in neurological disease 16JG GrahamAneurysm-induced oculomotor palsies with particular reference to aberrant 28regenerationV SpoonerSome skull deformities and their surgical correction 35JM SmailOrbital blow-out fractures. To operate or not to operate that is the question 47B Dulley, P FellsSome results of conventional occlusion 55HM GoodierA survey of cases of eccentric fixation in children up to 10 years of age, 59seen during the last 10 yearsA Pilgrim, S turnerA survey of Amblyopia treated by atropine occlusion 65AP Swann, CD HunterCyclotorsion – A New method of measurement 70B Dulley, A HardenThe Phase-difference haploscope of alhorn and its comparison in 78Clinical use with the synoptophoreV Rayner-smithDefective vision in children 83I A R BrownDefective accommodation in young children 91A Karseras, B Unwin, K WybarDefective dissociation of accommodation and convergence in dyslectic 96ChildrenE Hammerberg, MS NornCase notes:Hypotropia caused by thyroid dysfunction. A case of spontaneous recovery 99D ThornhillA case response to occlusion in secondary divergent squint 107P DobinsonA case of divergent paralysis 109S FosterReview of literature 1973 111HA Thompson

BOJ Volume 32, 1975A possible neurophysiological basis for Amblyopia 2H Ikeda, MJ WrightBilateral eccentric fixation 14J MeinThe assessment of visual function in young children 21JW HoweAcuity measurement in the young 28GV CatfordThe work of a paediatric assessment unit 34M HommersThe visually-evoked response 37J H KelseyThe superior oblique: Its actions and anomalies 43P FellsSingle medial rectus recession in convergent deviations 54R Gupta, I Gayed, A DaysonSurgical management or vertical deviations 59MH GobinDuction measurements in limited ocular rotations 70G Roper-HallAcquired paralytic squint in children 77J GibbOcular muscle palsy associated with skull-pelvic traction 87B LewisChronic progressive external Ophthalmoplegia 95G Roper-hall, RM Burde, TG KlingeleGlaucoma techniques: The role of the Orthoptist 103L Foster, C WorthamThe enigmatic squint 111GS WilletsOphthalmic miniature:A true subjective uniocular test in “free space” for depth perception 118M WessonCase notes:Alternating sursumduction developing after surgery in identical twins 119J WoolleyTwo cases of unilateral vertical nystagmus 122P TC Docherty, C LeeA Case of consecutive Esotropia 124J DaviesReview of literature, 1974 126H A Thompson

BOJ Volume 33, 1976Management of Glaucoma in a general hospital 3F Barnett, PG WatsonCerebrovascular disease and the eye 12R CapildeoThe influence of laterality on Anisometropic Amblyopia 17V Rayner-smithThe changing role of orthoptics in dyslexia 22P DunlopOcular side-effects of drugs 29J WhitwellThe development of sight 37M RubenPrognosis for binocular vision in monocular trauma 44V Greenstein, JH Goldstein, RI Adler and E KarpProjection and diplopia 48M AmphlettVertical gaze anomalies 58G Roper hallMyasthenia gravis and cranial nerve palsies 67C DoddMoebius‟s syndrome 69PH Bannister, J Walker, K WybarOrthoptic aspects of squint surgery 78V MacLellan, J HughesThe use of optical penalization in the treatment of Amblyopia 89SE HoughtonTreatment of concomitant Esotropia with fresnel prisms 93CF FreemanThe Pinnick double prism 100ME KellyOphthalmic miniature:What‟s in a name 101An Orthoptic saga 101CF FreemanReview of literature, 1975 102HA Hinchlifffe

BOJ Volume 34, 1977Occlusion and dominance: Their effect on Amblyopia 1MD Amphlett, GJ SmithsonOcclusion and Amblyopia 11RM Ingram, S Rogers, C WalkerThe place of the Orthoptist in visual screening of pre-school children 23report of a pilot survey in AyrshireB Roy, M Cameron, DH Paterson, WOG Taylor, JH CameronArea vision screening 26AV MacLellanAspects of visual field examination 34C WorthamThe causes and assessment of visual field defects in young children 46JW HoweBinocular ocular movement simulator 54Y Maurer, AH WallThe rotating light test in the treatment of eccentric fixation 67E Lowndes-YatesIntra-ocular lenses 72SPB PercivalVisual Hallucinations 77DW SumnerHead injuries following road traffic accidents 83MF PorterAn Orthoptic guide to internuclear ophthalmoplegia 90S JohnsonSpontaneous recovery in bilateral superior oblique 96Tendon sheath syndromeJ TapleyUnilateral vertical nystagmus 101L FinchCraniopharyngioma giving rise to see-saw nystagmus 104J ArthurReview of literature, 1976 106HA Hinchliffe

BOJ Volume 35, 1978New treatment for Amblyopia 1RV Banks, FW Campbell, R Hess, PG WatsonHistorical review of literature concerning the aetiology of Amblyopia 13(1959-1975)F JohnsonAn Appraisal of the surgical treatment of horizontal squint 22MBR Mathalone, C CalcuttResults of the treatment of convergence insufficiency 28EB SchwyerThe assessment by an Orthoptist of a group of children attending remedial 40Reading classesV SpoonerClinical evaluation of Stereopsis 46HA HinchcliffeThe testing and recording of ocular movements 58J MeinVascular lesions in the cavernous sinus 65JL CromptonOcular motor defects in ophthalmic zoster 78B Dulley, V Kelly, R MarshThe increase of hypermetropia in children 83C WorthamCase notes:A case late repair of inferior rectus muscle avulsion 91BM Cooper, RM BrownCyclic Esotropia 97ME NeathamA Case study of defective accommodation following a viral infection 100JB BrownCongenital manifest jerky nystagmus, oscillopsia, and abnormal head posture 110E Curran, G BuchananDancing eyes syndrome 112JJ ClarkeDuane‟s-Ehlers Danlos syndrome 114K Mavromichali-IoannouA case of vertical microtropia 118JA ShortlandReview of literature, 1977 121J Hughes

BOJ Volume 36, 1979The visually-evoked potential 1NR GallowayUltrasonography in ocular diagnosis 7JS HillmanA review of Ophthalmic ultrasonography 18M Le MayOrthoptic management of learning disability 25P DunlopAniseikonia in corrected anisometropia 36PV MilleIndications for surgery of the A and V phenomena 45MH GoblinPenalization as the primary treatment of strabismic Amblyopia 57HE Willshaw, F JohnsonOrthoptics in the gulf 63FA Hosni, J GreenProblems of accommodation and convergence in young adolescents 70J TremlettFirst catch your squint 78AV MacLellanPain in and around the eye 84E TurnerThat wretched deduction 87HW RoseCase notesBilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and left 6 th and 7 th nerve palsy 94J MeinA case of orbital dermoid cyst 98R LongA case of micro-exotropia with associated exophoria and corneal ulceration 103A MillsA review of literature, 1978 107J Hughes

BOJ Volume 37, 1980A research project on learning problems in children 1W EvansNew evidence for “visual ambilaterality” in Some dyslexics 11MS Fowler, JF SteinThe investigation of patients with supranuclear and internuclear 16lesions with special references to the role of OrthoptistA HorwoodCentres and pathways concerned with ocular movements 30HE WillshawPreliminary survey on the cam visual stimulator 36JJ Clarke, A Malmheden, A E Williams, L DeanThe cam visual stimulator in everyday orthoptic use 40A Malmheden, L DeanAlternative uses of the cam visual stimulator 42AE WilliamsThe Cam visual stimulator in everyday orthoptic use 44JJ ClarkeA controlled test of the cam treatment for Amblyopia 47GD Sullivan, LJ FollowfieldDuane‟s retraction syndrome reconsidered 56EM WaddellLate onset of Duane‟s syndrome associated with friedreichs ataxia 66RF MehtaA wider concept of Stereopsis 71DB Dunlop, P Dunlop, RA NeillBar reading book for children 82GM MacLureThe finer points in ophthalmology 89DB GoulstineOrthoptics in Rhodesia 96S ParkinsonCase notes:An interesting case of pseudostrabismus 101C WilkinsonTwo cases of vertical deviation 103C MurrayCorrespondenceThe Frisby stereotest. Amended instructions 108JP FrisbyA review of literature, 1979 113L Rossiter

BOJ Volume 38, 1981Contrast sensitivity 1DA ArnoldTheory and practise in the treatment of Amblyopia 6PG Watson, RV BanksMiotics in the treatment of squint: A re-appraisal 17GV Catford, A WilsonEarly treatment of infant Esotropia 23P Dunlop, DB DunlopFindings in superior oblique palsy 31A FoxSelective enhancement of superior oblique function by anterior extension 37Of its insertionMJ Roper-hall, ME WessonNystagmus 45PJL HunterThe clinical characteristics of micro-exotropia 54F Johnson, LAP Cunha, RB HarcourtWhat information is hidden in the diagnosis of exophoria 60MP NielsenVision screening of handicapped children in special schools in South Wales 68ME KellyAn unexpected improvement in binocular functions after surgery 72J HughesThe whole child 76A RaikesLaurence/Moon/Beidl syndrome 79W CunliffeIs it organic? 82JC BrownCase notes:An unusual case of alternate-day squint (or cyclic Esotropia) 85L JohnsonReview of literature, 1980 87ME Kelly

BOJ Volume 39, 1982Ocular motility disorders associated with thyroid disease 1B HarcourtDiseases of the extra-ocular muscles 7STD RoxburghHorizontal movement disorders of the eye 12J O‟DayBrown‟s syndrome 17E WaddellVertical gaze, it‟s control and disorders 22DJ SpaltonThe natural and unnatural history of a blow-out fracture 29E Waddell, P Fells, L KoornneefTransfer of fixation in patients having occlusion treatment for 33Strabismic AmblyopiaAA AssafPartial oculomotor nerve palsy possibly due to bromocriptine 42FA Hosni, A FirthThe control of intra-ocular lens power 46JS HillmanAccommodative anomalies 51A McIntyre, J Alexander, C Brown, E Jaron, A Pasteweska, A Patel, C RyanC Self and L WattsEffect of light intensity on the prevalence of Exotropia in strabismus populations 55PH BergClinical observations on the withdrawal test of symmetrical negative 57convergence in EsotropiaMM LewisCase notes:Cyclic oculomotor paralysis including case report 59GC Walker, JM HudsonA case of congenital cyclic oculomotor spasm 62JMS Yapp, GA SuttonAn interesting case of intermittent Esotropia 64KJ McKeownAn atypical case of vertical retraction syndrome 70J Roberts, OP SikkaBrown‟s syndrome in identical twins 73A Finlay, S PowellReview of literature, 1981 78ME Kelly

BOJ Volume 40, 1983The asymmetrical optokinetic response 1J MeinRetinal detachment and orthoptics 5E WaddellThe ocular manifestations of endocrine disease 13DQ Borsey, RW NewtonThe eye in multiple sclerosis 21WN MacLeod, I BoneOcular motility consequences of trauma and their management 26J LeeFractures of the middle third of the face 34NE MarchantSubdural haematoma associated with arachnoid cysts 40SC SullivanConsideration of ocular motor dominance as an aetiological factor in 43some orthoptic problemsMS Fowler, JF SteinObservations on the role of the Orthoptist in a paediatric assessment centre 46JE ClewerIndication for the use of contact lenses in the amblyopic and strabismic infant 56C CalcuttLow incidence of consecutive eso deviation following surgical correction of 60exo deviation P Hutt bergAnisometropia in congenital unilateral ptosis – A survey 63P TillA case of recurrent third nerve palsy 66NB RudgeThe alleged cause of heterotropia 70A Firth, C brewerReview of literature, 1982 75

BOJ Volume 41, 1984On the assessment of contrast threshold functions for anomalous vision 1RF HessThe two-pencil test and the new Lang stereotest 15J LangPregnancy and ocular problems 22AY FirthThe influence of recent contact lens advances upon their use in children 30T BuckinghamOcular findings in newly-diagnosed hyperthyroidism 37MA Johnstone, RA Edwards, EE Kritzinger, R WilkinsonRefraction in children using the Rx1 auto-refractor 46E EvansPrevalence of squint and Amblyopia on the island of Curacao 53B Devries, WA Houtman, J Van BochoveNoonan‟s syndrome in association with browns superior oblique tendon 58Sheath syndromeIG Calder, HE WillshawRecipe for research 60AD ClaydenResults of surgery in distance Exotropia 66R WickensThe management of orbital tumours 73P McLeod KyleA new picture visual acuity test 77H KayCase notesExophthalmos or proptosis? A case report 81SC SullivanPossible drug-induced paresis of accommodation 83G PenneyReview of literature, 1983 85

BOJ Volume 42, 1985Superior oblique myokymia 1GC walkerThe one-and-a-half syndrome 5EA Howrie, HE WillshawNeonatal eye movements: Normal and abnormal 10A FielderBotulism, botulinum toxin and strabismus 16JS ElstonTiming of surgery in congenital strabismus 20JP LeeAssessment and stimulation of vision in multiple-handicapped children 26W HarrisonHydrocephalus 32AMP KellyPaediatric oncology – selected orthoptic case studies 36R AuldThe crowding phenomenon and its significance in senile macular 45DegenerationMP Rubenstein, J UnderwoodA new linear picture vision test 54R ElliotKirshenbaum‟s procedure in nystagmus 58C FernandezComputer modelling of the macular factors involved in the 65Aetiology of A and V syndromesRA Clement, A HowrieVisual requirements for motorists 69JV PlentyCase reportsThe case of craniofacial dysostosis syndrome of Apert 72JW WalkerConsecutive cyclic Esotropia 79EM HawkesReversible ophthalmoplegia in Wernicke‟s syndrome 83A MurrayReview of literature, 1984 84ME KellyOrthoptic miniature binocular vision 88MC Masters

BOJ Volume 43, 1986Contrast sensitivity in alternating deviations 1AY FirthInteractions 10R McNamaraThe teachers assessment of functional vision in visually 19handicapped childrenA BestA study of the visual defects detected in children with cerebral palsy 22and children with downs syndromeGA Shentall, G HoskingMyasthenia gravis as a side effect of d-penicillamine treatment 26A HorwoodSuppression behaviour in Duane patients older than 17 years of age 34MF Hoogesteger, YS Everhard-HalmLasers and their use in ophthalmology 29JSH JacobVision screening with laser 43MP RubensteinComputer modelling of anomalous innervation of the extra-ocular 56MusclesA Howrie, RA ClementLow vision aids 61AM MackieStrabismus: the role of the anaesthetic 65AM MackieThe importance of birth history in the aetiology of strabismus 68G KervickCase notesA case of miller fisher syndrome 72S FranpoonHurlers syndrome – a case study 75J WarringtonOrthoptic miniature aniso-hypermetropia 80H Glover

BOJ Volume 44, 1987Hypertrophy and shrinkage of neurons in the lateral geniculate 4nucleus of infant monkeys following visual deprivationJJ SloperNeurological field defects 15N SarkiesOculinum the orthoptic involvement 25P DunlopRole of Botulinum toxin in the treatment of squint – current indications 28CM Powell, JP Lee, JS ElstonThe acuity card procedure: Its use in orthoptics 34D Price, C Minshull, M Moseley, A FielderOrthoptic assessment and treatment within a child development 39centre team: some aspects of 14 years experienceW HarrisonOrthoptics: An important aspect of paediatric assessment 48L WestlyThe abused child 50G wearingThe treatment of convergence excess Esotropia in the myopic patient 55C CalcuttThe AC/A ratio in intermittent Exotropia 59JV PlentyA comparison of sighting dominance and the reference eye in 64reading disabled childrenPM Riddell, JF Stein, MS FowlerCase notes:Acquired Duane‟s retraction syndrome 70CF FreemanA case of myasthenia gravis 77JK Hoole

BOJ Volume 45, 1988Assessment of the patient with pathological nystagmus 1GN DuttonCerebrovascular accident and the Orthoptist 8CF Freeman, NB RudgeA new classical for intermittent Exotropia 19JV PlentyStereo-acuity in optic nerve disease 23PG Griffiths, J VollerInconsistency or stereo-acuity results using the frisby stereotest 26J Voller, PG GriffithsSome aspects of eyelid surgery 30ED AllenOcular associations of congenital blepharoptosis – A retrospective study 37TD Dowd, A PattersonOrthoptic management of visual dyslexia 40MC MastersThe effect of varying vergence speed and target size on the 49amplitude of vergence eye movementsMS Fowler, PM Riddell, JF SteinVisual defects in children with hearing impairment 56H Wager, K WhaleBrachial arch syndrome 59LA Pawelczyke, KE SmithProblems of establishing a photo-refraction screening programme 66T SmellieHistopathology of extra-ocular muscle in unilateral congenital third 70nerve palsyCV Clark, B McCarry, A McCartney, P FellsCase notes:The guillain-barre syndrome and ophthalmoplegia 74D price, NJ PriceLeft Duane‟s retractions syndrome associated with dissociated 78vertical divergence – a case reportM Clarke, FM Johnson, B HarcourtCorrection of V Pattern Esotropia by unilateral surgery – a case study 82CM O‟HareThe problems of Pseudo-strabismus 86JB Brown, WM Haining

BOJ Volume 46, 1989Ocular defects in children from birth to 6 years of age 3JA Kendall, MA Stayte, C WorthamOrthoptic visual screening at 3 ½ years of age by 7Huntingdon health authorityR BeardsellOrthoptists as pre-school screeners: a 2 year study 14RS Edwards, AJ Whitelaw, AG AbbottAn assessment of the present system for visual screening of 20school children in NottinghamSJ Hardman Lea, The orthoptics staff of University Hospital Nottinghamand SM HaworthSpectacle prescribing for children in the hospital eye department 26MP Rubinstein, J Loades, SJ Hardman LeaThe management of paediatric cataracts a retrospective study 30R AuldOcular motility problems following road traffic accidents 40R Fitzsimons, P FellsThe effect of lateral incomitance in intermittent Exotropia 49LP MartinContact lenses in accommodative Esotropia therapy 59C CalcuttPreferential looking: The state of the art 66CM Pearson, A Chandna, RML DoranContra lateral inferior oblique surgical requirements following 73unilateral weakeningC MacEwan, C MacLellanChild abuse – A growing awareness 80CJ HobbsSome syndromes affecting the eyes seen in the neonatal period 88AGR RennieSquint in the dysmorphic child 93J WalkerThe clumsy child 98RJ PurvisThe education of the visually handicapped 102EA AinsworthAmblyopia treatment in microstrabismus 109YS Everhard-Halm, LJJM Mailette de Bay WenningerprickAnisometropia: Cause of Amblyopia or result of underlying retinal defect? 112AY FirthOcular motility problems following orbital decompression 117F Kinsela, P Kyle, A StansfieldSkew Deviation 120G O‟ConnorCase notes:Reduced accommodation in asthmatic young adults 123VT AlmgillA case of third nerve palsy with delayed recovery 125PTC Docherty, L Pope

BOJ Volume 47, 1990Eyes and the Turner syndrome: a nationwide survey 6MC MastersSome considerations in the management of paediatric cataracts 11HE WilshawAspects of the neutral control of eye movements 23CJK EllisBotulinum toxin: An alternative to surgery in symptomatic exodeviations 31JM Bernstein, JP LeeSurgery for distance Exotropia 38DB Clements, LA JohnsonUp and downshoots in Duane‟s retraction syndrome treated by lateral rectus 41Fade operationJP Burke, HP Orton, IM StrachanOptokinetic nystagmus and the age at onset of strabismus 44A HooperA revolution in time 48JS Allen, SE JohnsonAre your glasses correct 53SE Johnson, JS AllenThe effectivity of screening: a comparative study of visual screening 57SM AllenLow vision training – the role of the partially sighted society 61J ThomasBack to basics: Assessment of binocular convergence in Esotropia 67DM MooreCyclophoria – a simple measuring device 70JB BrownPrematurely born triplets displaying different types of esodeviation 76DR Trew, CE AinslieGeneral Fibrosis syndrome – keeping it in the family 82SMAllenCase notes:A case of lateral rectus palsy following contrast myelography 87JA Bell, J Eastaugh, TC Dowd, RE Gillis, GG McIlwaineTreatment of intermittent distance Exotropia 90FJ RoweThe Aetiology of squint 94JV Plenty

BOJ Volume 48, 1991Orthoptic investigation of neurological patients undergoing rehabilitation 2MS Fowler, AJ Richardson, JF SteinManagement of congenital anomalies and cranio-facial trauma 8L BenjaminHypertelorism 13JW WalkerOrthoptic interaction with the craniofacial unit at Oxford 16SM CzypionkaVisual acuity: a comparison of 3 and 6 metres test distance 21KE Bryant, EM Gay, CD Hazell, SP Harris, TM Hollingsworth, MJ MoselyBlepharoptosis – aetiology, management and outcome in 500 consecutive cases 25AA McNab, A Dunlop, JRO CollinThe treatment of Amblyopia – a historical review 28B UnwinThe incidence of refractive error and anomalies of binocular vision in infants 32A Bruce, MNA Hurst, H Abbott, H HarrisonDuane‟s retraction syndrome – bilateral until proven otherwise 36FJ Rowe, M-L Wong, CJ MacEwanThe Dunlop test – fact or fiction? 39CYM Buckley, JL RobertsonAn initial study of the treatment of intermittent Exotropia by minus 41overcorrectionPJ Donaldson, EG KempDetection of crowding at an earlier age 44SE Johnson, JA SparksCan orthoptics refract? 46PE Arnold, BA Billingham, McGarricle, B HopkinsonCase notes:Sudden reduced vision in a fully-accommodative Esotropia 48PS EdwardsA case of Gradenigo‟s syndrome following otitis media 50LA JohnsonSixth nerve palsy associated with a carotid cavernous sinus fistula 52GG Mcllwaine, D Brosnahan, RM McFadzean, J Prentice, V GloverA Case of miller fisher syndrome 55JR Murdoch, V Glover, M ClearyAn Orthoptist in Romania 57S Jocelyne Williams

BOJ Volume 49, 1992The crowding phenomenon – can it be detected by the preferential 1looking test?A McIntyre, C HoggBilateral Amblyopia in children can be improved by yellow filters 7MS Fowler, AJ Richardson, AJS Mason, JF SteinInfant screening programme: screening for refractive errors in 12infants with a family history of strabismus – will early detectionpredict later visual problems?S Anker, J Atkinson, W Bobier, J Tricklebank, J Wattam-bellAcquired mechanical restriction of eye movement 15RB TrimbleSuperior oblique palsy with associated browns syndrome 18DR Trew, E LucasThe incidence of visual abnormalities in children presenting to learning 22Difficulties clinicsE Lucas, CB James, V QuinnA preliminary appraisal of the Irlen screening process for scotopic sensitivity 25syndrome and the effect of irlen coloured overlays on readingLJC Kydd, GFM Sutherland, PM MCGettrickDevelopment of dominance in the central binocular field 31P DunlopAdverse ocular effects of systemic drugs. An Orthoptists guide 36JA SparksGlaucoma in children 39NR HawksworthCase notes:Fibrous dysplasia – an uncommon cause of pseudosquint 44JR Murdoch, A BetneyAnisometropic exotropic Amblyopia associated with unilateral peripapillary46myelinated fibresE Ronen, B Bieder, Y YassurOcular motility in porencephaly 48TV de Alwys

BOJ Volume 50, 1993The outcome of pre-school family screening 1RS Edwards, AG Abbott, AJ WhitelawA new look at crowding 2C Sparks, JA Sparks, S JohnsonAudit of outcome – meaningless data or a measure of the quality of care? 7R BeardsleyA comparison of children‟s cycloplegic refractions obtained from an 11auto refractor and by retinoscopySH Dai, RM IngramAccommodative and convergence insufficiency following whiplash injuries 19HR Orton, JP BurkeIncidence of ocular anomalies in children referred for a Dunlop test 22JA Sparks, PE WaddinghamA chequerboard test for field of binocular single vision 25SR Perry, E Newcomb, RA HarrodPost-operative levels of stereo-acuity following surgical correction of constant 33and intermittent distance ExotropiaPE WaddinghamInfantile Esotropia: current concepts in aetiology and management 37C CalcuttThe early development of binocular single vision in normal infants 42AM HarwoodThe attributed effects of visual display units on the general and 47ocular health of the operator – literature reviewJ BallantyneThe care of elderly people in hospital - the Orthoptists role 51S CareyTeam work in rehabilitation 54HA Ali, V Simpson, E Ellis, S Martin, S Walker, L GannonCase notes:Brown‟s syndrome: a rare aetiology 58MY Khan, N Edwards, R HoldenHorizontal gaze palsy associated with pontine haemorrhage 62NHV Chong, JR Murdoch, M ClearyTreatment of lateral rectus palsy secondary to cerebellar medulloblastoma with 64botulinum toxin in a childIM Armitage, ME NelsonLate onset acute concomitant convergent squint – spontaneous recovery 66S Haider, C Flowers

BOJ Volume 51, 1994An evaluation of cases referred to hospital by the Newcastle pre-school 1orthoptic serviceC MilneA Study of children with minor visual defects referred from Primary 6School screeningPS Carney, P NortonStrabismus documentations: an alternative approach 10EA O‟FlynnClarification of the correct and incorrect use of ophthalmic prisms 15in the measurement of strabismusAY Firth, JP WhittleThe Cardiff acuity test in amblyopic children 19AM HorwoodEvaluation of the binocular Polaroid test and the four dioptre test in the 23Detection of central suppressionPE WaddingtonWhat is normal vision using vernier strips? 27J Suharwardy, B HopkissonThe incidence of symptom-producing near exophoria with or without a 30convergence defect and associated neurological diseaseA MillsA report of a clinical audit of the management of convergence insufficiency 35HR WicksBotulinum toxin in the management of heterophoria 38EG Lymburn, CJ MacEwanPre-operative prism adaption in acquired Esotropia 41JP Burke, WE Scot, SA StewartErgonomics or orthoptics? 45E LucasShould Orthoptists screen orbital injury cases 50JK Hoole, RM McNamaraFirst steps in planning an eye survey 53LA Wright, CV BunceThe role of accommodation in the maintenance of steady state binocular 55single visionJD Green, JA BurneCase notesA Case of tolosa-hunt syndrome 58MT O‟SullivanBinocular single vision restored after 3 ½ years of intractable diplopia 61JK HooleA Case of congenital bilateral oculomotor paresis 64T Cumpstay

BOJ Volume 52, 1995Evaluation of the frisby screening plate and Lang II stereotest in primary 1vision screening in pre-school childrenGM SmithApparent hearing loss in congenital ocular motor apraxia 5FJ RoweEvaluation of the Cardiff acuity test in uniocular Amblyopia 8D Hazell“Shades of grey” a case study of achromatopsia 16G Henderson, J ClarkeConvergence and accommodative insufficiency associated with superior 21oblique myokymiaPE WaddingtonFully Accommodative Esotropia in adolescence 25RH Taylor, IM Armitage, JP BurkeIs fixation preference assessment an effective method of detecting 29strabismus Amblyopia?C CalcuttSurgical management of a patient with browns syndrome in Sri Lanka 32Rm McNamara, K FonsekaVisual assessment of patients with cerebrovascular accident on the elderly 38Care wardsC ClisbyIs 6/9 visual acuity acceptable? Are we screening standards to high? 41JM Hardy, SA Brailsford, JD Anderson, C MilneFurther clarification on the use of ophthalmic prisms in the measurement of 48strabismus: the isosceles prism versus the right angled prismAY Firth, JP WhittleCase notesBinocular diplopia caused by a pterygium – a case note 50YC Yang, P ShahA Case of Aicardis syndrome associated with divergent squint 52J Ashworth, JR Murdoch, JL NobleA Case of congenital cyclic oculomotor palsy 55J FordA Case of dorsal midbrain syndrome associated with demyelination 57S Clarke, NJ SarkiesConvergence paralysis in a patient with sickle cell disease 60SM AllenAn interesting fracture of the orbital floor 63MJ Logan

BOJ Volume 53, 1996Visual disturbances in chiasmal lesions 1FJ RoweMeasurements of visual acuity using the smelling test in situations of blur 10EK TippingsIs colour vision affected by Amblyopia? 17AJ StarlingOcular motility disturbances in benign intracranial hypertension 22FJ RoweA comparison of AC/A ratio measurement using the gradient method at near 25and distance fixationJ GageIs congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction a risk factor for the development 29of Amblyopia?R Chalmers, PG GriffithsAnisometropia. Orthoptics and early diagnosis make the difference 31A Collins, J HannahThe outcome of orthoptic screening in Aberdeen in 1990 36S Winder, A Farquhar, GKM Nah, WH Church, AGR RennieCultural factors to consider in the community eye clinic 39EJ JamesBangerter foils: a new approach to the management of pathological intractable 43DiplopiaA McIntyre, P FellsPost –traumatic suppression loss and confusion following closed head injury 48DK Parkinson, JP BurkeThe method of testing and recording of the post-operative diplopia test 51C Gray, A Ansons, A SpencerCase notesOsteoporosis 54R RussellDuane‟s retraction syndrome associated with an acquired 57contra lateral lateral rectus palsyJ ShortPersistent Esotropia following recovery of sixth nerve 60WH Hockney

BOJ Volume 54, 1997Prism fusion range: blur point, break point and recovery point 2J Narbheram, AY FirthVisual electrophysiological testing of young children 7MA Deacon, T KrissThe presenting features of parinaud's dorsal midbrain syndrome 20FJ RoweAn historical look at fresnel 24M Henderson, J WylieNormal and abnormal head and eye movements in reading and their role 29In the classification and management of dyslexiaMA JonesVisual anomalies in dyslexia: a review of the literature 34CG GordonOrthoptic visual screening of pre-school children in Honk Kong 40G Leung, M Leung, U Ng, R TsuiLong-term stability of adjustable strabismus surgery 44PAC Tiffin, G Coyle, CJ MacEwenThe effectiveness of inferior oblique z-plasty in V-pattern strabismus due 48to primary inferior oblique overactionYC yang, A Ward, S Collar, A ChandaAnomalous accommodative response in high AC/A ratio convergence excess 51EsotropiaC Calcutt, P KinnearHypo-accommodative Esotropia 54EL JamesAccommodative defects in children and young adults 58C Calcutt, P KinnearCase notesConvergence insufficiency with esophoria 61P Watts, J Doran, G HorneToxocara as a cause of Pseudo-hypertropia occurring with actual 63hypodeviation of the same eyeJK Hoole, OH Nelson, K DaveyTotal ptosis: an unusual presentation of metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma 67S Harun, LA Baxter, J Fuller, IS Levi

BOJ Volume 55, 1998The role of diagnostic occlusion in distance Exotropia 2KJ WalklatePrism adaption versus diagnostic occlusion in constant concomitant acquired 8EsotropiaL BakerAn analysis of the post-operative benefits of using pre-operative prism 15adaption in acquired esotropiasCJ NaveIs the orthoptic review of patients with no apparent deviation at Lincoln 23orthoptic department time well spent?P KingThe effect of removing vision testing from child surveillance programmes 26RM McNamara, S DuckworthComparison of the efficacy of inferior oblique myectomy and recession 32In the treatment of inferior oblique muscle overactionTL ShipmanAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and ocular movement problems 38EA TomlinBilateral Duane‟s syndrome occurring in three generations of one family 41SC TurnerDiagnostic applications of botulinum toxin: regarding the sensory status of 45patients with strabismusEG Lymburn, CJ MacEwanAssessment of crossed and uncrossed disparity with the frisby test 48S Khana, G Henderson, M ClearyThe use of fixation disparity for determining AC/A ratios 53KL Heyes, JP WhittleEsterman driving tests using Humphrey automated perimetry 57FR RoweOrthoptic reports: descriptive or graphic? 66G HendersonSocial and psychological implications of strabismus 75MA DeaconCase notes“what‟s this whooshing in my head?” case report of carotid-cavernous fistulae 79presenting with diplopia and ptosisL Cobb

BOJ Volume 56, 1999A review of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in infants and children 1S Garbutt, CM HarrisOrthoptics‟ current shared care role in ophthalmology 11B McCarryThe role of Orthoptists in biometry 19RS Edwards, AR Davis, JL ShillingDetecting children who will benefit from treatment in an orthoptic clinic for 22Specific learning difficultiesR McNamara„A model of care‟: looking at the referral, diagnostic and clinical outcomes of an 31integrated screening programme, 1995/6 to 1998K TownsendComparison between methods of threshold estimation in the measurement of 37visual acuityAJ Simmers, LS Gray, PV McGrawBifoveal binocular single vision following recovery of microtropia 45VS Henshall, FJ RoweThird cranial nerve palsy/paresis: history and prognosis 49FJ Rowe, T EarissAcquired sixth nerve palsy in childhood 53G Henderson, R McKayBlow-out fractures: recovery of ocular motility defects after orbital floor surgery 58L Ballantine, CJ MacEwenOrthoptic assessment in a schizophrenic population 65GM O‟Mullane, PC Knox, R GrayThe effect of red/green filters on TNO stereo-acuity 69K Tutte, J Whittle, H DavisDoes ocular dominance influence the measurement of fusional amplitude? 72J Hainey, M Cleary, L WrightDevelopment of a machine-readable orthoptic case record 77BC Reeves, C Macintosh, T Deave for the PEOTA GroupCase notes:Bilateral Duane‟s syndrome associated with mental retardation inherited in an 87apparently X-linked patternD Ah-Kine, S Sadiq, RMC Gregson

BOJ Volume 57, 2000Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 1PG Griffiths, RM AndrewsDo patients with convergence insufficiency show a profile of significant 11psychological distress?T Massey, J KinceyThe symptoms of raised intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial 15hypertensionFJ RoweSurgical management of sixth nerve palsy 19TN Theodorou, A AnsonsDioptre for dioptre? Is there a relationship between refractive error and angle of 23strabismus?TY Malik, EG Lymburn, CJ MacEwanLow vision services in Africa 28MT O‟SullivanComparison of snellen and log based acuity scores for school-aged children 32C StewartThe Ayrdale Vision screening programme: a comparison of referral rates between 39two pre-school age groupsL MulleyPrism vergence measurements following adaption to a base out prism 42LC Tuff, AY Firth, HJ GriffithsThe torsionometer: a comparability study 45J Davidson, M ClearyCyclofusion: a literature review 50C LazenbyCase notesThe hazards of gardening: two case studies 54SL HughesAtypical strabismic fixation reversal due to submacular membrane with 57vitreous haemorrhageFJ RoweRadiotherapy in thyroid eye disease: possible beneficial effect on the orthoptic 59status of patientsF Howarth, JA Dewar, CJ MacEwan

BOJ Volume 58, 2001The statistical review 1J WebsterSpasm of the near reflex: a literature review 3A McIntyreA review of reading difficulties in relation to saccadic and visual anomalies in 12very low birth weight childrenD Newsham, PC KnoxEducation attainment associated with ophthalmic morbidity in a low birth 19weight populationAR O‟Connor, TJ Stephenson, A Johnson, MJ Obin, S Ratib, AR FielderWhen is surgery indicated for distance Exotropia? 24SR RichardsonAn investigation of the impact of occlusion therapy on children with 30Amblyopia, it‟s effects on their families, and compliance with treatmentLC ParkesIs Stereopsis linked to hand-eye co-ordination? 38S Joy, H Davis, D BuckleyConvergence insufficiency with associated superior oblique weakness 42FJ Rowe, J Swift, CP NoonanRefraction after contact lens removal, and a comparison of binocularity in 45contact lenses and spectaclesSK Goyal, JP WhittleCase notes:Alternate-day hypotropia following retinal detachment surgery 49P King, H WortleyA case of third cranial nerve palsy following recurrent meningitis 53RM GroomA Case of Gradenigo‟s syndrome in a young child 55S C TurnerSixth nerve and contra lateral fourth nerve palsies associated with diabetes 59and hypertensionVS Henshall, AE RyderSpontaneous Pulfrich‟s phenomenon occurring with Meares-Irlen syndrome 62J ClarkAtaxia Telangiectasia 64T WoodStrabismus associated with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma 66B McCarryOcular palatal myoclonus following cerebellar and brain stem infarct, 71ocular motility and recoveryLD Stuart, CL Edrich

BOJ Volume 59, 2002Editorial stance on duplicate and salami publication 1AY FirthPreferential looking and grating acuity in the assessment of vision 3SJ SheaThe effect of ageing in eye movement : A literature review 12JH Davidson, PC KnoxDiagnostic, aetiological and management considerations in accommodative 19insufficiencyVS Henshall, FJ RoweAniseikonia and it‟s effect on binocular function: a review 23C Stewart, J WhittleReduced adduction following lateral transportation of the vertical rectus 30muscles for sixth nerve palsyH Murgatroyd, I Fleming, C MacEwenThe effect of fresnel prisms on binocular vision 33ES Moreland, HJ GriffithsIs there a relationship between prism fusion range and vergence facility? 38AC Melville, AY FirthThe relationship between the strength of sensory fusion and motor fusion 45AmplitudeGE Hocking, JE GageDetection of glaucoma: the role of visual fields 50CE Coyle, JD Ellis, CJ MacEwanUse of log MAR Charts for the measurement of visual acuity in orthoptic 53departments throughout the UKC StewartCase notes:Concomitant Esotropia following sixth cranial nerve palsy 57FJ Rowe, CP NoonanA case of intraorbital injury 60M LoganA case of moebius syndrome with vertical muscle involvement, not 63Well recognised by the literatureGCI batesSpasmus nutans: A case review 67SE AshurstIsolated abducens nerve palsy without diplopia occurring in ophthalmoplegic 69migraineG Horne, R Bhola, S Kheterpal

BOJ Volume 60, 2003Sixty yet still active 1A Y FirthSupranuclear and internuclear control of eye movements: a review 2F RoweStroke re-visited: visual problems following stroke and their effect on 10RehabilitationC MacintoshVariability in automated visual fields: a literature review 15I Cunningham, PC KnoxAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder: do we know what we are dealing with? 21S RomeThe orthoptic „slant‟ on patients undergoing macular translocation 28JV Mehta, D Wong, J Wylie, BJ YoungThe effect of ageing on the range of ocular movements and convergence 34JH Davidson, PC KnoxBlur point versus indistinguishable point assessment of accommodation: 41Objective and subjective findings in early presbyopesE Goodall, AY FirthEvaluation of the sbisa bar for the measurement of sensory fusion 45EJ Knowles, HJ GriffithsCase notesTransient inferior rectus, inferior and superior oblique palsy followed 49Arterial ligation for epistaxisM Forkin, DA ParkinA case report of the use of prism glasses to alleviate the effects of 52Meniere‟s diseaseT CrowleyPrimary levator synkinesis associated with downgaze 55CA Jackson, V SalisburyMacular translocation for patient with age-related macular degeneration 57JM Wylie, BJ Young, JV Mehta, D WongMacular translocation: 2 case reports of counter-rotation of the globe for 61Monocular torsionAJ PriceThe use of blue tint glasses in patients with multiple sclerosis, and others with 64„motion disturbance‟C MacIntosh

BIOJ. Volume 1, 2004The development of convergence and accommodation 1AM Horwood, PM RiddellOcular sequelae form the illicit use of class A drugs 10AY FirthTraumatic oculomotor nerve palsy: a literature review 19S ChristieNeuroimaging in Amblyopia: a literature review 24CA JukesAttention visual fields analysis amongst stroke survivors 32I Cunningham, FJ Rowe, PC Knox, AC Fisher, C JackThe effect of diabetes and ageing on the initiation of smooth pursuit 37eye movementJH Davidson, PC KnoxQuantifying the vertical fusion range at four distances of fixation in a normal 43populationK Ulya, AY Firth, HJ GriffithsDo we really need binocular single vision? 46KC Brown, D BuckleyPaediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension 52FJ Rowe, CP NoonanCase notesTransient extraocular muscle palsy following dental anaesthesia 59J Dhanji, D Lysons

BIOJ. Volume 2, 2005Publishing Information About Patients – Patient Consent 1SJ SheaVergence Adaption: A Phenomenon Or Normal Binocular Vision 3AY FirthClinical Assessments Of Stereopsis And Its Functional Significance 8H Morris, AR O‟Connor, MG Stephenson, M Mitchell, GJ Price, S AndersonCongenital Ocular Motor Apraxia 15M McIndoeAttentional Visual Field Analysis Using Fastpac 19I Cunningham, PC Knox, FJ Rowe, AC FisherA National Survey To Assess The Prevalence Of Written Guidance For 26Occlusion And Practise Variation In The Treatment Of AmblyopiaS ElliottFactors That Influence The Visual Outcome In Cases Of Infantile Unilateral Cataract 32C DewsburyPilocytic Astrocytoma Of The Brainstem 40C MacintoshA Possible Case Of Heavy Eye Phenomenon 43M McIndoeRecurrent Thyroid Eye Disease: A Case Series 46EJ Wallace & CJ MacewenA Case Of Constant Esotropia With Diplopia Associated With Weight Loss 50In Anorexia NervosaB Manzouri, GGW Adams

BIOJ. Volume 3, 2006What‟s In A Title? 1JM WoodhouseVisual Processing, Fixation And Eye Movements In Able And Disabled Readers: 2A Literature ReviewN NorthwayLogmar-Based Visual Acuity Measurements : Limits Of Normality 9CE StewartTransdermal Scopolamine (Hyoscine): Visual Side-Effects 14AY FirthEffects Of Blur On Humphrey 24-2 Results 17HL Holmes-Smith, AY FirthListening To Classical Music Can Slightly Improve Stereo-Acuity In 21Normal ObserversEE Griffiths, D BuckleyRefractive Surgery And Strabismus 27C Calcutt, B ManzouriThe Effectiveness Of Inferior Transposition Of The Horizontal Recti In Improving 32Symptoms In Patients With A Deficit Of Downgaze: A Case Series Of Nine PatientsK Russell, S Nabili, CJ MacewenCase Notes:Silent Sinus Syndrome: Two Cases Presenting With Sudden-Onset Vertical Diplopia 37C Macintosh, CE Riddell, S HagueCase Report Of Acquired Brown‟s Syndrome Due To Mucocoele 41MAE LyeA Case Of Childhood Multiple Sclerosis 44L GacconA Case Of Benign Intracranial Hypertension 47SJ Shea

BIOJ. Volume 4, 2007Editorial: The future of the British and Irish Orthoptic Journal (BIOJ) 1SJ SheaSaccades in strabismus: a literature review 3HJ GriffithsAmblyopia treatment: from research to practice 9M ClearyVisual perception and visual dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: a literature review 15E Milne, HJ GriffithsInterdisciplinary aspects of vision and communication deficits following stroke 21S MacDiarmid, FJ Rowe, F ParsonsThe importance of cognitive function in driving following stroke 27NR MorrisOcular motility disturbances in multiple sclerosis 31N Morris, FJ RoweVisual outcomes and conservative management options for infantile idiopathic 37nystagmus and manifest latent/latent nystagmusM Christino-Amenos, AR O‟ConnorThe role and clinical implications of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys 45S VirdeeRetrospective study to investigate the long-term sustainability of amblyopia treatment 51P King, SC Turner, C Kidals, E Clakre, D Ward, H Wartley, V Chapman, S MohamoudIncidence and nature of orthoptic problems found in children previously screened for 54retinopathy of prematurity: an aurgument for orthoptic follow-up?H Bullock, JM Butcher, C Burrows, K Hordern, L Smith, S CleggPrism fusion range: Gulden versus Clement Clarke plastic prism bar 58JK Bath, AY FirthVisual function measurement using a laptop computer: does the screen angle matter? 65AR O‟Connor, PC Knox, J Bridson, R TompkinA pilot study of ocular symptoms experienced by visual display unit users 70JV Mehta, AR O‟ConnorInferior rectus recession (IRR): outcome of surgery 76G Cormack, K Russell, C MacEwenOrbital foreign body causing temporary diplopia: case report 80S Elliott, R Collyer-PowellTwo cases of Kabuki syndrome 83C Everett-Allen, S WiltonThe use of botulinum toxin in acquired nystagmus: literature review and case 86presentationSL Poulton

BIOJ, Volume 5, 2008Research in binocular vision and amblyopia: recent progress and future challenges 2F SengpielImpairment of vision in children due to damage to the brain: a practical approach 8E McKillop, Dutton GNHypermetropia in childhood: a review of research findings relating to clinical 15managementAR O‟ConnorThe spectrum of nystagmus following cerebro-vascular accident 22FJ Rowe, VIS GroupUltraviolet radiation and age-related macular degeneration: the protective benefit of 26blue-light-blocking intraocular lenses. A literature reviewC Howard, FJ RoweThe relationship between ophthalmic deficits and functional ability in low birth weight 32childrenV Wong, AR O‟Connor, D Newsham, PC Knox, D ClarkNormative percentage score for the field of binocular single vision 39K Shotton, T Smith, I Corbett, N StrongA comparison of the concordance of ophthalmic outcome between low birth weight 42singletons and twinsAR O‟Connor, AR FielderDiagnostic accuracy of school vision screening 47CE Stewart, JM Gilchrist, PV McGraw, B WinnThe effect of coloured paper and lighting on the rate of reading in an adult student 54populationK Naylor, AY FirthCerebral malaria and the eyes: development of appropriate testing protocols for children 58in the developing worldAR O‟Connor, D Newsham, PC KnoxConvergence accommodation and distance exotropia 63AY FirthOrthoptists providing a cost-effective alternative glaucoma service 64K PhillipsVision screening: a benchmarking audit 65McNamara RA surviving preschool vision screening service 68M Cross

BIOJ, Volume 6, 2009Thoughts from an Editor‟s diary: a six-year experience 1S. J. SheaMultiple sclerosis: diagnostic issues and modern management 5S. E. PriceScreening for amblyopia and strabismus in children aged 4–5 years: where do we go 15from here?J. Carlton, C. Czoski-MurrayVisual neglect: should we attend to it? 22T. L. ShipmanManagement of nystagmus by surgery and botulinum toxin options: a review 28F. Hobson, F. J. RoweGrapheme-colour synaesthesia and the orthoptist 34M. E. F. Piano, P. C. Knox, A. R. O‟ConnorOcular motility consequences following lesions of the thalamus: a literature review 40E. Jones, F. J. RoweA comparative review of methods to record ocular rotations 47S. Hanif, F. J. Rowe, A. R. O‟ConnorThe effect of artificially reduced bilateral visual acuity on vergence adaptation 52P. S. Bhatt, A. Y. FirthDoes fixation light intensity influence the results from the Sbisa bar when measuring 56sensory fusion?S. A. Tate, C. LeachConvergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratio: stability with different levels 60of convergence demandK. J. Hirani, A. Y. FirthIs the prevalence and level of astigmatism different in indigenous Bangladeshi children 65compared with first-generation children of Bangladeshi origin born in the UnitedKingdom?F. MangeraThe effect of induced vertical divergence on horizontal fusional amplitudes 71G. A. Richardson, A. Y. FirthPseudo-strabismus secondary to macular heterotropia: a case report and literature review 75L. B. WilkinsonPrevention of stimulus deprivation amblyopia in children with eyelid capillary 79haemangiomaS. Hussain, C. DewsberyControlled binocular acuity (CBA) 82A. Y. Firth, H. Davis

BIOJ, Volume 7, 2010EditorialAmblyopia treatment: do we have enough evidence for a treatment plan? 1C. E. StewartReview of amblyopia treatment: Are we overtreating children with amblyopia? 3M. P. ClarkeReview articlesWhat does that mean? A review of some aspects of orthoptic terminology 8M. Piano, A. R. O’Connor and M. G. StephensonEnhancement of quality of life in progressive supranuclear palsy: a review of clinical 14practice elementsL. Pickett and F. J. RoweAn audit of atropine penalisation as a primary treatment for amblyopia 20K. Taylor, C. Hudson and K. MerchantHealth visitor referrals to secondary vision screening clinic: a 5-year review 27S. ElliottA comparison of visual outcomes at age 8 years in children detected by pre-school 30screening with those detected at reception screeningC. Y. Buckley and A. M. PerkinsVisual screening: a comparison of the Keeler crowded logMAR and Snellen tests 37N. Ainscough, J. Bates and L. NorthStimulus and response AC/A ratios in an orthoptic student population 41L. C. Gratton and A. Y. FirthA comparison of the effect of 3M Fresnel prisms and Trusetal prism foils on visual 45functionS. H. Cotton and H. J. GriffithsThe effect of Fresnel prisms on dynamic visual acuity 49G. Maconachie, H. Griffiths and D. BuckleyInfluence of bar reader colour and contrast when reading 54F. J. Rowe and L. TremarcoComparison of the Plusoptix S04 binocular autorefractor with cycloplegic refraction 59performed by an ophthalmologistL. M. GilmartinContrast sensitivity thresholds in children with autistic spectrum disorder 62E. Milne and D. BuckleyThe range of visual acuity using the crowded Kay Picture test and the range of refractive 66error present in children aged 42–48 monthsM. Cross, V. Ager and A. FakisLinear scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’ with ptosis and oculomotility disorders: case 72report and review of the literatureC. Taylor, M. Riley and J. BowyerDense amblyopia: should we consider encouraging long-term continued refractive 77correction of the amblyopic eye? A case of getting the balance rightJ. M. Vardy

BIOJ, Volume 8, 2011EditorialImplementation of research findings in the clinic 1C. E. StewartMajor reviewPreterm birth: the ophthalmic consequences 3A. R. O’ConnorReview articleAre we doing enough for the patient with myopia? A literature review 10M. Parker and A. R. O’ConnorOriginal articlesClinicians’ perspectives of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) implications ofamblyopia: a qualitative study 17J. CarltonConvergence excess accommodative esotropia: a descriptive review of patientspresenting over a period of 10 years 23T. GarrettyThe effect of luminance on visual acuity with Fresnel prisms 29R. Knight and H. J. GriffithsVisual rehabilitation following cerebellar stroke 33T. L. Shipman and L. A. HughesOrthoptic assessment and management of patients with stroke in Scotland 36A. Pollock, C. Hazelton and M. BradyVisuo-motor control in low birth weight children without major ophthalmic or neurologicsequelae 43A. R. O’Connor, P. C. Knox, D. Newsham, V. Wong and D. ClarkChromostereopsis and stereograms 50K. L. Summersgill and P. D. KeatingCan orthoptically trained personnel carry out pre-school vision screening in the absenceof an orthoptist? 54L. North and G. MenonCase reportsSelf-correcting amblyopia: case report 59J. D. Senior and A. R. O’ConnorCase report of concomitant intermittent exotropia as a rare presentation in a child withtemporal arachnoid cyst 62Y. H. Yew, A. Loo and V. SubrayanOcular manifestations as a result of Lyme disease: a case report 66K.-A. Moynagh and R. McNamaraA presumed case of functional visual loss with eventual diagnosis of Stargardt’s disease 69M. McIndoeLetter to the EditorWhat is vision screening? And more importantly, what is it not? 71J. Carlton and R. Auld

Transactions 15 th European Strabismological Association1 st -3rd September, 1985, LausanneA New Method Of Visual Acuity Measurement 1G Paolo PaliagaOptotypes Pour Acuimetrie Visuelle Angulaire Et Morphoscopique 9J Murube Del Castillo, T Dapena CrespoComposants Coticaux Et Reniens Dans L‟origine De L‟amblyopie Strabique 11M C Boschi, R Frosini, R Mencucci, A SodiVariation Of Spatial Summation In Photopic Vision For Coloured Targets In 21Amblyopic EyesF SucsBinocularity In The Amblyopic Syndrome: Binocular Threshold Campimetric Study 29G P Fava, P Capris, M Fioretto, E GandolfoOcculsion Permanente Prolongee Et Amblyopie A Bascule 37E Muller Feuga, M L Thiollet, J B WeissNotre Experience Avec Le Traitement De L‟amblyopie Par La Methodique 47Du Reperage-Observation: Evaluation De La Valeur Et De La Limite De CetteTechniqueR Frosini, M C Boschi, A Sodi, R MenucciA Translucid Screen For Studying The Position Of The Eyes Under A Unilateral And 55A Simultaneous Cover TestA SpielmannLe Test Des Verres De Diffraction (T.V.D) Dans Les Esotropies Primaries 65A Petit AngleGian Paolo GracisVariabilite De L‟angle Du Strabisme Et Conditions D‟examen 73N JeanrotBehaviour Of Esodeviations With A Double Angle Of Deviation 83N M CapobiancoRetraktions-Syndrome In Drei Generationen 85F Fodor, M Ilona, A FodorEin Neuer Typ Des Duane Sundroms: Fehlinnervation Des Ructus Lateralis Durch 93Sakkadische Rectus-Superior-NueroneG KommerellThe Crisis Of Strabology And A Way to Surmount It 95D SradjOrigins Of Congenital Infantile Esotropia 105E M Helveston, R A NixonHologram Slides Detecting Suppression For Near Only 115S RethyNon-Accommodative Convergence Excess 121G K Von Noorden, C Waters AvillaPossible Role Of The Trigeminal Nerve In Egocentric Localization 131E C Campos, C ChiesiNew Method To Determine The Mechanical Properties Of The Orbital Plant Invivo 139H Helmle, G Mildner, M Bretschneider, W Konen, J BillieHereditary External Ophthalmoplegia. Some Pathological And 147Pathophysiological AspectsW A Houtman, T W Van WeerdenEtude Statisque Prospective De La Binocularite Dans Les Microtropies 149Post-TherapeutiquesM A Quere, F LavenantLes Alterations De La Motilite Oculaire Dans L‟ophtalmopathie Basedowienne: 151Etiopathogenie, Manifestations Clinigues, Anatomie, PathologiqueG Lasorella, C Traversi, A M Bardelli, R Frezzotti, E Polito

Treatment Of Acute Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy With Botulinum Toxin Injections 153J P Lee, J S ElstonBotulinum Toxin Treatment Of Paralytic Strabismus 155J S Elston, J P LeeIntraoperative Continuous Registration Length/Tension Curves Of Attached And 157Detached Human Eye Muscles And Their Antagonists, Stiffness In Passive HorizontalEye Movement In Awake Volunteers And Analysis With Robinsons Computer ModelH J Simonsz, G Kolling, H Kaufmann, J Maier, M SchoonemanExtensive Surgery For The Correction Of Large Angle A-V Patterns 167A Castanera De MolinaIndications Of Use Of Anchoring Suture In Strabismus Surgery 177B Jovicevic, N SrbinovicDis Ands D‟operation Du Fil De Cuppers 183A Roth, M MontardA Calculating Model For Estimating The Effects Of Retinal Detachment 185Surgery On Ocular OtilityW Konen, K Mueller, W RuessmannPresbytie Et Convergence 195L J MawasSensory Adaptions Of The Brain To Squint Infants 197S Rethy

Transactions 16 th European Strabismological AssociationSeptember 1987, GiessenPassive Limitation Of Adduction After “Cuppers Procedure” 55G P PaliagaResults Of Bi-Medial Posterior Fixation (Modified Cuppers Procedure) After 8 Years 61W De Decker, D Freidrich, J BaengeA Muscle Belt For Convergence Excess 71W SchroederSaccadic Velocity Pre And Post Medial Rectus Cuppers Procedure 75E Schulz, R WroschCongenital Esotropia 81E M HelvestonHorizontal And Vertical Strabismus: Contemporaneous Surgery On Six Muscles 89P Aurilia, A Magli, E ChiosiResults Of Surgery In Essential Infantile Esotropia 95G K Von Noorden, C W AvillaMorphological Aspects Of Length-Tension Diagrams Of Extra-Ocular Muscles In 101Strabismus Patients. An Attempt For Clinicopathologic CorrelationA M Castanera, L Giner, A SerraLateral Incomitance Induced By Monolateral Recess-Resect-Surgery For 109Intermittent ExodeviationsA Kirsch, W RussmannComputerized Analysis Of Oculomotor Disorders Before And After Surgery 115R Fosini, L CampaComputer Determined Measurements Of Squint Angles 123R Effert, S Leutzbach, S Wolf, M Reim, G RauThe Length-Tension Diagrams Of Oblique Muscles In Strabismus 129Sursoadductorius And Trochlear PalsyH J Simonsz, G H Kolling, H Kaufmann, B Van Dijk25 Years Experience In Oblique Muscle Surgery 137K M Krzystkowa, E WojcikUnilateral Weakening Of Oblique Inferior Muscle: Delayed Effects 143E Leonardi, L Pannarale, L Fornasin, A LeonardiA New Surgical Technique For Inferior Onlique Weakening: Evaluation Of The First 153Results ObtainedG Salvi, M C Boschi, M ScrivantiOne Step Surgical Approach For Monolateral Superior Oblique Deficit 161E C Campos, C Chiesi, C Schiavi, R CodeluppiSuperior Oblique Paralysis: Surgical Conditions And Long Term Results 167E Chiosi, A Magli, L Bombace, M Di MuccioOperations On Both Oblique Muscles Of The Palsied Eye In Cases Of Acquired 173Unilateral Trochlear PalsyG H Kolling, H KaufmannSquint Operations After Primarily Performed Total Or Partial Tentomies Years Before 181Years BeforeW AustAdjustable Strabismus Surgery 195G LasorellaApplied Structural Surgery 205A Stein, N SradjStrabismus Surgery Under Topical Anesthesia: A Review Of 167 Consecutive Cases 211J B WeissSurgical Treatment Of Intermittent Exodeviations 215W Russmann, S Eithof, B Sandor

Transactions 17 th European Strabismolobical Association21-22, 1988, MaiusEnbryonic Development Of De NucleusM D Cortes Rodrigo, J Murube Del CastilloThe Amount Of Angle Alpha In A Normal PopulationR Effert, S GruppePremilinary Results Of A National Wide Ambliopia ScreeningI Garcia-Ormaechea, S Guilli Maluquer, J De Blas, R ArconScreening For Ocular Vision Defects Among Swedish Small ChildrenG LadenvallDetection Of Early Amblyopis By Preferential LookingK P Boergen Th Kau, E Zenner, E HainzlmaierStereopsisJ LangAcuite Visuelle Et Auite StereoscopiqueI Garcia-Ormaechea, T DapenaWeakness Of Anti-Diplopic Mechanisms Favours Postoperative DiplopiaE C Campos, G M Cavallini, R CodeluppiRecording Eye Movements During Immobilization Of One EyeR Bolzani, C Cipolly, E C CamposLe Choc Propriocepteur Dans L‟amblyopie StrabiqueP H Verin, P Comte, D FritschFusion-Visual Information And ProprioceptivityO Alves De Silva, A Mendes, F Pinhal, H Martins De CunhaEye Muscle Forces MeasurementB Bagolini, A Dickmann, R Fideli, R Bolzani, F FocosiAumento De Las Forias En Las Operadores De OrdenadoresV Boigues, V Vias Fontanels, R PascualMuscle Adaption Precesses In Horizontal StrabismusA M Castanera, M L Giner Munoz, A Serra CastenaraCoordinate Differentialentre Microtropies, Esotropies Y Amblyopie AnisemetropiquesG P Grecis, M Coffano, P RocciOcular Motility Disturbances In Patients With MeningomyeloceleG Lennerstrand, J GalloA Prospective Study On StrabismicJ Lithander, M Abrahamsson, J StrosstrandCasual Research By Prevention Of Early Onset EsotropiaS RethyResultados En El Tratamiento De Al Fijacion ExentricaJ Garcia De Oteyza, D Fernandez Agrafojo, E Cardozo, V Alvarez, M C PerosansAn Alternative Management Of Browns SyndromeR TrimbleBotulinum Toxic Injections Into Extraocular MusclesK M Krzystkowa, A Madrokiewicz, R SzpytmaBotulin Toxin In SquintL P Lee, J S ElstonChorioretinal Scarring Follwing The Faden ProcedureC J Lyons, A Macintyre, P Fells, J LeeFixed versus Adjustable SuturesP Fells, B MccarryKinetic Performances And diagnosis De BlockageM A Quere, F LavenentUna Alternative A La Miotomia MarginalF Gaalindez, C Riaza, J Garcia, I Fernandez, R RodrigoHistological And Histoenzimatic Teatures

A Megli, P De Rosa, S MontagnaniSurgical Treatment Of Intermittent ExotropiaJ Coimbra De Matos, J Breda, J Borges, J Castro CorreiraOur Failures In Intermittent Exotropia SurgeryFJ Munoz, Negrete, R Gomez De Liano, J M RodriguezResults Of FildosagittalizzazioneM C Boschi, M Scrivanti, C R MastelloneMyectomy And Denervation in Severe Inferior Oblique OveractionR Gomez De Liano, J M Rodriguez Sanchez, P Gomez DeSuperior Oblique UnderactionG LasorellaBilateral Consecutive Superior Oblique FollowingCj Lyons, J P LeeA Estaistical Survey Of Muscular TrasnporsitionA Magli, E Chiosi, M Di Mauccio, I Giardino, P De RoseAnalysis Of Oblique MuscleH J Sinonsz, G H Kolling, B Van DijkSurgical Treatment Of Orbital Floor FracturesJ Esser, C Mohr, D Schettler, H HunzPaly And PerlesiaJ Murube Del Castillo

Transactions of 18 th European Strabismological Association1989, KrakowIntermittent Eyelid Closure In Strabismus 23R E Wiggins, G K Van NoordenA New Classification Of Superior Oblique Palsy 25E M HelvestonThe Dissociate Deviations In Infantile Strabismus 33A SpeilmannManifest Latent Nystagmus And Third Nerve Congenital Palsy 39F Lods, C Ghenassia, F Lalvee, J E GuezPartial Oculomotor Palsy: A New Surgical Procedure 45H KaufmannEarly Surgery In Fibrosis Syndrome 55K P BoergenSurgical Treatment Of Accommodative Esotropia 61P V Berard, P V Berard Jr, D Fonta-JourdanDependence Of Results In Operations On Straight And Oblique Muscles Of 71Eyeball In The Mode Of Their IncisionT Goerge-Branowska, E Tokarz-Sawinska, B Ademek, K Mozolewska,L Puchalska-NiedbalAdjustable Sutures In Strabismus Surgery 87T TischnerOur Experience With Full Muscle Transposition Procedure 93G LasorellaAnterior Segment Ischemia Of The Eye 97C PapadedesEarly Postoperative Hydrodynamic Disturbances Of The Eye After The 103Strabismus SurgeryD KorzyckaDifferentail Light Sensitivity In Strabismus Amblyopia 109V Herzau, A Dresel, C GirrbachIncrease In Visual Evoked Responses Latency In Essential Infantile Esotropia 115E C Campos, R Bolzani, K Petropulakos, M F Bertolani, R Gulli, C SchiaviPL And VEP Measurements Of Normal And Disturned Visual Development 123T Kau, K P LorenzClinical Experience With Preferential Looking Techniques 127A RydbergStrabismus And Refractive Errors In Prematurely Born Children 133A Population Based StudyJ E Gallo, G LennerstrandOn The Effectiveness Of The Amblyopia Treatment In Children 139R WeidlichPredictive Value Of The Langs Stereo-Test In Anisometric Amblyopia 145R Frosini, L Campa, PF GangemiThe Effect Of Prolonged Monocular Occlusion On Latent Nystagmus In The 151Treatment Of AmblyopiaHJ Simonsz, G KommerellInterest Of Dazzling-Test In The Diagnosis 157N Jeanrot, L Bezait, C LabroMonocular OKN Diagnositic Test In Children 163M Bourron-MadignierAccommodative Problems In Cases Of Exophoria 173B NeikterFixation-Choice Test Completes Cover-Test In Baby 179S Rethy

The Dynamic Of Eye Change In Different Stages Of Graves Disease 185B Mirkiewicz-SieradzkaIncreased Muscle Tension And Reduced Elasticity Of Affected Muscle, Squint And 193Restriction Of Ocular Motility In Recent-Onset Graves Disease Are Caused By ActiveMuscle ContractionH J Simonsz, G KommerellRadiotherapy Or Surgery For Orbital Decompresssionin Dysthyroid Eye Disease? 201P Fells, P Rosen, B Pickard, N PlowmanBotulinum Toxin Therapy In Dysthyroid Eye Disease 205J P Lee, C Lyons, S VickersThe Results Of Surgical Therapy Of Muscle Disorders In Endocrine Ophthalmopathy 211W Andrejewska, E Tokarz-Sawinska, D Przerwa, Z Krzystolik, K PilarskaCT Scanning And MRI In Ocular Motility Disorder 223J LangDiagnositc Ultrasound In Disturbances Of Ocular Motility 229E Schwarz, J ThiemeNemalin Myopathy – A Case Report 235G LadenvallOculomotor Problems In Craniofacial Dysostosis 243J W Walker, J Russell-Eggitt, D TaylorA Retrospective Analysis Of The Surgical Treatment Of Pure Orbital Florr Fractures 257M H Miller, D H Jonathan, J Bernstein, B Pickard, J P Lee, P FellsComplex Zygomatic-Maxillary Fracture In The Materials Of The Department 262Of Maxillo-Facial Surgery At The Institute Or Surgery Of Military Medical AcademyIn Lodz PolandK Najwer, M Swider, A Stepniak-GozdziewiczEye-Movement Disturbances In Isolated Orbital Floor Fractures 265A Zamlynska, H Wanyura, J Piekarczyk, D SamolczykThe Post-Traumatic Superior Orbital Syndrome. Review Of 14 Cases 271S B Bartkowski, K M Krzystkowa, A Kubatko-Zielinska, J ZapalaManagement Of Depressor Paresis Following Orbital Trauma 277J Lipton, B Page, J P LeeHydroxylapatite For The Correction Of The Traumatically Enlarged Boney Orbit 287W De Decker, Th LambrechtTransconjunctival Approach To Retrobulbar Tumors 293G KommerellResults Of Intra-Orbital Processes Operated By Fronto-Basal Osteoplastic Orbitomy 297H Muhlendyck, E MarakakisTopographical Anatomy Of Orbital And Optic Nerve Tumors 303W Janicki, W Daniel, Z Krzystolik, S KowalikThe Diagnostic Of Orbital Tumors 309J Skladzien, J TurekReconstruction Of The Orbit In Recklinghausen Disease 315T Kruszczynski,W Kokot, P LipowskiThe Function Of The Eye After Orbital Operations- Long Term Observations 319A Stankiewicz, A Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk, J Grochowksi, P SobolewskiSurgical Treatment Of Ptosis By Brow-Suspention By Means Of Sceral Slips 325L Yankov

Transactions 19 th European Strabismological AssociationJune 1991, CreteEffect Of Maximum Inferior Oblique Surgery In Unilateral Strabismus 11SursoadductoriusK P Boegen, C MullerElevation In Adduction: No To A Systematic Weakening Of The Inferior 17Oblique MuscleA Spielmann,Superior Oblique Tucks: A Five Year Retrospective Review 23A R Evans, J Lee, P FellsResults Of Oblique Muscle Surgery 29H KaufmannDiagnosis And Management Of The Superior Oblique Underaction 35N Ikonomopulos, E Iliakis, A Damanakis, E PanagiotidouAn Expert System For Surgical Indications In Infantile Esotropia 43R Frosini, L Campa, G L GavazziBinocular Vision Obtained On 450 Cases Of Congenital Esotropia Operated At The 49Age Of About 2 YearsE Chimonidou, K ChatzitefanouDevelopment Esotropia – New Surgical Technique 55C PapadedesInfantile Esotropia – Large Bimedial Rectus Recessions Versus Bimedial Posterior 59Fixation With Additional Rectus RecessionsM SpiritusFour Muscle Surgery For The Treatment Of V-Esotropia 65K Psilas, J AsproudisSix Years Of Experience With Structural Dissociated Surgery In Strabology 71A Stein, N SradjAdjustable Strabismus Surgery: Is There A Drift In The Angle Preadjustment? 77A Evans, B Mccarry, C Macewan, J LeeBotulinum Toxin In The Treatment Of Acute Surgical Overcorrections 83S Hague, J Lee, K CooperIntermittent Distance-Type Exotropia: Surgical Results 89C J Lyons, J MM Lawson, B Mccarry, P FellsTwo Types Of Surgical Treatment In Exotropia 95W Lange, T Schmidt, S Spiel, B MerlExcessive Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession In The Treatment Of Intermittent Exotropia 101D Feretis, A Kordouli, A Trivlis, J KoliopoulosChanges In Ocular Motility Following Radiotherapy For Dysthyroid Eye Disease 107J MM Lawson, P H Rosen, B Mccarry, L Kousoulides, S Lightman, N Plowman,P FellsExperiences With Recess/Resect Procedures On Horizontal And Vertical Rectus 113Muscles In The Treatment Of Graves OphthalmopathyColling GHTreatment Of Strabismus After Retinal Detachment Surgery With 119Botulinum Neurotoxin ALee J, Page B, Lipton JExtraocular Muscle Complications In Retinal Detachment Surgery 125G Klainguti, A Castella, J Chamero, M GonversThe Surgical Treatment Of Traumatic Browns Syndrome 131G W Aylward, J Lawson, B Mccarry, J Lee, P FellsDuane‟s Syndrome With Vertical Restriction 137M Marcus, B Beidner, E Ronen, Y YassurMuscle Splitting In The Surgery Of Strabismus 141B Bagolino, A Dickmann, G Savino, R Bolzani

Botulinum Toxin In Partially Recovered VIth Nerve Palsy 147P Eva-Riordan, J P LeeBotulinum Toxin In Unrecovered Vith Nerve Palsy 153P Eva-Riodan, J P LeeAnchoring And Adjustable Sutures: A Combined Surgical Approach In Restrictive 159StrabismusG LasorellaDiagnostic And Therapeutic Aspects Of Anomalous Head Postures (AHP) 163K M Krzystkowa, A Kubatko-ZielinskaAbnormal Retraction Syndrome Due To Persistent Retractor Bulbi 169H Muhlendyck, E Marakakis, A T HelwigCase Of Internal Pterygium After Strabismus Surgery 175E Chimonidou, D Anreanos, K ChatzistefanouThe Use Of Sectors In Partial Occlusion 181G HorovitzSector Occlusion: Does It Have A Role? 189A SpielmannThe Role Of Sector Occlusion In The Treatment Of Congenital Esotropia 195R Frosini, L CampaComments On Sectors 199E CamposRount Table: 201P Fells, E Campos, R Frosini, G Horovitz, A SpielmannBilaterally Pseudoparalytic Squints Treated By Means Of Prisms 211T George-Branowska, W AndrzejewskaSectors Treatment Of Paralytic Strabismus 217M C Boschi, A Sodi, P Grasso Cannizzo, E CastellaniData Processing Of The Strabologic Chart: Accuracy And Logic 223F LodsThe Abducens Oculomotor Relaxation Field – The Interest Of Its Management 229O Alves De SilvaLongitudinal Studies Of Visual Development In Infants Under Occlusion 233Th Kau, C Kau, K P BoergenProgressive-Addition Lenses In The Treatment Of Accommodative Escot With 239High AC-A RatioA Castanerade MolinaDisparity Vergence And Strabismus 245W A HoutmanBinocular Vertical Sensory Adaptions In Essential Infantile Esotropia 251E C Campos, C Schiavi, R BolzaniSurgical Procedure Based On The Velocity Of Saccades In Esotropias 257M Madignier-BourronDiscordancy And Monozygosity In Squinting Twins 263B Devries, W A HoutmanManifest Strabismus In An Unselected Population Of Swedish Children 269Longitudinally Followed From 1 To 6 YearsJ Sjostrandm M AbrahamssonThe Efficiency Of Pediatrics In The Detection Of Strabismus And Amblyopia 275B Biedner, M Marcus, E Ronen, Y YassurVisual Acuity Maturation Is Negatively Affected By Alternating Essential 281Infantile EsotropiaPhysiological Uniocular Localisation Versus Amblyopic Localisation 285W Hasse, B NischSimple And Mixed Types Of Amblyopia 291C P Rougas, A G Amariotakis, N J OekonomouPreventions Of Extraoveolar Fixation Formation In Infants 297

T George-Branowska, J Litwinska, M Danieyko-OsmanCongenital Nystagmus And Chaos Theory 303I M StrachanInterest Of Modelisation Of The Two Optokinetic Pathways In The Study Of 307Congenital Strabismus And Latent Nystagmus (Poster)Ci Sppeg-Schatz, K Foughali-Atti, Ch M Kopp, J Flament

Transactions of 20 th European Strabismological AssociationMay 1992, BrusselsForce Development And Velocity Of Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movements 15In ExotropiaG Lennerstrand, T SunaWhat Causes Up And Downshoot In Adduction? 23A Liesch, B Torok, H J SimonszThe Range Of Muscles Stretching In Strabismus Re-Operations 29(Esotropia Relapses And Consecutive Exotropia)M A Quere, S Toucas S, F Lavenant, P BouchutIn Esotropia, Is The Elongation Test Of The Horizontal Recti Foreseeable? 35A PerchereauPhenomena Of Oculocardiac Reflex During Strabismus Surgery 43H Muhlendyck, U BraunMuscular Fibrosis Following Posterior Fixation Suture Of Superior 49Rectus Muscle In Rabbits: Role Of Degenerated MyofibrilsY B Roy, B S Oum, S H Lee, S AwayaUltrastructure Of Extraocular Muscles In Strabismus 55L Domenici-Lombardi, R Menucci, M Corsi, M Scrivanti,MS Faussone PellegrineThe Value Of High Quality Electromygraphic Monitoring For 61Botulinum Toxin TherapyJ Pater, J Lee, C HoggManagement Of Symptomatic Latent Nystagmus 71C Lui, M Gretsy, J LeePseudo-Latent Nystagmus : Congenital Nystagmus With Exphoria 77A Spielmann, A C SpielmannAssociation Of Visual Impairment And Strabismus With Lesions Of 83The Pre-Term BrainG Holmstom, J Pennock, K Drew, P Sonksen, L DubowitzNasotemporal Asymmetry Of The Differential Light Threshold In 107Strabismic AmblyopiaV Herzau, C Girrbach, A RothA Model For Suppression In Amblyopia 113R A Harrad, R F HessComparison Of Two Contrast Sensitivity Tests During Amblyopia Treatment 119P U KoskelaFurther Analysis Of Monocular Eye Closure In Intermittent Exotropia 123E C Campos, C Cipolli, D Ferraretti, C SchiaviHow Accurate Is Examination At Age One? Pilot Study Of The Early Vs Late 127Strabismus Surgery Study GroupH J SimonszFactors Influencing Grating Acuity Results In Preverbal Children 133E Schulz, J Zimmermann, C DammsA New Vision Tester For Children 137Y H Jin, B L ChangNew Device For Evaluation Of Ocular-Motor Deviation 143J Y Guessant, C Joly, P Debruyne, J F Rouland, J C Hache, G ConstantinidesThe Influence Of The Refractive Error On The Development Of 149Amblyopia In Untreated Infantile EsotropiaC Calcutt, A Murray, S YoungRefractive And Sensorial Follow-Up In Fully Accommodative Refractive Esotropia 155J Breda, A Magalhaes, J Castro-CorreiaA New Approach To Esotropia With Variable Angle 161

M Van Lammeren, R Apers, L De Clippeleir, L Van Eckhoutte, H JanssenSurgery Of Fully Accommodtive Esotropia: Treatment Alternative Or Imposture? 167M DellerBinocular Function And Vertical Deviations In Infantile Esotropia Following Early 173SurgeryS B Ozkan, M Orhan, A S Sanac, S DumanBotulinum Toxin In Essential Infantile Esotropia And In Late Normosensorial 179Langs StrabismusC Schiavi, P Beneditti, E C CamposAnalysis Of The Torsion Seen In Early Onset Strabismus 183V ParisResults Of Retroequatorial Myopexia In Esotropia 189A Sansonetti, A Roth, L Delarue, F Huguenin, A Ben AyedAcute Comitant Strabismus And Esophoria 195M Bourron-MadignierEarly Onset Exotropia 203D Post-WittebolExotropia Before One Year: Clinical Charachteristics And Evolution 207F Lods, C Gramet, F ImbertEffect Of The Checkerboard Pattern Stimulator On Motor And Sensory Fusion 213S Awaya, T Yagasaki, Y Inagaki, T HiraiFunctional Prisim Adaption In Patients With Intermittent Exotropia 217E Danheim-De Decker, G Schwerdtfeger, D VerlohrThe Effect Of Surgical Alignment On Stereo-Acuity In Constant Exotropia And 223Intermittent Distance ExotropiaP E WaddinghamTwo Therapeutic Concepts In The Intermittent Divergent Squint 229W Lange, W De DeckerRisk Factor For The Spontaneous Consecutive Exotropia 235E Ch SchwarzAcquired Globe Retraction 241J S Elson, C M MoormanBilateral Congenital Vertical Gaze Disorders: Congenital Muscle Fibrosis Or 249Congenital Central Nervous Abnormality?AA AssafDisinsertion And Recession Of The Inferior Oblique Muscle 255T Matthes, B C K Patel, J P Lee, P FellsUnilateral Tucking And Advancement Of The Interior Oblique Case Report 261A Lainck, W Forster, H Markodimitrakis, H BusseSurgery In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome – Methods And Results 267K M Krzystkowa, A Kubathko-ZiellinskaSurgical Treatment In Brown‟s Syndrome 273M H Gobin, A Putteman, C V Gobin, L BassimeHow To Intergrate Botulinum In The Treatment Of NVI Palsy 279R Apers, L De Clippeleir, L Van Eeckhoute, M Van Lammeren, H JanssensTendon Lengthening Procedure In Ocular Motility Disorders Secondary To 285Graves OphthalmopathyM Nardi, L Bartalena, C Marcocci, M P Bartolomei, A Pinchera, L BarcaPrevention Of Anterior Segment Ischaemia 291L Kowal, M TroskiChanges In Anterior Segment Circulation Following Vertical Rectus Muscle 295Surgery In Adult PatientsJ M Olver, J P LeeCycloplegic Refraction In Children: Single Dose Atropinization Vs 3 Day 301AtropinizationG Auffarth, W Hunold

A Study By Means Of The Fourier Analysis Of The Smooth Pursuit Movements 305In Normal And Esotropic ChildrenM C Boschi, A Sodi, E Castellani, F MoroniStructural Changes Of Exraocular And Orbicularis Oculi Muscles Treated 309With Botulinum Toxin In ManS Brogelli, G Alfieri, S MaurriTreatment Of Non-Accommodative Fixation-Linked Esotropia 313L De Clippeleir, R Apers, L Van Eeckhoutte, M Van LammerenBi –Medial Rectus Muscle Resection For Intermittent Exotropia 317W De DeckerPlurifocal Correction : A Tool Dianosis And Treatment In Convergence Excess 321R Frosini, L Campa, S FrosiniThe Binocular Cyclometer 325G P GracisRetrospective Study Of Childrens Response To The Biprismic Test 329G P GracisCongenital Syndrome Of Oculomotor Disturbances: Mulitdisciplinary Diagnosis 333And Results Of Surgical TreatmentA Kubatko-Zielinska, K M KryzstkowaEarly Visual Screening At Age 0, 9, 18, 30 Months With The VOV Method 339Instruction Of The Method By Orthoptists To All Community Doctors In TheNetherlands.Hang-Back Recession 342J B Lee, C Y Kim, H B KimO C E Orthoptistes De Al Communaute Europeene 347M Louly, J Clayton, A Van Mourik-NoordenbosThe Clinical And Electromyographic Findings In Two Cases Of 351Wildervanks SyndromeT D Matthews, J P LeeRisk Of Postoperative Diplopia? Testing With Botulinum Toxin 355Z Nussgens, P RoggenkamperBotulinum Toxin Therapy In Amblyopic And. Or Previously Operated Patients 357M Orhan, S B Ozkan, A S SanacThe Results Of Faden Operation In Congenital Nytagmus 361Dampening By ConvergenceA S Sanac, S B Ozkan, M OrhanAdhesion Molecules In The Immunopathogenesis Of Thyroid-Associated 365OphthalmologyA Pappa, P Fells, S LightmanPost –Operative Evolution After Sesoriomotor Balance From Exophoric 367Tropia To An ExotropiaR Pagassou-Albouy, J Gracia De Oteyza 373C Schiavi, K Petropulakis, E C CamposCharacter Differences Between Patients With Exophoria, Decompensated 377Exophoria And Intermittent ExotropiaB Schmal, H J SimonszForce Development And Velocity Of Horizontal And Vertical Saccadic Eye 379Movement In Non-Strabismic SubjectsT Suna, G Lennerstrand

Transactions 21 st European Strabismological Association1993, SalzburgEvaluation of the Ammann-Test in the clinical routine 15Herzau V, Girrbach C, Roth AStructural-hemipsheric thery of eye movements and its confirmation by dynamic orbital 21magnetic resonance imagingSradj N, Cabanis EASaccadic muscle pulse in absence of fixation target 27Dickmann A, diNicola D, Savino G, Bolzani REarly postoperative force generation tests 33Strachan I, Burke JOptokinetic nystagmus, stereoscopy and early onset strabismus in the first year of 39preterm infsntsFrosini R, Campa L, Frosini SIs there a cause effect relationship between suppression and amblyopia in strabismus? 45Schiavi C, Benedetti P, Scorolli L, Campos ECAmblyopia ex ametropia: how severe is it? Can we prevent it? 51Papadedes C, Rougas C, Alexakis JStereopsis in patients with traumatic aphakia with special reference to the Pulfrich 57phenomenonde Decker W, Nicolai U, Thielert UCongenital strabismus syndrome – long-term results of conservative and surgical 63treatmentSalomon A, Strangler-Zuschrott ELaminotomia; an anti-contracture strabismus operation 67Molnar KOn the efficiency of the „anti-contracture‟operation based on the surgical results of 1462 73esotrop patients in Budapest and SzegedDeak A, Fodor M, Molnar KElevation in adduction in infantile esotropia: a challenging clinical sign 79Spiritus M, van den Broeck M, Kallay Jr O, Jean DSymptomatic DVD presenting after childhood 85Doran RML, Luck JNon surgical treatment of dissociated vertical deviation: preliminary results 91Reich-D‟Almeida F, Reich-D‟Almeida IAnterior tendon displacement of the inferior oblique muscle for dissociated vertical 97deviation – effectiveness and long-term stabilityBurke J, Scott W, Kutschke PManagement of orbital fractures. Round table discussion 103Thaller-Antlanger H, Fells P, Krenkel Ch, Krystkowa K, Muhlendyck HGenetic aspects of strabismus in twins investigated with DNA-typing or twin zygosity 129Fluelar U, Hass H, Weiler G, Russmann W, Kaufmann HThe dynamic head tilt test and the concept of a supranuclear trochlear palsy 135Kommerell GDeficiencies of the fixation system, especially the syndrome of children with strabismus, 139cerebral palsy and epilepsiaLang J, Flueler UDown‟s syndrome – methods of assessment 145Charnock ADuane‟s retraction syndrome: clinical observations in 44 patients 151Breda J, Magalhaes AThe results of magnetic resonance imaging in Duane‟s retraction syndrome 157Ozkan S, Aribal E, Orhan M, Sanac A, Duman SIncomplete external ophthalmoplegia and infantile myasthenia 163Kaiser H, Thaller-Antlanger H, Wenger E

Transposition procedures versus recession-resection procedures: surgical results in 121 169cases of NVI palsyKaufman H, Gebauer HAssociation of fixed suspensions of the capsulo-palpebral head of the inferior rectus with 175semi-adjustable recession of the inferior rectus muscle to minimise recession complicationsSpielmann A, Spielmann ACOperative dosages and retroequatorial myopexia 181Sansonetti A, Roth A, Delarue L, Huguenin F, Ben-Ayed AEffects of strabismus surgery on corneal topography 187Nardi M, Pellegrine G, Bartolomei MP, Gremigni E, Lepri A, Barca LAbnormal stretching of the ipsilateral superior rectus muscle in congenital superior 193oblique palsyQuere MA, Pechereau A, Remy Ch, Bouchut PThe advantage of topical anaesthesia in complicated cases for strabismus surgery 199Putteman A, Deconinck H, Beckers S, Bassim LSquint operation under topical anaesthesia in endocrine orbitopathy: a 15-year 205experienceBoergen KPPosttraumatic diplopia – diagnosis, treatment and results in patients with blow-out 211fracture of the orbitKubatko-Zielinska A, Kryzstkowa K, Bartkowski S, Zapala JBlow-out fractures: a study of long-term morbidity of patients with and without surgical 217treatmentKousoulides L, Fells P, Lee JP, Hague S, Aylward GWResults of a prospective randomised trial of botulinum toxin therapy in acute unilateral 223sixth nerve palsyLee JP, Harris S, Cooper K, MacEven C, Jones S, Cohen JBotulinum toxin in the management of acquired nystagmus and oscillopsia 229Ruben S, Lee JP, Elston JSudden onset concomitant esotropia 235Timms C, Gregson RMC, Lee JP, Taylor DNatural history of exodeviation 241Nakagawa T, Kii TPreoperative prismatic treatment in esotropic children. A comparative study 247Zehetmayer M, Stangler-Zuschrott E, Schemper MChanges of AC/A ; ratio resulting from surgical correction of accommodative esotropia 253Vercher JL, Semmlow JL, Putteman A, Gauthier GM, Berard PVConvergent strabismus fixus 259Maruo T, Kubota N, Iwashige HProgressive additional lenses in accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio 265Acar B, Kahvecioglu C, Talu H, Kevser A, Yilmaz FRole of the inferior oblique in the early onset strabismus 271Paris VDistance stereoscopic vision and suppression in intermittent exotropias 277Lods F, Lalvee FAnalysis of retinal rivalry in normals and in esotropia patients with anomalous retinal 283correspondenceBolzani R, Piaggi S, Campos ECScreening for microtropia in infants and toddlers with digital Purkinje I-IV reflection 287pattern evaluation: experience with a novel computer systemBarry JC, Effert R, Kaupp A, Meyer-Ebrecht D, Dkopnik H, Simon F, Sommer B,Uberhofen S, Reim MSquint surgery in multi-handicapped children with an impaired visual perception 293Radner W, Priglinger SVertical saccadic velocity and force development in superior oblique palsy 297Lennerstrand G, Tian S

Dynamics of saccades in strabismus and amblyopia 303de Faber J, van Rijn L, Collewijn HThe new biocyclometer 309Gracis G, Fiore DContrast sensitivity in amblyopia: a comparison between different contrast sensitivity 315tests for the detection of amblyopiaHan Y, Rydberg A, Lennerstrand GA new polarized screening method 321Fea A, Piccoli M, Basso A, Musso M, Vitale Brovarone FA new ophthalmoscopic lens for measuring ocular torsion 327de Ancon E, Klainguti GEchobiometric and refractive evolution of fixating and amblyopic eye 333Burtolo C, Polizzi A, Fava GP, Fioretto MThe influence of axial length of the globe on the effect of strabismus surgery 339Krzizok Th, Graf M, Kaufmann HCorneal astigmatism and strabismus surgery 345Barca da Costa M, Pinto P, Paulo J, Faria C, Pereira CFundus findings following Faden operation 351Ozkan S, Eldem B, Orhan M, Ozdemir , Sanec ABiopsy interpretation problems in extraocular eye muscles 355Muhlendyck HGlycosaminoglycans in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy 359Pappa A, Fells P, Lightman SLocalisation technique for inferior oblique recessions 365Windmann A, Kaufmann H, Krzizok ThSimulated superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome following orbital floor fracture 369Mayer W, Baldissera I, Puelacher WVertical shifting operations in patients with congenital nystagmus and vertical torticollis 375Jarzebinsky-Vecerova M, Happe W, Muhlendyck HApparently successful early surgery for head tilt in a patient with Duane‟s syndrome 381Schulz EIncidence and management of strabismus after orbital decompression for disfiguring 387exophthalmos in thyrid orbitopathyLyons C, Rootman JUniocular fields of fixation in thyroid eye disease 391McCarry B, Kousoulides L, Aylward GW, Lawson JMM, Potts M, Fells PTraction sutures in the management of fixed divergent strabismus 397Gregson RMC, Lee JPBotulinum toxin and surgery in paralytic strabismus 401Brogelli S, Alfieri G, Barontini F, Campana G, Frosini R, Maurri SThe role of botulinum toxin in the management of superior oblique palsy 407O‟Neil D, Gregson R, Hakin K, Lee JP

Transactions 22 nd European Strabismological Association1995, Cambridge UKFamily history Of Strabismus And A Risk Indicator For Selective Screening 17J Sjostrand, M AbrahamssonStrabismus In Children Born Before 32 Weeks Gestation 23PM Clarke, MP Strong, NP Cornell, DG Fritz, S Tion,Patient Information And Education In Strabismus And 29Ambylopia Using Interactive Computer TechnologiesJTHN De Faber, UF Eddema,Heredity In Strabismus 34B Gokyigit, S Akar, E Katiogit, OF YimazNew Facts In The Convergent Comitant Strabismus Heredity 40A Lackovic, P FischerovaFunctional And Structural Abnormalities Of Visual Cortex In Infantile Strabismus 47L Tychsen, A Burkhalter, R G BootheEye Movements In Normal Subjects Induced By Vibratory Activation Of 53Neck Muscle PropriloceptorsY Han, O LennerstrandCorrelation Of Sensory Changes And Visual Evoked Potentials In Patients 59With Duane‟s SyndromeIE Sloper, ADM CollinsCT Guided Needle Biopsy Of The Medial Rectus 65MP Clarke, DL Richardson, CB Ellerton, PR Kendall TaylorEvaluation Of The Sign Of Anaesthesia By A Photographic Method. 66Preliminary ResultsA Pechereau, F Lingereux, MA Qyere, F Lavenant, M WeberIntractable Diplopia Due To Non-Traumatic Loss Of Motor Fusion 73S Shah, AL Spencer, AM AnsonsA Study Of The Method Of Testing And Recording Of The Post-Operative Diplopia Test 79C Gray, A Ansons, A SpencerThe Management Of Diplopia Using Bangerter Graded occlusive Foils 85A Mcintyre, P FellsPsychological Characteristics Of Orthoptic Patients Being Assessed For Cosmetic 91Strabismus SurgeryC Gray, AM Ansons, J KinseyHorizontal Diplopia After Retinal Detachment Surgery And Pre-Existing 96HeterophoriaM Bouron MadignierEffect Of Bifocals On Accommodation Range In Hypoaccommodatives 101H Muthlendyck, J GoerdtAccommodative Range In Accommodative Esotropia. Is It Necessarily Adversely 106Affected By The Use Of Bifocal Spectacles.C Calcutt, P Kinnear, H ArmstrongHolmium: Yag LTK: A New Tool For Correction Of Accommodative Esotropia 111S Frosini, R Campa, R Caputo, A Francini P Grasso Cannizzo, E Trivell, L Crocianni, GLeopardi, A LA Tone, R FrostiniAbolition Of Cyclic Esotropia Following Retention Of Binocular 117Function By Optical Correction Of The Deviation On Squinting DaysG WoodruffCyclic (Alternate Day) Esotropia. Case Report And Literature Review 118F RoweBilateral Vertical Recti Recessions For Vertical Abnormal Head-Posture In 124Congenital Nystagmus: Are They Successful? Do They Create AlphabeticDisequilibrium?AC Spielmann, A Spielmann

Alternating Esotropia, Toricollis And Head Tremor In Non-Decussating 130Retinal Fugal Fibre SyndromeP Apkarlan, JTHN De Faber, L Wenniger PrickChanges Of Subjective And Objective Cyclodeviation By Inferior Oblique Muscle 135RecessionHD Schworn, KP Boergen, S Eithoff, M SchaumbergerSurgical Treatment Of Bilateral Trochlear Nerve (NIV) Palsy With Special Regard To 141CyclodeviationT Krzizok, M Graf, H KaufmannEffect Of Minimal Inferior Oblique Recession In V-Pattern 147KP Boergen, AL Ali, HD SchwormThe Conservative Treatment Of Vertical And Oblique Muscles Deviation 153GT Baranowska, L Puchalska-NiedbalLong Term Follow Up Of Botulinum Toxin Treatment In Essential 159Infantile Esotropia And In Late-Onset Normosensorial EsotropiaC Shaivi, L Scorolli, EC CamposSpontaneous Consecutive Esotropia 164RS Edwards, J Butler- Keast, JF Shilling, MF BarnettEarly Versus Late Alignment Of Infantile Esotropia 169Assaf ACurrent State Of The Early Vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Study 175U HaagAdjustable Suture Techniques In Strabismus Surgery 181AM Mcelvaney, T Sabala, AM AnsonsPathogenesis Of Visual Symptoms During Occlusion Therapy For Amblyopia 187RA Harrad, BS Tam, A Whittaker, RB EllinghamThe Onset And Recovery Of Motion Perception Deficits In Acute Sixth Nerve Palsy 192J Hoffmann-Shallo, CR Bentley, AB Cobo Lewis, JF Acheson, AM Bronstein,MA GrestyDepth And Size Of Suppression Scotomas In Micro And Diveregent Strabismus 198MV Joose, EM Simonsz, EM Van Minderhout, PTVM De JongA Test For Retinal Correspondence Without Artificial Dissociation 204V Herzau, N Hockele, M SchrzOutcome Of Initial Botulinum Toxin Therapy In Patients With Consecutive And 211Secondary ExotropiaJ Lawson, L Kousoulides, J LeeOperative Findings In Patients With Consecutive Divergence Strabismus 216CJ Heaven, AM AnsonsLong-Term Results Of Surgery For Consecutive And Secondary Exotropia 222L Kousoulides, J Lawson, P Fells, J LeeTreatment For A Or V Pattern Exotrophia By Slanting Recession Of Internal Rectus 227Muscles For InsertionB Bierder, R FrillingFunctional Care With Botulinum Toxin Treatment 232V Balakrishman, V Maurino, E Lymburn, C Macewan, JP Lee,Conjuntival Closure In Strabismus Surger. Vicryl Vs Fibrin Glue 238G Rosenthal, B BiernerAnalysis Of The Results Of 14 Cases Of Strabismus Surgery In Dysthyroid 243Eye DiseaseMP Clarke, P Kendall Taylor, CP EllertonColour Doppler Imaging Of Superior Ophthalmic Vein In Thyroid 249Associated Eye DiseaseD Can, SB Ozam, H Ozdemir, A Atilla, MF Soyley, S DumanSurgical Repair Of Orbital Fractures At What Time? 255RJ Grootendorts, K Verhoeff, R Wijngaarde, K De Man, JTHN De FaberUnilateral Coronal Synostosis 258

JW Walker, I Russel-Eggitt, I Hayward, R JonesAnalysis Of Nystagmus 265M GrestyIdiopathic Congenital Nystagmus – Examination Of Relatives 269J Shallo-HoffmannCongenital Nystagmus: Masquerade Syndromes 274AT MooreSurgery To Dampen Nystagmus 286A SpielmannManagement Of Contemporary Head Posture In Congenital Nystagmus 293J LeeBotulinum Toxin In Late Onset Esotropia And Influence Of Potential Binocularity 305A Chandnu, A WardThe Results Of Surgical Treatment In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 306SB Ozkan, D Can, AK Arsan, S Demirei, R Kasim, S DumanSurgical Results In Highly Asymmetric Dissociated Vertical Deviations 312D Can, SB Ozkan, R Kasim, S DumanDifferential Diagnosis And Indications Of Surgical Treatment Of Congenital 317Or Acquired paresis Of The Trochlear NerveKM Krystkown, A Kubatko Zielinska, E WojcikPost-Decompressive Orbitotomy Changes In Ocular Motility Graves-Basedows 323OphthalmologyA Lepri, U Benelli, A Parmini, F Fornaro, S Sellari-Franceschetti, A Pinchera, M NardiPatient V Practitioner Perception Of Outcome In Intermittent Esotropia 329Of Distance TypeJES White, P Fells, JP LeeUse Of Tropicamide For Fine Adjustment After Exotropia Surgery 334A Furukawa, S Sugimoto, Y Hatsukawa, P FellsTreatment For Convergence Insufficiency By Slanting Angle Medial 340Rectus Muscle ResectionB BiernerSaccade Characteristics In Acute Sixth Nerve Palsy 344CR Bently, JA Shallo-Hoffman, MC Faldon, JE Acheson, MA ChestyPhotographic Method Of Measurement Of Ocular Deviation By Analysis Of The 350Corneal Reflex. Results In 15 Normal SubjectsF Lignereux, M Weber, A PechereauStudy Of Optokinetic And Caloric Nystagmus In Patients With Congenital 355NystagmusM Jarzebinska-Vecerova, L PospiechDoes Random-Dot Contrast Influence Stereoacuity? 361A Fea, P Mazzetti, M Musso, P Angelillo, M Vitale BrovaroneInvestigating Diplopia And Suppression With The Post-Operative Diplopia Test, 362The Results With Prisms Compared With Botulinum ToxinAL Spencer, CM Gray, AM AnsonsThe Study Of Ocular Dynamics Through The Grid Method 368GOP Gracis, G CattiniScreening For Suppression With The Polaroid Suppression Test 374J Pott, JTHN De Faber, C Wemes, MA LageslagThe Crowding Phenomenon An Additional Approach To An Old Phenomenon 375B Stankovic, GH Kolling, B Stankov, V DjokieAre ACP Useful In The assessment Of Strabismic And Anisometropic Amblyopi? 380A Fea, C Corgiat-Mecio, N Fidanza, M Musso, F Brovarone-VitaleSaccade Amplitudes In Strabismus 381AF Vcan Leenwen, LTHN De Faber, J Van Der Steen, H CollewijnThe Evaluation Of Congenital Double Elavator Palsy With Magnetic 387Resonance Imaging

SB Ozkan, M Aribal, D Can, AK Arsan, S DumanStrabismus In Williams-Bueren Syndrome Report Of The 3 Operated Cases 392E D E Ancos, G KlaingutiOcular Motor Apraxia Of Downgaze 397AY Firth, JP BurkeLoss Of Binocularity Following Eximer Laser Correction Of Myopia 403MP Clarke, S Webber, J Garston

Transactions 23 rd European Strabismological AssociationJune 1996, Nancy, FranceAmblyopia In Infantile Esotropia 13Y H Jin, S C Park, M S Kook, A A ZubcovAnisometopia And Amblyopia In Non-Strabismic Children 15M Spiritus, D Yuksel, S Vandelannoitte, D HoffmannUse of Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials To Diagnose And Treat Strabismic 21Amblyopia In Very Young ChildrenAmblyopia In Sweden. Effects Of Screening At Health Care Centres And In School 25P Jakobsson, G Kvarnstrom, G LennerstrandFoveation In Latent Nystagmus Observed With A Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope 33V Herzau, N Hockele, H Hettesheimer, R P TornowObjective And Subjective Torsional Measurement In The IV Nerve Palsy With The 39Scanning Laser OphthalmoscopeMotion Detection Deficits In Infantile Residual Esotropia Without Nystagmus 45J Shallo-Hoffman, M Faldon, S Hague, P Riordan-Eva, P Fells, M GrestyRecognition Time After Four Muscle Recession For Nystagmus 49D T Sprunger, B Fahad, E M HelvestonSaccade Characteristics In Strabismus Before And After Eye Muscle Surgery 53A F Van Leeuwen, JTHN De Faber, J Van Der Steen, H CollewijnRationalising Saccadic Eye Movement Assessment 59S Mars, A Ansons, A Spencer, M Hill, D AlexopolosDoes Random Dot Contrast Influence Steroacuity? 65A Fea, G Soardo, P Mazetti, G Valli, P Angelillo, M Musso, M Vitale-BrovaroneCan Spontaneous Consecutive Exotropia Be Explained By Vergence Anomalies? 71M Van Lammeren, L De Clippeleir, L Van Eckhoutte, H Janssens, L BaekelandPhantome Aniseikonia 77W De Decker, E Danheim-De DeckerSymptomatic Accommodative Defects In Children And Young Adults 85C Calcutt, P KinnearJaw Winking Syndrome And Peripheral Mirror Movements 91M Barca, M Ribiero, C PereiraUnilateral Limitation Of Elevation Associated With Springing Pupil 96G LasorellaRelatively Late Onset Strabismus In Early Childhood 97E SchulzSugical Results In Duane Syndrome 101C Stolovitch, A Michaeli-CohenCharacteristics Of Nystagmus In Children With Down‟s Syndrome 109J Lawson, F Shawket, C Timms, D Thompson, A Kriss, I Russell-Eggitt,D Taylor, C HarrisDisappearing Diplopia: Ocular Neuromyotonia In Association With A 1154th Ventricule EpendynomaC R Bently, M A Burdon, E Tomlin, T D MatthewsStrabismus In Children With Craniopharyngioma 120C Timms, T Lavy, C De VileOcular Motility Disorders In Trigonocephaly 124A Dickmann, S Santamaria, F Velardi, G Savino, D Di Nicola, L ScullicaOcular Findings In Trigonocephaly 129D Denis, L Genitori, J ConrathASF : Report On The Last Meeting Round Table. Strabismus And Botulinum Toxin 137F PincinBotulinum Toxin In Chronic Superior Oblique Palsy 139L Graham, J Lawson, D O‟Neill, J P LeeBotulinum Toxin In Chronic Superior Oblique Palsy 145

M De Lourdes Vieira, J A Dias, C CavacoDiplopia Following Botulinum Toxin Injection 149L Kowal, S Wutthiphan, S Gonex, O‟Day, J PriceSixty Strabismus Cases Operated With The Computerized strabismus Model: 153When Does It Benefit, When Not?H J Simonsz, H M Van Minderhout, H SpekreijseValidations Of Donders Law With Computerized Ocular Motor Analysis System 159R S Jampel, D X ShiResults Of Joint Refractive And Oculomotor Treatment In High Unilateral 161Myopia In AdultsD ThouveninOculomotor Disturbance Induced By Wrong Proprioception 167O Alves Da SilvaDiagnosis Of A Masked Bilateral Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy 173P A Evens, D Godts, M J TassingnonThe Effects Of The Prism Adatption Test (PAT) On The Measurements Of 179A And V PatternsS Veronneau-Troutman, E Schuler-Traykovski, S ShippmanCan the Benefit Of Prism Adaption Be Achieved In A Shorter Time Span? 185J D Baker, M R Altman, M Schweers, J PetruankA Decision Making Approach In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Accommodative 191SquintC Kingma-Wilschut, JTHN De Faber, M Wildervanck De BlecourtEvaluation of The Minimum Angle In Posterior Fixation 199B Tapiero, A Pechereau, I RissCongenital Superior Oblique Palsy. Morphological Study By High Resolution 204Magnetic Resonance ImagingF Lignereux, M Duffas, M Gayet, A PechereauMRI Findings In Congenital And Acquired Superior Oblique Palsy 209M Sato, Y Ota, S AwayaAngular Variations Under Different Conditions Of Stimulation In Divergent Squints 210A Pechereau, H Tessier, L Champion, F Lavenant, M A QuereNew Surgical Approach For The Congenital Absence Of Inferior Rectus Muscle 217A Yoonae, ChoLate Overcorrections In Inferior Muscle Surgery For Vertical Squint Correction 218D Lioumi, R GregsonLong Term Results Of Strabismus Surgery 223N Jeanrot, F Jeanrot, L BezaitSurgical Measurement Of Anomalous Head Posture Due To Supranuclear 229Gaze Palsies And Acquired NystagmusC Schiavi, L Scorolli, E C CamposBilateral Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession In Primary Exotropia With Convergence 235Excess And Consecutive Exotropia Due To Medial Rectus Faden OperationM Graf, T Krzizok, H HaufmannTricks And Tips In Adjustable Surgery 241A Spielmann, A C SpielmannCombined Strabismus Surgery (Adjustable Technique) With Cataract Extraction 247M El Cherbini, F El SayyadMedial Rectus Insertion On Tenon‟s Capsule 248L Sekkat, P De Gottrau, A RothA-/V- Patterns Combined With Stilling Turk Duane‟s Sretraction Syndrome 252K Hartmann, H MuuhlendyckThe Effect Of The Orbital Floor Fracture Operations On The Ocular Motility 257Restoration In ChildrenA Gerinec, J MracnaRotary Kestenbaum – Torsional Shift Operation For Congenital Nystagmus With 263

Anomalous Head Posture And Marked Head TiltK M Krzystkowa, C Bilska, A Kubatko-ZielinskaSuperior Olique Tendon Advancement For Primary Or Residual Superior Oblique 271UnderactionV M G Ferguson, J P LeeA Retrospective Review Of Superior Oblique Tucks In The Management Of 277Superior Oblique Under-ActionA S Narita, J Patterson, L Garnham, J P LeeTraumatic Superior Oblique Deficiencies: Is Resection Of The SO Tendon 283Convenient For All Clinical Pattern?J L George, T Malet, K Angioi-Duprex, T Maalouf, M O CordonnierResults Of Different Surgical Procedures In Trochlear Palsy 289K P Boergen, M Arzt, H D SchwormVisual Illusion Perception In Amplyopia Patients 295R Bolzani, C Cipolli, A Gioia, E C CamposPattern Visual Evoked Potentials (PVEP) And Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG) 301In Anisometropic AmblyopiaM Di Pietro, F Cavallaro, V Marion, E Canino, J P Ott, V RussoComparative Study With MRI Of Corpus Callosum In The Amblyopic Strabismus 307And Non Strabismic Subject. Attempt Of Correlation With Animal PhysiologyY Dordain, B Roussat, M T Iba-Zizen, C Milleret, Cabanise, H HamardVEP Mapping In Diagnosis Of Amblyopia 308I Loskoutov, A Shamshinova, R IbatulinThe Development Of The Visual Acuity And The Oculomotricity After 309Strabismus Surgery In Infantile Encephalopathy: Our Experience In 9 CasesG Porro, M Delpiano, R Tochio, C Bredariol, M MussoVernier Acuity Cards In Microtropic, Anisometropic And Strabismic Amblyopia 315A Fea, R Anfossi, M Musso, P Perino, G Soardo, F Vitale-BrovaroneExperience With Occlusive Contact Lenses In The Treatment Of Strabismic And 320Anisometropic AmblyopiaE De Giogia, M Musso, P Perino, B Paulon, F M GrignoloTelescopic Systems As A Help In Treatment Of Deeply Amblyopic Eyes In 325Grown-Up ChildrenL J Mawas, S FatehNuclear MRI In A Rare Case Of Bilateral Moebius Syndrome 329C Rechichi, T A Huisman, G Tripodi, B Ricci, G FerreriMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Study Of The Superior Oblique. 335Results In 10 Normal SubjectsF Ligneruex, M Duffas, M Gayet, A PerchereauA New Method To Study The Functionality Of Extraocular Muscles: 339Dynamic EchographyV Russo, M Di Pietro, E G Canino, J NiciezaForce Development And Saccadic Velocity In Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy 345S Tian, G Lennerstrand, Y NishidaMyopathic Extraocular Muscles In Thyroid Eye Disease. A Report On 3 Cases 350A Spencer, A Ansons, S Mars, C GrayEstimation Of Duction Ranges Using Visual Acuity 355B Arens, C R Bently, J F Acheson, M A GrestyThe Field Of BSVB Using The Transparent Grid Method In Diplopia 361G P Gracis, G CattiniPsychologicval Aspects Caused By Strabismus In Children And Adolescents 369S Boshakovska, N Pop-JordanovaOpthalmological Check-Up Aiming The Early Detection Of Strabismus Of 374Kindergarten ChildrenM Nagy, G Szerbak, L PappIncomitant Skew Deviation In Association With Arnold-Chiari Malformation 375

L Baker, A M AnsonsMedial Rectus Paresis, A Rare Complication Of Spinal Analgesia (Case Report) 381M G Bucci, F Pinto, C Anzidei, R GianniniDiplopia As A Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestation Caused By The Exposure To 382Gluaraldeide-Phenato SolutionL Mazzantini, A Tribios, G Melino, E Bordi, R Giannini, R AppolloniConsecutive Inferior Oblique Underaction In Resolving Superior Oblique Palsy 383A S Narita, J P LeeSpinal Misalignment And Tensional Headache Before And After Surgery In 389Unilateral Superior Oblique PalsyA Piantanida, A Criscuoli, L Vacchini, M Stoppani, P NucciWorldwide Study Of Surgical Management Of Strabismus 395M Bourron-Madignier, C BourronConservative Management Of Diplopia After Orbital Blow Out Fracture 401M Neufeld, V Maurino, J P LeeMedical Treatment Of Ontermitent Exotropia : Anew Prismatic Approach 403V ParisInflammation Study After Strabismus Surgery With Laser Flare-Cell Meter 409J L Llamas, M TaglioniLocal Anesthesia From Strabismus Surgery 414D R Manley, L NelsonAntiemetic Prophylaxis With Metoclopramide Or Ondansetron In 415Strabismus SurgeryO Elibol, S Serin, N Yuksel, Y Caglar, M GonuluNasal Transportation Of The Superior Oblique Tendon For Treatment Of 423Browns SyndromeB BierdnerThe Ocular Fibrosis Syndrome: The Role Of Vertical Transposition Of The 429Horizontal Rectus Muscles In These PatientsM Hill, A Ansons, C Gray, A SpencerKestenbaum Principle Versus Surgical Rotation Of The Involved Eye 435Alone For Correction Of Paretic StrabismusG KommerellAcquired Paralysis Of Cranial Nerve 6, 4 And 3 : Method Of Treatment 439And ResultsA Kubatko-Zielinska, K M Krzystkowa, E WojcikAmount Of Kestenbaum Surgery For Correction Of Abnormal Head Posture 445In Infantile NystagmusJb Lee, S H HanThe Use Of 5 Fluorouracil, Botulinum Toxin And Traction Sutures In The 451Management Of The Adhesive SyndromeA Mcelvanney, A Ansons, A SpencerAdjustable Recession Of Medial Recti And Without Viscoelatic Substances 457V Russo, M Di Pietro, S Giuffrida, M Taffara, E CaninoAn Expert System For Directions About Surgery Of Convergent Strabismus. 465Validation Of ResultsR Frosini, S Frosini, R Caputo, L Campa, C De LiberoGraphics And Statistics With A New Data Base For Strabismus 471A A Zubcov, P AtarkEvaluation Of Interactive Computer Technology For Patient Education 476And InformationJ T H N De Faber, U F Hiddema, K R PameijerThe E S A Homepage 477T D Matthews, E A TomlinValidation Of Strabismus Angle And Refractive Measurement By 478Computerized Photo Screening

R Laroche, R C Scot, P Gregson, P Kozousck, L Dhurjon

Transactions 24 th European Strabismological AssociationSeptember 1997, Vilamoura, PortugalThe Problem To Compare Early And Late Surgery For Treatment Of Infantile 21EsotropiaW Happe, W De DeckerState Of The Early Vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Study 27K Meyer, H Simonsz, Kolling G, U Hag, H DinkelLong-Term Motor Results And Frequency Of Reoperations In Congenital Esotropia 33T Rzizok, A Teller, H KaufmannLong Term Results Of Surgical Treatment For Convergence Excess Esotropia 34M Neufeld, L Garnham, J LeeSurgical Correction Of Convergence Excesses 39S Frosini, L Campa, R Caputo, R FrosiniThe Gradient Of Passive Muscle Forces Measured During Eye-Muscle 45Surgery For Concomitant EsotropiaA Roth, A Sansonetti-Ferrario, S DrameEsotropia In Young Adults 51M L VieraBinocularity In Accommodative Esotropia 57B Gokyigit, B Kose, E Kadioglu, U ManzakogluThe Effect Of Asymmetrical Recessions Of The Four Horizontal Recti In Refractive 63Accommodative EsodeviationsL De Clippeleir, L Van Eeckhoutte, M Van Lammeren, L Baekeland, H JanssensThe Post Operative Diplopia Test And Botulinum Toxin As Predictors Of 69Post-Operative Sensory OutcomeA Spencer, A Andsons, A Denning, A KranemannBotulinum Toxin In Congenital Esotropia. A 28 Month Follow-Up 75M Ribeiro, M Oliviera, J Viera, M Barca, C PereiraTreatment Of Convergence Problems With Botulinum Neurotoxin A 78T Matthews, E Tomlin,Eye Position Under General Anaesthetic, Variation With Time And Light 85A Pechereau, J Hlbardier, C Raynal, F Oger-LavenantOcular Motility Disturbances following Surgery For Retinal Detachement 91V Maurino, A Kwan, B Khoo, E Gair, J LeeDoes The Degree Of Inferior Rectus Palsy Influence The Effectiveness 97Of The Inverse Knapp ProcedureSubjective And Objective Cyclorotatory Changes Following The Modified 103Harada-Ito Procedure For Acquired Uni- And Bilateral Trochlear PalsyH Schworm, S Horstmann, T Ring, K P BoergenA Modified Prognosis Of Anterior Segment Ischaemia Following Strabismus Surgery 109K P Boergen, M Arzt, H SchwormPre-Operative Simulation Of Detached Extraocular Muscles During 114Strabismus Surgery Under Topical AnaesthesiaA Ansons, A Denning, A Spencer, C KranemannLong-Term Prognosis Of Anterior Segment Ischaemia Following Strabismus 119SurgeryM Burdon, J LeeSubconjunctival Abscess As A Complication Of Strabismus Surgery 120J T De Faber, R Grootendorst, D ParidaensResults Of Superior Oblique Posterior Tentomy 129V Vempali, J LeePersistent Superior Oblique Overaction After Surgical Treatment Of 135A-Pattern AnisotropiaA Castanera De Molina, M Giner-MunozSuperior Rectus Recession With Temporal Transposition Of The Tendon In 141

Dissociated Vertical Deviations With ExcyclodeviationA Spielmann, A C SpielmannThe Head Tilt In Dissociated Vertical Deviation (Dvd) : Is There A 147Relationship To Torsion?A Firth, J BurkeReduced Steroacuity And Binocular Beat Visual Evoked Potential In 153Patients With Duanes SyndromeJ Sloper, C Garnham, D Plunkett, R Dyason, P GousOcular Movements Recording In Type I Duane‟s Syndrome 159A Dickmann, G Savino, D Di NicholaObjective Criteria Of Control In Intermittent Exotropia 167C Yildirim, H Altinsoy, E YakutThe Role Of Distance Stereopsis And Foveal Fusion In The Surgical Treatment Of 173Intermitent ExotropiaH Altinsoy, C Yildirim, M MutluEye Position Changes By Activation Of Eye And Neck Muscle Proprioceptors 179In Normal And Exotropic SubjectsG Lennerstrand, Y HanSymmetrical Vs Asymmetrical Surgery In Intermittent Basic Exotropia 185M Siritus, S Vandelannoite, D YukselStretching Of Horizontal Recti In Consecutive Exotropias 191F Oger-Lavenant, A PerchereauThe Management Of Intractable Diplopia With Occlusive Contact Lenses 197L Garnham, C Astin, J LeeEvaluation Of Methods For Assessing Visual Function In Children 0-1 ½ 203Years Of Age With Normal Vision, Strabismic Amblyopia And Low VisionA Rydberg, G LennerstrandA Valid Treatment And Criterion For Cure Of Strabismic Amblyopia 204J LangAmblyopia: A Review Of Treatment In Apparently Irreversible Cases 208F Reich D‟almeida, I Reich D‟almeidaThe Features Of A-Pattern Esotropia In Thyroid Eye Disease 214C Kranemann, A Ansons, A Denning, A SpencerHigh Levels Of Concomitant Cyclotorsion In Thyroid Eye Disease 220H Davis, A Ansons, A Denning, A Kranemann, A SpencerEye Muscles Study In Young Patients With Grave‟s Disease 225A Piantanida, L Pierro, M Stoppani, P NucciThe Effect Of Asymmetrical Congenital Idiopathic Nystagmus On 230The Long-Term Development Of Visual AcuityA Ansons, A Mcelvanney, A SpencerThe Importance Of Acuity Testing And Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) Assessment 237In Craniofacial DysostosisJ Walker, A Kriss, I Russell-Eggitt, R Hayward, B JonesThe Existence Of Dissociated Vertical Deviation In Subjects Without 241Ocular AbnormalitiesL Van Rijn, M Ten Tusscher, I De Jong, F HendrikseMotility Disorders In Hemifacial Atrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome) 246C Kingma-Wilschut, W Van Den Bosch, J T De FaberExcimer Laser Photofractive Keratectomy: The Effect Of Binocular Function 252J WhiteBilateral Monocular Diplopia – A Cause For Concern Or Not? 257W Marshman, G Adams, P Riordan-EvaStrabismus As First Symptom Of The Severe Intraocular Disease In Children 261A GerinecOphthalmic Presentation And Sequelae Of Childhood Medulloblastoma 267L Cassidy, R Stirling, R Hole, K May, R Doran

Infranuclear Ophthalmoplegia: Investigation And Management 277J ElstonOculo-Vestibular System Control 283A SafranCyclotropia 287C Schiavi“Intractable” Diplopia In A Young Man. A Sad Story 288J LeeSurgery In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 291G LennerstrandCase Report: Esotropia And Abnormal Head Posture With Nystagmus Blockage In 294Adduction. Evolution Apparently As A Lat Monophthalmic Syndrome WithContralateral AmblyopiaF Reich D‟almeidaCupers Faden Operation – Posterior Fixation Suture – Illustrated By A Case Report 297A RothOscillopsia And Nystagmus Surgery 300A SpielmannVisual Acuity Screening In Children Using Television Screen 305A Assaf, M DowaidiDistribution And Ranges Of Refractive Errors In Infancy. A Data Base For Future 311Programmes Of Amblyopia PreventionM Giner-Munoz, A Castanera De MolinaAmblyopia As A Cause Of Visual Handicap 317P Jakobsson, G Kvarnstrom, M Abrahamsson, E Bjernbrink-Hornblad, B SunnqvistStrabismus In A Familial Basis 325M Barca, M Ribeiro, C PereiraA Protocol For The Orthoptic Management Of Children Treated For Stage III 330Retinopathy Of PrematurityC Bently, B Mccarry, B Schulenberg,Adjustable Light Flash Friby © For Measuring Stereoacuities Of Children Aged 33110-50 MonthsJ Frisby, H Davis, L HansonAssessment Of A New Method Of Examination Of Eye Position Under 337General AnaestheticThe Refractive Components In Binocularity Disturbances 342L Lindberg, H ErkkilaA Prospective Evaluation Of Strabismus Comparing Results Of Distance Fixation 347Orthoptic Tests At 3m And 6mA Mcintyre, C LewisInfluence Of Target Type On Level Of Accommodation 348D Nicholas, A Firth, J WhittlePrism Glasses Prescribed With Pola-Test Or With Conventional Orthoptic Exam 354H SimonszThe Use Of Boinocular Acuity In The Assessment Of Intermittent Exotropia 356G LarocheSurgery For Small-Angle Esotropia – One Vs Two Medial Rectus Muscles Recession 359B BiednerResidual Medial Rectus Muscles Overaction In Undercorrected Comitant Esotropia 368D Sprunger, B WassermanRepetitive Stress Injury (RSI) And Thyroid Myopathy 375A Assaf, A Heywood, J Eyre, D JonesMedial Rectus Re-Recession For Unacceptable Face Turn And Esotropia In Duane‟s 381Retraction SyndromeA Case Report Of Synergistic Divergence And Duane‟s Type II Occurring T 385Ogether In The Same Patient

A Denning, A Ansons, A Spencer, C KranemannFour Years Experience Of A Speciality Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome Clinic 390W Marshman, G Shalit, R Jones, J Lee, T Matthews, S MccabeLoss Of Vision In Duane‟s Syndrome – A Time To Consider Alternate Pathology395W Marshman, J Lee, B Jones, G Schalit, G HolderVertical Fusional Amplitude In Thyroid Associated Eye Disease 399S Ozkan, D Can, M Soylev, Z Can Karaman, E Kir, A Arsan, S DumanBotulinum Toxin In Traumatic Sixth Nerve Palsy: Toward An International 407Randomized TrialJ HolmesMoebius Syndrome: MRI Findings In 3 Cases 408D Lengyel, W Zaunbauer, E Keller, I GottlobIs There A Cosmetic Penalty In Leaving The Conjuctiva Recessed Following 411Adjustable Squint SurgeryI Simmons, A Ansons, A SpencerThe Use Of Tramadol Associated With Sub-Tenon‟s Anesthesia In Strabismus Surgery 415A Vinciguerra, S Pensiero, G Runti, L Borzaghini, P PerissuttiMultidisciplinary Approach In Plagiocephaly 423A Biscuoli, L Vacchini, Apiantanida, P NucciStrabismus As A Complication Of Cuba Therapy For Retinitis Pimentosa 426J T De Faber, K Verhoeff, M LangeslagCongenital Absence Of The Superior Rectus/Levator Complex - Case Report 431C Kranemann, A Anson, A Denning, A SpencerThe Effect Of Doxorubicin On Extraocular Muscle – An Experimental Study 434S Ozkan, D Can, H Bilgili, M Soylev, A Arsan, H Ustun

Transactions 25 th European Strabismological AssociationSeptember 1999, Jerusalem, IsraelIntroduction Of The Fourth ESA Lecturer 1A SpielmannEssential Infantile Esotropia: A Controversial Subject 4E C CamposEye Interactions In Strabismic And Nonstrabismic Amblyopia 15I Boycuk, O Kovaliova, V MorozMotion Detection In Anomalous Retinal Correspondence 25S Piaggi, R Bolsani, V Belli, E C CamposIntensive Occlusion Therapy For Amblyopia 31S E Dorey, G G W Adams, J P LeeThe Breaking Point For Developing Anisometropic Amblyopia In 34Hypertropic ChildrenM J Moseley, A R Fielder, M NeufeldDetection Of Amblyogenic Risk Factors By Pediatric Residents Using The MTI 35Photoscreener And The Bruckner‟s TestE A Paysse, D K Coats, G C Williams, E WilliamsSuccessful Occlusion In Complaint Amblyopic Elderly Children 41A Piantanida, S VerganiVisual Function, Refractive Errors And Strabismus In Patients With 49Familial Isolated Ocular ColobomaL Gradstein, E Ronen, N Belfair, T Lifshitz, B BiednerSpasm Of The Near Reflex: Analyisis Of The Clinical Characteristics 55A Mcintyre, J SloperWhy should Bielschowski Head Tilt Be Negative In Patients With Skew Deviation? 61A B Safran, B RossillionAcquired Moebius Like Syndrome: Case Report 62C Schiavi, C Bellusci, E C CamposVertical Diplopia Following Local Anaesthetic Cataract Surgery – 66Predominantly A Left Eye Problem?I A Pearce, P M Mccreedy, M P Watson, R H TaylorSurgery And Botulinum Toxin Treatment In Ocular Myasthenia 69C Bentley, E Dawson, S Bhermi, J LeeToxin And Transportation Revisited 74E Dawson, C Bently, J LeeBotulinum Toxin A: Its Use In The Management Of Patients With 79Binocular ResultsJ White, E Dawson, J LeeThe Role Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A (BTXA) In Secondary Strabismus 84S Woodruff, E Dawson, J LeeA Case Of Hypotropic Dissociated Vertical Deviation: Surgical Management 93S P Kraft, E L Irving, M J Steinbach, A V LevinAdjustable Strabismus Surgery – Who Needs Adjusting? 96M D Mohamed, J A BradburyPhamocologic Stabilization Of Hang-Back Recessions 97P Nemet, Y MoradIntraoperative Adjustment Of Eye Musclesbased On Position Of 100Eyes During Non-Depolarizing Muscle Relaxant Anesthesia:A Surgical Technique.M I StavisThe Use Of Sub-Tenon‟s Ropivacaine In Managing Strabismus With Adjustable 106Sutures

G Walters, O G Stewart, J A BradburyMeasurements For Horizontal Extraocular Muscle Surgery From The 110Suture Site: Outcome And Influencing FactorsZ I Segal, U Rehany, S RumeltCombined Adjustable Strabismus And Intraocular Lens Surgery 113H Basmak, N Erol, M Dogramaci, S Topbas, S YurdakulCross-Suture Resection Technique Effectiveness 114C Chiesi, D PalmieraSimultaneous Six-Muscle Surgery For Essential Infantile Esotropia 119S Frosini, R Caputo, L Campa, R FrosiniDelayed Surgery For Long-Standing Strabismus: Subjective And Objective Outcome 125H Leiba, E Rechtman, B Zwilling, A PollackEvaluation Of An Analgesic Protocol In Strabismus Surgery 129A Perchereau, V Tascon, P Grivaux, B SohouaAnalysis Of Video Pictures Registration Showing Patients With 135Nystagmus Basing On Own Computer ProgrammeL Puchalska-Niedbal, T Baranoswka-GeorgeDiagnosis And Management Of Slipped Muscle 140J Raz, J Bernheim, M Freund, S Aharonowitz, C Saar, E AssiaOur Experience In The Testing Of Visual Acuity In Preliterate Children 143P Cohen, S Ronen, Y RozenmanIs Ultrasonography Effective At Localising Extra Ocular Muscle 144Insertions Accurately?S E Dorsey, G Banerjee, M Restore, G G W Adams, J P Lee, J J SloperBinocular Function In Unilateral Traumatic Aphakia 149L Graham, J LeeThe Range Of Ocular Movements Decreases With Ageing 152R A Clark, S J IsenbergBinocular Functions In Patients With Keratoconus Managed 158With Scleral Contact LensesJ E S White, G G W Adams, H Sherafat, K Pullum, J J SloperFusional Responses In Strabismic Patients 165A Dickmann, G Savino, A Salerni, D Di NicholaThe Clinical Features Of Albinism And Their Correlation With 171Visual Evoked PotentialsS E Dorsey, M M Neveu, L C Burton, J J Sloper, G E HolderBinocular Measurement Of Fundus Correlated Objective Cycloposition 176In Physiological ViewingO Ehrt, H Schworm, K BoergenThe Stability Of The Controlateral Eye In Strabismus Surgery Under 181General AnaesthesiaA Percherau, J M Halberdier, C LucasOculomotor Surgery In Adult Patients. Why Is It So Frequently Rejected? 186A C Spielmann, A Spielmann3 Dimensions Of Squint: New Ways To Measure 192H Wassill, H KaufmannChanges In Ocular Motility And Eye Position After Three-Wall Orbital 199Decompression By Anterior Or Bicornal ApproachD Godts, F De Wilde, M J TassignonStrabismus Fixus: Biopsy Of All Extraocular Muscles And New 205Histological FindingsD C Mather, B J Clarke, G G W AdamsDouble Depressor Palsy With Results Of Surgery And MRI Examination 208S B Ozkan, V Dayanir, Z C Karaman, M F SoylevAbnormal Extraocular Muscle Insertions And Muscle Fibrosis: 214A Family Report

A Roth, G KlaingutiThyrotropin Receptor Immunoreactivity Inextraocular Muscles Of Patients 220With Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy Compared To No ThyroidInflammatory Orbital Disease And “Normals”M Spiritus, A Boschi, C Daumerie, M C Many, M LudgateResults Of Long Term Follow Up In Accommodative Esotropia 229C Stolovitch, M KisilevskyVisual Impairment In Exophoria Compensated By Accommodative Convergence 232S Motsch, H MuhlendyckOphthalmologic And Facial Features In Spina Bifida 236E A Paysse, D K Coates, A KhokharThe Early Vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Study: Quality 242Management For The Final Examination ProcedureK Unnebrink, H Breitschwerdt, G KollingSaccadic Binocular Coordination In Alternating Exotropia 248A F Van Leewen, J T De Faber, J Van Der Steen, H CollewijnSurgical Management Of Strabismus In Craniofacial Dysostosis 257D K Coats, E A Paysse, D StagerMeasurement Of Alphabet Patterns 262H Davis, L BakerHeterotopy Of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys Causing Incomitant Strabismus? 268A Case StudyJ T De Faber, K Verhoeff, A F Van LeeuwenOculomotor Balance And Plagiocephaly 274D Denis, J Conrathe, E HadjadjLong-Term Results Of Surgery For ExodeviationH Leiba, O Mahler, B Hadas, B Zwilling, M Mamos, A PollackThe Quality Of Potential Binocularity During Prism Adaption For Primary 313Acquired Constant EsotropiaL Baker, H PriceModified Anteriorization Of Inferior Oblique For Prevention Of Restriction Of 318Elevation In AbductionY A ChoConvergence And Accommodative Insufficiency After Minor Head Trauma 319P Cohen, J Druyanov, S Ronen, Y RozenmanPredisposing Factors For Late Postoperative Divergence. 320Retrospective Data Of 968 Esotropia Cases Operated On By Bilateral LaminotomiaM Fodor, K MolnarDissociated Horizontal Deviation (DHD): Diagnosis And Surgical Treatment 321N Garcia-Garcia, F Gomez-Villaescusa, M C Arias-LopezJensen Procedure For Sixth Nerve Palsy 322M LevinMedial Transposition Of The Lateral Rectus Muscle In Combined Third 327And Fourth Nerve PalsyY Morad, P NemetManagement Of Large Angle Exotropia 328J Raz, E Pras, C Saar, Y Stern, E I AssiaClinical Patterns Of Skew Deviation 329B Rosssillion, A B SafranEye Movement Auditory Biofeedback Therapy For Patients With Nystagmus 330A Rydeberg, Y Han, K CiuffredaEfficacy Of Diclofenac Versus Dexamethasone For Poststrabismus 335Surgery TreatmentM Snir, R Siegel, R Friling, D WeinbergerBilateral Type II Duane‟s Syndrome Revealed By Electromyographic 336And Infrared Oculographic Features

A Vinciguerra, A Accardo, S Pensiero, M Carrozzi, P PerissuttiMedial Rectus Electromyogrraphic Pattern In Long Lasting Paresis 337After Single Botulinum Toxin InjectionA Viniguerra, A Gemma, S Pensiero, F Parentin, P PerissuttiStrabismus Surgery Under Acupuncture Anethesia 338H J WisnickiScreening Tests For Early Detection Of Amblyopia And Strabismus 339T Karpati, I Kaiserman, J Peler, J H Abramson, H Paly, I Hirsch,Y Neumark, A Mazover, L Yanko

Transactions 26 th European Strabismological AssociationSeptember 2000, Barcelona, SpainPrevalence Of Amblyopia In Sweden 1970 And 1992 3G Lennerstrand, M Hauffman, P Jakobsson, G Kvarnstrom, A LindebergAmblyopia And Visual Impairment – The Effect On Visual Function 7A Bruce, J A BradburyGuideline For Comparability Of Occlusion Therapy In Amblyopia 10D FriedrichRelative Amblyopia: Functional Chances Of Early Treatment 14O Ehrt, K P BoergenRefraction Of Amblyopics After Pleoptic Treatment 18L Lindberg, H Erkkila, A KankainenComputerised Hess V Lee Screen Test In Strabismus Assessment 23A Assaf, R GallaherRandom Dot Stereo Butterfly As Screening Test For Manifest Strabismus 27J D Baker, W Mcfarlane, J Hymers, M Smith, R C RaoMeasurement Of Cyclotorsion In Superior Oblique Palsy Surgery 31A Perchereau, J M Hlabardier, D LasalleMeasuring Cycloposition In Natural Viewing Conditions With Scanning Laser 35Ophthalmoscope FunduscyclometryO Ehrt, H D Schworm, K P BoergenStrabismologic Advice For The Refractive Surgeon 41J T H N De Faber, M Tjon Fo SangOculomotor Status In Treated Monocular Congenital Cataracts 44D Thouvenin, E Taurines, P NobletFells-Waddell-Rodrigues Syndrome 51P Gomez De Liano, J Ortega-Usobiagi, B Moreno Gracia, P Merino SanzThe Early Vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Study 57K Unnebrink, C Bauer, G Kolling, H J SimonszBilateral Posterior Fixation Suture (Faden Operation) On The Medial Recti In 61Essential Infantile EsotropiaR Caputo, S Frosini, L Campa, R FrosiniManagement Of Non Refractive Accommodative Esotropia With Progressive 66Contact Lenses In Children Who Refuse BifocalsC Schiavi, C Bellusci, M Bressan, E C CamposConvergence Excess Esotropia – An Exploratory Approach 70Ch Moen, I MarshSurgery Treatment Of Accommodative Esotropia 74F Gomez, N GarciaManagement Of Esotropia With Convergence Excess 77A Rizk, S SheriffIs Botulinum Toxin Treatment Useful In Decompensated Microtropias? 83I B MarshDissociated Horizontal Deviation (DHD): Diagnosis And Surgical Treatment 86N Garcia Garcia, F Gomez, Villaescusa, M C Arias LopezEmesis In Strabismus Surgery 95M Anguiano, J C Castiella, M Garcia Del Valle, F Fernandez CanoSubtenons Lignocaine For Post Operative Pain Relief After Strabismus 99Surgery In ChildrenR M Sheard, J Mehta, J S Barrry, G G W AdamsSurgical Treatment Of Consecutive Exotropia 103D T Sprunger, D T Hudak, M E WhitakerThe Imbalance Between The Horizontal Recti In Consecutive Exotropia 107A Roth, F HugueninNeuroimaging As A Diagnostic Tool In Early Onset Constant Exotropia 111

A Kipioti, R H Taylor, J Cooper, R A SmithCharacteristics Of Saccadic Eye Movements In Grave‟s Ophthalmopathy 117H D Schworm, R Bolzani, L Tallstedt, J Ygge, S Tian, A Rydberg, G LennerstrandClinical Course And Prognosis Of Diplopias After Orbital Bony Wall 121Decompression For Thyroid Related OrbitopathyJ L Goerge, M E Tercero, M O Cordonnier, K Angioi-Duprez, T MaaloufNonadjustable Strabismus Surgery For Graves Ophthalmopathy 127D J M Godts, P A Evens, H Smet, F De WildeRecovery In Acute Traumatic Sixth Nerve Palsy 131J H Holmes, R W Beck, K E Kip, D A Leske, PEDIGInferior Oblique Palsy And Treatment Results 134H I Altinsoy, F M Mutlu, A BayerInferior Oblique Adhesive Syndrome 138J A Garcia De OteyzaSuperior Oblique Palsy Treated By Quantitated Tendon Tuck 145K Smyth, A Ansons, A SpencerCongenital Superior Oblique Palsy And Dissociated Vertical Deviation 149M De Lourdes Vieira, M C FerreiraNegligible Subjective Extorsion And Positive Bielschowsy 155Head Tilt Test (BHTT): So What?V ParisDouble Technique Of Botulinum Toxin (BT) Injection For Vertical Deviations 159S Brogelli, G Alfieri, S Maurri, F Balestrieri, F Pinto, R FrosiniBilateral Asymmetric Dvd Masqueurading As Unilateral Double Elevator Palsy 163M H Younis, E Khawam, A Shoughary, S Bu OrmUse Of Augmented Rectus Muscle Transposition Surgery For Complex Strabismus 167E A Paysse, D K Coats, A Ross, K M MccreerySquint Surgery in The Over Sixties 171C Bently, E Dawson, J LeeThe Significance Of Cryotherapy In Reducing Bacterial Countduring 177Experimental Scleral PerforationN Wang, D K Coats, E A Paysee, R A Saunders, P Wilson, S RossmanResults Of Eye Muscle Surgery For Nystagmus Related Head Turn 181M Graf, K Droutas, S Stuckenbrok, H KaufmannPseudo-Latent Nystagmus: The “Beauty” Of Clocking Fusional 185Convergence At DistanceA C Spielmann, A SpielmannLong Term Results Of Superior Oblique Elongation For Browns Syndrome 191Ch Stolovitch, I Leibovitch, A Lowenstein, N GottesmanNormal Variations Of Intraocular Pressure During Gaze Rotations 195R Wilson, I MarshAtypical Forms Of Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome. A Reppraisal Of 199The Classical DefinitionS B Ozkan, S Dundar, E Kir, V DayanirComparison Of Objective And Subjective Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With 205Convergence InsufficiencyT A MasseyThird Nerve Palsy And The Antipholipid Syndrome 207D J Nolan, A Ansons, A SpencerHorizontal Gaze Palsy And Scoliosis 211A Tulin Berk, R Haluk Berk, M BozhurtConsecutive Accommodative Esotropia After Bilateral Rectus Recession 216H Basmak, N Yildirim, S YurkdakulThe Mechanism Of Development In Progressive Esotropia With High Myopia 218T Yokoyama, H Tabuchi, S Ataka, K Shiraki, T Miki, K MochizukiExtraocular Muscle Changes In Grave‟s Ophthalmopathy-Tension Measurements 222

G Lennerstrand, S Tian, D Schworm, R BolzaniNormal Values For The Stimulus Accommodative Convergence To 226Accommodation (AC/A) Ratio Measured By The Gradient Method On TheSynoptophoreA Y Firth, H J Griffiths, C M LeachWhen Is Surgery Indicated For Intermittent Distance Exotropia? 230S R RichardsonVertical Vergence Coupled To Convergence 234M Graf, K WeinandAccommodative Esotropia After Bimedial Rectus Recession 237H Basmak, A Ozer, S YurdakulThe Effect Of Contact Lenses And Eye Glasses On The Phoria 241H Basmak, F Senturk, N Yildirim, S YurdakulUnilateral Anterior Transposition Of The Inferior Oblique Muscle In 245Asymmetric Dissociated Vertical DeviationA Basar, H OzdemirAsymmetric Inferior Oblique Overaction And Binocular Vision In Esotropia 249V Oguz, M Yolar, H Tolun, C Dikici, K DevranogluExtraocular Muscle Surgery In Dysthyroid Orbitomyopathy: 253Influence Of Previous Treatment On Surgical ResultsV Oguz, M Yolar, H PazarliOne Stage Vs Two Stage Adjustable Suture For The Correction Of Esotropia 257V L Karabas, O ElibolBotulinum Toxin A In Treatment Of Adherence Syndrome 262S B Ozkan, E Kir, V Dayanir, S DundarMeasurement Of Torsion. A Comparison Of Different Tests 266H M BoyceDisruption Of Fusion Following The Correction Longstanding Anisometropia 271A L Spencer, A M AnsonsFundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) In Amblyopia 275B Gokyigit, H Gungel, O F YilmazA Clinical Classification Of Duane‟s Syndrome 279A Romero-Apis

Transactions 27 th European Strabismological AssociationJune 2001, Florence, ItalyLearning from nature‟s wonders and errors: The synergy of the physiology and 1pathology in the ocular motor systemKommerell GCost Effectiveness Of Screening For Amblyopia In 3 Year Old 3Kindergarten Children: Non-Cycloplegic Refractive Screening WithThe Nixon Retinomax Handheld Autofractor Vs OrthopticVisual Acuity ScreeningHH Koenig, J C BarryPaediatric Screening For Strabismus And Refractive Errors With 7MTI Photocreener And Tomey VIVA Infrared PhotofractorH Basmak, A Ozer, N Erol, S YurdakulOcclusion Versus Atropine: The Amblyopia Treatment Study 9#1 Design And MethodsJ M Holmes, M X Repka, R W Beck,Amblyopia Treatment Initiated After Age 10 Years : Our Experience 13L Casino, G Giunchiglia, S Sottosanti, H Slavia, D Morreale, S DamianiContact Lenses In The Management Of High Anisometropic Amblyopia 15C J Roberts, G G W AdamsTeen Age Visual Acuity In Treated Amblyopic Elderly Children 19A PiantanidaMonocular Clues In Seven Commonly Used Stereoacuity Tests 25G R Laroche, S Connick, J Maccarron, P Peters, E HahnA Modified Method For The Reliable Assessment Of Uniocular 27Fields Of Fixation (UFOF)H Haggerty, S Richardson, K Mitchell, A J DickensonHow close Do Patients, Orthoptists And Ophthalmologists Need To Be? 29E Dawson, C Kennedy, C Bently, J Lee, I MurdochFrisy Davis Distance Stereotest (FD2) 33J P D H Frisby, B C WaltersObjective Evaluation And Perceptive Effects Of The Cyclotorsional 37Component In Vertical Non-Comitant StrabismusC Aleci, L Sciandra, L Tonini, R Gallo, M Piccolo, C Bredariol, M MussoStandardized Echographic Features In Fadenoperation 41E Chiosi, G Cennamo, A La Rana, M A Breve, A ChiosiLongitudinal Study Of Refraction In A Strabismic Population 47A Perchereau, F Oger-Lavenant, M A QuereThe Incidence Of Visual Dysfunction In Children With Reading Problems 51D Godts, M J TassingnonThe Presenting Profile Of Paediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension 55F J Rowe, C P NoonanNeuro-Ophthalmological Findings CVI 59P E Bianchi, E Fazzi, C Uggetti, W Misefari, C Bertone, R Guagliano,G Ruberto, S Signorini, A Bianchi, F TrimarchiContrast Sensitivity Evaluation Function In Children With Severe 63Visual Impairment And Its Effects On their Functional AbilityA P Siddiqui, A RydbergStatic External Ophthalmoloplegia 67M Neufeld, Y Shapira, A LossosA Cascade Of Multiple Aberrant Innervation In One Eye 69C Pieh, M Luthi, O Job, I Schipper, A B SafranConsecutive “A” Alphabetical Patterns After Customary Weakening 73Surgery Of The Inferior Oblique Muscles To Correct Elevation In 73Adduction In Essential Infantile Esotropia

C Schiavi, C Bellusci, A Duca, E C CamposClinical Characteristics Of Microtropia 77S Tomac, E C Sener, A S SanacOcular Alignment Results After Multiple Surgery For True Congenital Esotropia 81M Levin, K PalumaaCombined Resection And Recession Of The Medial Rectus Muscle For The 85Treatment Of Convergence Excess EsotropiaK Armstrong, A Inglis, M Halliwell, I Marsh, M Kronfli, C NoonanRole Of Near Reflex On Masking The Near Angle Of Intermittent Exotropia 89And Effect Of Bimedial Recti Resection On The Diatance/Near/ DifferencesA RizkIntermittent Exotropia With Convergence Excess 93A Roth, B Rossillion, L Delarue, F HugueninSubjective Correlates Of Dissociated Vertical Divergence 99M C BrodskyFurther Evidence That DVD Serves To Damp Block Latent Nystagmus 101D L Guyton, D S ZeeDissociated Horizontal Deviations (DHD) : Terminology, Diagnosis And Etiology 105M GrafConvergence Insufficiency: Base-In Prisms To Improve Asthenopia 109And Reading Speed, Accuracy And ComprehensionM Stavis, M Murray, P Jenkins, R Wood, B BrenhamThe Role Of Botulinum Toxin In The Management Of Near Reflex Spasm 117A Mcintyre, J LeeRepeated Use Of Botulinum Toxin In The Treatment Of Convergence Spasm 121C P Noonan, A B Dillon, J Swift, F J Rowe, R Gandhewar, I B MarshAngle Deviation Changes In Early And Late Postoperatory Following 127Strabismus SurgeryL Sabetti, R Fasciani, P Pantaleoni, S Mosca, M Callipo, F Colas AnteThe Long Term Results Of Cosmetic Aimed Strabismus Surgery 133B Gokyigit, A Hamis, Y Kucuksumer, Of YimazTopical Anesthesia In Strabisum Surgery 137A Zanoni, E RacanoEffect Of Droperidol Dosage On Postoperative Emetic Symptoms 141Following Pediatric Strabismus SurgeryS J Isenberg, S W Stead, C D Beatie, M A KeyesTreatment Of Progressive Esotropia Caused By High Myopia – 145A New Surgical Procedure Based On Its PathogenesisT Yokoyama, S Ataka, H Tabuchi, K Shiraki, T MikiMuscle Path Surgery In The Strabismus Of High Myopia : 149Report On Four CasesG B MacronA Neurologic Basis For Primary Oblique Muscle Overaction 157M C Brodsky, Sp DonahueMaximal Recession Of Inferior Oblique Muscle In Strabismus Sursoadductorius 159O Ehrt, Y Bekl, K P BoergenThe Efficacy Of Superior Oblique Split Z Tendon Lengthening For 163Superior Oblique OveractionJ D Baker, C BardorfSurgical Effect Of Bilateral Harada-Ito Procedure 169S A Quah, R Haslett, I MarshModified Harada-Ito Procedure In Bilateral Superior Oblique Paresis 173C Roberts, E Dawson, J LeeLong Term Follow Up Of Subjective And Objective Cyclorotatory 177Changes After Surgery Of The Oblique Eye MusclesH D Schworm, P Sauter, O Erht, G Rudoplh, K P Boergen

Botulinum Toxin Injection Witout Electromiographic Assistance 183E Chipont, P Garcia-Hemosa, M T Arrazola, J M Ruiz-Moreno, J L AlioLidocaine Gel Using In Toxin Botulinum Toxin Therapy On Anomalies Of Ocular 187Movements In Subjects Affected By Cervical DystoniaM L Le Lez, A Arsene, M Ranguin, M Santallier, C RossazzaEffect Of Botulinum Toxin Therapy On Anomalies Of Ocular Movements In Subjects 189Affected By Cervical DystoniaS Brogelli, R Frosini, S Maurri, G AlfieriBotulinum Toxin Type-A Injection Associated With Surgical Treatment In 191Large Angle StrabismusL Sabetti, P Pantaleoni, L D‟alessandri, C Gallo, K Quattrociocchi, E BalestrazziRole Of Botulinum Toxin A In Management Of Acquired Loss Of Fusion 195S B Ozkan, V Daynir, E Kir, I Akyuz,Botulinum Toxin Therapy In Paediatric Esotropia: Risk Factors For Failure 199V Hauviller, S Gamio, A TartaraPharmacological Denervation In The Treatment Of 6 th Cranial Nerve Palsy 203P Calace, T De Berardinis, G Cortese, V Garliardi, A MagliThe Incidence Of Disruption Of Binocular Functions Following Macular 209Off Retinal DetachementJ E S WhiteAnalysis Of Binocular Function Before And After Macular Hole Surgery 211L Graham, K Mishkandari, E Ezra, J Sloper, Z GregorRecession Of Inferior Rectus Muscle With Adjustable Loop Suture Using 215Topical Anesthesia In Dysthyroid OphthalmopathyS Kose, S Emre, O Uretmen, K PamukcuOur Experience In The Treatment Of Diplopia After Orbital Decompression For 219Dysthyroid OphthalmopathyV Russon, A Spagnoli, A Ercole, N Delle NociEarly Surgery In Dysthyroid Orbitomyopathy Based On MRI Findings 221M Yolar, V Oguz, H Pazarli, H Yetik, S OzkanThyroid Extra-Ocular Muscle Surgery 225A S Jacks, G G W AdamsAberrant Regeneration Following Post-Traumatic Third Nerve Palsy: 231Clinical Pattern And Critical Approach Of The Pathogenic HypothesesB Rossillion, F Huguenin, K Chaloupka, A B SafranMyelomeningocele And Strabismus 233A Dickman, C Rendeli, A Salerni, M V Stella, S Russon, E SalvaggioOculomotor Disorders In Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) 237R Salati, P Nicolini, R Borgatti, G Giammari, F PolenghiSurgical Treatment Of Ptosis In Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 241V Garliardi, P Calace, T De Berardinis, P Vassallo, M Capasso Barbato, A MagliActive Management Of Exotropia Due To Brainstem Disease 245C R E Dawson, J LeeVertical Muscle Surgery For Acquired Nystagmus 251A Tripathi, I B MarshArtificial Divergence Surgery And Myopic Shift 253A C SpielmannDiplopia As A Complication Of sinus Surgery : A Presentation Of Four Cases 257C Kingma-Wilschut, R J Grootendorst, W Visscher, J T H N De FaberStrabismus Following Endoscopic Orbital Decompression For Thyroid Eye Disease 261C J Roberts, G G W Adams, V J LungLate Onset Acquired cyclic Strabismus. Ophthalmological And Saccadic 265Eye Movements FeaturesG Savino, M T Rebecchi, A DickmannGenetic, Clinical And Surgical Data Of Affected Members Of A 269

Classic CFEOM1 FamilyA Magli, T De Berardinis, N Mcintosh, E C Engle, G M Greco, V GagliardiStrabismus And Binocular Function In Children With Autism 275S Arsene, D Damie, M L Le Lez, M Santallier, P Lenoir, D SuavageAge Of The Emergence Of Negative Attitudes Towards Strabismus 277E A Paysse, D K Coats, E A Steele, K M Brady Mccreery, K R WilhelmusDuane Retration Syndrome And Binocularity 281B Gokyigit, H I Demirkale, S BozkurtAnterior Plagiocephaly And Strabismus 285A Dickmann, N Gianfrancesco, A Mancini, G Savino, F Velardi, C Di RoccoHow Heavy Is The “Heavy Eye”? 289J T H N De Faber, E Pels, E C Van Noort, M G H Tjon-Fo SangAsthenopia In School Children, Orthoptic And Ophthalmological 295Evaluation And Effect Of TreatmentS Abdi, A Rydeberg, S GolchinThe Effectiveness Of Inferior Rectus Recessions In Graves Ophthalmopathy 299L Baker, A M AnsonsScreening For Amblyopia In 427 3 Year Old Kindergarten Children: 303Non-Cyclopegic Refractive Screening With Nikon Retinomax HandheldAutofractor Vs Orthoptic Visual Acuity ScreeningJ C Barry, H H KoenigParalytic Strabismus Surgically Corrected With An Orbital Anchoring Suture 305A Bates, A Ansons, J NobleElectronic Baropodemetry In The Surgery Of Ocular Torticollis 309M Bellizi, M Ranieri, G Rizzo, U Procoli, G Megna, N Ciccolella, G BelliziDouble Elevator Palsy And Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Ptosis 311K G Borboridis, N G Ziakas, J Zaragoulidis, N S Georgiadis, N T StangosPrimary Position Evaluation In Three Dimensional Measurements 313R Bolzani, J Ygge, M Benassi, G LennerstrandThe Easiest Way To Turn The World Back To Normal. Unilateral 317Horizontal Transposition Of The Inferior Rectus Muscle For ExcyclotropiaUnder Local AnaesthesiaM A G Bouten-WijnhovenResults Of Electorstimulation Of Extraocular Muscles In The Treatment Of 319Children With Strabismic AmblyopiaI M Boychuck, T M SerebrinaCase Report: The Heavy Eye Syndrome 321C Brozou, B Rossillion, L Delarue, A Ben Ayed, A B SafranQualification Of Needle Suture Contamination Following Strabismus Surgery 323D K Coates, E A Paysse, T S Carothers, K M Brady-Mccreery, S Rossman,T Wu, B M MitchellEarley Intraocular Inflammation After Strabismus Surgery Measure With 325The Laser FlareE Chipont Benabent, P Garcia-Hermosa, M T Arrazola, J L Alio Y SanzThe Management Of Intermittent exotropia 329M Di Pietro, F CastorinaDid Bishop Tommaso Inghirami Really Squint? 333B De VriesAssessment Of Ocular Cyclo-Torsion Using Digital Fundus Imaging 335B Fahad, A AnsonConjunctiva Closure In Strabismus Surgery 339B Gokyigit, S Bozkurt, H I DemikaleLong Term Results Following Treatment For Threshold Disease In Retinopathy Of 343PrematurityL Gnanaraj, R Brennan, D G CottrellTest-Test Reliability Of The Logmar Crowded Acuity Test 345

J Henderson, S Richardson, M Clarke, A KostakisSub Tenons Bupivacaine For Post Operative Analgesia 347A Jacob,. A Waite, J Bembridge, J A BradburyChanges In Binocular And Monocular Near Point Of Accommodation In 349Patients With Convergence InsufficiencyT MasseyUnilateral Recession And Resection In Duane Syndrome 353Y Morad, S P Kraft, J L MimsAiredale Orthoptic Vision Screening. Treatment Outcomes Of Children 355Referred At 1.5 Years And 3.5 Years Of AgeL Mulley, A Bruce, J A BradburyConsecutive Exotropia Following Strabismus Surgery 357V Oguz, S Arvas, M Yolar, N M Kizilkaya, H TolunMeasurement Of The Angle (Conversion From % To Degrees) 361A Perchereau, B SohouaDiplopia Following Orbital Decompression – Predominantly A Transient Problem? 363H Price, L William, J L NobleMultidisciplinary Approach To Orthoptic Vision Screening 367R Robinson, P WilkinsonSensory Outcome Of Surgically Treated Primary Constant Exotropia 369A L Spencer, A M AnsonsSub-Tenons Bupivicaine for Post-Operative Pain Control In Strabismus Surgery 373D T Sprunger, D A Plager, D E Neely, N ShondhiRe-Evaluation Of The Irvine Prism Test 377S TomacOcclusion Therapy For The Treatment Of Amblyopia. Letting Parents Decide 381A Tripathi, N P O‟donnell, R Holden, C Noonan, L Johnson, S B KayeBotulinum Toxin Management Of Essential Infantile Esotropia In Children: 383Long Term ResultsA Vinciguerra, P Perssutti, S CarlentiniBotulinum Toxin Management Of Esotropia In Children With Cerebral Palsy 387A Vinciguerra, S Pensiero, C Cordaro, P Perissutti, S CarlentiniTherapeutic Limits In Exo-Duane Retraction Syndrome 391C Vladutiu, M FontulA Comparison Of Ocular Motility Disturbance Following 2 And 3 Wall Orbital 393DecompressionL Williams, H Price, J L NobleI Type Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome: Evaluation Of The Adduction Saccades 397G Savino, D Di Nichola, A Salerni, L Scullica, A DickmannDisparity Vergence Response In Arc Patients: Dominant And Non Dominant Eye 401A Dickmann, G Savino, N Gianfrancesco, L Scullica, D Di Nichola

Transactions 28 th European Strabismological Association19-21 June 2003, Bergen, NorwayThe implementation Of Primary Orthoptic Vision Screening 3For 4-5 Year Old Children In Inner City BradfrodL Mulley, A BruceVision Screening In 3 Year Old Children. Comparison Between The Lea 7Symbol Chart And HVOT (LM) ChartG Kvamstrom, P Jakobsson, G LennerstrandVision Screening Program For 4 Year Old Children 11A Yaman, A T Berk, M Erbezci, C ErgorWith An Eye On Vision Screening In The Netherlands. Rotterdam 15Amblyopia Screening Effectiveness Study (RAMSES) Up To DateV K Lantau, J H GroenewoodNew Guidelines For Screening Of Vision In Children In Norway 21T Christoffersen & J WirschingThe Relationship Between Stereopsis And Visual Acuity After 27Occlusion Therapy For AmblyopiaS Y Lee, S J IsenbergCiticoline Treatment Of Amblyopia In Elderly Strabic Children 33A PiabtanidaContrast Masking And Spatial Frequency Properties Of Contour 39Interaction In Normals And AmblyopesO Ehrt, R F HessRapid Monocular Adaption Of Saccade Amplitude In Constant Strabismus 45H J Griffiths, D Buckley, J P WhittleSynkinesis Of Vergence And Accommodation In Accommodative Esotropia 51M DostalekIsometric Force Development Of Single Horizontal Eye Muscle In 51Esotropia And ExotropiaC Schiavi, R Bolzani, G Lennerstrand, S Tian, M G Benassi, N Longo, E C CamposIntroduction Of The 2003 ESA Lecturer Professor Gunnar Lennerstrand 63E C CamposWhat Can Eye Muscle Studies Tell Us About Strabismus? 65G LennerstrandEffect Of Off-Axis Retinoscopy On Objective Refractive Measurement 79E A Paysse, D W Jackson, K R Wilhelmus, M A W Hussein, G Rosby, D K CoatsInterrelation Of Optokinetic Nystagmus Response And 83Recognition Visual AcuityS Oto, A Cetinkaya, A Akman, Y Akova,Observational Analyisis Of Nystagmic Oscillation By 85Two-Dimensional Video-OculographyR Frosini, L Frosini, P Linari, S Frosini, S Brogelli, G AlfieriStereoacuity Norms For The Frisby Davis Distance Stereotest At Different Distances 87H Davis, J P Frisby, J Hole, L BakerStereoacuity Is Not Always The Best Measure Of Control 91J E S WhiteLatent Nystagmus: Is The Eye An Accessory Vestibule? 97M C BrodskySaccadic Eye Movements In Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy 99G Lennerstrand, H D Scworm, J Ygge, R Bolzani, S Tian, L Tallstedt, A RydebergClassification Of Control In Intermittent Exotropia 103B G Mohney, J M HolmesThe Evaluation Of Office Control In X (T): A Systematic Approach 109J L Petrunak, R J Rao, J D BakerExotropia In Infancy: Management Experience At 113

Manchester Royal Eye Hospital UKB Fahad, S Biswas, C LloydThe Accommodative-Convergence Complex – A Review 115R L Brautaset, J A M JenningsEtiology Of Accommodative Esotropia – Current Concepts 121O H HaugenThe Role Of Bifocals In The Management Of Accommodative Esotropia 125G HolmstromOutcome Of Treatment In Accommodative Esotropia – 127How Often Do We Restore Binocular Vision?L LindbergA Study On The Treatment Of Convergence Insufficiency 135F F Naqui, A Bruce, J A BradburyBinocular Vision Problems After Refractive Surgery 137D J M Godts, M J Tassingnon, L GobinRefractive Surgery And Binocularity 143A Dickmann, P Valente, M T Rebecci, G Savino, A Salerni, L BuzzonetiStrabismus After Treatment Of Unilateral Congenital Cataracts. 147A Clinical Model For Strabismus Physiopathogenesis?D Thouvenin, S Nogue, L Fonts, O NorbertStrabismus In Pediatric Cataract 153J T H N De Faber, M J Tjon Fo SangCombined Strabismus And Cataract Surgery In Adults 157N G Ziakas, K Boboridis, N S GeorgiadisThe Early Vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Tudy: First Results 163K Unnebrink, C Bauer, G H Kolling, H J SimonszHardly Any Difference Between Bilateral Recession (BR) 165And Unilateral Recession Resection (RR) : Results Of A Controlled,Prospective, Randomized Multicentre StudyJ R Polling, M J C Eijkemans, J Esser, B Lieb, G H Kolling, E Schulz, B Lorenz,P Roggenkamper, V Herzau, A Zubcov, M P M Ten Tusscher, D Wittebol-Post,G C Gusek, H J SimonszThe Effect Of Seprafilm On Adhesions In Strabismus Surgery- 167An Experimental StudyS B Ozkan, E KirAntinomic Deviations: Esodeviation Associated With Exodeviation 173A C Spielmann, A SpielmannComparison Of Modified Anchored „Hang-Back Technique‟ (HBT) 177With Conventional HBT In Bi-Medial Rectus Recession (BMR)A K K Chung, S U Rehman, J A BradburyParameters To Calculate The Amount Of Conventional Eye Muscle Surgery 179A RothEarly Onset Strabismus, DVD And A Pattern : Efficacy Of The Superior 185Rectus RecessionV ParisDoes Botulinum Toxin Have A Role In The Treatment Of Small Angle Esotropia? 191E L M Dawson, V Geh, J P LeeEsotropia In Paediatric Aphakia Patients: The Role Of Botulinum Toxin 193V Hauviller, S GamioLevator Denervation For Upper Lid Retraction Secondary To 7 th Nerve Palsy 197K G Boboridis, N G Ziakas, N G GeorgiadisThe Useful Of Botulinum Toxin Type-A In The Treatment Of Chronic 201Sixth Ocular Nerve PalsyL Sabetti, L D‟alessandri, K Salvatori, E BalestrazziQuantitative EMG Of EOM In Patients With Congenital Fibrosis Of 205The Extraocular Muscles (CFEOMI)

C Schiavi, C Bellusci, E C CamposThe Surgical Indications And Outcome Of Superior Oblique Tendon Spacers 211V S Y Geh, E Dawson, J P LeeEvaluation Of Binocular Visual Function With Electrophysiologic 215And Psychophysic Test In Brown SyndromeO Uretmen, F Afrashi, S Kose, E Unsal, K PamukcuResults Of Superior Oblique Tenotomy For A Pattern Strabismus 217Measured With Two MethodsA Maino, A AnsonsInferior Oblique Muscle Function: Correlation Between Scleral 219Insertions Of Inferior, Lateral Recti And Inferior Oblique MuscleAnd Clinical Function Ofinferior Oblique MuscleD Denis, E Hadjadj, J Conrath, C BensoClinical Results Of Inferior Oblique Marginal Or Z-Myotomy 227S L Robbins, W K Christian, E F Castro, D B GranetManagement Of Adherence Syndrome Following Inferior Oblique Surgery 231B J L Burton, E L M Dawson, J P LeeChanges In Incomitance In Acquired Unilateral 6 th Nerve Palsy 239L Garnham, J P LeeLimitation Of Opposing Ductions Following Augmented Horizontal 243Rectus Muscle TranspositionD K Coats, M A W Hussein6 th Nerve Palsies As Isolated Mononueropathies In Patients With 247Multiple SclerosisJ A Gonzales-Martin, V Trimbel, G Kyle, I B MarshThe Natural History Of Brainstem Ocular Motility Disorders Due To 249Vascular PathologyF J Rowe, C P NoonanLong-Term Follow Up After Vertical Rectus Muscle Transposition And 255Botulinum Toxin For 6 th Nerve PalsyG M Wirth, K LandauNew Methods For Quantifying Severity Of Doplopia 257J M Holmes, M J KupersmithManagement Of Large Vertical Deviations In Thyroid Eye Disease 261C Weir, A AnsonsDosage Of Eye Muscle Surgery In Endocrine Orbitopathy 265K P Boergen, G Rudoplh, O Ehrt, P KalpadakisBilateral Duane‟s Syndrome Type I In Siblings: Case Report 271C Schiavi, M Fresina, F Quagliano, E C CamposAn Unusual Cause Of Diplopia As The Presenting Sign Of Breast Carcinoma 277M Spiritus, A Boschi, M C Many, A Finck, A Escarmelle, C Lefebvre,T Duprez, P Van Den Berg, P Kamgang Semeu, J Klastersky, M Wirix,C DaumerieAcquired Distance Esotropia Associated With Myopia 283H A Webb, J P LeeThe Eso Trend Following Heroin Detoxification 289A Y Firth, S Pulling, M P Carr, A Y BeainiPrinciples In Training For Subspeciality Ophthalmic Care In 291Developing CountriesT O Paul, R S Foster, B BlackManagement Of Motility Disorders In Patients With SC Type 3 295T B Kerkhof, E R P Brunt, J W R PottThe Development And Treatment Of V Pattern And Upshot In Adduction In 299Cyclic EsotropiaJ W R Pott, T B Kerkhof, D Godts, J T H N De FaberThyroid Ophthalmopathy Manifesting As Superior Oblique Paralysis 303

V Oquz, M Yolar, H Pazarli, S OzkamFactors Influencing Success Of Botulinum Toxin Treatment In Exotriopia: 307Preliminary ResultsA Vindguerra, T Liberali, P Michieletto, C Cordaro, P PerissuttiOcular Oscillation And Visually Dependent Postural Control In 309Congenital NystagmusG Savino, A Salerni, D Colucci, M Manzulli, F De Rossi, A DickmannPrediction Of Visual Outcome After Treatment In Children With Amblyopia In 315Dependence Of Initial Monocular And Binocular FunctionI M BoychukIdiopathic Progressive Strabismus Fixus In The Absence Of Significant Myopia 319M K Raynor, A Maino, A AnsonsLong-Term Results Of Augmented Surgery For Partially Accommodative Esotropia 323S Park, D Jee, M ParkClinical Risk Factors And Treatment Of Convergence Insufficiency 325Pattern Consecutive ExotropiaH T Lim, H AhnVertical Retraction Syndrome 329J P Matthews, A AnsonsOcular Motility Disorders As A Complication Of Baeveldt Implant 331F J Noordhuizen, W Triemstra, J T H N De FaberAbout A Case Of Acquired Brown‟s Syndrome, After Insect Bite 333F Ribaudeau-Saindelle, A PerchereauBinocular Vision After Refractive Surgery I Hyperopic Patients 337R G De Liano, E Pierdrahita, A Arias-PuenteThe Results Of The Systemic Treatment Of Binocular Vision And Of 343Amblyopia I Children With Eccentric FixationT Baranowska-George, L Puchalska-NiedbalRefraction Over Cycloplegia: 2 Vs 3 Eyedrops Use Of Cyclopentolate 345L Sellami, M L Le Lez, A Denoyer, M Santallier, P J Pisella, A ArseneCongenital 3 rd Nerve Palsy In Septo-Optic Dysplasia (De Morsier Syndrome) 347A Langmann, S LinderOrbital Fracture Referrals: Outcome Results 351M L PedersenThe Early Natural History Of Acquired Non-Accommodative Esotropia 353B G Mohney, A S KitzmannVisual Conversie Syndrome Disorder: A Case Report 355E Lala, M L Le Lez, J Malvy, F Madern, P J Pisella, S ArseneE M A N (Eye Movement And Accommodation Analyzer) Device For Vergence 357Accommodation Synkinesis Recording And AnalysisClinical Features Of Isolated Inferior Rectus Paralysis 363A Yaman, A T BerkInfantile Orofacial Hemangioma With Ipsilateral Peripapillary 371Excavation In Girls – A Variant Of PHACE SyndromeC Kniestedt, M C Brodsky, P North, M Warner, K LandauThe Outcome Of Strabismus Surgery In patients With Grave‟s 373Ophthalmopathy Without Prior Orbital DecompressionD L T Donker, J T H N De Faber, J A M Van EverdingenA Model For The Prediction Of Outcomes Of Recession/Resection 377Surgery For Primary Constant EsotropiaA Kailasanathan, S Mirza, R D BrownGlobe Preserving Treatment Of An Unilateral Retinoblastoma By 381BrachychemoradiotherapyG Langmann, A Langmann, P Sovinz, C UrbanThe Dragged-Fovea Diplopia Syndrome 385D L Guyton, M E De Pool, S O Broome

Binocular Outcome Of EOM-Surgery For Esotropia With Onset 387Later Than One Year Of AgeE Schulz, B Schmal, A Fell, K RettigCorrelation Between Asthenopic Symptoms And Different 389Measurements Of Convergence And Reading AbilityY Morad, O Segal, R Lederman, D Atzmon, E Azoulay, I AvniDuane‟s Retraction Syndrome – Case Report 391S Pelle, A Sallai, K V KisAcute-Onset Adult Esotropia: Bielschowsky TypeI Perez, M Fernandez

Transactions 29 th European Strabismological Association1-4 th June 2004, Izmir, TurkeyEffects Of Early And Late Onset Strabismic Amblyopia On 3Magnocellular And Parvocellular Visual FunctionJ Sloper, A Davis, M Neveu, C Hogg, M Morgan, G HolderMRI Measurements Of Horizontal Rectus Muscle In Esotropia: 7The Role Of AmblyopiaF Mehmet Mutlu, G Dincer, H Durukan, T Mumcuoglu, H IbrahimCombined Optical And Atropine Penalization In Treatment Of Amblyopia 11S Zrylan, O Yabas, D SeinTelescopic Spectacle Therapy In Amplyopia And Its Efficacy In Cases 15Over 9 Years Of AgeU Arslan, H Atilla, A Idil, N ErkamTreatment Of Anisometropic Amblyopia With No Or Minimal Patching 21O M Hakim, K W WrightBinocular Functions In Pseudophakic Patients In Early Postoperative Period 29I Akyol-Salmon, M Arslankurt, O Dursun, A Yazici, O BaykalThe Age-Related Decline In Stereopsis As Measured By Different Stereotests 33L Garnham , J SloperBotulinum Toxin For Strabismus Treatment In Brain Injury Patients 41S MoguelBotulinum Toxin A Injection In Acute Complete 6 th Nerve Palsy 45M R Talennejad, A Alavi, A AttarzedehThe Role Of Botulinum Toxin A In Augmentation Of The Effect Of 49Recess Resect SurgeryA S Topaloglu, S B Ozkan, S AydinDoes Botulinum Toxin Have A Role In The Treatment Of Secondary Strabismus? 53E Dawson, A Sainari, J P LeeEvaluation Of The Effect Of Strabismus Surgery On Retrobulbar 57Blood Flow With Doppler USA Ipek Akyuz Unsal, A Unsal, S B Ozkan, C Z KaramanComputer Assisted Parents Vision Screening In Children 61M Altieri, S Chatterjee, A Gibson, P Addison, A AssafAcquired Neurological Nystagmus: Clinical And Surgical Approach 65A C SpielmannStrabismus Surgery Under Topical Lidocaine Gel 71O M Hakim, Y G El-HagWhen Should The Amount Of Surgery Be Adjusted During 77Conventional Muscle Surgery?A Roth, C Speeg-SchatzNon-Absorbable Sutures Should Be used For Adjustable Inferior 81Rectus Muscle RecessionsC F Parsa, M Sultan-Sanjara, D L GuytonMetabolic Changes In Brain Related To Strabismus Registered By Brain SPECT 87S Moguel, L OrzcoHistological Analysis Of The Efferent Innervation Of Human 91Extraocular Muscle FibresI B Kjellevold Haugen, J R BreunechEffect Of Refractive Surgery On Ocular Alignment And Binocular 95Vision In Patients With Manifest Or Intermittent StrabismusD J M Godts, J Claeys, P Schraepen, M J TassignonDiplopia And Strabismus After Refractive Surgery 99R Gomez De Liano, G Franco Iglesias, P Gomez De LianoDoes The Bilateral Inferior Obliques Anterior Transposition 105Influence The Amount Of Surgery On The Horizontal Muscles?

D Cioplean, L TeodorescuEfficacy Of The Anterior Transposition Of The Inferior Oblique As A 109Secondary Procedure In Cases Of Recurrent DVDV ParisMechanical And Histopathological Effects Of ADCON – L Conventional 113And Polymercoated Liposomes In An Experimental Strabismus SurgeryModelB Sonmez, S Gedik, C Karaka, E C Sener, A S Sanac, T EldemOutcomes Of Surgery For Vertical Strabismus In 117Thyroid-Associated OphthalmopathyA C Bates, G G W Adams, J F Acheson, J P LeeSurgical Finding In Brown‟s Syndrome 121S Akar, B Gokyigit, K Gok, O F YilmazA New Surgery Technique In Brown‟s Syndrome 125B Gokyigit, S Akar, O F YilmazLong Term Outcome Of Silicone Expander For Browns Syndrome 131H K Keskinbora, N K PulurOutcome Of Strabismus Surgery In Congenital Fibrosis Of Extraocular Muscles 135(CEOEM)E C Sener, B T Ozturk, A S SanacSurgical Management In A Newly Identified CFEOM/Postaxial 137Oligo-Syndactyly SyndromeA Gezer, T TukelSuperior Obliquepalsy: A Ten Year Survey 143M Farvardin, A AlaviResults Of Different Surgical Procedures In Superior Oblique Palsy 147S Akar, B Gokyigit, P K Hekimhan, O F YilmazHow Predictable Is Muscle Surgery In Superior Oblique Palsy? 153L Teodorescu, D CiopleanAnterior Transposition Of The Inferior Oblique Muscle For Treatment 155Of Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy With 16to 25 Prism DioptresHyperdeviation In Primary PositionM Farvardin, A Atarzadeh, A AlaviFamilial Congentital Superior Oblique Palsy 159M Farvardin, A Banihasemi, M SaadatSurgical Results Of Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession In Intermittent 165Exotropia In ChildrenR Venkateshwar Rao, J Singh, M K AasuriOutcomes Of Consecutive Exotropia Surgery 169A C Bates, H Newman, C Hayden, J P LeeSurgical Anchorage Of The Lateral Rectus Muscle To The Periostium 173Of The Orbit: A New Tool To Tackle Retraction In Duane Syndrome AndExotropia In 3rd Cranial Nerve PalsyC Shiavi, C Bellusci, M Fresina, E C CamposExcessive Recession Of Horizontal Rectus Muscles In Surgical 177Treatment Of Congenital NystagmusM Dogan, S Akar, B Gokyigit, O F YilmazImpact On Deviation In Primary Position Of Vertical Shift Of 181Horizontal Recti Muscle InsertionR Dell‟omo, A Salerni, S Petroni, L Guccione, G Savino, A DickmannUse Of Augmented Transposition Surgery For Complex Strabismus 185H I Altinsoy, F M Mutha, Y Uysal, S CelebiBinocular Functions In Anisometropic And Strabismic Anisometropic 191AmblyopesI Aykol-Salmon, Y Karabea, O BaykulThickness Of The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer And Macular Thickness And 195

Volume In Patients With Strabismuc AmblyopiaEvaluation Of Intranasal Midazolam In Young Strabismic Children Undergoing 199Refraction And Fundus ExaminationO Altintas, V L Karabas, G Demirci, I Onur, Y CaglarDissociated Vertical Deviation And Its Relationship With Time And 203Type Of Surgery In Infantile EsotropiaU Arsln, H Atilla, N ErkamOcular Abnormalities Associated With Cerebral Palsy 207H Atilla, F Batioglu, E Can, N ErkhamAlexander The Greats Abnormal Head Posture Due To Brown‟s Syndrome? 211B De VriesRole Of Spectacle Correction And Orthoptic Exercises In 213Non-Surgical Management Of ExodeviationsF Sezen, O Balci, A GezerMoebius syndrome with limb abnormalities 217E Basar, T ArusLong term binocular functional outcome after strabismus surgery in a case of cyclic 221esotropiaB Venkateshwar Rao, P SahareInterrelationship of binocular and monocular functions in anisometropic amblyopia 227IM BoychukInfluence of orbital factor on development and outcome of surgery for intermittent 231exotropiaYA Cho, S Kim, S YiOcular motility problems following treatment for uveal malignant melanoma 235E Dawson, JP LeeRecurrent strabismus caused by orbital tumour arising from pulley smooth muscle 237tissue?PPh van den Broek, JTHN de Faber, ADA Paridaens, M KliffenThe functional outcome of very late surgery in infantile strabismus 239ECh Schwarz, KS Kunert, G Wunsch, H ZappeA binocular scanning laser ophthalmoscope 243O EhrtThe effect of reducing anticipation anxiety by psychoeducation techniques on vasovagal 247responses during manipulation of adjustable suturesO Elibol, L Karabas, O Altintas, Y CaglarA new scoring method for lees charts 251M Eliacik, S Akar, B Yilmaz, B Gokyigit, OF YilmazAbout a case of childrens myasthenia gravis 255DF Agrafojo, PM Enrile, JP FabreStrabismus after in-vitro fertilisation 261R Gomez de Liano, I Genol, I Iglesias, Y Fernandez, M BarrioSurgical treatment of strabismus fixus with high myopia 265B Gokyigit, S Akar, A Basoglu, O Oral, OY YilmazCarotid Doppler ultrasonography in congenital IVth nerve palsy 269B Gokyigit, S Akar, OF YilmazEffects of recession strabismus surgery on corneal topography 275A Inal, B Inal, S Akar, B Gokyigit, OF YilmazThe effectiveness of Faden operations in different types of deviations 279A Inal, N Unal, B Gokyigit, S Akar, OF YilmazThe Bruckner Test As A Screening Tool For The Detection Of 283Significant Refractive ErrorsJ W R Pott, Y G L Sie Oh, M Broer Van Dijk, B De VriesOutcome Of Surgical Management In Adults With Congenital Unilateral 287Superior Oblique PalsyB Kaczmarek, E Wojcik, A Madroszkiewicz, M Pociej-Zero

Inhibitional Palsy Of The Contralateral Superior Rectus Muscle In A Patient 289With Superior Oblique ParesisB Zaczmarek, E Wojcik, C BilskaSurgical Treatment Of Upshoot And Downshoot In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 291C Karaka, A S Sanac, B SonmezChanges In Corneal And Conjunctival Sensitivity, Tear Film Stability, 295And Tear Secretion After Strabismus SurgeryJ B Lee, J H Chang, S H Han, Y H ChangSurgery Of The Inferior Oblique Muscle In Bilateral Asymmetric 299Paralysis Of The Superior ObliqueV Oguz, M Yolar, H Tolun, S OzkanThe Oculocardiac Reflex In Strabismus Surgery 303A Ozbek, S Akar, B Gokyigit, G Eren, A OnerGlobe Retraction In A Patient With Nanophthalmos 307S Oner, A F Nohutca, H N OrtakSurgical Treatment Of Consecutive Exotropia 309A Ozbek, S Akar, B Gokyigit, O F Oge, Z Bayraktar, O F YilmazEpiblepharon And Mobius syndrome: A Rare Association 313B Venkateshwar Rao, P SahareAssessment Of The Risk Of Endophthalmitis In Accidental Globe 317Penetration During Strabismus SurgeryA A S Moghaddam, A Kargozar, T RashedAssessment Of The Rate Of Nausea And Vomiting And Pain In Strabismic 323Patients Anethesized By PropofolA A S MoghaddamThe Effect Of Experimentally Induced Spherical Myopic 327Anisometropia On StereoacuityA A S Moghaddam, A Kargozar, M E RavaziRefractive Surgery: Strabologic Patients Management 331L Sabetti, L D‟alessandri, A Fiasca, K SlavatoriGlomus Jugulare Tumour Presenting With 6 th Nerve Palsy 335A G Sainani, E Dawson, J P LeeInfluence Of Near Correction On Visual Perception And 339Perceptional Organization Skills Down SyndromeG Satirtav, E C Sener, A S Sanac, E Erdogan BakerSurgical Management Of Complete Oculomotor Nerve Palsy 343N Sefi Yurdakul, S Ugurlu, A MadenEtiology Of Paralytic Strabismus 347N Sefi Yurkdakul, S Ugurlu, A MadenClinical Pedigree And Genetic Analysis Of Congenital Fibrosis Of 351Extraocular MusclesB T Ozturk, E C Sener, A S Sanac, N Akarsu, K Yamada, E C EngleAbnormal Lateral Rectus Insertion Associated With V-Pattern Exotropia 355And Up-ShootY Uysal, F M Mutlu, C Erdurman, H I Altinsoy, S M Z Bayraktar, D CeyhanTransposition Procedures For Abducens Palsy: 10 Year Results 359R Autrata, K Vodickova, J RehurekInferior Oblique Muscle Surgery For Dissociated Vertical Deviation 365R Autrata, K Vodickova, J RehurekCongenital Fibrosis Of Extraocular (CFEOM) Muscles Associated 371With Musculoskeletal AbnormalitiesC Yildirim, S Tatlipinar, E Kiter, F Duzcan, V Yaylali, S OzdenHiper Maximum Lateral Rectus Recession Operation Of Adults 375With Large Angle ExotropiaB Yilmaz, B Gokyigit, S Akar, O F YilmazSurgical Outcome In Superior Oblique Palsy 381

S Ziylan, A Yigit, O Yabas, D Serin, S Hoca, I DarugaMedical Detective 385W Duifhuizen-Visscher, W J Van Der Linden, M Tjon Fo Sang,M Wafers Bettink-Remeijer

Transactions 30 th European Strabismological Association8-11 June 2005, Killarney Co.Kerry, IrelandIntroduction Of The 7 th E S A Lecturer 5M SpiritusSpecial Lecture: The Sensory Contribution Of The Deviated Eye In Childhood 7V HerzauRound Table: Mamangement Of Extraocular Muscle Palsies 15M Spiritus, K P Boergen, Brodsky, J Elston, M O‟keeffe, C SchiaviCourse: Preschool Vision Screening – Is Earlier Better? 23J Ohlsson, J Sjostrand, J M Holmes, M ClarkeIsometropic Amblyopia In High Hyperopic Children 35O Yabus, S Ziylan, N Zorlutuna, D T Serin, S H LlapasthicaAssociation Between Fixation Preference Testing And Strabismic 39Pseudo-AmblyopiaO M HakimAssessment Of Magnocellular (M) And Parvocellular (P) Pathways In 43Strabismic Amblyopes And Normal Subjects Using FunctionalMagnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)A R Davis, J J Sloper, M M Neveu, C R Hogg, G E Holder, M J Morgan,M J Brammer, S WilliamsTreatment Effectiveness For Monocular Visual Acuity Deficit: 45Numbers Needed To TreatS R RichardsonThree Year Follow-Up Of “Elderly” Strabic Children With Amblyopia Treated 47With CiticolineI P PipitoneInterpupillary Distance Scales The Size Of Perceived Depth In Stereograms 53J R Frisby, G Watts, D Buckley, H DavisIs “High AC/A” The Sequel Of Accommodation Instability? 57M DostalekAccommodative Anomalies: Are They Often Overlooked? 61S Brown, A FinlayRefraction And Oculomotor Anomalies In Down Syndrome: 65Retrospective StudyA Boschi, A Finck, G Dembour, P Jaumain, M SpiritusThe Epidemiology Of Strabismus And Amblyopia Are The Numbers Changing? 71M T MillerStrabismus In 10 Year Old Prematurely Born Children And In 75Full Term ControlsG Holmstrom, A Rydeberg, E LarssonSensory Status Following Intraocular Lensimplantation For Longstanding 77Unilateral Traumatic Cataract Or Uncorrected Aphakia And OcularRealighnmentM Levin, A HaavelVisual Outcome And Binocular Vision After “Bag-In-The-Lens” 81Surgery In Children With Congenital CataractD J M Godts, I De Veuster, M J TassingnonBinocular Visual Function Following Successful Surgery To 85Remove An epiretinal MembraneL Garnham, J SloperPosterior Fixation Suture (Faden) For Esotropia With Near-Distance 89Disparity: Results In 78 CasesS Akar, B Gokyigit, M Ali, Kevser, O Faruk YilmazEsotropia With Straight Eyes Under Anaesthesia. About 73 Cases 93Treated Exclusively With Bilateral Fadenoperation

D Thouvenin, C Lesage, M C Sotiropoulos, J L ArneFadenoperation In Treatment Of Children With Strabismus And Nystagmus 97IE Aznaurjan, L I GorlachevaBotulinum Toxin As A Treatment Option For Decompendated Intermittent 101Strabismus In ChildrenF J Rowe, C P Noonan, H NayakReleasable Adjustable Suture Technique In Pediatric Strabismus 105Hakim GHProspective Evaluation Of Surgical Outcomes In Intermittent Exotropia 111Clarke M, S Richardson, D Buck, H Haggerty, N StrongExotropia: Stability Of Surgical Correction For Intermitentexotropia 115AA El-Din, A RizkThe Head Tilt Test In Unilateral And Symmetric Bilateral Acquired 121Trochlear Nerve PalsyM Graf, T Krijzok, H KaufmannEffectiveness Of Inferior Oblique Weakening Surgery 125J D Baker, W A MacfarlaneTopical Anaesthesia For The Management Of The Extorsional Syndrome: 127The Role Of The Surgeon-Patient InteractionV Paris, C Andris, A MoutschenVertical Strabismus After Trauma: What About The Muscles? 131A Stoppani, A Piantanid, A Giordano RestiTrauma To The Eye Muscles By Display – And Bookshelf-Hooks 135J T H N De Faber, M J H Tjon-Fo SangAge Related Neuromuscular Changes In Human Extracular Muscles 141I B Kjellevold Haugen, J R BruenechStability Of The Eye Position Under General Anaesthetic 145(Eye Not Operated And Eye Operated)A Perchereau, D LasalleTwenty Years Of Assessment Of Intraoperative Data In 149Strabismus Surgery: (2) Is The Differential Of Passive MuscleForces In An Antagonistic Muscle Pair A Useful Tool In EveryType Of Oculomotor Disorder?A Roth, Cl Speeg-SchatzDiplopia As A Presenting Symptom In An Eye Casualty Department 155R M Comer, E L M Dawson, J F Acheson, G T Plant, J P LeeConvergence Excess Associated With Neurological Diseases: 157Surgical TreatmentA C SpielmannAcquired Unilateral Vertical Nystagmus 161G E Hocking, R V AbadiDoes Botulinum Toxin Have A Role In The Treatment Of Oscillopsia? 165E L M Dawson, R Moorthy, J P LeeBotulinum Toxin In The Management Of Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia 167R Moorthy, S Khan, G G W Adams, J P LeeBenefits Of Four-Muscle Surgery For Congenital Nystagmus 171N J Boyle, E L M Dawson, J P LeeSurgical Options In 3 rd Nerve Palsy 175I Teodorescu, D CiopleanEffect Of Interocular Difference Of Retinal Illuminance In Vision And Binocularity 179J B Lee, N S Kim, D W Lee, J H Chung, S H Han, Y H ChangStereopsis And Age 183M Fernandez, I Perez, J LorenzoEvaluation And Circumvention Of Monocular Cues In The FD2 187H Davis, R Toft, J P Frisby, D BuckleyScreening For Amblyopia: A Systematic Litereature Review 191

C J Powell, H Porooshani, S R Richardson, M C BohoroqueRetinal Nerve Fiber Layer And Foveal Thickness In Unilateral Amblyopia: An OCT 195StudyS Petroni, R Dell‟omo, S Di Landro, A Salerni, A DickmannCyclopentolate Versus Atropine: A Prospective Study 199A Perchereau, D LasalleTropicamide versus cyclopentolate: a comparative study 203A Pechereau, M AnomaReverse Amblyopia With Atropine Treatment 207D T Speunger, B C Hainline, N Sondhi, D A Plage, D E NeelyLasik In Treatment Of Meridianal Form Of Refractive Amblyopia In Children With 211AstigmatismI E Azaurjan, L I GorachevaLate-Onset Distance Esotropia With Conserved Near Stereopsis In Myopic Subjects: 215What Do We Need To Look For Clinically?M Simon-Bernard, I Bodirsky-Caro, A RothModification Of Vertical Strabismuc Following Botulinum Toxin A Treatment Of 219Childhood EsotropiaC J Roberts, R Gomez De LianoUse Of Botulinum Toxin For Strabismus Management In Children With Developed 223DelayF J Rowe, A Dillon, C P NoononThe Surgical Effect Of Retroequatorial Myopexy 227(Faden Operation)S W Parks, T S Jeong, Y G ParkBare Sclera Closure: How It Works In Congenital Esotropia Surgery 231G Lasorella, M Mammone, L Russo, A M CataneseIntractable Diplopia After Satisfactory Alinment In An Adult With 235Sensory EsotropiaS Canturk, S Oto, Y A AkovaDemographic Features And Surgical Approach In Exotropia Adults 239Older Than 40 YearsA Ozturk, S Akar, B Gokigit, A Utine, O F YilmazDetection Of The Slipped Extra-Ocular Muscle After Strabismus Surgery 243S J Chen, P C Knox, P Hiscott, I B MarshSlipped Extra-Ocular Muscles Surgery – Does The Surgical 245Nomogram Apply For Slipped Muscle Surgery?R T Sebastian, B Karri, I B MarshPrevalence Of Neurological Disorders In A-V Pattern 247A Dickmann, C Arezzo, L Guccione, R Parilla, L PlacentinoA-V Patterns Strabismus : A Clinical Characteristic & Guidelines 251For Surgical TreatmentA Rizk, A A TaalabOrthoptic Treatment Of A Post-Traumatic Paresis Of The Superior Oblique Muscle 255D Fernandez Agrafojo, P Martin Enrile, J Paune Fabre, H Morales RuizThe Surgical Effect Of Inferior Oblique Weakening Procedure 263I Perez, M FernandezOutcome Of Surgical Management In Adults With Acquired 267Unilateral Superior Oblique PalsyE Wojcik, B KaczmarekOcular Convergence Defect And Mandibular Latero-Deviation 271L Sabetti, L D‟allessandri, A Monaco, A FiascoA Case Of Familial Congenital Limitation Of Elevation 275T Moutray, R BrennanCongenital Double Elevator Palsy: Relation Between Surgical 279Approach And Lid Position And Movement

G Savino, M Manzulli, F De Rossi, L Balia, S Di Landro, A DickmanHypoplastic Inferior Rectus Muscle In Association With 283Accessory With Accessory Extraocular Muscle And Globe RetractionS B Ozkan, Y Dayanir, T Y GokceCongenital Fibrosis Of Superior Oblique And Superior Rectus Muscles 287With An Accessory Band TissueS B Ozkan, H Cakmak, V DayanirClinical Observation And Treatment Of 34 Cases With Blepharophimosis 291Ptosis – Epicanthus Inversus SyndromeY H Jiah, W Lu, X Wu, Y Min, D M Li, G L Li, K X ZhaoOphthalmological Pathologies In Very Low Birth Weight Childrens 295With Mascular EctopiaG Savino, D Colucci, L Guccione, D Lepore, F Molle, T RebecchiIsometric Force Of Extraocular Muscles Measured In A Case Of 299Dysthyroid Restrictive Esotropia. Effects Of Chemodevervation AndSurgery To Correct Esotropia On Eye Muscle TensionC Schiavi, C Belluschi, R Bolzani, G LennerstrandRestricted Eye Motility And Enophthalmos In Metasases From Breast Carcinoma 303J W R Pott, N KammingaBilateral Ptosis And Gaze Palsies Following Radioactive Seed 307Treatment Of Rectal Plate TumourJ M Durnian, V Wong, J Ashworth, C Malluci, P Warnke, I B MarshResults Of Strabismus Surgery With Anterior Ciliary Arteria Preservation 311S Akar, B Gokyigit, P K Hekimhan, O F YilmazBotulinum Toxin Injection For Acute Sixth Nerve Palsy 315S Gylan, O Yabas, S Karslioglu, I DarugaTreatment Of Paralytic Strabismus With Disport: A First Experience In Russia 319L L Plisov, V V Atomanov, K G PuzyrevskyThe Appropriate Therapeutical Plan In Traumatice VI Nerve Palsy 323D Cioplears, L TeodorescuThe Results Of Total Tendon Transposition In Lateral Rectus Palsy 325Without Preoperative Botulinum Toxin Type AI B Marsh

Transactions 31 st European Strabismological Association22-25 May 2007, Mykonos, GreeceIntroduction Of The 2007E S A Lecturer 5EC CamposESA Lecture: Surgical procedures in the treatment of paralytic strabismus 7H KaufmanRound table: The dissociated strabismus complex 17EC Campos, M Brodsky, A Damanakis, V Paris, M Graf, JT de FaberOcular motility problems following orbital trauma 29J LeeRestrictions related to previous strabismus surgery 33SB OzkanPrelavence of ocular motility disorders in a population of school children from the 39highlands of EcuadorA Molinari, S Heede, G Virgili, M AngiVisual acuity, strabismus and binocularity in children with high hyperopia 43KG Romanchuk, JS Kent, SA Dotchin, JA ZurevinskyLexalgia 47H Webb, JP LeePrevalence of amblyopia in an incidence cohort of childhood strabismus 51AE Greenberg, BG Mohney, NN DiehlHigher order aberrations: an explanation for some cases of idiopathic amblyopia 55JT de FaberExtra insertion of extraocular muscles and ocular mobility after muscle disinsertion 59O Hakim, H Ameen, M Neizy, YG El-HagHorizontal recti surgery in congenital nystagmus 63A Bagheri, M Aletaha, M Zonoobi, M AbrishamiIsometric force development in human eye muscles end pulleys 65G Lennerstand, C Shiavi, R Bolzani, M Benassi, M Fusari, EC CamposSEE++ - An interactive diagnostic software system for simulating strabismus surgeries 69T Kaltofen, M Buchberger, S PriglingerHow effective is the inferior rectus faden operation? 73IB MarshInfantile esotropia with nystagmus: a treatable cause of oscillatory head movements in 79childrenMC Brodsky, KW WrightEsotropia with near/distance disparity – an overview study 83RD Gama, V Nogueira, AV Escada, R Costa, G Varandas, ML VieraSurgical management of infantile esotropia: what is a good result? 87A Roth, M Bumbacher, Cl Speeg-Schatz, S GottenkieneSurgery for residual convergence excess esotropia 91HJ Patel, E Dawson, J LeeBilateral resection/recession of the medial rectus for convergence excess esotropia 95RH Taylor, B Ramasamy, CP Noonan, FJ RoweRefractive accommodative esotropia: LASIK and PRK treatment 99A Magli, A Iovine, F Fimiani, R Carelli, P Nucci, L Sabetti, U Giani, D BruzzeseManagement of intermittent distance exo deviations using minus lenses 105FJ Rowe, CP Noonan, G Freeman, J DeBell, K IrelandCyclic exotropia 109LS Mengher, E Dawson, A Dabbagh, JP lee, GGW AdamsHow can we completely change our minds about intermittent exotropia? 113V ParisCongenital exotropia: a supplement to literature 117M Farvardin, A AlaviInterest of cerebral MRI in infantile exotropia 121

D Denis, E Toesca, N GirardHess Lancaster screen test with the head tilted: a useful test in the diagnosis of bilateral 125fourth nerve palsiesAL Armesto, MC Urgin, E Travelletti, A SchlaenDouble elevator palsy: a 10 years review of the patients from Labbafinejad eye centre 129R Sahebghalam, A Bagheri, S YazdaniSurgery for unilateral acquired trochlear nerve palsy: whats the best choice? 133M Graf, J WeihsThe result of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle in patients with DVD 137YG Balci, SB Ozkan, NK PulurSuperior oblique tendon thinning in Browns syndrome 141CJ Roberts, R Gomez de LianoSuperior rectus overaction related to superior oblique palsy: prevalence, characteristics, 145aetiology and managementM Fresine, C Schiavi, EC CamposFells modification of the Harado-Ito procedure – does one size fit all? 149IB Marsh, N Kumar, S DoddCyclotorsion associated with neurological diseases 153AC SpielmannNon-adjustable strabismus surgery for vertical deviations in thyroid-associated 159orbitopathyD Godts, PA EvensRecession to correct restrictive strabismus is less effective after orbital decompression in 163graves orbitopathyC Schiavi, M Fesina, P VersuraThe use of botulinum toxin in the long term management of strabismus 167RW Gardner, ELM Dawson, GGW Adams, JP LeeUse of botulinum toxin for strabismus post retinal detachment surgery 169ELM Dawson, RW Gardner, GGW Adams, JP LeeStrabismus after orbital decompression 171A Galan, A Wert, R Medel, T Alonso, J VisaBupivacaine injection enlarges eye muscles 177AB Scott, DE Alexander, JM MillerTreatment of cranial nerve VI palsy 181DT Sprunger, DL Rogers, I Ben-Zion, JG Roberts, DA Plager, DE NeelyVisual impairment in stroke survivors: a prospective multi-centre trial 185FJ Rowe, VIS GroupDiplopia and ocular torsion following uncomplicated MT 360 and counter rotation 189surgery for ARMDLS Mengher, GS Uppal, L DaCruz, JF Acheson, JP LeeDynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in strabismic patients 193L Teodorescu, D Cioplean, V IonescuRe-recession of the medial rectus muscles in patients with recurrent esotropia 199A Medghalchi, S Dalili, K AmirrafieAn efficacy of chemodenervation for the treatment of chronic sixth nerve palsy 203IL Plisov, OM Batalova, KG Puzyrevskty, VV AtamanovThe median tucking is a new technique of strabismus surgery 207KG Puzyrevskty, IL PlisovA five year clinical review of children with accommodative esotropia 211S Ganesh, P Singhal, M SharmaResults of OCT in children with hyperopic unilateral high degree amblyopia 215IM Boychuk, EV IvanitskayaSensory evaluation in anisometropic patients 219G Sabino, MJ Giannico, MT Rebecchi, V Perrotta, C FedeliStereopsis test and normal binocular vision: TNO versus titmus test 223I Perez-Flores, J Lorenzo-Carrero

Visual improvement with low vision aids in nystagmus 225H Karakaya, E Yalcin, H TolunSurgical treatment result of third cranial nerve palsy 229E Yalcin, S Yilmaz, H TolunAnalysis of post-operative outcome of orbital fractures 231G Savino, V Perrotta, MJ Giannico, L Messina, D ColucciOcular neuromyotonia 235CF Merckel-Timmer, YS Everhard-Halm, YC Besselink, M de Buy, LJJM Wenniger-PrickEye muscle surgery at restrictive dysthyroid myopathy with diplopia 237D Kosec, I GardasevicEMG-guided botulinum toxin injection for the management of infantile esotropia 239syndromePR Brogden, J Hoole, IG SimmonsBotulinum toxin in horizontal strabismus-lateral recti and previously operated muscles 243respond poorlyPR Brogden, J Hoole, IG SimmonsSurgical effects of the Harado-Ito procedure 247FJ Noordhuizen, I Dekker, MF Brouwer, JTHN de Faber, M Tjon-Fo-SangA comparison of long term visual function in patient following retinectomy or 251encirclement for advanced PVRL Garnham, L Wickham, D CharterisVergence adaptation in reduced acuity: delayed or incomplete? 253A Firth, H DavisUnilateral anisometropia amblyopia: a morpho-functional study with optical coherence 257tomography and microperimeterS Petroni, A Salemi, R Fasciani, E Balestrazzi, A DickmannThe relationship between different types of thyroid-associated orbital myopathy and trab 261levelsO VelittinDoes the size of stereogram affect stereoacuity? 265H Davis, JP Frisby, AM Pilkington, D BuckleyUse of amniotic membrane on wound healing and adhesions in experimental strabismus 269surgeryS Demirel, H Atilla, AO Heper, N ErkamSelf-estimation of quality of life changes related to cosmetically evident squinting and/or 273glasses in younger school childrenM Dostalek, L Tronecek, M Hejcmanova, M PetriscakovaPupillary constriction of patients with intermittent exotropia before and after strabismus 277surgeryA Hikoya, Y Hotta, M SatoPolyneuritis cranialis: a case report with rapid recovery after immunoglobulins treatment 281M Di Pietro, A Scuderi, M RuggieriA novel technique for inferior rectus recession operation 285B Gokyigit, S Akar, A Ozturk, PK Hekimhan, OF YilmazContralateral inferior oblique muscle overaction after unilateral inferior oblique muscle 289weakening proceduresS Akar, B Gokyigit, M Dogan, B Erden, I Perente, OF YilmazThe contribution of strabismus finding to the early diagnosis of the inborn errors of 293metabolismD Tsagkaraki, D Papadakis, E Michailidou, M Spilioti, A Evageliou, I PallikarisRetinal optic coherence tomography (OCT) in eccentric fixation cases 297B Gokyigit, S Akar, S Bayraktar, OF YilmazA practical technique to avoid undesirable infra or supra position in excessive recession 301and faden operationB Gokyigit, S Akar, OF YilmazThree cases of infantile strabismus fixus 305

B Kaczmarek, E Wojcik, E HelvestonPositive Bielchowsky head tilt test in thyroid ophthalmopathy 307J Fernandez, A Galan, J VisaExcessive amount of incyclotorsion in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy 309K Chatzistefanou, T Ramadan, E Iliakis, N Economopoulos, MN Moschos, BJ KushnerFocal dermal hypoplasia or Goltz-Gorling syndrome; a case report 313MM Rijswijk, PJ KruitEffect of graded recessions of inferior oblique muscle in treatment of inferior oblique 315overation and dissociated vertical deviationS Canturk, S oto, YA AkovaA new approach for management of monocular elevation deficiency 319O HakimIntraoperative position and circumference of the inferior oblique muscle 323A Bagheri, M Eshaghi, S Yazdani, A FerdosiThe abnormal anatomy of the inferior oblique (IO) and its influence on the clinical 327aspect of vertical strabismusDE Cioplean. L TeodorescuSuperior oblique palsy: a review of 135 cases 331G Lasorella, L Russo, A Moramarco, E PolitoOrbital fractures: protocol and a case report 335SM Jansen, AJ Bakels, JSM Krijnen, AEL LangenhortsHypotropia in patients with dissociated vertical deviation 337S GamioMacular heterotopia sometimes there is more than meets the eye 341A Tartara, M Arrufat, E Marti, C Perez, S GamioComparison of peropertaive and postoperative anterior segment measurements with 343pentacam in strabismusS Emre, C Cankaya, S DoganayPossibility of ignoring paradoxical diplopia depending on the size of the angle of 347anomalyA Broniarcyk-Loba, PJ LobaThe reasons for over correction and their treatment following congenital esotropia 351operationB Gokyigit, S Akar, A Ozturk, OF YilmazTo compare the results of two faden techniques having a difference in esotropia cases 355S Akar, B Gokyigit, A Ozturk, A Ozbek, B Yilmaz, OF Yilmaz

Transactions 32 nd European Strabismological Association7-10 September 2008, Munich, GermanyForeword by the PresidentXIIIS. B. ÖzkanPrefaceXVR. Gómez de LiañoIn the memory of Dr. Alfredo Arruga Forgas (1920-2008)XVIIExecutive Committee of The European Strabismological AssociationXIXIntroduction of the 9th E.S.A. Lecturer 5H. MühlendyckESA LECTURE: What‟s at stake in infantile esotropia? 7A. RothPrisms for non-strabismics: Is the vergence position of rest stable? 23G. Kommerell, J. M. Otto, M. BachThe “8 diopters base-in test” for the diagnosis of microstrabismus in daily practice 27A. Piantanida, G. Falcicchio, I. PipitoneDoes infantile esotropia arise from a dissociated deviation? 31M. Brodsky, K.J. FraySuccinylcholine activation of human horizontal eye muscle 35G. Lennerstrand, S. Tian, Sweden; R. Bolzani, M Benassi, M. Fusari, E. Campos,C. SchiaviSensory fusion and quality of life in adult patients before and after strabismus surgery 41A. Dickmann, G. Savino, M. T. Rebecchi, E. Di Nardo, I. AprileOutcome analysis of surgery for eye muscle palsy 45L. Cabrejas Martínez, F. J. Hurtado Ceña, J. Tejedor FraileThe profile of strabismus in stroke survivors 49F.J. Rowe, VIS GroupDiplopia and strabismus after pterygium surgery 53R. Gómez de Liaño, R. Borrego, D. SantanderConvergence spasm treated with botulinum toxin 57B.B. Kaczmarek, E. Dawson, J.P. LeeConsecutive exotropia after esotropia´s treatment with botulinum toxin A - 61When can you diagnose?R.D. Gama, A. Sulzbacher, G. Varandas, M. L. Vieira, A. C. DinisSingle horizontal rectus muscle recession or resection for small to moderate angle 67strabismusD.E. Neely, M. El Basha, D.L. Rogers, N. Shah, I. Ben-Zion, D.A. Plager,D.T. Sprunger, G.J. RobertsTechnique and results of bilateral Fadenoperation of the medial rectus - modification 71of MühlendyckM. Kaup, A.C. Mödder, K. HartmannReoperation on faden operation 75I. Ozdemir, B. Gokyigit, S. Akar, A. Oztürk, O. F. YilmazComing back on a fadenoperation, still a nightmare? 79D. Thouvenin, C. Lesage, O. Norbert, S. Nogue, L. FontesThe efficacy of augmented transposition surgery in several indications 83S. Akar, B. Gokyigit, G. Pekel, P.K. Hekimhan, I. Ozdemir, H. Gungel, O.F. YilmazThe submuscular tenon‟s sheath and slipped muscles 87G.P. du PlessisUsing the PlusOptix vision screener for detection of amblyogenic factors in children 93in the united states of americaN.M. Matta, D. I. Silbert, E. L. SingmanRefractive surgery and amblyopia 97A. Dickmann, V. Cima, C. Radini, S. Petroni, L. MoscaClinical and demographic characteristics of childhood intermittent exotropia: 103

A prospective multicentre studyJ.J. Sloper, E. Dawson, D. Buck, C. Powell, H. Davis, N.P. Strong, P. Tiffin,R. Drewett, P. Cumberland, J. Rahi, M.P. ClarkeMedium term follow-up in operated exotropia 105D.E. CiopleanInfantile Esotropia – Influence of the age of treatment in the vertical deviation 109M. Vila Franca, H. Nogueira, R. Dinis da Gama, G. Varandas, M. L. Vieira,A. Castanheira-DinisDiagnosis and surgical treatment of dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD) 113S. GamioRetrobulbar irradiation for graves‟ ophthalmopathy: A retrospective study, evaluating 119the efficacy of doses between 12-20Gy.K.T.M. Johnson, Ch. Loesch, J. Esser, A. Wittig, W. Sauerwein, K. Mann, A.K. EcksteinTendon elongation: a new surgical technique for large convergent squint after three 123wall orbital decompression in thyroid associated ophthalmopathyA.K. Eckstein, M. Holdt, K.T.M. Johnson, J. EsserSurgical treatment of internuclear ophthalmoplegia 127J.M. Durnian, F. Jazayeri, V. Trimble, I.B. MarshSuperior rectus recessions for downbeat nystagmus 131M. R. Vishwanath, A. Maino, I. B. MarshSurgical treatment of the heavy eye syndrome: long-term results with Yokoyama 137techniqueC. Schiavi, M. Fresina, E.C. CamposA review of the Yokoyama procedure for eso-hypotropia associated with high myopia 141C.S. Child, A. Khawaja, J.J. Sloper, J.P. Lee, G.G.W. AdamsMyopes esotropia surgery: results on 45 patients 145G.B. MarconProblems with lateral rectus orbital wall fixation in duane syndrome 149S. B. Özkan, I. IsikligilCongenital Browm´s syndrome: Intraoperative findings and postoperative results 155K. Hartmann, GermanyThe reasons of second and third operations for patients with Brown‟s Syndrome 159B. Gokyigit, S. Akar, O.F. YilmazAetiology of isolated inferior rectus palsy 163L. Garnham, J. LeeSuperior oblique tucking with vs. without additional inferior oblique recession 165for acquired trochlear nerve palsyM. Gräf, B. Lorenz, A. Eckstein, J. EsserSurgery for congenital superior oblique palsy in childhood 169S. Schmidt, M. Gräf, H. Kaufmann, B. LorenzUnilateral superior rectus contracture related to extorsional syndrome: Partner or 173enemy?V. ParisPossible role of higher-order aberrations in idiopathic amblyopia 179I. Berkit, S. B. Özkan, Z. Özbek, P. ApaydinRisk factors in subtypes of anisometropic amblyopia 183S. Akca Bayar, S. Oto, S. Kaya, A.C. Yazici, Y. Aydin AkovaFunctional and electrophysiological correlation in disbinocular amblyopia 187I. Boychuk, O. Terletska, S. SlobodyanikConvergence accommodation does regress with vergence adaptation 191A.Y. FirthGradient versus heterophoria measurement of AC/A ratio: Does a difference occur in 193strabismic cases?F.J. Rowe, C.P. NoonanModifying the lancaster screen to measure the field of single binocular vision; 197The matta map

N. S. Matta, D. I. Silbert, E. L. SingmanLee Screen test versus the Ocular Motility Analyser© (OMA): Comparison 201of technical features and testing methodsA. A. AssafAn improved visualization of oculodynamic eye movement recordings: Comparison 205of two patients with horizontal motility impairmentA.M. Palmowski-Wolfe, Switzerland, C. Kober, Germany, I. Berg, C. Buitrago-Téllez,C. Kunz, E.W. Radü, S. Wetzel, K. SchefflerStrabological photography with the video slit lamp 209M.M. GellrichAnalysis, in terms of millimeters, of different surgical approaches in infantile esotropia 213A. Magli, R. Carelli, A. Iovine, F. FimianiEvaluation of the sensory status in patients affected by Infantile Esotropia, who 217underwent surgery before and after 2 years of ageA. Magli, R. Carelli, A. Iovine, F. FimianiChildhood esotropia: Outcomes of management in a greek referral centre 221N. Ziakas, E. Kanonidou, M. Antoniadis, A. Praidou, K. Ntampos, P. Zotta,K. Boboridis, D. MikropoulosEffectiveness of surgical management in small angles alternating nonaccomodative 225esotropiaASenyakina, S. Rykov, M. Turchyn, M. Shevkolenko,Rare aquired esotropia: Divergence weakness 229A. Szigeti, M. FodorSensorial strabismus due to congenital toxoplasmosis. Eso or exotropia? 233S. Gamio, A. TártaraClinical characteristics of exotropic patients with hyperopia 237J.B. Lee, S.A. Chung, J.H. Chang, Y.H. ChangNon-sensory spontaneous consecutive exotropia in children with esotropia 241S. Hamada, A. AssafNew opportunity in exotropia surgery 245L. Sabetti, I.M. Greco, A. Berarducci, F. FabianiSuperior oblique posterior tenectomy - Is it really safe? 249P. Apaydin, S.B. Özkan, I. BerkitEfficiency of bilateral inferior oblique weakening procedures in V pattern strabismus 253S. Akar, B. Gokyigit, A. Eren, H. Gungel, O.F. YilmazCongenital fibrosis of the inferior rectus muscle 257S. Schmidt, M. GräfClinical characteristics and surgical results in Duane‟s retraction syndrome 261S.A. Chung, J.B. Lee, J.H. Chang, Y.H. ChangPatients operated for Duane´s retraction syndrome-overview of the results in the last 26510 yearsM. Jarc-Vidmar, I. Gardasevic, D. KosecSurgical treatment of atypical form of strabismus at Duane syndrome 269I.L. Plisov, O.M. Batalova, K.G. PuzyrevskyResults of lower eyelid lengthening after inferior rectus muscle recession 273with and without tarsorrhaphy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathyA.K. Eckstein, K.T.M. Johnson, J. EsserAnother reason for vertical diplopia after orbital floor fracture 277R. Lolova, A. BaghoomianThe intensity of downbeatnystagmus during daytime 281N. Rettinger, R. Spiegel, R. Kalla, D. Straumann, S. Glasauer, T. Brandt, M. StruppSurgical options in congenital nystagmus (Ny) 285L.A Teodorescu, D. Cioplean, M. Dragomir, I. VelceaVertical rectus muscle transposition with recession of medial rectus at six nerve palsy 289D. Kosec, A. BeharicNIII palsy with aberrant regeneration: 2 Case reports 293

D.M.J. Godts, P.A. EvensOphthalmic findings in children with periventricular leucomalacia 297S. Akca Bayar, S. Oto, S. Aksoy, I. Akkoyun, Y. A. AkovaDose effect of botulinum toxin A in heterotropia and heterophoria 301F.J. Rowe, C.P. Noonan, R. BatraThe role of botulinum toxin in infantile esotropia 305M. Vila Franca, H. Nogueira, R. Dinis da Gama, G. Varandas, M. L. Vieira,A. Castanheira-Dinis

Transactions 33 rd European Strabismological AssociationBelgrade, SerbiaSeptember 2009Introduction of the 10th E.S.A. Lecturer 5S. B. ÖzkanESA LECTURE: Botulinum toxin – The Moorfields Experience 7J. P. LeeSymposium: Amblyopia - Revisited 15Treating Amblyopia: Evidence from the PEDIG studies 17J.M. Holmes, USAClassification, the aspects of different types of amblyopia 21B. Stankovic, SerbiaAmblyopia beyond acuity, pathophysiological implications 25J.J. Sloper, U.K.Symposium: Selected complications in strabismus surgery 29Lost muscle 31S.B. Özkan, TurkeyAnterior segment ischaemia after strabismus surgery 35J. P. Lee, U.K.Ocular perforation in strabismus surgery 39D. T. Sprunger, USASession I: Amblyopia, Screening, Visual Function 41Brückner transillumination test in induced esotropia 43M. Gräf, Q. Alhammouri, C. Vieregge, B. Lorenz, GermanyControlled binocular acuity: Optimum method of testing 47H. Davis, A.Y. Firth, UKOcular dominance or visual localisation? Can this be modified? 49G. Stephenson, UKSession II: Neuroophthalmology 53Uniocular ocular rotation measures: Octopus versus Goldmann 55F.J. Rowe, S. Hanif, UKOcular consequences of thalamic stroke 59F.J. Rowe, VIS Group, UKNystagmus surgery in oculopalatal tremor 63A.C. Spielmann, FranceSession III: Strabismus Surgery 67Collagen matrix (Ologen) in strabismus surgery 69M. Fresina, C. Basiricò, C. Schiavi, E.C. Campos, ItalyHorizontal or vertical strabismus surgery in peribulbar block and adjustable sutures 73K. Misailovic, S. Petrovic, M. Kovacevic, SerbiaSession IV: Esodeviations 77Restoration of binocular vision after surgery for infantile esotropia 79A. Roth, C. Speeg-Schatz, F. Dorey, M. Bumbacher, S. Gottenkiene, M. Barthélémy,M. Grasser, Y. Trinh, FranceResults of early surgical alignment of infantile esotropia 83A. Medghalchi, S. Dalili, IranModerately large bilateral medial rectus recessions in infantile esotropia 87B. Stankovic, S. Milenkovic, D. Risovic, P. H. Sençanic, A. Stanojevic, SerbiaManagement of infantile strabismus fixus 91B.B. Kaczmarek, E. Wójcik, Poland; E. Helveston, USABotulinum toxin treatment in patiens with esotropia associated to duane syndrome under 95three years of ageR. Gómez de Liaño, R. García Catalán, J. Fraile, O. Rayward, SpainAge-related distance esotropia 99D. Godts, Belgium

Session V: Exodeviations 103Divergence fusional Amplitude can predict the surgical outcome of patients with 105convergence insufficiency:C. Schiavi, M. Fresina, E.C. Campos, ItalyTopics on surgical management of adults with postoperative consecutive exotropia 109Marcon, G.B., R. Pittino, ItalySession VI: Oblique & Vertical Disorders 113A retrospective review of superior oblique tuck surgery for the management 115of superior oblique palsies in a tertiary referral centreO. Frangouli, L. Garnham, G.G.W. Adams, J.J. Sloper, J. P. Lee, UKEffectiveness of anterior transposition of interior oblique in ipsilateral superior 119oblique palsyB. Stankov, M. Ljutica, Dj. Obucina, R. Stojkovic, D. Bubalo, Serbia; V. Regoda, Bosnia &HercegovinaDissociated deviations caused by cortico-tectal lateralisation 123M. Ten Tusscher, BelgiumSession VII: Varia 127Improvement in health-related quality of life in adults with non-diplopic strabismus 129J.M. Holmes, S.R. Hatt, D.A. Leske, USAMicrodeviations and macrosymptoms: What to do? 133V. Paris, BelgiumComputer simulation of Brown syndrome 137M. Buchberger, T. Kaltofen, S. Priglinger, Austria; H. Mühlendyck, GermanyRetinofilms 141D. Fdez-Agrafojo, Y. Meroueh, P. Martín, Enrile, H. Morales Ruiz, S. Busto del Campo,SpainPosters 145A new etiology in infant amblyopia. conversion Visual Loss 147C. Laria, Mª E. Pérez, E. Pérez, D. P. Piñero, J. Torres, J.M. Ruiz-Moreno, J.L. Alió, SpainAmblyopia, Strabismus and Refraction in congenital ptosis 151W.J. van Wooudenbergh-Van Der Linden, W. Duifhunizen-Visscher, J.T.H.N. de Faber,The NetherlandsRelationship between visual acuity and stereopsis in children with amblyopia treated 155with occlusion therapyA. Amaral, P. Leitão, L. Pinto, A. Paixão, M. Martins, A. Toscano, PortugalFactors associated with treatment failure of anisometropic amblyopia 159A. Medghalchi, S. Dalili, IranIncidence of ophthalmic disease of children with abnormal head posture 163C. Hee-Young, South KoreaAssociation of extensive myelinated retinal nerve fibers and high degree myopia 165E. Yalcin, Z. Akingol, S. Sencan, TurkeyStereoacuity using the FD2 at 6 metres, 3 metres, and using a mirror 169H. Davis, M. Sidhu, J.P. Frisby, UKPartially accommodative esotropia after cataract surgery 173K. Dae Hyun, C. Gwang Ju, K. Seong Taek, Rep. of KoreaThe use of dynamic magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of ocular motility disorders 177P. Loba, I. Laudanska-Olszewska, O. Nowakowska, A. Majos, A. Broniarczyk-Loba, PolandPupil reactions in patients with hyperopic amblyopia 181I.M. Boychuk, N.N. Bushueva, UkraineResults of 2 hours, 6 hours and full-time patching regimens for treatment of amblyopia 185C. Hee-Young, South KoreaResults of recession & anteriorization of inferior oblique muscle for alignment 189of superior oblique palsySchool of medicine, Guilan Medical science University, Rasht, IranStrabismus associated with Angelman syndrome 193N. Milic, S. Popovic, A. Pepic, M . Stojkovic, D. Rasic, G. Stevanovic, M. Gakovic, Serbia

Surgical approach in treatment of Möebius syndrome 195O. Rayward, E. Hernández, R. Gómez de Liaño, SpainSurgical results after traumatic section of a lateral rectus muscle: A case report 199S. Popovic, M. Jovanovic, A. Pepic, N. Milic, M. Gakovic, SerbiaThe changes of corneal astigmatism and refraction after horizontal rectus muscle 203surgery in intermittent exotropiaH. Heo, G.H. Mun, S.W. Park, Y.G. Park, KoreaThe clinical course and the difficulties in etiological diagnosis in two patients 207with painless ophthalmoplegia – case reportA. Pepic, V. Brankovic-Sreckovic, S. Popovic, D. Mrvos-Cobeljic, J. Mladenovic,V. Milic-Rasic, SerbiaRelations between ocular dominance and macular nerve fiber layer thickness in 209intermittent exotropia patients with strong unilateral ocular dominanceY.G. Park, J.S. Lee, H. Heo, S.W. Park, KoreaEvaluation of intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with congenital strabismus who 225were candidates for strabismus surgery in one year periodA. Bagheri, M.R. Fallahi, M. Zonoubi, M. Abrishami, M. Aletaha, Iran

Transactions 6 th International Strabismological Association1990, AustraliaThe sixth Bielchowsky lecture: Control of eye vergence and anomalous retinal 7correspondenceBishop PO.Amblyopia: Correlation Between Human And Animal Research 25G K Von NoordenAmblyopia In Old People And Residual Amblyopia In Children: Prevalence 31Before And After Free Visual Acuity Screening And Occlusion TreatmentE Gregersen, A Jenson, E Rindziunski, T VindingAmblyopia: Care And Prevalence In Pre-School Children , 39Campinas, Sao Paulo, BrazilK M Monteiro De Carvalho, N Kara-Jose, R Caldato, A M Oliviera,J Fonseca Neto, V L PereiraThe Incidence Of Amblyopia In Long Standing Untreated Infantile Esotropia 45A D N Murray, C CalcuttComparison Of Treatment Methods In Strabismic Amblyopia 51R M L Doran, S Yarde, A StarbuckAmblyopia, Strabismus And Anisometropia In Congenital Glaucoma Patients 61L M Christmann, JG FergusonA Trial Of P-ERG For The Aid Of Therapy In Amblyopia 67S Takayama, K Nomura, K Fujioka, T Shinkai, M YamamotaRetinal Sensitivity In Amblyopia Cases 73M Ito, M Imaizumi, H Miyazawa, M YamomotoPattern VEP And Accommodation In Anisometropic Ambylopia 79T OhzekiObservations On Grating Acuity Measures Of Children In Clinical Practice 85Using Teller Acuity CardsA Chanda, R M L DoranDevelopment Of Visual Acuity Test By Grating Acuity Cards In Pre-Term And 95Full-Term Newborn And Premature InfantsH Miyazawa, M YamamotoVisual And Ocular Motor Assessment Of Infants: A Preliminary Report 101L MckenzieStudies Of Stereoacuity In Infants By The Tv-Random Dot Stereo Test 109S Awaya, Y Mizukami, A Kamiya, E Koizumi, S MiyakeClinical Applications Of Stereograms Made With IBM Microcomputer 115L L K Lin, S F Wu, J H Jan, A H WangEvaluation Of Langs Test As A Screening Procedure In Children 121L A Peduti-Cunha, J A F CaldeiraInfluence Of Vertical Fusion On Horizontal Fusion 127W AustBinocular Dissociation By The Mechanism Of Time Separation 131A H Wang, J H Jan, J H Yu, L L K Lin, L S KoThe Observation Of Eye Movement Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging 137Y Nishida, E Nishida, K Kani, A InatomiDynamic Analysis Of Head Movements By Means Of A 3 Dimensional Position 143Measurement SystemY Watanabe, H Ohtsuki, H Okayama, H Konishi, Y Fujiwara, S Hasebe,M TakedaA Clinical Method Of Measuring The CA/C Ratio 149I Strachan, M WattsPhotographic Measurement Of The Angle Of Strabismus 155M S Ruttum, K Shimshak, M ChesnerThe Use Of The Corneal Reflex Test Through Glasses 161

Y Hatsukawa, T Otori, B Patel, C Hogg, P FellsSquint Surgery Performed With Measurement Of The Globe By A –Scan 167Compared With Standard SurgeryW E Gillies, A M V BrooksA Method For Determining Intraoperative Length-Tension Curves Of Human 173Extraocular MusclesJ E Egbert, A L Rosenbaum, T M Keoghan Jr, N C Wheeler, K A Buzard, C WangA Right Angle Siamese Twin Calliper For Greater Accuracy And Precision 179In Eye Muscle SurgeryP E Romano, C E HessApplication Of The Computer In Strabismology 185J H Jan, L L K Lin, A H Wang, Y F ShihPolaroid Photorefractive Screening For Amblyopia 189H L Freedman, K L PrestonA New Dot Visual Acuity Test For Children 195H Morizane, K MorizaneEvent-Related Potentials In Disturbance Of Vision Of Psychogenic Origin 201Y OguchiPathophysiology Of The Symptoms Of Infantile Strabismus 209A SpielmannOrigin Of The Lateral Rectus Paresis In Strabismus of High Myopic Patients 215B Bagolini, A Dickman, C Tamburrelli, C ColosimoDuane‟s Retraction Syndrome: A Review Of 72 Cases 221F J Martin, K M BourneFurther Insights Into Developmental Errors Causing Duane‟s Syndrome 229Revealed By A New MRI TechniqueA L RosenbaumStrabismus Resulting From Retinal Detachment Surgery: 235Some Aspects Of ManagementA F HiltonOscillopsia In Congenital Nystagmus 243L A Abel, I M Williams, L LeviTreatable Nystagmus (Manifest Latent Nystagmus) 249R D Reinecke, A A ZubcovResults Of Horizontal Rectus Muscle Surgery To Modify The Null Point In 255Congenital NystagmusJ A Pratt-JohnsonCompensation Mechanisms And Treatment In Nystagmus Patients With 261Albinism Or Congenital CataractH MuhlendyckSymposium On The Management Of Fully Accommodative Esotropia 269P Fells, PV Berard, M Gobin, A Jampolsky, A C B Molteno,G K Von Noorden, C Shor, M SpiritusOutcome Of Accommodative Esotropia 307T Nakagawa, T Kii, S MoriLong Term Follow-Up Of Refractive Accommodative Esotropia 315N Kubota, S AkatsuThe Accommodative Component After Esotropia Surgery 319E L RaabUltra-Early Surgery For Essential Infantile 325E M HelvestonLate Management Of Infantile Esotropia 335AA AssafStability Of The Monofixation Syndrome 343B W Arthur, J T Smith, W E ScottClinical Characteristics Of Non-Accommodative intermittent esotropia 349

S Akatsu, H Iwashige, N Kubota, T MaruoDefining The Limits Of Safe Recession Of The Horizontal Recti Muscle 355A M V Brooks, M R Rivers, N T Strong, W E GilliesOutcome Of Early Overcorrection Of Exotropia 363E L RaabBinocularity After Surgery For Intermittent Exotropia 363S M Wolff, D N LoupeSurgical Alignment For Exotropia In Children 375M R IngA Typical Exotropia 381Y Uemura, N Nozaki, R YamadaDifferential Resection Of Medial Recti In Convergence Insufficiency 385P Nemet, C StolovitchSurvey Of Current Management Of Intermittent Exotropia In The Usa And Canada 391P E Romano, M F WilsonTreatment Of Exotropia With Gasserian Ganglion Block 397O Tamura, M AbeBotulinum Toxin Treatment Of Strabismus 401A B ScottBotulinum Treatment Of Childhood Strabismus 403A B Scott, E H Magoon, K W Mcneer, D R StagerThe Physiology Of Botulinum Toxin 409J S ElstonBotulinum Toxin: An Alternative To Squint Surgery In Childhood? 413S Ahgue, J P LeeThe Histopathology Of Botulinum Toxin Injection Into Extraocular Muscles 421R F SpencerBotulinum Toxin For Restrictive Strabismus 429J LeeA Discussion Of The Current Role Of Botulinum Toxin In Paralytic Strabismus 435R FitzsimonsLateral Rectus Muscle Transplantation Surgery For Third Nerve Palsy 443J Norton TaylorAnterior Ciliary Vessel Preservation During Rectus Muscle Surgery 451C A Mckeown, H M Lambert, J W ShorePersonal Approach For Adjustable Sutures Technique 457E C Campos, C Chiesi, R Gulli, C SchiaviPost Operative Drift Following Adjustable Strabismus Surgery 463R Morris, B Mccarry, P FellsResults Of Stage III Intraoperative Adjustment Of Eye Muscle Surgery 473(Under General Anesthesia) For Neuroparalytic And Mechanical StrabismusP E RamonoSuperior Oblique Silicone Expander For Browns Syndrome And Superior 479Oblique OveractionK W WrightDesagitalization Of The Superior Rectus: A Simple Method To Correct 481Abnormal Head Posture In Congenital Absence Of The Superior ObliqueS Miyake, K Tsuzuki, T Yagasaki, S AwayaA Study Of Horizontal Strabismus Surgery: Is Medial Rectus Surgery 487More Effective On Near Deviation?M Deguchi, T Yokoyama, K Kamihata, Y Matsuzaka, K Kawanami,S Hosoi And H TanakaOvernight Admission Of Outpatient Strabismus Patients 493S J Isenberg, L Apt, S YamadaNeurological Correlates To Strabismus And Other Ocular Motility Disturbances In 501Meningomyelocele

G Lennerstrand, L SamuelsonOcular Motility Defects In Motor Neurone 509K G GibsonThe Effect Of Radiotherapy On Abnormal Eye Movements In 517Dysthyroid ObitopathyJ S Elston, P N PlowmanOculomotor Problems Associated With The Blepharophimosis Syndrome 519J W Walker, R CollinsBlowout Fractures Combined With Isolated Laceration Of Rectus Muscles 521C Stolovitch, P Nemet, M LazarOcular Morbidity In Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants 527C G Keith, L W Doyle, W H Kitchen

Transactions International Strabismological Association19-23 June 1994, Vancouver, CanadaEvaluating The Optical Status Of The Human Eye 3SH Hay, P Reiner, R BryantInter-Observer Variability Of Cycloplegic Refraction In Children 7S Jamal, G R LarocheThe Variability Of Ophthalmogical Parameters In Normal Children 11Age 4 ½ To 5 ½ YearsS Lam, G R Laroche, I De Becker, H MacphersonPolaroid Photoscreening. A New Model And Interpretation Standards 15H L Freeman, L GriffinThe Results Of Russell Corporation-Sponsored Eye Screenings In 14,000 Children 19K S Morgan, J C KennemerDeficiencies Of The Fixation Mechanism 23J Lang, P BischoffPhotopic Visual Field In 2 Month Old Infants 27A Fea, M Delpiano, A Soldi, M Musso, E Miraglia, C Martano, L Mayer,F Vitale BrovaroneA Sweep VEP Test For Colour Deficits In Infant Children 31T D France, J N Ver HoeveChanges In Corneal Topography After Strabismus Surgery In Children 35X-H Wang, ME Wilson, E LC BluesteinLongitudinal Changes Of Refractive Error In Esotropic Operated And Unoperated 39Young ChildrenM Spiritus, O Kallay Jr, C Denis, M Van Der Broeck, D HoffmanFocal Macular ERG In Ambyopia: With Special Reference To The 43Difference Between Hypertropic Anisometropia And Myopic AnisometropiaA Awaya, H Tanaka, Y Miyake, T Yagasaki, N Nakamura, Y SuzukiEfficiency Of Preferential Looking Test And PVEP In Detecting 47Amblyopia In Infants With Or Without Mental HandicapsM S Roy, M Barsoum-Hornsy, LM Khouri, C TremblayA Comparative Study Of Near And Distant Visual Acuity In Ambyopic Eyes 51W Haase, B Schmal, B Damashke, E MeyerCiticoline Improves Temporarily Visual Acuity Of Amblyopic Patients 55Outside The Plastic Period Of Visual SystemE C Campos, C Schiavi, P Bededetti, R BolzaniSteroid Injection Vs Conservative Treatment Of Anisometropic Amblyopia 59In Juvenile Adnexal HemangiomaMV Motwani, J W Simon, J Pickering, R A Catalano, P L JenkinsUsing An Ocular Contact Lens For Amblyopia Management 63C G Summers, LK Davis, JE EgbertThe Physiology Of Suppression In Strabismus 69R Harrad, F Sengpiel, C BlakemoreNeuroanatomic Abnormalities Of Visual Cortex In Infantile Esotropia 73L Tychsen, A BurkhalterFly Test Calibrated 77W De Decker, E Dannheim, R GockelnPreliminary Evaluation Of A Newly Designed Random Dot Test 81L L K Lin, S F Wu, A H WangBinocular Sensory Testing 85B W ArthurCortical Binocular Recovery Following Strabismus Surgery 89L W Baitch, M W PreslanThe Relationship Between The Angle Of Strabismus And Degree Of Binocularity 93In The Monofixation Syndrome

Observation Of Retinal Correspondence In Esotropia 97M Mitta, F Takahashi, K Kani, A InatomiDistance Stereo Acuity Improvement In Intermittent Exotropia Patients 101Following SurgeryT D O‟Neal, A L Rosenbaum, R A StathacopoulosDiscussion Of: Distance Stereo Acuity Improvement In Intermittent 104Exotropic Patients Following Strabismus SurgeryD L GuytonAbnormal Motion Perception In Early Onset Esotropia 106S Hague, J Shallo-Hoffman, P Fells, M GrestyThe Use Of Bangerter Foils In The Management Of Intractable Diplopia 110A Mcintyre, P FellsThe Ultrastructural Immunohistochemistry Of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy 117A Pappa, P MG Munro, R C Howes, P Fells, S LightmanElectrophysiological, Biochemical And Morphological Study In External 121Congenital OphthalmoplegiaA Magli, P Vastarella, T De Berardinis, F D‟Esposito, L Santoro, A Orsini, R NucciottiObservation Of Extraocular Muscle Atrophy In Cases Of Peripheral Nerve 125Palsy Using MRIY Aoki, Y Nishida, T Murata, O HayashiCine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Eye Movements 129R Harrad, M Potts, P Goddard, J Kabala, B HohModified Periodontal Probe For Simplified Forced Duction Measurements 132H S Metz, R YeapleVariations In Medial Rectus Stretching In Esotropia 136A Pechereau, M A Quere, M WeberThe Development Of Eye Movements In Infancy 140M Jacobs, C Harris, D TaylorSaccadic Velocity Analysis In Patients With Divergence Paralysis 144L Lim, A L Rosenbaum, J L DemerSaccadic Velocity And Force Development In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome Type I 148S Tian, G LennerstrandSaccadic Adaption Following Adjustable Suture Surgery 152R W Hertle, D B Granet, M MovagharStability Of The Eyes In Torsional Direction: Spontaneous Torsional 156Eye Movements Are ConjugateL J Van Rijn, J Van Der Steen, H CollewijnA Combination Horizontal/Vertical Prism Bar 159U Flueler, K M Elhatton, D L GuytonIris Plane Parallel Measurement In The Hirschberg 163(Corneal Light Reflection Test) For Binocular Misalignment (Strabometry)P E RomanoVergence Responses To A Base Out Prism 167E CornellComparison Of 3 Standard Clinical Test And A New Test For The 171Measurement Of Torsional DiplopiaOKN Asymmetry In Treated Esotropes 175K W Wright, M Borchert, A A Leverant, J M HwangOKN Asymmetry In Treated Esotropes 178H P Goldstein, R D ReineckeSurgical Treatment Of Exodeviations With Congenital Nystagmus: 182Problems Related To Deviations With Blocking Convergence And Pseudo-Latent NystagmusA Spielmann, A C SpielmannNystagmus Dampening Surgery: Cosmetic Or Functional? 186J E Egbert, J H Anderson, C G SummersLong Term Evaluation Of Extra Ocular Muscle Surgery For Congenital 190

Nystagmus And Abnormal Head PostureE Schulz, E Meyer, W Haase, J LithanderThe Treatment Of Congenital Nystagmus With Botox 194J CarruthersAccommodative Amplitude In Children Wearing Bifocals 201GK Van Noorden, R H JenkinsM X RepkaDiscussion Of “Effect Of Bifocals On Accommodative Range Children” 205By G K Von Noorden And R H JenkinsHyperopia In Infantile Vs Acquired Esotropia: Implication For Glasses 207M X RepkaProphylaxis To Prevent Acquired EsotropiaG W Cibis, M A CrandallProgressive Increase In The Angle Of Deviation In Congenital Esotropia 211M R IngOcular Deviation Under Atropine Cycloplegia As A Predictor Of The 214Accommodative Component Of EsotropiaP NemetPrism Adaption In Variable Esotropia 217S A Stewart, C G Summers, J D Lavoie, J E EgbertThe Influence Of The Prism Adaption Test (PAT) On Surgery For 220Intermittent ExotropiaS Veronneau-Troutman, E Traykovski, J DerosaThe Correlation Between Axial Length And The Response To Strabismus Surgery 224M Graf, T Krzizok, H KaufmannRelating The Angular Correction To The Amount Of Strabismus Surgery 228W E Gillies, M R Rivers, A M V BrooksResults Of 8 And 9mm Bilateral Muscle Recessions For Exotropia 232J E Berland, M E Wilson, R A SaundersLarge Bimedial Rectus Recession (6.5mm Or More) In The Management Of 236Large Angle EsotropiaA A AssafLong Term Effectiveness Of Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession In Congenital 240Esotropia And Acquired Accommodative And Non Accommodative EsotropiaD V Bautista, W E Scott, B Zimmerman, S SarinSurgical Success In Patients With Acquired Esotropia And High Refractive Error 244J Rysenga, JD Baker, J D Roarty, J Petrunak, M SchweersAlignment Success Following Medial Rectus Recessions In Normal And 248Delayed ChildrenJ D Pickering, J W Simon, C D Ratliff, K B Melsopp, L L LiningerPredictive Factors For Exotropia Following Esotropia Surgery 252W R Lee, R V Keech, J KimVertical Shift Of The Medial Rectus Muscles In The Treatment Of A Pattern 256Esotropia- Analysis Of OutcomeS E Brooks, G Deb Ribeiro, S M Archer, M A Del MonteTreatment For A And V Patterns By Slanting Muscle Insertion 260B Biedner, Y YassurUnilateral Surgery For Exotropia With Convergence Weakness 264S P Kraft, A V Levin, R W EnzenauerAnterior Tenonectomy In Horizontal Rectus Muscle Resection: Effect On The 268Post-Operative Appearance Of The ConjunctivaH Van Hecke, M T Miller, P K Rabiah, S El-NaggarVertical Rectus Muscle Transposition In Complete VI Cranial Nerve Palsy 273V SarnicolaThe Superior Rectus Contracture Syndrome 279A Jampolsky

Inferior Transposition Of The Horizontal Recti (Inverse Knapp Procedure) 283For The Treatment Of Acquired Inferior Rectus ParesisJ P Burke, R V KeechAn MRI Study Of Double Elevator Palsy 287W Cadera, J N Bloom, S KarlikThe Spectrum Of Anatomic Variations In Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy 291C Y Lo, T MaruoFacial Asymmetry And Superior Oblique Tendon Laxity In Superior Oblique Palsy 295E A Paysse, D K Coats, D A PlagerShould Early Surgery Be Performed For Head Tilts To Prevent Facial Asymmetry? 299C R Goodman, E Chabner, D L GuytonTrue Versus Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsies: Muscle Mechanisms 303Revealed By Magnetic Resonance ImagingSuperior Oblique Myokymia 307J T H N De Faber, R L J Van RijnThe Use Of The Computer-Assisted Lancaster Test In The Evaluation Of A 311New Operation For Mild Superior Oblique PalsyC Gonzalez, G Ciniciripini, R SanchezUnilateral Modified Harada-Ito Procedure For Excyclotorsion Secondary To 313Unilateral Superior Oblique PalsyM H Younis, A Vivian, J P LeeEffect Of The Superior Oblique Silicone Expander For Superior Oblique Overaction 317C Park, S C ParkSuperior Oblique Tenotomy With Expander 321D Stager, G Beauchamp, M ParksEfficacy Of Posterior Tenectomy Of The Superior Oblique For 322A-Pattern AnisotropiaN Kara-JoseAnterior Transposition Of The Inferior Oblique In The Treatment Of 326Fourth Nerve PalsyC Gonzalez, G CiniciripiniSurgical Procedure In Congenital Brown‟s Syndrome 329H J Kaiser, H Muhlendyck, H Thaller-AntlangerInferior Oblique Overaction In Congenital Esotropi: Fundus Exocyclotorsion As A 333Predictive SignH S EustisVertical Deviations Secondary To Inferior Oblique Inclusion In Previous 336Lateral Rectus SurgeryR A ClineNasal Myectomy Of The Inferior Oblique 340D R StagerObservation Of Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD) By Infrared 347Fundus HaploscopeA Brown-Limon, R R Jasso, E Limon De Brown, JF Burges, P S Lujambio, 351T HernandezA And V Patterns In Untreated Infantile Esotropia And Their Association With DVD 355C L Calcutt, A DN MurrayAnalysis Of The Vertical Factor In Early Surgery Of Early Onset Strabismus 359V ParisDoes Dissociated Strabismus Affect Surgical Outcome In Congenital Esotropia? 363W O Young, M E Wilson, R A SaundersDissociated Horizontal Deviation 366D Romero-ApisDissociated Horizontal Deviation And Accommodative Esotropia: 370Treatment Options When An Eso – And An Exo-Deviation Co-ExistM E Wilson, R A Saunders, J E Berland

Ultrastructure Of The Superior Oblique Tendon 374E M Helverston, M Oberlander, A Evan, B Connors, J ClendenonGraduated Superior Oblique Surgery And DVD 377B P Greaves, A ChadwickA Pattern Horizontal Strabismus, Dissociated Vertical Deviation And 381Superior Oblique OveractionD K Coates, E A Paysse, M Sato, E M HelvestonSurgical Treatment Of Dissociated Vertical Deviation By Faden Operation 385II El Bably20 Years Experience With The Faden-Operation 391H Muhlendyck, J Goerd, S KellnerPosterior Fixation Sutures (Faden Procedure) For The Management Of 395Convergence Excess EsotropiaA J Vivian, L Kousoulides, P Fells, J P LeePosterior Fixation: Adjustable And Without Posterior Sutures 399A B ScottAugmenting Surgery For Monocular Esotropia With A Medial Rectus 403Posterior Fixation SutureAn Alternative Of Fadenoperations In Acquired Esodeviations With Variable Angle 406L De Clippeleir, R Apers, L Van Eckhoutte, M Van Lammeren, H Janssens,L BaekelandOne Stage Intraoperative Adjustable Suture Technique For Correction Of Strabismus 410J S Davis, A W Biglan, R Day, D LandsittelEffect Of Adjustable Sutures In Recession Of The Inferior Rectus Muscle In Thyroid 414OphthalmopathyM S RuttumDiscussion Of Paper By MS Ruttum MD 418S M ArcherStrabismus Surgery In Patients With Moebus Syndrome 419D M Laby, A L Rosenbaum, S J Isenberg, B W FleckBotulinum Toxin In Esotropic Approach To The Medial Rectus To 423Recover Lost MusclesC A Mckeown, R B Metson, I M Dunya, J W Shore, M P JosephBotulinum Toxin In Esotropia Patients Up To 3 Years Of Age 429R Gomez De Liano, J M Rodriguez, P Gomez De Liano, M L De AndresLong Term Use Of Botulinum Toxin For Adult Strabismus 433J P LeePersisting Hypotropia Following Botulinum Induced Protective Ptosis 437P L O Heyworth, J P LeeFlourescein Angiographic Evaluation Of Anterior Ciliary Vessel Preservation 441J Olver, P FellsThe First Textbook Of Strabismus Surgery 445J L Mims III And T BoubelA New Method For Doing Chart Reviews…Without The Chart! 449V C Hansen, L Rovick, R S FreemanDirect Visualization For Nasocrimal Duct Intubation 453S K Mcclatchey, S J JaafarA Manicure For Difficult Crawford Intubations 455R W ArnoldBilateral, Monocanalicular Crawford Loop: Simple Removal For Remote 458NLD PatientsR W ArnoldThe Association Of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstructionwith Ear Infections 462C Morse, D SprungerPeriocular Infection After Strabismus Surgery 464J D Kivlion, M E Wilson

The Autogenous Dermis-Fat Orbital Implant In Children 467K T Mitchel, D A Hollten, W L White, M A O‟HaraSerious Ocular Alkali Burns From The Wood Ash Of Fireplaces And Woodstoves 471J L Zobal-Ratner, J W Simon, S Follett, P Zloty, MW Belin, D TurokIdiopatch Tractional Corectopia 475C S Atkinson, M C Brodsky, D A Hiles, J W SimonEnhancement Of Perkins Tonometry Using An External Cobalt Blue Light Source 479JE Berland, TP Powers,R A Saunders, H Rowe, ME Wilson, W C StewartHow Reliable Are Intraocular Pressure Measurements In Awake Infants 482And Children?H Atilla, L TychsenPediatric Glaucoma – Angle Findings And Outcome 486M M Hastings, J M LittleGonitomy For Glaucoma Complication Chronic Anterior Uveitis 488A S Niffenegger, D S WaltonBiometry Technique For Intraocular Lens Implantation In Children 495J Lawson, M Restori, D Taylor, C LyonsDimensions Of The Pediatric Capsular Bag: Implications For Intraocular 499Lenses In ChildrenE L C Bluestein, M E Wilson, X H WangHaptic Breakage After IOL Implantation During Infancy In A Non-Human 503Primate ModelS R Lambert, H GrossniklausPars Plana Vitrectomy And Capsulotomy In Pediatric Cataract Extraction With 507Intraocular Lens ImplantationT H Metz, M A O‟Hara, W C BaumanVisual Rehabilitation After Cataract Extraction In Children Using Intraocular 511LensesR W Hertle, G E Quinn, D B Schaffer, G D Markowitz, D B Granet,J A NapolitanoPosterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses: Long Term Results In Pediatric 515Cataract PatientsE R Crouch Jr, S H Pressman, E R CrouchIntraocular Lens Implantation In Children (Techniques And Results 1991-1993) 519K M Brady, D A HilesReview Of Proceeding Four Papers In Intraocular Lens Implantation In Children 523J D BakerModified Indirect Ophthalmoscopy For Evaluation Of The Pediatric Retina 527D K Coats, E A PaysseCan Non-Ophthalmologists Screen For Retinopathy Of Prematurity? 529R A Saufders, E L C Blustein, J E Berland, M L Donahue, M E WilsonComplications Of Zone One Retinopathy Of Prematurity Treatment 533J W Mcmanaway III, R Demaio, G W BlankenshipROP In Discordant Twins 537R R Fellows, M L Mcgregor, D L BremerMeasurement Of Low Vision In Advanced Cicatricial Retinopathy Of Prematurity 542P J Droste, M T TreseMolecular Diagnosis Of Inherited Retinal Degeneration In Asymptomatic Children 545A V Drack, B E Nichols, C Sheffield, E M StoneAn ERG, VEP And Eye Movement Assessment Of Children With 549Bardet-Biedl SyndromeT Lavy, C M Harris, F Shawkat, D Thompson, A KrissPhotoaversion In Lebers Congenital Amaurosis 553E I Traboulsi, I H MaumeneeCauses Of The Strabismus And Diplopia After The Retinal Surgery 556J M Hwang, K W Wright

Retinal Re-Detachment After Strabismus Surgery 557N Sondhi, E M HelvestonManagement Of Experimental Globe Perforation During Strabismus Surgery 561D Sprunger, S Kalpper, J Bonnin, J MinturnElectroretinography As A Tool In Distinguishing Bardet-Biedl And 565Alstrom Syndromes In Early ChildhoodA V Whittingham, S R Lambert, W B Dasher, A V DrackDiscussion: Can Non-Ophthalmologists Screen For Retinopathy Or Prematurity? 569E A PalmerOcular Findings In Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome: Results Of The First International 573SymposiumC M Ohnsman, M J BurkeCraniosynostosis Syndromes In British Comlubia 577J Carruthers, D BergCongenital Ocular Synkinesis (Aberrant Innervation)- New Concepts 581H L Freedman, B J KushnerStrabismus Associated With Marcus Gunn Synkinsis 585C Lyons, P Fells, R CollinStrabismus Associated With Meningomyelocele 589A W BiglanIntracranial Pathology In Children Presenting As Concomitant Strabismus 593C Timms, D TaylorCerebellar Astrocytoma Presenting As Acquired Comitant 597Esotropia At Age 18 And 27 MonthsM S Jaafar, M L Z Collins, A I RabinowitzOutcome Of Sixth Nerve Palsy In Young Children 601M Aroichane, M X RepkaPrevalence Of Intracranial Lesions In Children Presenting With Disconjugate 605Nystagmus (Spasm Nutans)K A Arnoldi, L TychsenEpiretinal Membrane: An Unusual Complication Of Childhood Optic Neuritis 609M X RepkaDelayed Visual Maturation 612F Lods, C GrametOphthalmological Examination Of Brain Damaged Children 616M De Bideron

Transactions of 8 th International Strabismological Association10-12 September 1998, Maastricht, The NetherlandsEight Bielchowsky lecture: The influence of superior oblique anatomy on function and xliiitreatmentHelveston ERetinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness In Human Strabismic Amblyia 3TP Colen, JTHN De Faber, H G LemijAssessment Of Detection, Resolution And Recognition Acuities InChildren, Aged 3 ½ - 6 Years, With Normal Vision, Visual Impairment Due 7To Ocular Disease And Strabismic AmblyopiaA Rydeberg, G LennerstrandVisual Acuity Tests Using Chart, Line And Single Optotype In Healthy And 11Amblyopic ChildrenRotterdam Amblyopia Screening Evaluation Study Ramses 15V K Lantau, R E JuttmanAmblyopia Is A Cause Of Visual Handicap 19G Kvarnstrom, P Jakobsson, M Abrahamsson, E Bjernbrink Hornblad, B SunnqvistMeasurement Of Treatment Compliance In Patching For Amblyopia 23H J Simonsz, Bg DijkstraAmetropic Bilateral Amblyopia 26K Verhoeff, R J Grootendorst, J T H N De FaberVisual Prognosis In Children With Bilateral High Refractive Errors 29G Shalit, A Mulvihill, J Howell, G G W AdamsThe Fate Of The Hugh Hypermetropic Eye. A Long Term Follow Up 33E Mezer, B Miller, Y Shauly, A Tamir, W Haase, A W Biglan, E MeyerThe Pattern Of Visual Evoked Potentials In Treatment Of Ambyopia In Children 37A Kubatko-Zielinska, K M Krzystkowa, J LebiedzThe Strabismus Inheritance Study In Tasmania (SIST) A Pilot Study To 41Investigate The Risk Factors Involved In The Inheritance Of Strabismus And ThePhenotypic Expression Of Strabismus In Families With Affected PairsR M Wilkinson, J M Barbour, C H Wilkinson, D A MackeyMotion Detection Test In Central And Peripheral Vision 45V Belli, E Petrelli, R BolzaniContrast Sensitivity , Receptive Fields And Mach Bands 49E Petrelli, V Belli, R BolzaniProprioceptive Effects On Space Localisation In Strabismus 53Y Han, G LennerstrandDoes Early Onset Strabismus Inhibit The Development Of The Uncrossed Optic 57PathwayV Herzau, S StarcBinocular Visual Field Of Strabismus Measured By Starlight Test 61T Hirai, Y Ito, K Ttsuzuki, M SatoA Development Of A New Four-Dot Test To Assess Suppression Scotoma 65Without GlassesT Fujikado, I Matsuda, J Hosohata, G OhmiTonic Interocular Suppression In Amblyopia And Exotropia 69S I Kawano, K Seki, E Watanabe, K Takechi, T Tsukada, T MaruoBinocular Function Of Parents Of Children With Infantile Esotropia In Japan 73K Kanemoto, Y Miyzaki, M SatoDisruption Of Binocular Fusion By Adult-Onset Macular Dystrophy 77R M L Doran, O NelsonThe Effect Of Visual Acuity On The Predictive Value Of The Post-Op 81Diplopia Test And Botulinum Toxin A TreatmentJ E S White, E Dawson, JP Lee, C BunceLong-Term Wearing Of Prism – A Conservative Way To Cure Squint 85

Deviations In ChildhoodE Strangle-ZuschrottHeterotopy Of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys Causes Incomitant Strabismus 91J L Demer, R A Clark, J M MillerNormal Fusion Amplitudes: With Special Attention Paid To Cyclofusion 95D K Parkingson, J P Burke, T L ShipmanA Computer Based System For Acquisition, Recording And Analysis 99Of Eye MovementS Tian , J Yegge, R Bolzani, G LennerstrandHorizontal Disparity Vergence Indifferent Gaze Positions 103A Dickmann, D Di Nichiola, N Gianfrancesco, G Savino, L ScullicaVergence Stability In Microstrabismus 107L J Van Rijn, M P M Ten Tusscher, I De Jong, F HenrikseVergence Eye Movements And Asthenopia: Is Vergence Training Useful? 111A F Van Leewen, J T H N De Faber, J Van Der SteenThe Spring-Back Balance Test, Evaluation Of The Conjunctival Component 115A Pechereau, J M Halberdier, F Lignerreux, F Oger-LavenantThe Elecromyometer. A New Instrument For Measuring Muscle stretching 119A Perchereau, J ChereauStrabismus As An Initial Symptom In Children With Brain Tumors 123M D Mills, D PuccettiA Multi – Centre Prospective Study Of Traumatic Sixth Nerve Palsy 127J M Holmes, D A Leske, P J Drost, R W BeckBotulinum Toxin A (BTA) In Treatment Of Paralytic Strabismus 131(VI And IV Nerves Palsy) In Early And Late Periods Of ParalysisK M Krzystkowa, R Szpytma, A Kubatko-Zielinska, A MadroszkiewickResults Following Treatment Of Third Cranial Nerve Palsy In Children 135L A Schumacher-Feero, A W Biglan, F Mendiola Solari, K W YooA Patient With Sudden Diplopia Due To Abduction Limitation. 138Paralytic Or Mechanical?S P A Van Hulst-Ginjaar, R J W De Keizer, M Swart-Van Den Berg, G J VielvoyeTreatment Of Paralytic Strabismus With Transposition And 142Transplantation Of The Superior ObliqueX Guo, L Ma, G XuDifferent Forms Of Congenital Fibrosis Of The Extraocular Muscles 146W E Gillies, A M V Brooks, M ScottSynergistic Divergence In Association With Congenital 150Extraocular Muscle FibrosisS B Ozkan, E KirThe Evaluation Of Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 154With Computerized TomographyS B Ozan, M F Soylev, Z C Karaman, E Kir, I DurakCongenital Innervation Defect Syndrome 158A A AssafA Relationship Between Strabismus And Congenital Blepharoptosis 162N Kubota, T Hayashi, T Maruo, N Ikuta, M Nakagawa, C UsuiNatural History Of Stilling-Tuk-Duane Retraction Syndrome And Risk 166Factors Of DecompensationK Mcmain, G R Laroche, F Tremblay, J ZurenbinskyFrontalis Muscle Transposition In Ptosis With Unwanted 170Eyelid MovementsTen Tusscher MPM, Roddi RAssessment Of Visual Function, Orthoptic Findings And Underlying 173Diseases In MMH Children With Cortical Visual ImpairmentB Kasmann-Kellner, K W RuprechtVentriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Dysfunction Caused By Wearing Glasses 177

J R M Cruysberg, P W M Snijders-Bosman, W O RenierEye Muscle Surgery In Parry-Romberg Syndrome: A Useful Therapy? 181C Kingma-Wilschut, J T H N De FaberDouble-Bellied Inferior Oblique Muscle: A Cause Of Recurrence Of 187Inferior Oblique OveractionS P Kraft, D Deanelis, I MakerThe Neurofibrovascular Bundle Of The Inferior Oblique Muscle: 190Surgical Implications Of Recent FindingsD R Stger Sr, D R Stager JrA Congenital Accessory Inferior Oblique Muscle Fibrous Band 194Resulting In Mechanical Restriction Of Down GazeA Ansons, A SpencerQuantification Of Inferior Oblique Muscle Recession 197K Monteiro De Carvalho, N Minguini, F J Dantas, P Lamas, N K JosePharmacologic Enhancement Of Inferior Oblique Myectomy 201P NemetInferior Oblique Recession: Correcting Small Angle Esotropia With V-Patten 203Aa El-DinA Prospective Evaluation Of Anterior Transportation Of The Inferior Oblique 207Muscle, With And Without Myectomy, In The Treatment OfDissociated Vertical DeviationA G Quinn, S P Kraft, C Dy, R S Taylor, A V LevinIndications And Clinical Results Of Weakening Both The Superior 211Rectus And Inferior Oblique MusclesR A SaundersDo Simultaneous Inferior Or Superior Oblique Weakening Procedures 215Affect The Outcome Of Horizontal Deviation Surgical Correction?N Minguini, F J Dantas, K Monteiro De Carvalho, D C Moreira FilhoCephalometric Study Of Facial Asymmetry Associated With Long-Standing 221Superior Oblique PalsyM Sato, M Maeda, T Ohmura, T UkaiIsolated Unilateral Overaction Of The Superior Oblique Eye Muscle 225W De Decker, E Dannheim-De DeckerTreatment Of Superior Oblique Palsy In Infants 229D A Plager, E M HelvestonEfficacy Of Superior Oblique Disinsertion Or Tenectomy For Correction 233Of A Pattern AnisotropiaM Goldschmit, J Belmiro De Castro MoreiraSuperior Rectus Recession And Inferior Oblique Myectomy For The 237Treatment Of Congenital Superior Oblique PalsyT Hayashi, F Hasegawa, K Nishide, H Iwashige, T Maruo, C UsuiA New Surgical Procedure For Marked Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: 241Preliminary ReportA JampolskyLong And Short Term Results Of Silicone Expander For Brown Syndrome 245D R Stager Jr, D R Stager Sr, M M Parks, M Pesheva, M C BaneManagement Of Bagolini‟s Syndrome – Plagicephaly Causing 249Superior Oblique Deficiency And Ocular TorticollisC Y Lo, T MaruoThe Muscle Sequelae Following Acquired Unilateral Superior 253Rectus Muscle PalsyA Spencer, A AnsonsCan Analysis Of Saccade Help To Determine Inflammatory Activity In 259Thyroid Eye Disease?H D Schworm, A E Heufelder, A Kunze, E Welge, T Eggert, K P BoergenEarly Strabismus Surgery For Thyroid Ophthalmopathy 263

D K Coats, E A Paysse, D A Plager, D K WallaceIncidence And Mechanism Of Oculomotor Disorder After Translid Bony 267Bony Orbital Decompression For Thyroid Related OrbitopathyA C Spielmann, T Maalouf, J L GeorgeChanges In Eye Position And Ocular Motility After Orbital Decompression 271D Godts F De Wilde, H Smet, P Evens, L Smeets, M J TassignonOcular Motility Complications Associated With Endoscopic Sinus Energy 275M F Murphy, G G W Adams, J J SloperUniocular Restriction Of Elevation Associated With Sinusitis 279M F Murphy And G G W AdamsLateral Incomitance In Intermittent Exotropia 285E Nichol, A AnsonsIs “Earlier” Surgery A Sensory Benefit In The Treatment Of 289Intermittent ExotropiaJ D Baker, M Schweers, J PetrunakOutcome Study Of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession For Intermittent 293Exotropia In ChildrenM R IngLarge Angle Exotropia Corrected By Intraoperative Botulinum Toxin A And 297Monocular Recession Resection SurgeryP L Owens, M B Stominger, P A D Rubin, S Veronneau-TroutmanComparison Between Recess-Resect Surgery And Bilateral Recession In 301The Correction Of Lateral Deviation Of Intermittent ExotropiaT Nakagawa, M Ohba, N Sasaki, H Osanai,Y Pattern Exodeviation – A Variant Of Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 305S B Ozkan, E Kir, V DaynairPrevalent Forms Of Childhood Esotropia 311B MohoneyPrism Adaption For Acquired Esotropia With Distance/Near Disparity 315L Baker, A M Ansons, J P BurkeMotor Outcome For Infantile Esotropia Using Video Corneal Reflex Test 319Y Hatsukawa, Y Kawai, T Yamagishi, M Ishizaka, A Murai, G Ohmi,T FujikadoOutcome Of Bimedial Recessions V Resect Procedures 323J A Bradbury, C ThompsonBimedial Rectus Recession To Equator Site In Infantile Esotropia 327A Vinciguerra, S Pensiero, F Parentin, P PerissuttiA Comparative Study Of Faden (Post Fixation Sutures) Versus Recession 331Surgery In EsotropiaM El Cherbini, F AttiahInfantile Onset Esotropia: Evaluation Of Management Outcome 335A A El Din, A RizkPrognostic Value Of Primary Inferior Oblique Muscles Overaction 339In Refractive Accommodative EsotropiaC Schiavi, C Bellusci, E Gasparrini, E CamposRefractive Surgery Of Accommodative Esotropia: 2 Different Approaches 343S Frosini, R Caputo, L Campa, L Frosini, R FrosiniThe Effect Of Laser In Situ Keratomileusis In Accommodative Esotropia 347S C Park, C ParkDissociated Vertical Deviation: Etiology And Mechanism 353D L Guyton, E W Cheeseman, F J Ellis, D Straumann, D S ZeeReality Of Vertical Deviation Asymmetry In Early Onset Strabismus: 357Observation During General Anesthesia As A Predictive SignV ParisThe Preventative Management Of DVD In Infantile Esotropia 361Y A Cho

Review Of Inverse Knapp Procedure: Indications, Effectiveness And Results 365V Maurino, A Kwan, J P LeeSurgery In Vertical Acquired Nystagmus 369A Spielmann, G Aflalo, A C SpielmannThe Efficacy Of Adjustable Suture Technique (AST) In Paediatric 373Strabismus SurgeryT J Chan, A L Rosenbaum, L HallSeprafilm In Repeated Strabismus Surgery To Reduce Surgical Scaring 377A A AssafNew Strabismus Surgery With An Absorbable Jaw Clip To Reduce 381Suturing ProceduresB M Mion, S Y Kim, J M YangPositional Changes Of Reattachment Site After Superior Rectus 385Recession In RabbitJ Y Kwon, E H Lee, J P Shin, H C Song

Transactions 9 th International Strabismological Association17-20 April 2002, Sydney , AustraliaIntroduction Of The 2202 Bielschowsky Lecturer 3G LennerstrandWhere Should Strabismology Be Going? Pearls And Refuse From Our Past 5E C CamposVision Screening In The Netherlands – Up To Date 27V K Lantau, R E JuttmannOutcomes Of A School Vision Screening Programme 35L Wilcox, E CornellThe Rationale For The UK Amblyopia Treatment Trial 39S Richardson, S Hrisos, J Anderson, J Henderson, C Wright, M ClarkeVisual Screening In Sweden. Effectiveness In The Reduction Of Amblyopia And Costs 41G Kvarnstrom, P Jakobson, J DahlgaardSymposium: Thyroid Associated Ophthalmology 49A Boschi, R Fitzsimmons, A Jampolsky, A Mcnab, A RosenbaumSymposium Of Terminology 73S Veronneau-Troutman, E C Campos, R Laroche, D T Sprunger, C Dunlop,A Roth, C Souza-DiasRefractive Surgery And Strabismus: Workshop 89L Kowal, J De Faber, C Calcut, S FawcettStrabismology Advice For The Refractive Surgeon 95J De Faber, M Tjon Fo SangHeterotopic Pulleys And Anomalous Head Posture In Comitant Strabismus 99J L DemerGuidelines For Management Of Anomalous Head Posture In Comitant Strabismus 103C SchiaviPrimary Monofixation Syndrome In Discordant Monozygotic Twins With Strabismus 109T Yagasaki, M Sato, Y HottaThe Characteristics Of Patients With Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 113(CPEO)C Richardson, T Smith, A Schaefer, P GriffithsA Development Of Stereotest Using Luminance Modulation 117N Sekimoto, M Mizuno, K Okai, A Akaike, Y Takami, S Asonuma, J Hosohata,S Suyama, H Takada, S Sakai, T FujikadoIntraoperative Adjustment In Strabismus Surgery 121J B Lee, Y H Chang, S H HanA Case Of Bilateral Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy Developing After Trauma 125S Kusuhara, A Kanamori, K Ishibashi, Y Sekiya, A NegiCrowding Phenomenon With Logmar Based Test 129R Kuwahara, Y Mori, H Shirabe, K Ishibashi, Y Sekiya, M YamamotoVisual Dysfunction In Children With Reading Problems 133D Godts, M TassignonSurgical Results Of Acquired Non-Accommodative Esotropia 137D T Sprunger, S J Whang, J G GalliElectrophysiological Differences Between Early And Late Onset Amblyopia 141J L Sloper, A R Davis, M M Neveu, C R Hogg, M J Morgan, G E HolderAnterior Transposition Compared To Graduated Recession Of Inferior Oblique 145For V PatternK Monteiro De Carvolho, N Miniguini, L Costa De Araujo, C CrostaStabilization Of Postoperative Deviation By Fadenoperation For Exotropia 149Y Hatsukawa, M Ishizada, A Nihmi, T Nakao, T YamagishiAbout The Origin Of A Pattern 153A Dickmann, M V Stella, A Salerni, C Rendeli, E Salvaggio, M Calderelli, G SavinoNeural Network System And Childrens Strabismus Operation Design 157

W Xixi, X Yu, D TajianModerate Amblyopia In Children Less Than Seven Years Of Age: 163Experience Of The Amblyopia Treatment Study 1M X Repka,The UK Amblyopia Treatment Trial: Visual Acuity And Stereoacuity 167Values In Treated And Untreated Unilateral Straight Eyed AmblyopiaM Clarke, S Richardson, S Hrisos, J Anderson, J Anderson, C WrightLong-Term Visual Outcome In Primary Microtropia 169T Matsuo, Y Kawaisha, R Kuroda, H Ohtsuki, Y WatanabeMorphological Changes Of The Optic Nerve Head In Albinism Are Frequent 173And Have Functional And Refractive ImplicationsB Kassmann-Kellner, K W RuprechtAnatomical Differences In Optic Nerve, Chiasm And Optic Tracts In Human Albinism 177Demonstrated By MRI EvaluationB Kasmann-Kellner, T Schafer, C M Krick, M Backens, K W Ruprecht, W Reith,B SchmitzC-Fos, Egr-1, Bcl-2, And C-Jun Decreases In Visual Cortex Of Cats With 181Monocular Visual DeprivationLejun Wang, Li Wang, W Xixi, K ZhaoClinical Tests Of Distance Stereopsis: State Of The Art 187J P Frisby, H DavisOutcome Study Of Stereoacuity In Relation To Duration Of Misalignment 191In Congenital EsotropiaM R Ing, L M OkinoAniseikonia Measured By Hess Chart And New Aniseikonia Tests 197Toshi Hirai, Miho Sato, K Ukai, C-H Piao, H Terasaki, Y MiyakeUnilateral Recession With Anterior Transposition Of The Inferior Oblique 203Muscle For Correction Of Hypertropia In Primary PositionM Goldchmitt, S Felberg, C Souza-DiasGaze-Related Orbital Pulley Shift: A Novel Cause Of Comitant Strabismus 207J L Demer, R Kono, W Wright, S Yeul Oh, R A ClarkeClinical Findings And Surgical Results Of True And Masquerading Congenital 211Superior Oblique PalsyM Sato, E AminoEffectiveness Of Extraocular Muscle Surgery In Macular Translocation 215With 360 Degree RetinotomyT Fujikado, H Shimojyo, J Hosohata, Y TanoTenon Capsule Transposition In Cases Of Major Excyclotorsion 219A C Spielmann, A SpielmannOculomotor Dysfunction In Migraine 225S ChowdhuryBotulinum Toxin In Chronic Sixth Nerve Palsy 233J M Holmes, D A LeskePartial Augmented Rectus Extraocular Muscles Transposition 237M T Britt, A L Rosenbaum, F G Velez, N Thacker, D Alcorn, R Scott FosterModified Hummelsheim Procedure Augmented By Posterior Fixation 243For 6 th Nerve PalsyA RizkI Type Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome: Pre And Post Operative Saccades Evaluation 249G Savino, D Colucci, S Russo, N Gianfrancesco, D D Nicola, A DickmannPredictive Factor For Upshoot And Downshoot In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 253K Mohan, V Saroha, A SharmaEnlarged Muscle Strabismus 257L Kowal, S Cochrane, P Mckelvie, O BigaultExtraocular Muscle Cysticercosis 261K Mohan, V Saroha, S S Pandav, A Sharma

Acquired Orbital Fibrosis 265C Souza-DiazExtra-Ocular Muscle Limitation In Chronic Progressive External 269Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)T Smith, C Richardson, A Schaefer, P GriffithsOcular Motility Abnormalities In Patients With Blepharophimosis 273E Dawson, J Lee, R CollinDiplopia As A Complication Of Sinus Surgery: A Presentation Of Four Cases 275J T H N De Faber, C Kingma-Wilschut, R J Grootendorts, W VisscherDiplopia In Patients With Orbital Fractures 279A T Fenton, M Dirani, Z Georgievski, M A Coote, J VarvarigosAnderson-Kestenbaum Procedure For Torticollis Secondary To Congenital Nystagmus 285P R Mithcell, M M Parks, M B Wheeler, P G Walden, C J KellySurgical Management Of Anomalous Head Posture Due To Horizontal Gaze 291Palsy Or Acquired Vertical NystagmusC Schiavi, C Bellusci, E C CamposPreliminary Results Of Performing The Tenotomy Procedure On Ten 295Adults With Congenital Nystagmus (CN)R W Hertle, L F Dell‟osso, E J Fitzgibbon, D Thompson, D Yang, S D MellowLarge Horizontal Recti Recession For Treatment Of Congenital Nystagmus: 299Longterm ResultsM K Ibrahim, D T Sprunger, L A Abel, C J Winton, E M HelvestonAcute Esotropia In Heroin Withdrawal 305L Kowal, J Mee, S Nadkarni, M Kozminsky, S KalffDistance Eso Deviation Or Vergence Insufficiency 307B Gillies, A BrooksCyclic Esotropia: V Pattern And Upshoot In adduction 311J W R Pott, D Godts, J T H N De FaberOcclusion For Early Overcorrection Of Exotropia 315E L RaabEye Muscles In Different Stages Of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy: 321MRI And Tension MeasurementsG Lennerstrand, S Tian, B Isberg, L Tallstedt, R Bolzani, H D SchwormOrthoptic Findings In Patients With Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy 325A Rydberg, L Tallstedt, H Dieter SchwormBotulinum Toxin Treatment Is Helpful In Thyroid Ophthalmopathy: 329A 15 Year Aurtralian ReviewC Dunlop, D B Dulop, P Dunlop, G PittarNonadjustable Strabismus Surgery For Restrictive Thyroid Eye Disease 333D Godts, P Evens, F De Wilde, H Smet

Transactions 10 th International Strabismological Association18-20 February 2006, Sao Paulo, BrazilIntroduction Of The 2006 Bielschowsky Lecturer 3Helveston EChanges in strabismus over time: the roles of vergence tonus and muscle length 7adaptationGuyton DLIntroduction of the CLADE Lecturer 37Shokida FThe laws and rationales of the oculomotor balance 39Bicas HEADuanes retraction syndrome 73Ozkan SThe trochlea 81Helveston EMTorsional surgery 87Souza-Dias CDifferent techniques for weakening the superior oblique muscle 93Goldchmit MWeakening the four oblique muscles in the treatment of DVD 97Garnio SInferior oblique marginal myotomy 101Illanes MEOAmblyopia treatment studies – 2006 107Repka MX, Holmes JM, Quinn GE, Hertle RWCauses and outcomes for patients presenting with diplopia to an eye casualty 111departmentCornes R, Dawson E, Lee JOphthalmic nystagmus diagnosis and treatment and differentiation from 117neurological nystagmusHertle RNon-strabismic esotropias 122Repka MXModern surgeries for 3 rd nerve palsy 124Kowal LTreatment of strabismus fixus with high myopia 129Gokygit B, Akar S, Yilmaz OFAmblyopia in capillary haemangiomas 137Jellema HM, Prick W, van der Horst CMAM, Saeed PThe effect of induced anisometropia on stereovision 139Davis H, Keating P, Smith R, Frisby JFundoscopy in the Dutch orthoptic bachelors course 145Kozeis N, Tourvalis E, Gatos A, Kyropoulos AA new test of visual functional assessment (VFA-K test) for developmentally 153delayed childrenKozeis N, Saiti P, Felekidis A, Thoidou E, Triantafyllou GManagement of ROP: close monitoring and early cryotherapy leads to favourable 159resultsKozeis N, Triantafyllou G, Koulali E, Felekidis A

Contrast sensitivity assessed with the Lea contrast test in 10 years-old preterm 165and full-term childrenRydberg A, Holstrom G, Larsson EEccentric viewing training – comparing situation and success in Kenya and 169GermanyVerweyen PAn original approach of microtropic amblyopia: the package 175Paris VOpen your eyes for infant screening 181Lantau VK, Groenewoud JH, de Koning HJPreschool visual screening: the original Belgian approach 189Paris V, Cordonnier M, Guit-Neuforge A, Pirard-Gilbert L, Dubru JM, Mauroy MCEarly detection of strabismus with the help of digital pictures 195Franceschetti A, Mawas LJ, Vital-Durand F, Diraison MC, Leplat FPhakic (iris fixated) IOLs for anisometropic myopic amblyopia in children: pilot 201StudyIgrahim MK, Ibrahim TA, Al Moor OKThe course of intermittent exotropia in a population-based cohort 209Mohney BThe comparison of the surgical result between unilateral lateral rectus recession- 211medial rectus resection and bilateral medial rectus resection in recurrent exotropiaChoy DG, Park HYIntermittent exotropia: comparative surgical results of lateral recti-recession and 213monocular recess-resectFiorelli VMB, Goldchmit M, Uesugui CF, Souza-DiasPalpebral fissure changes after horizontal muscle surgery 219Soltan-Sanjari M, Parsa CF, Guyton DLA new technique of inferior rectus recession operation 225Gokyigit B, Ozturk A, Akar S, Kaunak P, Akbas U, Yilmaz OFAdjustable suture strabismus surgery in infants and children 233Sharma M, Bazemore MG, Said HA, Guyton DLStrabismus surgery learning for ophthalmology residents 239Monteiro de Carvalho K, Flores VG, Minguini N, Vieira JC, Temporini ERRe-recession of the medial rectus muscle in patients with undercorrected 243esotropiaMarcon GBStandard strabismus surgery for thyroid related ophthalmopathy 249Rotberg L, Sprunger D, Sindhi N, Plager D, Neely DSurgical audit of double elevator palsy 255Moreker SDrift of ocular alignment following strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures 257Isenberg SJ, Abdarbashi PSuppressed synkinetic blinks accompanying saccades: an apparent artefact in eye 265movement recordingTimms C, West PVergence adaptation under conditions of artificially reduced monocular vision 269Davis H, Firth AYBaclofen for patients with congenital periodic alternating nystagmus 273Comer RM, Dawson ELM, Lee JPClinical and electrophysiological effects of extraocular muscle surgery on 277infantile nystagmus syndrome

Hertle RW, Yang DSuperior oblique recession and anterior transposition in management of A-pattern 283exotropia with superior oblique overactionRizk AThe effect of overacting superior oblique muscle tenectomy associated to anterior 289transposition of inferior oblique muscle in patients with dissociated vertical deviationKrieger FT, Lambert AC, Alves TCFShift of the insertion of the superior oblique muscle by sclera buckling: clinical 297features and surgerySpielmann ACAdjustable superior oblique advancement for bilateral superior oblique palsy 303Holmes JM, Leske DAStrabismus secondary to retinal detachment surgery: mechanisms and treatment 311Guemes AA practical and theoretically optimal surgical approach to Duane syndrome 315Parsa CFLatex glue: a solution for ptosis after botulinum toxin 321Simoes B, Knupp S, Silveira TAfter-effect of alcohol on binocular vision... or the morning after the night before 325Hockley CE, Firth AYTelemedicine experience with superior oblique palsy 331Helveston EMOcular motility problems following episcleral plaque brachytherapy 337Dawson ELM, Sagoo M, Hungerford J, Lee JP

1967 Transactions of First International Orthoptic Congress, London, UKSome Anomalies Of Binocular Vision 1A JampolskyThe Sensory Aspects Of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence 32MH FittonThe Treatment Of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence 43W AustThe Similarities Between Binocular Single Vision And Abnormal Retinal 48CorrespondenceKE Bullock, P Catterill, VA HughesThe Use Of Space Diagnostic Methods And Of Prismotherapy In The 62Treatment Of Sensory Alterations Of Convergent squintA ArrugaPrisms – Their Therapeutic Use In Concomitant Strabismus With Normal 68CorrespondencePV BerakiThe Selection Of Cases For Orthoptics And Pleoptics In The USA 73J HurstThe Selection Of Cases For Orthoptic Treatment. 88A Discussion Of Special ProblemBL GosnellThe Purpose And Significance Of The Cover Test 95EB MarshallSome New Aspects Of Convergence Insufficiency Treatment 104A Raab, C Steinberg-RaabThe Treatment Of Early Convergent Squint. 107An Analysis Of The Different FactorsInfluencing The Final Therapeutic ResultG Mariani, L PasimoSome Aspects Of Functional Versus Organic Amblyopia 115GK Von NoordenThe Time To Operate 129TK LyleCyclotropia As A Possible Cause Of Squint Particularly In V And A Syndromes 142TK LyleSurgical Principles In The Treatment Of The A And V Phenomena 149A StanworthThe Use Of Plastic Materials In Muscle Surgery 158E A DunlapClinical Feature Of The Retraction Syndrome 165J MeinElectrophysiology Of Eye Muscle 178A HuberTraumatic Anomalies Of Binocular Vision 192E CameronBlow-Out Fractures Of The Orbit 207GM BleakerDiscussionSquint Dating From Birth Or Early Onset 231J LangThe Value Of Contact Lenses In Orthoptics 238M Ruben, JW WalkerNystagmus In Childhood 249KC WybarAlternate day Squint 262

MJ Roper-Hall, JMS YappVertical Deviations Of Anisometropia 272CT HartVertical Deviations Of Anisometropia 277J BagshawThe Importance Of Early Orthoptic Investigation And Treatment In Very 287Young ChildrenGH BoardmanThe Symptoms Of Ocular Deviations In Adolescents And Adults 293TAS Boyd, GE BuddThe Immediate And Long-Term Results Of Orthoptics In Exodeviations 300S Sanfilippo, AC CahaneThe Training Of Orthoptists In Australia 319P LanceOrthoptics In Brazil 323CF Gallo, Z NagueiraThe Education Of Orthoptists In France 326MJ BesnardThe Education Of Orthoptists In The UK 328FB BadcockThe Education Of Orthoptists In Holland 328JG Van Der BoschOrthoptics In Switzerland 335P JostThe Training Of Orthoptists In The USA 337LJ GerardThe Action of Miotics On The Eye And On The Patient 342P Jameson EvansThe Use Of Di-Isopropylflourosophate In The Treatment Of 345Accommodative SquintsJ BryerMiotic Therapy 352R SalisburyThe Action Of Di-Isopropylflourosophate In The Management Of Esotropia 358S MooreReport On The Documents And Historical Exhibition 364F Barnett

1971 Transactions of Second International Orthoptic Congress, AmsterdamIntroduction 1BM LeeOpening Address 3WB GerritsenThe Progress Of Orthoptics 5AS Van Paassen, J Mein, BM LeesCan Cases Of Heterophoria And Convergence Insufficiency With Abnormal 9Fixation Disparity Curves Be Treated By OrthopticsRA Crone, ELM Dekker-BonantsFixation Disparity Method Of Testing Binocular Functions In Patients With 20MicrostrabismusEJ Arnott, CL Calcutt, KT O‟Callaghan, M WelburnDoes Binocular Single Vision Exist 24MH GobinPeripheral Fusion Orthoptics 28T Miyashita, Y Araki, Y KikuchiStereoscopic Visual Acuity In Defective Binocular Vision 36MH Fitton, N Boyle, A Dayson, L Roughsedge, J SimmsThe Binocular Visual Field In Small-Angle Strabismus 43B Bagolini, G RavalicoThe Postoperative Shift Of The Suppression Scotoma 50JJM Bierlaagh, MH GobinThe Importance Of Eliminating Suppression 53JM WhiteThe Treatment Of Small-Angle Esotropia 56ECJF KeinerSensory Influences On The Motoricity Of The Eyes 59J OttoDetermination Of The Objective Angle 65C CuppersThe Sensorial State In Divergent Strabismus 72K Krzystkowa, J PajakowaThe Utilization Of Prisms In The Treatment Of Divergent Strabismus 77AP Ravault, M Bongrand, G BonamourThe Use Of Central Nervous Drugs In Orthoptics 85S Fukai, S Uchida, J TsutsuiPharmacological Studies On Accommodation 96G Callingham, N Restrepo, I Baras, MA GalinA Further Investigation Into The Problems Of Alternating Sursumduction 103EV MclellanCampimetria Of Small Inhibitional Scotoma Following Cure Of Squint 109Investigation By Phase-Difference Haploscope After AulhornW De DeckerWhat Is Abnormal Retinal Correspondence 112A Macleod, K Bullock, B Unwin, C GilesThe Management Of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence 114S Hugonnier, C BernardResults Of Orthoptic Treatment Of Squinting Children In Relation 117To LateralityG Prigent, J Lavat, J Sales, S Jasik, M Oliver-Farcot, F WidmeNeurophysiology Of Amblyopia 131T FlynnThe Evaluation Of Visual Acuity 139A Th, M Van Balen

Visual Acuity Of Amblyopic Eyes Under Monocular And Binocular Condition: 146Further ObservationsS Awaya, GK Von NoordenCentral And Peripheral Visual Acuity Of Eyes Suffering From 153Strabismic AmblyopiaE Aulhorn, Ch LichtenbergVectographic Suppression Studies In Strabismus Patients 161RA Morgan, GE Budd, TAS BoydDifferential Diagnosis Of Amblyopia And Lesion Of The Optic Nerve 169R Esser-LeemanTherapeutic Consequences Of The Analysis Of Simple Forms Of Amblyopia 174J LangStudy Of Separation Difficulty In Strabismus Amblyopia 178(Measurement Of Visual Acuity By Means Of An Optotype Board)G HermansA Method Of Visual Acuity Detection 183GV Catford, A OliverMeasurement Of Visual Acuity In The Strabismic Amblyope 188F ZamfirescuTechnique And perpectives Of Lens Implants (Pseudophakia) In Children 194JJM Bierlaagh, A Van Der Wee, A Kats, PAM Leonard, CD BinkhorstUnilateral Aphakia And Orthoptics 202MJ BesnardTreatment Of Anisometropia 205M Ruben, JW WalkerTreatment Of Amblyopia With Low-Vision Optical Aids 211JB SmithAsymmetrical Correction 214JB WeissOcclusion In Latent Nystagmus 217J WaltonIs Early Surgery Really Necessary 220EA DunlapVertical Rectus Muscle Transplantation to Restore Abduction 229P FellsContralateral Inferior Oblique Overaction Following Unilateral 238Weakening SurgeryEL Raab, FD CostenbaderDysfunction Of The Extraocular Muscles Following Head Injuries 245D Sevel, P StevenOcular Symptoms In Facial Injuries 252J NolanCo-Ordimeter Of Hess-Weiss 256A BeressiOrthoptic Investigation In Posttraumatic Diplopia 262E Friemel Schmidt-HofmannDiagnostic Observation On Acquired Unilateral And Bilateral Superior Oblique 266PalsiesS Moore, L StockbridgeAcquired Ocular Palsy 270EJ Arnott, CL Calcutt, F Clifford Rose,Disorders Of Ocular Motility In Craniopharyngiomata 272K WybarVergence Anomalies After Stereotactic Midbrain Lesions In Man 278JH Seabar, BS NasholdOculomotor Signs In Multiple Sclerosis 283

M SwallowStrabismus In Thyroid Dysfunction 287W ChamberlainOcular Myopathies 296A HuberThe Scope Of Orthoptics In Intrinsic Extraocular Muscle Disease 304AM AndersonThe Assessment Of Cyclotropia In Paralytic Squint 309R WattsA Method Of Electromyographic Waveform Analysis Applied 317To The ExtraocularMuscles With Particular Reference To The Turk-Stilling-Duane SyndromeBH Brown, IM StrachanA New Test For Investigation Of Oculomotor Imbalance By Electro-Oculography322HEA BicasThe Assessment Clinic And Special Problems Of Squint In Mentally Handicapped 333ChildrenJL Kennerley Bankes, DM Thornhill, EL Rowse, PE CorrIs The Functional Treatment Of Strabismus Possible In 338Cerebral Palsied Children?R Pigassou, AM Le Moigne, M CahuzacSymptomatic Uniocular Concomitant Strabismus In Early Childhood 345B HarcourtPost Traumatic Diplopia In Cases Of Long Standing Strabismus 350H Kilmister, VH SmithContribution To The Knowledge Of The Superior Oblique 354Tendon Sheath Syndrome(Browns Syndrome)F Feric-Seiwerth, M CelicThe Superior Oblique „Click‟ Syndrome 360MJ Roper-Hall, G Roper-HallSome Results Of Occlusion In Cases Of Non-Central Fixation 369HM GoodierAn Examination Of A New Method Of Screening Young Children For Defects 369In Visual AcuityCT HartOrthoptic Problems In Aphakia Anisometropia 370VJ MarmionHead Tilt For Better Monocular Vision 370J Dublon

1975 Transactions of Third International Orthoptic Congress, Boston, USAStereopsis And Othoptics: Past, Present And Future 1Robert D, Belnecke MD, Morton G, Simons KThe Development Of Normal Binocular Single Vision In Childhood 11Romano PE, Romano JA, Pukin JEAnisotropies And Scotomas Of Binocular Disparity Detectors In Humans 17Julesz BStereoacuity In Microtropia 25Hill M, Perry J, ICJ WoodNeurophysiological Basis Of Squint Amblyopia: Spatial Resolution Of 31Neurones In The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Of Kittens Reared With ConvergentSquint In One EyeI Hisako, Wright MJCurrent Concepts In Amblyopia 37Von Noorden GKMethods And Results Of Quantitative Determination Of Accommodation In 45Amblyopia And StrabismusJ Otto, D SafraThe Pattern-Evoked Cortical Potential In Amblyopia As An Index Of 59Visual FunctionS Sokol, E T ShaterianPupillographic Responses In Patients With Untreated Strabismic Amblyopia: 69Further Investigations Of The Mechanism Of Amblyopia DisturbanceF Trimarchi, G CasaliAbnormal Pursuit Movements Of The Fellow Eye In Amblyopia And Strabismus 75S Fakai, J Tsutsi, Y NakammuraChanging Approaches To The Treatment Of Amblyopia 93H NawratzkiPenalisation And Prism: New Results Obtained With The Method Of 99Treating Squint Amblyopia With Eccentric FixationExperiences With Penalisation Therapy 105W HaaseUse Of Velocity And Acceleration Measurements In The Evaluation 113Of Strabismus PatientsSJ FrickerAn Apparatus For Measuring Forces In Strabismus 123I M Strachan, R H BrownClassification Of Nystagmus 129B Todd Troost, RB DaroffPrism Exploitation Of Gaze And Fusional Null Angles In Congenital Nystagmus 135L E Dell‟OssoDiagnosis Of Convergent Strabismus With Nystagmus And Its Treatment With 143Cuppers Faden OperationH MuhlendyckFixation Disparity And The Origin Of Microstrabismus 155W De Becker, T ScheffelMotor Fusion In Small Angle Esotropia 167A M Noordenbos, R A CroneMonofixation Exotropia And Asthenopia 173T A S Boyd, G E BuddThe Confrontation Of Cases Of Strabismus With Small Angles Of Deviation 179S PolychroniadisLessons Learned From Microtropia 183

J LangVarieties Of Prism Application In Strabismus Therapy 191W RubinPrisms As An Orthoptic Tool In The Management Of Primary Esotropia 195S Shippman, A C ClahanePermanent Wearing Of Prisms And Early Delayed Treatment Of Esotropia 203P V Berard, R Ready, J BerthonVicious Circle “Deviation-Diplopia” 209J H Weiss, A BeresstPrisms To Determine The Importance Of A Vertical Component Associated 213With EsotropiaL Stockbridge, S MoorePrisms In Superior Oblique Palsy 217F Zamfirescu, J B WeissA Long-Term Follow-Up Of Patients Presenting With Dysthyroid Eye Disease 223B P Greaves, J C GibbWhy The Heterophoria In Some Thyroid Patients Is Not Amenable To Prism 241TherapyF P Catheun, F StegallThe Surgical Treatment Of Dysthyroid Eye Disease 245P Fells, B DulleySome Problems In The Management Of Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy 253T K LyleA Five Year Study Of Patients With Cerebral Palsy Strabismus 271J H Seabar, AC ChandlerDisorders Of Ocular Motility In Children With Hydrocephalus 279L M Rabinowles, J W WalkerThe Association Of “A” Pattern Strabismus With Hydrocephalus 287T D FranceThe Management And Binocular Achievement Of Mentally Handicapped 293Children With SquintJ L Kennerley Banks, D M Thornhill, F J Rowes, E WoodOcular Motility Problems In Cranio-Facial Dysostosis 299J Walker, K WybarObservations Of Ocular Dominanace In The Binocular Vision Of Children 311Vraynar SmithA New Orthoptic Technique In Learning Disability Due To Visual Dyslexia 317D B Dunlop, P DunlopChanges In The Orthoptic Department Of A Provincial National Health Hospital 325M E S HortonMethods And Results Of Treatment To Re-Establish Fusion In Strabismus 333F S Avetisov, P P KaschenkoIncomitant Deviations In Dissociated Vertical Divergence 345H J Bately, LS Labowe, D R SmithRetinal Correspondence In Congenital Esotropia 353N Fischer, J BruceSixth Nerve Palsies In Children 359T H KirkhamOcular Motor Detects Associated With Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus 367V Kelly, B DulleySurgical Management Of Superior Oblique Paresis 379C Souza DiasAtypical Partial Oculomotor Nerve Palsies 393G Roper Hall, R M BurdeCyclophoria Or Cyclovergence: Illusion Or Reality 403R S Jampel, A Stearns

Cyclofusion 409R C Crone, Y Everhard-HalmEye Position Of Strabismus Patients Under General Anesthesia 417L Apt, S IsenbergThe Use Of The Operating Microscope In Squint Surgery 423P Eustace, M Roper-HallFour-Muscle Surgery In “V” Esotropia With Long Term Orthoptic Follow Up 427M H Gobin, J J M BierlaaghThe Increased Certainty And The Increased Correction Of The Bare Selera 441Closure With Bimedial RecessionP KnappEsotropia: The Second Operation 443W E GilliesExtirpation Of The Recurrent Overacting Inferior Oblique Muscle 449M M ParksAnchoring Sutures In The Management Of Complicated Strabismus 453J S HermannThe Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath Syndrome: Differential Diagnosis Of 463Deficient Elevation In AdductionA B ScottThe Assessment And Treatment Of The Residual Deviation 487C L Calcutt, E J ArnottThe Effect Of Prisms In The Treatment Of Squint (Anomalous Movements) 493B Bagolini, N M CapobiancoThe Sensorial Evolution Or Overcorrected Esotropias 501A O Ciancia, N MelekPreoperative And Postoperative Sensory Findings And 507Distance/Near Relationship: Their Influence In Corrected ExodeviationsE L Raab, M M ParksAn Assessment Of The Role Of Secondary And Consecutive Factors In 515Overcorrected EsotropiaR M Brown, B M CooperFusion And Stereopsis In Aphakia 523J Nolan, A Hawkswell, S BeckettStudies Of Suppression In Alternating Constant Exotropia And 531Intermittent Exotropia: With References To Effects Of Fusional BackgroundS Awaya, H Nozaki, T Hoh, K HaradaRetinal Correspondence In Intermittent Exotropia 547H T ForrerManagement Of Intermittent Exotropia 551J T Flynn, S Mckenney, M RosenhouseResults In Intermittent exotropia 559G VelezThe Management Of Intermittent Exotropia: A Comparison Of The Results Of 563Surgical And Non-Surgical Treatment

1979 Transactions of Fourth International Orthoptic Congress, Berne, SwitzerlandOpening Addresses 1R Esser, H Bratschi, AS Van PaasenBurian Memorial Lecture: Points Of View About Sensorial 3Adaption In StrabismusNM CapobincoThe Blockage Syndrome: An Electroculographic Study 7F Moro, S Tomarchio, F Castorina ManganoTorticollis And Congenital Nystagmus: Clinical Classification And Regrouping 9A SpeilamnDissociated Vertical Divergence And Its Association With Nystagmus 14J Mein, F JohnsonNystagmus And The Strabismus Patient 16RD Reinecke, N Coleman-BarrowsThe Efficacy Of Inferior Oblique Myectomy Operations 20B Harcourt, S Almond, H FreedmanSurgical Management Of Vertical Deviations With Particular Reference To IV 24Nerve ParesisFA Billson , S BrownMore Or Less Oblique Recession Of Horizontal Muscles 26M Balon, G Prigent, M Ecoffet, P LavatStudy Of The Cyclovertical Results Of The Superior Oblique Scleral Shifting 29M D‟Esposito, A DanieleSurgical Procedures In A And V Pattern Strabismus 34C Calcutt, B Mathalone, JW Walker, K WybarMobius Sundrome: Multidisciplinary Diagnosis And Surgical Treatment Of 37DisturbancesK Krzystkowa, B Sieradzka, Z BerendaAn Alternative To Strabismus Surgery 42AB ScottForm Vision Deprivation In Man And How To Prevent It 46J Sugita, T ItohA New Test For The Diagnosis Of Amblyopia 50KH Hagemans And A Th M Van BalenHysterical Amblyopia in children 61E Ohmi, J Kobayashi, T Tsuboi, H Mitsuya, O Mimura, K KaniPsychogenic Amblyopia 65GA Van Veen, A Th M Van BalenFunctional Amblyopia In Children Of Less Than 1 Year Old: 67Diagnosis And TreatmentA Roth, Y Lobstein-Henry, M Tondre, E Gaddelle BarbierAmblyopia In Congenital Glaucoma 71CM Clothier, NSC Rice, P Dobinson, E WakefieldMedical Therapy For Amblyopia After Failure Of Conventional Therapy 75H MacleanA Clinical Assessment Of New Alternative Methods Of Treatment Of Amblyopia78RV Banks, F BarnettChanges In The Visually Evoked Response During And After Occlusion Therapy 81WM Barnard, GB ArdenContinuous Wear Soft Contact Lenses In The Treatment Of Strabismic 84AmblyopiaYA Fahmy, M Nyholm, K NorskovModalities Of The Treatment Of Amblyopia According To The Age And Degree 86Of AmblyopiaN Jeanrot, F Jeanrot, G Delfour

Normal And Pathologic Pupillary Reactions 89H AichmairDiplopia As A Presenting Symptom: A Prospective Study 91RB Trimble, VD KellyOcular Myasthenia: Diagnosis And Treatment 95A HuberComparitive Ocular Changes After Unilateral Stereotactic Mid-Brain Lesions 98In ManJH Seabar, BS NasholdOphthalmoplegic Migraine Of Childhood And Adolescence: 101A Disorder Of The 3 rd , 4 th , And 6 th Cranial NervesRC Polomeno, GV Waters, F Andermann, TH Kirkham, S Bekhor, JM Little„Spread Of Comitance‟ After Palsy: A New Explanation Based on Disproportionate108Regeneration Of Motoneuron TypesB Kommerell, S MattheusMyopia Acquired Progressive Esotropia: A Possible Association: The MAPE 112SyndromeLM Wilcox Jr, PS Greenfield, ES Stephens, G StephensFamilial Ophthalmoplegia Plus Syndrome 118JW Frank, TD FranceDisorders Of Ocular Motility In Patients With Spina Bifida 122V Gordon, L MckenzieEye Findings In Premature Infants 125C Braun, A Hoffstetter, Y Lobstein-HenryEvaluation Of Strabismus In Turners Syndrome 127JT Troupe, CC TroupeThe Significance Of Dyssynergy In Strabismus 131M Ardouin, W Fontenaille, M Urvoy, JB WeissElectrophysiologic Studies Of Retina And Central Nervous System 135Of Patients With AmblyopiaM De Carvalho Sardinha, LP NetoElectro-Oculography In Ocular Palsies And Functional Squints 138MA QuereQuantitated Forced Duction Testing And Force Generation Test In 142Duane‟s SyndromeIM StrachanClinical, Electromyogrphic And Electro-Oculographic Examinations In 145Stilling-Turk-Duane Retraction SyndromeM Celic, V DornA New Concept Of Anomalous Correspondence 151D FriedburgAbnormal Retinal Correspondence : Investigation And Treatment 154J Laffineur, MF Clenet-GuthierRetinal Correspondence In Exotropias And Esotropias 155L Cathalifaud De SchneuerAnomalous Binocular Vision Redefined 160R A CroneVertical Vergence And Fusional Movements 161WA HoutmanSensory Fusion 165ME WessonFusion Reflexes: Misconceptions And New Ideas 168MH Gobin, JM BierlaaghThe Complexities Of Suppression In Intermittent Exotropia 172JA Pratt-Johnson, A Pop, G TillsonDecompensation Symptoms In Exophoria Cases 173

H MuhlendyckAcute Divergent Comitant Idiopathic Strabismus 178R Neuschuler, G CristiniSurgical Therapy For Convergence Insufficiency 179JS HermannFactors Influencing The Surgical Results Of Divergent Strabismus 182FJ Martin, S Brown, J Pardey, A Stephens, S Tait, F Merrick, A WattsIntermittent Exotropia 187D Wieser, R EsserThe Evaluation Of The Bielschowsky‟s Head Tilting Test 189HM GoodierExploring The Spatial And Temporal Parameters Of Stereopsis 198DB Dunlop, RA Neill, P DunlopContrast Thresholds In Anisometropia 207IC J Wood, MG StephensonClinical Tests Of Stereoacuity: Do They Measure The Same Thing? 211JP Frisby, P Neilson, J PorterAdditional Tests On The Phase Difference Haploscope 215W De Decker, J BaengeAniseikonia And Binocular Function In Unilateral Aphakes Wearing Contact Lenses 218M Guillon, PJ WarlandRe-Evaluation Of Orthoptic Treatment 222E Schulz, W HasseThe Critical Age? 225AV Maclellan, C Wortham, C JanceyEarley Orthoptic Treatment Of Strabismus Between The Age Of 2284 Months And 4 YearsF Pincon, J BadocheNormosensorial Late Convergent Squint 230J LangManagement Of Variable Angle Esotropia 233PV Bernard, N Mouilloc-Gambareli, R ReydyManagement Of Consecutive Esotropia 236E Meyer, GK Von Noorden, C Waters AvillaLevels Of Stereoacuity Achieved With Binkhorst Lens Implantation For 239Unilateral AphakiaMG Stephenson, AEA RidgwayPatterns Of Heterotropia In Aphakia 242SM Wolf, L Werner, DA BoyceViewpoint On The Use Of Prisms 244M Bourron, T Clayette, C BongardRecent Advances In Thyroid Disease And Management Of Its Ocular Complications 246AL CrombieComplications In The Surgical Treatments Of Dysthyroid Eye Disease 249P Fells, NF Lawton, E WaddellFresnel Prism Therapy In Endocrine Ophthalmopathy 252E Ross-DommaschOphthalmoplegia In Thyroid Disease: The Role Of Steroid Therapy 261PA McfaulDiagnosis And Follow-Up Study In Ocular Muscle Trauma 263H Thaller-AntlangerPrismatic Therapy In Orbital Fractures 271M Woillez, M-J Besnard, M LoulyOrbital Connective Tissue: Its Role In Motility Disturbances After Orbital Fracture 276YS Everhard-Halm, L Koorneef, TH Oei

1983 Transactions of Fifth International Orthoptic Congress, Cannes, FranceTheory Of Vision Screening 19JB SpragueVisual Behaviour In Neonates 23GR Laroche, DP Anderson, AC AllenThe Objective Assessment Of Vision In Infancy 33DJ StarkThe Use Of The Preferential Looking Technique In The Assessment Of Infant 39Visual AcuityM Bongrand, C Gay-Meret, M Grochwicki, F Vital- DurandPreferential Looking In Normal Squinting Infants 47KP Boergen, G Kellere, G Bauernfeind-Kaliwas, R SireteanuPhotrefractive Vision Screening of Infants 53J Atkinson, O BraddickDifficulties In Evaluating Vision In The Young Child 61N JeanrotThe Assessment Of Foveolar Visual Function 69GP PaliagaContrast Sensitivity In Amblyopia 77G Lennerstrand, BL LundhDynamic Topography Of Visual Evoked Potentials In Normal And Amblyopic 85InfantsH Kimaru, J Tsutsui, T KarinoThe Measurement Of Visual Acuity In Visually Impaired Children 91L HyvarinenThe Assessment Of Visual Acuity In Infants With Congenital Cataract 97I Morita, Y UemuraThe Burian Lecture: The Effect Of Supranuclear Lesions On Ocular Motility 103JH SeabarDuane‟s Retraction Syndrome: 119Considerations On Pathophysiology And AetiologyA HuberNeuro-Opthalmic Complications Of Pregnancy 127G Roper-Hall, RM BurderBilateral Fourth Nerve Palsy. Ex-Cyclovergenc, A Warming Symptom Of A 135Periaqueduct LesionG Bechac, P Bec, G Delfour, N Jeanrot, B MarionPost Traumatic Fusion Deficiency 143CW Avilla, GK Von NoordenThe Congenital Squint Syndrome 151J LangEvidence Of Abnormal Optic Nerve Fibre Projection In Patients With Dissociated 161Vertical DeviationsA Fitzgerald, F BillsonThe Relevance Of Testing Optokinetic Nystagmus In Patients With Strabismus 167S Tait, I Atkins, S Brown, M Doyle, J Kelly, F Merrick, A StephensDissociated Vertical Divergence And Exotropia 175J GreenPost Operative Early Onset Esotropia: What Keeps Them Straight? 183(The Margaret H Fitton Memorial Lecture)JW Walker, D TaylorOculo-Motor And Sensorial Anomalies In Esotropia Mono And Dizygote 195TwinsA Magli, S Calbro, G TonnaNosological Aspects Of Congenital And Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 203

P Turut, B Regnault, M Woillez, M LoulyA New View-Point On The Heredity Of Congenital Strabismus 209WL Tydeman, J Spaan, L Polmon, A Th M Van Balen, A AbbinkOcular Motility In High Myopia 217E LeonardiA Comparison Of Single Letter And Snellen Optotype Results 225M Carter, H MacleanMotonueron Activity Around The Primary Position And In Extreme Position Of Gaze 233V Henn, K HeppVergence Eye Movements And Herings Law Or Equal Distribution 239WA HoutmanUnusual Eye Movements In Humans With Attached And Detached Eye Muscles 245A JampolskyDynamic Counter-Rolling And Its Role For Strabismology 251Y Watanabe, R Mori, H Ohtsuki, R Ichikawa, M Nakayama, H Takasaki,Y SeguchiA Paradoxical Pattern Of Ocular Movement Associated With Acquired Superior 261Oblique DysfunctionF Spencer, RB HarcourtAcquired Brown‟s Syndrome 267RM Trimbe, V Kelly, M MithcellSaccadic Velocities On Orbital Fractures 275V WebsterDifficulties In The Management Of Orbital Blow-Out Fractures In Patients 283Under 20 Years OldB Mccarry, P Fells, L WaddellDrug Injection In Strabismus 291A ScottAcupuncture In The Orthoptic Field 295EG Poli, GE ZucchiniHypermetropia In Accommodative Esodeviation 301EL RaabThe Use Of Contact Lenses In The Treatment Of Esotropia With Convergence Excess 317(High AC/A Ratio)G Tillson, JA Pratt-JohnsonFunctional And Organic Amblyopia In Children 323F Lods, C Braun, F Lalvee, G LebertA Comparison Of Distance And Near Vision In Amblyopia 329L Weingeist Lennarson, JZ Portnoy, WE Scott, TD FranceAccommodative Response In Anisometropic Amblyopia With Successfully 337Recovered Visual AcuityJ Sugasawa, Y Ishida, Y Nobe, T UtsumiCongenital Nystagmus, Characteristics And Pathophysiology 345G KommerellIdiopathic Congenital Nystagmus: A Diagnosis Of Exclusion 353IM Strachan, AK ThiagorajahThe Various Elements Of Torticollis In Nystagmus 359A Spienmann, N FontenailleOperative Treatment Of Nystagmus In Patients With And Without Abnormal 365Head PositionH Kaufmann, E DannheimOrthoptists And Electro-Oculography 373JB Weiss, M Munck, E Muller-FeugaResearch By Means Of Computerised Tomography Into Correlation Between 381Orbital Structure And The Position Of The Globe; Its Application To StrabismologyD Godde-Jolly, H Pineau, M Th Iba-Zizen, MS Muzac

Computerised Axial Tomography In Strabismus Patients 393JE MillerUltrasonography In Unilateral High Myopia With Amblyopia 401RG Beneish, FR Williams, RC Polomeno, JM Little, WES ConnollyBinocularity Assessed With Visual Evoked Responses 415EC Campos, C ChiesiThe Elector-Optokinetic Nystagmographic Diagnosis Of Amblyopia 423ES Stephens, A Cinotti, GS Stephens, P Chavis, A VigoritoElecto-Diagnosis- Its Value In Paediatric Ophthalmology 433JJ Clarke, LA ParkerThe Utilisation Of The Computer In Clinical Investigations 443TD FranceData Processing For A Mathematical Analyisis Of Strabismus 449JF Le Gargasson, Y Grall, JL BensimonComuper-Assisted Decision Making In Strabismus Surgery 455W RussmanThe Use Of Micro-Computer In Evaluating Strabismus Surgery 467B Haskins, PL CondonComputer Teaching Of Strabismus 475DK Hartman, HS HertzThe Effects Of And Indications For The Faden Operation On Patients With 485Paretic SquintH MuhlendyckThe Faden Operation Its Influence On Refraction 495C Fava, M Fioretto, ML CostaStrabismus Surgery Under Local Anaesthesia: One-Stage Technique 501Using Adjustable SuturesP FellsSingle Horizontal Muscle Surgery 507GW Cibis, V Crandall-MooreTherapuetic Management Of Exotropia 515A Roth, F Huguenin, L BianchiOcular Alignment Variations After Strabismus Surgery 523P Olivier, D N‟GuyenThe Surgical Treatment Of A And V Syndromes 533P Magnard, R Hugonnier, C Bongard, M Bourron-Madignier, J Caprili, A HulloSurgical Treatment Of Torticollis 541W De DeckerSurgical Treatment Of Ex-Cyclotorsion 549H Iwashige, N Kubuto, T MaruoDesagittalisation Of The Superior Oblique Muscles 553MH GobinIntrasheath Myotomy Of The Inferior Obliwque Muscle 559P Eustace, M BourkeStudies Of Stereoacuity Thresholds In Crossed and Crossed Disparity Measured 565With The New Stereo Tests (Awaya)S Awaya, M Sugawara, T Yagasaki, T ItohSmall Vergence Eye Movements In Stereopsis With Random Dot Stereograms 575T Inui, E Ohmi, K KaniResulsts Of Orthoptic Tests In Low Luminosity 581R RoggenkaemperConsecutive Divergence 587A ArrugaA Study Of The Visual And Orthoptic Problems In Geriatric In-Patients 593J Clayton, JS Clayton

1987 Transactions of Sixth International Orthoptic Congress, Harrogate, Great BritainOrthoptic HorizonsGenetic Aspects Of Strabismus 11B Jay, J ElstonDevelopment Of The Mammalian And Primary Visual System 15LD Beazly, SA Dunlop, CR Braekelvelt, A M Harman, LA Coleman, JE DarbyThe Development Of Eye Movements Their Relationship With Spinning Test 16C Tims, P Novakovic, M Gonclaves, M Gresty, D TaylorProspective Study Of The Development Of Strabismus During The First 216 Months Of LifeD Friedrich, W De DeckerBinocular Competition In Strabismus 29JH SeabarA Long Term Sudy Of Fixation Disparity 35AM Van Mourik-NoordenbosThe Sensitive Period Of Visual System In Humans 44S Awaya, S Miyake, E Koizumi, T HiraiPupil Cycle Time As A Measure Of Autonomic Nervous System Function 49A Pitt, M LewisCorrelation Between Human And Animal Research In Amblyopia 56GK Von NoordenThe Neural Basis Of Deprivation Amblyopia In The Monkey Visual Cortex 63F Vital-DurandThe Electroretinogram By Pattern Reversal (PREG) In Functional Amblyopia 67M Fioretto, GP FavaComparison Of Optotype And Grating Acuity Values At Different Ages 78L HyvarinenVisual Acuity In Amblyopia: A Comparison Between “Preferential Looking” 81And Conventional TestsA Rydberg, ML KirchhoferDevelopment Of Grating And Vernier Acuity And The Detection Of Amblyopia 89In Human InfantsJ GwiazdaVisual Sensitivity Degradation For Non-Fixating Eye In Alternating Fixation 96T Inui, E OhmiWhat We Are Doing When We Occlude Infantile Esotropes 101E Ross-Dommasch, E MorrisAmblyopia: The Prevalence In Congenital Esotropia Vs Partially Accommodative 106Esotropia: Diagnosis And Treatment ResultsClinical Observations In Anisometropic Amblyopia 113CW Avilla, GK Von NoordenAn Objective Evaluation of The Sensorial Status In Esotropia And Of 116Possible Obstacles To Surgical CorrectionB Baaglolini, NM CapobiancoAnomalous Retinal Correspondence Update 124J LangDo Patients With Congenital Nystagmus Really Show OKN Reversal 128SFJ PilleyStudy Of Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus In Children 134M Bourron-Madignier, S Vettard, ML Ardoi, C CypresCongenital Paralysis Of Vertical Gaze 140IM Strachan, JR InnesOcular Motor Apraxia 145B Mccarry, P FellsMyasthenia Gravis 150

H OrtonEvaluation Of Spatial Frequency Discrimination Test For Multiple Sclerosis 156E Cornell, L WilcoxSystemic Steroid Therapy In Infantile Haemangiomas Of The Lids And Orbit 160P Enoksson, P NaeserRelationship Between The Anatomical And Clinical Situation In Patients 166With Different Disturbances Of Cyclodeviation. Diagnosis And TherapyH MulendyckBinocular Visual Fields In Cyclodeviation 174E Campos, C Cheisi, S SchiaviThe Clinical Assessment Of Cyclodeviation 179F Johnson, B Harcourt, A FoxOcular Torticollis Without Normal Binocular Vision Head Tilt 184L Baekeland, A Boschi, D Hoffman, M SpiritusOrthoptic Treatment Of Acquired Superior Oblique Palsy 190S Fukai, J TsutsuiSurgical Treatment Of Trochlear Palsy 198KP Boergen, A BrennerComputers And Electro-Diagnosis In Strabismus 204JC HacheSaccadic Movements Of Strabismus Patients Before And After Surgical Intervention 205P Nemet, S RonAnalysis Of Ocular Movement Through Digital Processing To Television Recording 210R Frosini, L Campa, A Pasquinelli, M Papin, N LandiThe Contribution Of The Intraoperative Length/Tension Curve And The Computer 217Modelling To Diagnosis And Treatment In StrabismusHJ Siemonsz, B Van Dijk, GH Kolling, H KaufmannEstablising A Place For Eye Movement Saccades In Disorders Of Ocular Motility 222A Ansons , J Wylie, RB TrimbleElectophysiological Responses To Crossed And Uncrossed Disparity Under 227Conditions Of Refractive OvercorrectionR Neill, MB Fenlon, P Dunlop, DB Dunlop, C DunlopDevelopment Of A Moving Topography System For The Study Of Visual 234Function In The BrainJ TsutsuiVisual Acuity Testing By Use Of Computer Technology 242S Johnson, J Allan, I StewartOptical quality Of Fresnal Prism – Analogous Measurements In Situ 250W KulnigTemporary Exotropia Following Surgery for Infantile Esotropia 255WE Scott, SH PressmanRecession Of The Conjuctiva In Squint Surgery 263P RoggenkamperPastpointing After Strabismus Surgery: Lack Of Propioceptive Information About 266Postoperative Eye PositionG Kommerell, O BockExtraocular Muscle Morphology And Botulinum Toxin 271K Mcneer, FR SpencerSaccadic Velocities Following Botulinum Toxin Injection 282C Pritchard, J FlynnBotulinum Toxin Adaption Test: Use Of Botulinum In The Investigation Of The 289Sensory State In StrabismusMJ Ketley, CM Powell, J Lee, J ElstonBotulinum Injection Treatment Of Congenital Esotropia 294AB ScottPossible Interactions Between Orthoptic Treatment And Accommodation Pathology 301

R Navarra, G Gaiba, N Zveehi, C Martoni, A Massari, MT Temussi, R ZucchiniAccommodative Myopia, A Decompensation Sign Of Exophoria 307H Thaller-AntlangerThe Association Of Accommodative Esotropia And Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy 317TD France , L FranceA Study Of Accommodative Anomalies In Pre-Presbyopic Age Group 322P VijayalaskshmiFusion Loss From Longstanding Unilateral Cataract 327G Tillson, JA Pratt-JohnsonThe Orthoptists Role In the Management Of Stroke Patients 333CF Freeman, N RudgePanel Discussion Of Accommodative Esotropia:S Moore 339C Calcutt 341S Fukai 345G Martinez 350D Verlohr 354F Williams 357B Zurcher 359Managememnt Of A Pattern Exotropia As A Complication Of Thyroid 361OphthalmopthyG Roper-Hall, RM BurdeAn Orthoptic Case Study Of A Patient Undergoing Medial Orbital Decompression 365For Dysthyroid Eye DiseaseM Payne, P CravenStudies On The Causative Factors Of Proprioceptive Abnormalities In 371Paralytic StrabismusH Kimura, J Tsutsui, S FukaiAtypical Types Of Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 376G MacdonaldBilateral Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath Syndrome – Clinical Features And 382ManagementJ Wlaker, P Rells, B Mccarry, A MooreClinical Presentation Of Acquired Bilateral IV Nerve Palsy 383A Pitt, R WilkinsonAsymmetrical Superior Oblique Dysfunction 388J GreeneSurgery Of Accommodative Esotropia 396PV Berard, R Reydey, P Viral-BerardLong Term Results Of The Surgical Correction Of Accommodative Esotropia 403MH GobinSome Uses Of Inferior Oblique Anteroposition 407W RubmannRole Of The Oblique Muscles In Convergence Insufficieny 412BP Buller GreavesSlipped Inferior Rectus After Adjustable Suture 421EM HelvestonFadenoperation : A Simple Approach To Incomitant Vertical Strabismus 427EG Buckley, BM MeekinsThe “Oblique Kestenbaum” Procedure Revisited 433A SpielmannSurgical Options In Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 438P Fells, B MacarryLong Term Results Of Treatment Of Brown‟s Syndrome By Means Of Partial 442TrocleotomyM D‟Esposito, E Chiosi, A Daniele

Strabismic Complications Following Retinal Detachment Surgery 447AL Rosenbaum, M MunozThe Management Of Surgically Induced Strabismus – Case Studies 448GV Catford, LA WattsMotor Alignment Following Traditional Vs Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery 454D Hartmann, HS MetzFactors Producting Underaction Of The Horizontal Recti Muscle Following 460Squint Surgery. Prediction In Patients At Risk.WE Gillies, N Strang, AM V BrooksIs The 3 Step Test Invalid? 472IM Rabinowicz, AE Stearns, J PetrunakThe Cambridge Crowding Cards For Pre-School Visual Acuity Testing 482S Anker, J Atkinson, C Evans, A McintyreVisual Acuity Assessment In Latent Nystagmus 487D MooreMarlow Occlusion, Is It An Important Pre-Operative Investigation Of Intermittent 492ExotropiaB NeikterThe Importance Of The Synoptometer In The Diagnosis Of Vertical Muscle 499DisturbancesK Kryzystkowa, A Kubatko-ZiellinskaAre The Subjective Tests Still Useful? 505R Pigassou, A BorjaEsotropia And Variable Angle: A Study Of The Dazzling Test And The Different 509Testing MethodsN Jeanrot, L BeziatRe-Evaluation Of The Depth Of Anomaly Concept With Special Reference 514To After-Image TestsT Hirai, E Koizumi, S Miyake, S AwayaThe Project-O-Chart In The Evaluation Of Stereopsis At Distance 519C Giles, C Lewis, K Pascall

1991 Transactions of Seventh International Orthoptic Congress, Nurnberg, GermanyThe Natural History Of Infantile Esotropia. A Study Of The Untreated 3Condition In The Visual AdultC CalcuttPrelimenary Results Of Observation Of The Development Of Eye Movement 11Control In BabiesAm HarwoodVisual Outcome After Seven Years In Infants Of Very Low Birth Weight 16J Luck, J VollerVisual Improvemen In The Multi-Handicapped Child With Cortical 21Visual ImpairmentHL CrossmanObjective Visual Acuity Testing By Means Of Optokinetic Nystagmus Inhibition 26S Fukai, T Hayakawa, J TsutsuiAssessment Of Vision In Children 0-6 Years Of Age 30A Rydberg, B Ericson, G Lennerstrand, E LindstedtThe Effect Of Tinted Lenses On Contrast Sensitivity In Normal And Reading 35Disabled ChildrenA FitzgeraldResponse To Induced Aniseikonia With Size-Lenses In Anisometropic Patients 41E Schulz, R Heins, T HeinsThe Ultrastructure Of Collagen Filbrils Of Tenons Capsule In Normal Eyes 48And In Eyes With Infantile EsotropiaThe Dissociated Vertical And Torsional Deviations In Infantile Strabismus 53A Spielmann, A SpielmannPattern Visual Evoked Potentials In Dissociated Vertical Deviation 58K Furuya, S Kawno, S Shoda, T Sukaue, N KubotaFactors influencing The Sensory Outcome In Congenital Esotropia 63JA Pratt-Johnson, G TillsonNystagmus Intensity Variations In Early Onset Strabismus In Children 68M Bourron-Madignier, S VettardAsymmetries Of Nystagmus 72RD Reinecke, HP Goldtein, LC BlumenfeldA Prospective Multicentre Analysis Of Strabismus Surgery 79JR Lipton,HE WillshawSimultaneous Horizontal And Vertical Surgery In V-Esotropia 84J Van Nouuys-Leenders, I Vleeeming-De Jong, H Knijrenburg-Gaillard,F Bijker, M Van Es-Gutter, L Barenbrug, O Vermeulen-Van Rijt, K Damnes,W Dell, C Durian, K MortierVariability Following Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery 89R Rosen, R Morris, B Mccarry, P Fells, J LeeA Simple Transposition Procedure For Complicated Strabismus 94EG BuckleyAn Anti-Contracture, Self-Adjusting Strabismus Operation: 99Myotomia Laminae GlobalisK MolnarDissociated Vertical Deviation And Oblique Muscle Dysfunction 104L Mccall, AL RosenbaumThe Surgical Correction Of Accommodative Esotropia 105MH GobinDelayed Visual Acuity Development In Alternating Strabismus 112EC Campos, C Schiavi, R BolzaniNotion Of Critical Period In Amblyopia According To Physiological 116And Clinical DataN Jeanrot

The Significance Of Crowding 121S Johnson, JA SparksA New Technique For Early Detection Of Functional Amblyopia 126V ParisHaemangiomas Of The Eyelid And Amblyopia 130JW Walker, R CollinNystagmic Tropias And Optical Penalisation 141MA Quere, O MalauzatChanges In Ocular Alignment After Occlusion Therapy In Patients With 145Strabismic AmblyopiaA Parrozzani, S Pullini, P Gerhardinger, T Sibilla, E Farrari, L De Vicentiis,F Fratolin, G StoccoTreatment Of Amblyopia With The Pattern Flicker MF 17 Stimulator : 150A Critical AnalyisisR Frosini, EG Poli, L Campa, M MottesStereoscopic Co-Operation Between The Fovea Of One Eye And The Periphery 157Of The Outer Eye At LargeG Kommerell, B DenglerNine Years Experience With The Lang Stereotest 163J LangThe Quantitive Measurement Of Interocular Suppression 168N Jolly, A FreemanSubnormal Binocular Vision 172E Dannheim-De Decker, W Hasse, W De DeckerAsthenopic Troubles And Fusion Training 177HH KellerCovering One Eye In Fixation-Disparity Measurement Causes Slight Movement 179Of Fellow EyeHJ Simonsz LJ BourA Study Of Post-Operative Diplopia 184A Hilscox, G Woodgruff, J ThompsonThe Pre-Operative Diagnostic Value Of Botulinum Toxin A 189S Watkins, JP LeeOrthoptic Workup Of Patients Being Considered For Refractive Surgery 194B Bagolino, A Dickmann, G Savino, A MuciClinical Observations In Refractive Accommodative Esotropia 197GK Von Noorden, CW AvillaHow Long Should We Follow Up Strabismus 202Y Watanabe, H Ohtsuki, H Konishi, S Hasebe, Y Tadokoro, K Hasebe, M OhtaniProprioceptive Effects On Eye Position In Exotropia 209G Lennerstrand, J Roll, S Tian, R Roll, JL Velay, Y Han, PV BernardHorizontal Fusional Movements In Intermittent Exotropia 214WA Houtman, JA Spreen, B De VriesThe Role Of Orthoptic Therapy In The Treatment Of Exodeviations 218JH SeabarLong Term Results After Surgery In Intermittent Exotropia 222E Vereecken, C Vereecken, P BrabantIntermittent Exotropia: A Survey Of Current Management 227PRE Romano, JA RobinsonPhotorefraction – A Comparative Study 232TJ Smellie, J Tovey, J DeutschThe Optical Principles And Some Clinical Applications Of The Otago Photoscreener 237A Molteno, IJ HodgkinsonPhotorefractive Screening For Amblyogenic Factors 243CEA Morrris, WE Scott, J Simon, K Preston, H FreedmanThe Clinical Evaluation Of A Computerized Mathematical Model Of Strabismus 250

B Horsburgh, D Stark, D KaultFunctional Exploration In Orthoptic Department 255D Schmitt, L Laurent, P Le Neindre, F Zamfirescu, JL DuthieData Processing Of The Orthoptic Chart: Accuracy And Logic 261F Lods, G LebertVisual Disturbances Associated With Whiplash Injury 269S BrownCavernous Sinus Sundrome: Acute And Chronic 274J TullosThe Pattern And Management Of Strabismus In Dysthyroid Eye Disease 281Rj Morris, PH Rosen, JP Lee, P Fells, B MccarryThe Incidence Of Orthoptic Disorders In A Series Of Children With 286Noonan SyndromeLA Kelly, NB Lee, M SharlandOcular Features Of The Turner Syndrome And The Effect Of Hormone Therapy 291On The AccommodationMC MastersAtypical Adaption Of Muscle Sequelae Following Superior Oblique Palsies 296A Hornbrook, J Kelly, F Erick, M Doyle, G SteadOphthalmic Manifestations Of Head Injury 301L Kowal, S DebonoSaccadic Eye-Movement Recording Using An Intelligent Video Eye Monitor 309A PittEvaluation Of Saccadic Velocity Testing As A Diagnostic Tool In Orbital 313Trauma PatientsC Pritchard, D Tse, JW Kronish, LA Abel, J Vahey, JT FlynnThe Observation Of Eye Movement Within The Orbit Using Cine Mode MRI 318K Nukina, Y Nishida, E Nishida, O Hayashi, A Mekada, A Inatomi, K KaniInvestigation Of Oculomotor Palsies By A computerized Lancaster Screen Test 322JY Guessant, JF Rouland, C Joly, P DebruyneUltrasound Of The Horizontal Muscles In Duane‟s Syndrome 327L Malan, NH WelshBotulinum Toxin A Injections Into Extraocular Muscles In Paralytic Strabismus 332(VI And IV Nerve Palsy)KN Kryzstkowa, A Madroszkiewicz, R SzpytmaBotulinum Toxin A Injection For Acute Sixth Nerve Palsy 336K Cooper, JP Lee, C Macewan, S JonesThe Role Of Botulinum Toxin A Injections In The Management Of Patients 341With Duane‟s Retraction SyndromeJES White, JP LeeThe Evaluation Of Superior Rectus Recession For The Treatment Of Congenital 346Superior Oblique Muscle PalsyS Akatsu, M Tokutomi, H Iwashige, T MauroO.C.E Orthoptists De La Communaute Europeene 353M Louly, C Wortham, J Clayton, A Van Mourik-NoordenbosAACO 50 th Anniversary Poster 354American Association Of Certified OrthptistsEye Care In Northern Saskatchewan – Canada 355E Ross-Dommasch, CC Ewing, E MorrisThe Orthoptists Role In An Eye Screening Program 356(Louisianna Eye Health Program)FL Franks, B RockettEarly Detection Of Visual Disorders In Young Children In Health Care Centres 357K Lantau, DH Loewer-SiegerContrast Sensitivity Normals For 525 Australian Children Aged 6 – 12 Years 358Using The Vistech System

A FitzgeraldDoes Forced Choice Preferential Looking Fail To Recognise The Crowding 359Phenomenon In AmblyopesA Mcintyre, C HoggPreferential Looking: - The Sydney Experience 360C Searle, K BourneUsing IBM PC Microcomputer To Measure Visual Acuity In Children 361R Mcnamara, CN French, ICJ WoodVision Assessment Of Pre-School Children With Multiple Disabilities 362DW HarrisonAmultidisciplinary Approach To Working With Multi-Handicapped 363Visually Impaired ChildrenHL CrossmanCommunication Board Design For Non-Verbal Communicators 364S Collett, A PittThe Orthoptist – Visual – Therapist 365E ColomboA New Field For Orthoptists 366G ScwerdtfegerTreatment Of Children With Contact Lenses 367U Ergstrom, G SimonssonContact Lenses And Congenital Nystagmus 368DJM Godts, AMJ Adank, HGN Veraart, O Lopez CardozoVisual Rehabilitation: An Orthoptic Perspective 369KC FitzmauriceA Trend For A Blind And Hyposeeing Subjects Rehabilitation 370U Monti, F Mignacco, G Sacco, E CremonesiEye Movement Recordings By Electro-Oculographic Methods In The 371Orthoptic Daily UsesL Thiriez, L Bughin, MP Leroy, P VermerschA Long-Term Follow-Up Study Of The Visual Functions In Retinopathy 374Of PrematurityT Iwasaki, N Akaike, H Suzuki, K Harasawa, H MatsuoEvaluation Of Reliability Of Preferential Looking Test After Follow Up 375Of 5 Years As “Signaller” Of Sensorial And Refractive Alterations In Child.L Fusi, F Fusi CzimegObservation Of Fixation And Correspondence In Amblyopia With 376The Fundus HalposcopeT Kojima, K Nukina, M Funabili, K Kazutaka, A InatomiCerebral Mapping: A New Method For Assessment Of Visual Maturation And 377Amblyopia In InfantsD Thouvenin, M Tiberge, B Gajan, M Nardin, JL ArneFixation Switch Diplopia 378W Cadera, K Galloway, T Kaban, RB OrtonVertical Accommodative Vergence 379U Klein-Scharff, G KommerellDelineation Of Stereofields And Stereoscotoma To Crossed And 380Un-Cross Disparity Using Temporal Detection ThresholdsD Dunlop, ML Manning, DC Finlay, SAM Dewis, P DunlopIs BVS Really Necessary For Good Hand-Eye Co-Ordination? 381L KousoulidesBinocular Function In Cataract Operated Persons 382H Dahl, A Schou, PH MadsenAn Alternate-Day Vertical Strabismus After Retinal Detachment Surgery 383H Yamamoto, K Tsuihiji, S Inoda, H ShimizuStrabismusafter Cataract And Retinal Detachement Surgery – A Retrospective Study 384

M Faxander, G LennerstrandA Retrospective Evaluation Of Bimedial Recession And Recession-Resection 385Operations In Early-Onset EsotropiaHM VD Meulen-Schot, LJJM Maillette De Buy Wenninger-PrickResults Of Strabismus Surgery At The Rotterdam Eye Hospital In Patients With 386Graves DiseaseIJ Van Wijnen-Segeren, R Wijngaarde, M Wildervanck De Blecourt-DevilleThe Effect Of Botulinum Toxin Esotropia Vs Exotropia 387H Kimura, J Tsutsui, S FukaiBoutulinum Toxin In The Treatment Of Acute Surgical Overcorrection 388S Ahgue, J Lee, K CooperSurgical Reversal Of A And V Patterns 389R Jenkins, GK Von NoordenStrabismus Correction By Adjustable Globe Surgery – A New Technique 390BP GreavesA Case Of Vertical Strabismus Fixus Due To Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis 391N Kubota, C Usui, F Mita, T Hayashi, H IwashigeDuane‟s Syndrome Associated With Congenital Third Nerve Palsy – A Case Report 392V SubrayanClinical And Electro-Oculographic Findings For The Key To 393Duane‟s Retraction SyndromeP Vermersch, MP Leroy, M Bughin, L ThiriezRecording Of Voluntary Saccades – Dynamic Study 394MP Leroy, M Buguin, L Thiriez, JC HacheEye Movement Recordings Using The Ober-2 Registration System 395J Ygge, A Rydberg, B Neikter,A Seidman, S Wijecoon, G LennerstrandThe Importance Of The Gestational Period In Infantile Esotropia 396M Strathdee, A Stuart, V TosswillEfficacy Of Photorefractive Screening On 20 Month Old Children 397M Angi, R Rizzo, F Rodeghiero, V Pucci, B PiccinelliCongenital Nystagmus – The Role Of The Neurologist In Its Investigation 398JDA Carruthers, JE JanA Study Of Critical Period Of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence In Cases 399Of Consecutive ExotropiaT Hirai, K Tsuzuki, S AwayaThe Polarized Four Dot Test 400BW Arthur, A MarshallMarlow Occlusion Of The Dominanat Eye In Intermittent Exotropia 401B NeikterThe Heavy Eye Phenomenon: Orthoptic And Ophthalmological Characteristics 402KR Whales, MF RainesComputerization Of Hess And Less Screen Testing 403A AssafInstantaneous Capture Method Of The Nine Cardinal Positions Of Gaze 404C Joly, J Y Guessant, P Debruyne, G Constantinides, JC Hache

1995 Transactions of Eight International Orthoptic Congress, Kyoto JapanEast meets WestCan We Eliminate Amblyopia In The 21 st Century? 17T Hirai, M Arai, T Kora, S AwayaAssociation Of Colour Vision Defects In Amblyopia With And Without 22Eccentric FixationMA Deacon, C Leach, H DavisThe Congenital Functional Monophtalme Syndrome Revisited 27A Speilmann, AC SpielmannVisual Screening In School And At Children Health Care Centres In Sweden 32G Kvarnstrom, P Jakobsson, G LennerstrandIs Visual Screening At Age 3 Effective, Desirable And Reproducible? 37A FranceshettiStatic Threshold Across The Visual Field In Amblyopes 42N Nagae, T Niida, M Wakakura, K Mukuno, S IshikawaAmblyopia In Pakistani Children: Causes And Management 45H Awan, M Jalis, H MintoAnisometropic Amblyopia And Microtropia 50K Yazawa, K IkebeTeller Acuity Cards In The Diagnosis Of Functional (Hysterical) Visual Loss 56SE Staffieri, J ElderA 10 Year Study On The Ocular Manifestations Of Head Injury 63Z Georgievski, L Kowal, E HollenbachDevelopmental Delay In Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia 68FJ RoweOcular Morbidity Following Acoustic Neuroma Sugery 74KL Smyth, IB MarshOcular Neuromyotonia: A Report Of 2 Clinical Cases 77M Spiritus, A Boschi, J BergmansA Population Based Prospective Study Of 22 Neonates With Spina Bifida Cystica 82E Caines, M DahlEssential Anisocorica – Is It Really Benign 85GT Denslow, A MccarthyThe Effects Of The Prism Adaption Test (PAT) On The Surgical Plan For 105Deviations With A And V PatternsS Veronneau-Troutman, E Traykovski, S ShipmanWhat Have We Learned From Pre-Operative Prism Treatment? 109D WeiserTreament Of Symptomatic Heterophoria By Small Prisms 113V Paris, JB WeissOrbital Tissue Volume In Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy Determined With MRI 118Y Nishida, S Tian, L Tallstedt, G LennerstrandExtraocular Muscle Surgery After Radiation Therapy For Graves‟ Ophthalmopathy 123K Ogasawara, A Asakura, S Nakanima, M ShibuyaForce Development And Saccadic Velocity In Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy 129S Tian, G Lennerstrand, Y NishidaMeasurement Of Subjective Adaption To Cyclodeviations 134R M Mcnamara, RML Doran, M Geall, L AndertonPfeiffers Syndrome: A Study Of The Orthoptic Problems 139JP Yih, J Walker, I Russell –Eggitt, W Readon, R Ahyward, B JonesManagement Of Persistent Binocular Diplopia Following Cataract Surgery 144The Role Of Fresnel PrismsJ Wylie, Mhenderson, Mdoyle, M Hickey-DwyerA New Device For Measurement Of Head Positions 149JY Guesssant, P Debruyne, JF Rouland

Management Of Head Tilt In Strabismic Patients 157W De DeckerThe Factors Affecting Large Consecutive exotropia Following Surgery For Esotropia 162RYB Roh, JR LeeSurgical Management Of Anatomic Variations In Congenital Superior Oblique 166PalsyC Y LoLong Term Post-Operative Results Of Early Treated Infantile Strabismus 171D Wittebol-Post, Mde GraffIsolated Lacerations Of Extra-Ocular Muscles Following Penetrating 174Stab Wounds Of The Orbit – A Preliminary ReportAND MurraySynthetic Tendon Extension Procedure (Step) In Rectus Muscle Surgery 179S Kheterpal, RK Aggarwal, HE WillshawMasked Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy 184J Van Nouhuys-Leenders, IR Vleeming-De JongMedial Rectus Slanting Recession For Treatment Of Esotropia With Discrepancy 192BZ Biedner, R Frilling, M MarcusFast Vergence Responses To Step Disparity In Small Angle Esotropia 199With Anomalous Retinal CorrespondenceZ GeorgievskiSensory Tolerance To Retinal Disparity In Subjects With Normal Binocular 204Single VisionThe Effect Of Foveal Fusion And Stereo-Acuity On Surgical Outcome In Intermittent 209Distance ExotropiaPE WaddinghamMotion Perception Tested With Reversing grating In Duane‟s Syndrome 213S Awaya, Y Suzuki, T HiraiThe Relationship Between Binocular Function And Monocular Optokinetic 217SymmetryC Timms, F Shawkat, P West, C HarrisMonocular Optokinetic Nystagmus In Parents Of Children With 222Congenital EsotropiaM Sato, LA Abel, EM HelvestonBotulinum Toxin A In Essential Infantile Esotropia 229EC Campos, C Shiavi, L Scrorolli, S PiaggiUse Of Botulinum Toxin In Acquired Nystagmus 232IB March, A Kosmin, KL SmythA Case Of Abducens Palsy Due To Neuroborreliosis 241J Krijnen, L PolmanThe Pulfrich Steroephenomenon – A Literature Review And 249Experimental InvestigationAG Pechereau, MA Quere, M Weber, F LavenantVideorefraction: Its Use In Infant Vision Screening To Detect Strabismus 254And Abnormal Refractive ErrorsS E Anker, J Atkinson, OJ BraddickStudies On Retinal Image – Development Of The Prejection Method 259By The Non-Mydriasis Fundus Camera With A Built In TargetS Uchida, S FukaiClinical Applicationof The Non-Mydriasis Fundus Camera With A Built In Target 264S Miyake, S Ohtomo, K Orito, S UchidaIncidence Of Post-Operative Diplopia In Adults After Surgery For Early 268Onset Strabismus: An IOA StudyE Cornell, N Jolly, R HeardThe Detection Of Visual Stimuli By Drivers 274N Jolly, P Mithcell, W Smith

Incidence of Bitemporal Hemianopic Visual Field Defects In Pituitary Tumours 279F Rowe, C Thompson, A WebsterUsefulness Of Automated peripheral Isoptometry And Central Three Zone Testing 284For Visual Field Screening In ChildrenH Suzumura, A Kobayashi, S Saito, A Koori, K Harasawa, N Endo,M UsuiPreliminary Evaluation Of A Long Term Screening Project 289K Thoren, J Andersson, E Caines, F RasmussonAssessment Of Visual Acuity In Preterm And Newborn Infants 292R Frosini, S Frosini, L Campa, R Caputo, G TosiniECCVUE: Computer Software For Eccentric Viewing Training 298K Fitzmaurice, JF Kinnear, YA Chen,Visual Stimulation: Its Benefits In Therapy Of Low-Vision Pre-School Children 303H Van Dueren, G Loots, H ThoneFunctional State Of Retina In Children With Amblyopia 309I BoichukA Long-Term Follow Up Study Of The Functional Outcome Of Eyes In Infants 310Of Very Low BirthweightE Ch. SchwarzEarly Vision Screening – An International Study 311M WackerhagenScreening Of Amblyogenic Factors By Photorefractor 312R Ishii, K Yazawa, A KanaiEffects Of Parental Education In The Treatment Of Amblyopia 313A Rydberg, A Goransson, G Lennerstrand, P WilenThe Melbourne Initial Screening Test (MIST) 314S Brown, R Duyshart, I StoryA Follow Up Of Visual Acuity In Amblyopia Patients With Astigmatism 315K Suda, Y Mori, H Shirabe, Y Sekiya, M YamamotoContrast Sensitivity Analysis In Amblyopia Cases 316Y Mori, K Suda, H Shirabe, Y Sekiya , M YamamotTreatment Of Strabismic Amblyopia In Patients With Dissociated Vertical Deviation 317C Usui, N Kubota, M Nakagawa, N IkutaThe Cardiff Acuity Test: A New Measure For Infant Vision In Practice 318A BrownThe Use Of Cambridge Crowding Test In The Assessment Of Visual Acuity: 319A Clinical StudyIM Pocas, H Marques, L Dias PerieraScreening For Refractive Errors By MTI Photoscreener TM In Young Children 320R Fukuhara, M Totuka, C Miida, K Fujiike, T Nakamura, S Nishina, K Tomita,Y TanakaEvaluation Of The Standard Cure For Anisometropic Amblyopia 321S Takamura, K MatsudaA Protocol For Occlusion Therapy In Amblyopia 322B UnwinPilot Study Of Low Dose Phenylephrine 2.0% And Atropine Sulphate 0.2% In 323African-American ChildrenJC Merritt, NR HannaAmblyopia In The Pediatric Population Treated With Silicone Oil For 324Retinal DetachmentB Bieder, I KlempererFactors That Contribute To Visual Loss In Strabismic Patients 325N Jolly, A Freeman, V NguyenVision Screening In Ethnic Minorities 326LA Baxter, R FullerThe Results Of The Treatment Of Functional Amblyopia In Children At Age 7 And On 327S Bosnjakovska, V Celeva, M Golubovic-Arsovska

Orthoptic Visual Screening Of Pre-School Children In Hong Kong 328GHS Leung, MK Leung, YH NG, RCM TsuiKinetic Vision Refractive Amblyopia 329F Matsumoto, S UchidaThe Number Of Low Vision Patients In Japan 330K Tajima, T Mori, M Shibuya, A Asakura, S NakajimaVergence Adaption In Fully Accommodative Esotropia 331AY FirthA Review Of Excessive Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation (AC/A) Ratio 333HJ Abbott, AY Firth, Cm LeachStrabismus And Orthoptics In Republica De Cabo Verde 334Gulbenkain Ophthalmologic MissionsL Dias Pereira, F Inocencio, Ilda Pocas, LN Ferraz De OlivieraFresnel Membrane Prism For Partially Accommodative Esotropia 335T Hasimoto, K Yago, H TanjiAngle Reduction In Infantile Esotropia With Prismatic Treatment 336H Yamamoto, K HozawaComparison Of Exodeviation Corrected By Glasses And Contact Lenses In 337Bilaterally Aphakic EyesS Ohta, Y Matsui, S OonoAccommodation, Convergence And Pupil Dynamics In Phoriamyopia 338M Matsuo, S Ohta, Y Matsui, S Hara, S OonoIntermittent Exotropia Of Distance Type: Patient V Practitioner Perception 339Of Outcome Of TreatmentJES White, P Fells, JP LeeDuane‟s Retraction Syndrome – A Different Perspective From Johannesburg 340SC Young, NH WelshRecession Of Both Horizontal Recti Muscles In Duane‟s Syndrome With Globe 341Retraction In Primary PositionsDT SprungerA Cyclic Esotropia With A 3 Month Cycle Combined With A 24-72 Hour Cycle 342Y Shin, H Nemoto, Y Nemoto, K ChibaTreatment by Acupuncture Of Convergent Strabismus With Variable Angle 343S Labrador, F Renaudot, A Poletti, J Poletti, S Franzini XL, XuSome Considerations On Age-Limit In Treatment Of Childhood Squint 345I Reich-d‟Almeida, F Reich-D‟almeidaThe Treatment Of Total Paralyisis Of The Lateral Rectus By Transposition According 346To HummelsheimL Dias Pereira, F Vaz, I Pocasa, LN Ferraz De OliveiraSurgical Treatment Of Acquired Convergent Strabismus Surgery 348G Matsuura, J Kawahara, T Iwasaki, Y Wakayabayashi, A Sanada,A Toyoguchi, K Yamamota, T Mizusawa, K Harasawa, MusuiFactors Influencing Surgical Overcorrection 349L Polman, F Kamsteeg, M Weel, J KrijneneFactors Influencing Binocularity For Horizontal Strabismus Energy In Adults 350F Umazume, H Ohtsuki, S Hasebe, M Okano, T FuruseInfluence Of Dynamic Background On The Eye Position 351M Yamashita, T Tokoro, T Murakami, J AsakawaMRI Measurement Of normal Eye Muscle In Different Gaze 352Y Nishida, S Tian, B Isberg, G LennerstrandAnalysis Of Ambiguous Eye Movements During The Cover Tests 353S Hasebe, H Ohtsuki, N Umazume, K HasebeOthoptic Training In Acquired Ocular Movememtn Disorders 354N Sakai, S Fukai, N Arai, M Oka, H KimuraOn The Semieology Of A And V Patterns: Vertical Manipulation Of The Head 355(Dolls Head Phenomenon)

M ZanasiThe Orthoptist In The Care Of Patients With Brain Injury (Head Injury & Cerebro 356Vascular Accident)A Macfarlane, N JollyFourth Cranial Nerve Palsy In Benign Intracranial Hypertension 357FJ RoweCommunity Prevalence Of Vertical Deviations In People Aged 49 Years And Older 358R Sparkes, N Jolly, P Mithcell, W SmithA Study Of The Histochemical And Cytoenzymatic Alterations In Human 359Strabismic Oculomotor MusclesY Ducournau, MA Quere, A PechereauMorphological Changes In Extraocular Muscel Of The Rabbit Produced 360By Botulinum ToxinH Ohtsuki, S Hasebe, M OkanoTreatment Of Acute Comitant Esotropia With Botulinum A Toxin 361M Ohba, T Kii, M Hotubo, T NakagawaA Case Of Congenital Abducens Palsy Treated With Botulinum Toxin 362H Kimura, N Arai, M Oka, N Sakai, S Fukai, A TabuchiReceptive Fields Of Retinal Ganglion Cells And Visual Fields 363M Takahima, K KaniBinocular Cumulative Phenomenon Within The Binocular Visual Field 364A Wakayama, S FukaiA Survey On Perception Of Visual Field Change 365N Akaike, K Baba, H Muto, Kharasawa, N EndoPupil Perimetry – Prototype Device 366T Matsui, T Yoshitimo, A Fujita, K Mukuno, S IshikawaThree Dimensional Perception And The Use Of Virtual Reality System 367Y Komachi, K Miyazaki, T Murata, S Nagata, KknaiDifference Of Depth Perception By Usage Of Unilateral Visual Centre Or 368Bilateral Visual CentresK Toda, A Watanabe, T Nakano, K KitaharaPhotographic Method Of Measurement Of Ocular Deviation By Analysis Of The 370Corneal ReflexF Lignereux, A PechereauVideographic Analysis Of The Corneal Reflex Test In Spectacle Wearers 371Y Hatsukawa, A Muai, K Kasai, A Furukawa, S Sugimoto, G Ohmi, T FujikadoNew Propects For The Study Of Ocular Dynamics Through Grids Method 372G Cattini, GP GracisThe Training Chart For Patients With Convergence Insufficiency 373M Shibuya, S Nakajima, K Tajima, A Asakura, T MoriThe Use Of A Modified Hand Perimeter In Orthoptics 374S Van Buitenen, MM Van Hermert, M Ph MouritsThe Torsionometer 375Z GoergievskiChanges In Slow Phase Of Congenital Nystagmus (CN) By Biofeedback Treatment 376A Matsuno, H Haro, Y Fuijiyama, S Aoki, K Mukuno, S IshikawaThe Newly Established Ophthalmic Rehabilitation Clinic Of The 377Hospital Of Kawasaki Medical SchoolA Tabuchi, K Yasuki, A Hasiba, C Tanaka, A Morinaga, A KikuiriSide Effects Of The Use Of Botulinum Toxin For Treatment Of Strabismus 378Z Liu

1999 Transactions of Ninth International Orthoptic Congress, Stockholm, SwedenA New Orthopotics Trend In The 21 st Century 3Sakuko FukaiLong Versus Short Term Prism Adaption In Adults 17V C Hansen, R S Freeman, C SwarbickHow Far Can We Compare Primary Microtropia And Macrotropia? 21V ParisAdaption To Torsion After Macula Translocation Surgery 25J H Seabar, S F Freedman, C TothEffectsof Eye And Neck Muscle Proprioceptive Activation On Eye 29Position And Space Localization In Normals And StrabismicsY Han, G LennerstrandAmblyopis In Sweden 35G Kvarnstrom, P Jakobsson, G LennerstrandState Of Rotterdam Amblyopia Screening Evaluation Study (RAMSES) 39V K Lantau, R E Juttman, P J Van Der Maas, J T H N De Faber, H Simonz,J Hermans, F PassModulation Of Referral Criteria For School-Aged Children 42C E Stewart, B Winn, P V McgrawPrevalence Of Adult Strabismus – A Preliminary Report 46S Brown, L Weih, C Mccarty, H TaylorAmblyopia Treatment In Later Referrals In Non-Screened Area 53A SouthgateIs There An Upper Limit For Successful Occlusion Therapy In Amblyopia 57D FriedrichAmblyopia Treatment In Microstrabismus With Eccentric Fixation 62J Van Nouhuys-LeendersAmblyopia As A Cause Of Visual Handicap In As Unscreened Population 66P Jakobsson, G Kvarnstrom, E Abrahamsson, E Bjernbrink-Hornblad, B SunnqvistNerve Fibre Layer Thickens In Unilateral Amblyopia 68M O‟hara, J Burroughs, M DirksFunctional Neuroanatomy Of Human Amblyopia 72H Richter, K Imamura, O Franzen, A Rydeberg, Y Watanbe, B Langstrom,G LennerstrandVisual Acuity As A Functional Test In Amblyopia And As A Method For 76Differential Diagnosis – 15 Years Of Experience With A Crowding Test (Landolt Rings)W Haase, B Schmal, D Verlohr, B LiedkePsychological Impact Of Occlusion Therapy In Unilateral Congenital Cataracts 80D Thouvenin, N JeanrotThe Effect Of Written Information On Parental Compliance With Occlusion Therapy 84D NewshamA Computer Based System For Acquisition, Recording And Analysis Of 913d Eye Movement SignalsJ Ygge, R Bolzani, S TianDetection Of Vertical Saccade Initiation Failure Using An OKN Projection System 95S Garbutt, C M HarrisMonocular Clues In Tests Of Stereoacuity 103J M Holmes D LeskeMargaret Fitton Lecture: Assessment Of The AC/A Ratio Using The Remote 107HaploscopeA M Horwood, P M Riddell, J E Turner, S M HoustonA Method Of Assessing Visual Performance Applicable To 111Multi-Hanidcapped ChildrenK Fitzmaurice, H MacleanPresbyopia And Strabismus: New Symptoms , Old Patients 119

C J Lyons, D T OystreckThe Effect Of Orthoptic Treatment On The Proximal Component 123Of The Near ResponseE Cornell, J Predebon, Y P VuThe Incidence Of Visual Dysfunction In Children With Reading Difficulties 127G Godts, L Smeets, P Evens, M J TassignonFindings In Congenital Fibrosis Syndrome Of The Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM) 133G Rudoplh, H D Schworm, A Golla, T Meitinger, B Lorenz, A Kampik, K P BoergenThe Significance Of Interpupillary Distance On The Strabismus In 137Craniofacial DysostosisJ W Walker, I Russell-Eggitt, N Ragge, R Hayward, B M JonesVisual Function Inchildren With Periventricular Leukomalacia 141L Jacobson, J Ygge, O Flodmark, U EkMulti –Sensory Treatment Of Nystagmus 145K Caiffreda, B TannenPseudotumor Cerebri – Eye Finding Plus 149P Jenkins, C Gunderson, J D CookOcular Motor Abnormalities Following Whiplash Injuries 153H Griffiths, J Whittle, I Whelehan, R Workfolk, J P BurkeInterpretation And Management Of Symptoms In Supranuclear Gaze Disorders 157G Roper-Hall, S M ChungAtypical Ocular Myasthenia Gravis 161J Krynen, L PolmanA Neuro-Orthoptic Approach To Multiple Sclerosis 165V TrimbleAnoise Related Blurred Vision 170J Mingle, C Flinn, M GreenScleral Implanbts – A Useful Technique In Eye Muscle Surgery 177J Blohme, G Stigmar, J Hall-Lingberg, K MoutakisCombined Rectus Muscle Resect/Recess 181E G BuckleySurgical Pleoptics 185W De Decker, E De DeckerSurgical Management Of Baglioni‟s Syndrome 190C Y Lo, T MarouExtraocular Muscle Surgery In Persisting Tonic Downgaze, 194Esotropia And Upgaze PalsyE SchulzAqueous Flare And Corneal Endothelial Cell Density As Parameters Of 196Oxygen Supply After Eye Muscle Surgery With Involvement Of 4 AndMore Ciliary ArteriesG C Gusek-Schneider, N X Nguyen, B Seitz, M KuchleReview Of The Myotoxic Effects Of Retrobulbar Anaesthetics 200B WakemanRestrictive Vertical Strabismus Following Orbital Decompression 204C W Avilla, M MazowVisual Outcome And Alignment Of Patients Presenting With Orbital Injuries 209T Eariss, F J RoweSevere Rectus Muscle Injury: Diagnosis And Management Using MRI Scanning 213A Rosenbaum, J L Demer, G ShinBenign VI Nerve Palsies In Childhood 219B Schmal, D Verlohr, E SchulzEmmetropization In Patients With Accommodative Esotropia 223T D France, L W FranceThe Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation Ratio As A Predictor To 227Control Of Fully Accommodative Esotropia Without Optical Correction

The Role Of Botulinum Toxin A In Acute Onset Esotropia 231E Dawson, W Marshmann, G G W AdamsConsecutive Exotopia Following Surgery For Partially Accommodative Esotropia 234K Arnoldi, L TychsenAsynchronous Manifestations Of Bilateral Brown‟s Syndrome 241S P Kraft, N U Nabi, M E Wilson, J D Roarty, A S BudningDiagnosis And Treatment Of Combined Oblique Eye Muscle Dysfunctions 243K P BoergenEpidemiology Of IV Nerve Palsy 247C A Gunderson, M L Mazow, C W AvillaDiscrepancy Between Measureable Excycoltropia And The Real Rotary 251Deficit Incases With Marked Bielschowsky Head Tilt PhenomenonW Happe, H MuhlendyckStudy Of Unilateral High Myopia With Or Without Heavy Eye Phenomenon 253V Dedes, P Lablette, J Y Guessant, O Devos, M P Leroy, J F RoulandPathophysiology Of Binocularity 259E C CamposDissociated And Associated Phoria: Do They Indicate Asthenopia? 264G KommerellThe Postoperative Diplopia Test And Botulinum Toxin As Predictors 271Of Post-Operative Sensory OutcomeA L Spencer, A M AnsonsProjection In Longstanding Strabismus 272M A Deacon, J K HoleCan “Worth” Be Found In The 4 Dot Test? 273D T Oystreak, C ParsonsThe Relationship Between Motion Stereopsis And Peripheral Fusion In 274Patients With EsotropiaI Matsuda, S Asonuma, C Kawabata, A Akaike, C Kumazaki, N Kunisawa,Y Takami, T FujikadoA Study Of Fusional Vergence Movements 275T N Theodorou, H J Griffiths, J P WhittleStereoacuiy After Implantation Of Different Designed Multifocal 276Intraocular LensesE Ch Schwarz, T Walkow, E WaffenschmidtM And P Pathway Anomalies In Functional Amblyopia: Effect Of 279Treatment Evaluated By Patter VEP‟s And Reaction TimeR Beneish, P Lachapelle, J Lachapelle, M MckerralThe Crowding Effect Can Be Observed In Normal Subjects And Can Be 280Improved By Pop OutT Hayakawa, S Miyauchi, M Kato, A Onishi, H Baba, K Maruhama, H MoriyasuAssessment Of Contrast Sensitivity In Children Aged 3 Years, 9months – 6 Years 281A Rydberg, Y Han, B EricsonMotion Detection Test In School Children 282R Bolzani, A Rydberg, V Belli, M E Pappalardo, J YggeFournier Analyisis Of Steady-State VEP‟s In Subjects With And Without Stereovision 283B Johansson, P JakobssonThe Effect Of The Proximity Factor And Fusional Convergence On 284Accommodation In Exophoria, Exotropia And Orthophoric SubjectsY Sugiyama, C Oki, K Tsuchiya, H Ishikawa, S IshikawaFunctional Neuroanatomy Of The Human Accommodative/Vergence System 285H RichterThreshold Sensitivity Of Strabismus Detection: A Pilot Study 289M A Deacon, C LeachObjective Measures Of Accommodation When Testing Binocular 290Visual Acuity Of Fully Accommodative Esotropes Without Refractive Correction

A Y FirthAssessment Of Near Triad In Accommodative Esotropia 291N Shoji, A Aoki, Y Fujiyama, T Niida, K Mukuno, H IshikawaDecompensation Of Convergence Excess Esotropia In Adulthood 292L Pankethman, J Hole, M A DeaconMuscle Sequelae In Acquired VI Nerve Palsy 293L GarnhamBotulinum Toxin As Pre-Surgical Treatment For Abducens Nerve Palsy 294Y Nemoto, H Kaneko, K Nishide, T Hayashi, T MaruoLong Term Postoperative Stability In Infantile Esotropia 295F J RoweOcular Deviation And Binocular Vision Of Infantile Esotropia Treated 296With Combined Use Of Surgical Undercorrection And Post-Operative PrismsM Shioya, K Minamimura, Y Fukuoka, U Shinjo, A SawadaEarly Surgery For Infantile Esotropia 297H Shirabe, Y Mori, M Dogru, M YamamotoSpontaneous Change Of Ocular Deviation In Infantile Esotropia 298M Nakagawa, T Maruo, N Kubota, T Hayashi, N Ikuta, Y ArimaSpontaneous Consecutive Esotropia 299J K Hole, L Pankethman, R DoranRisk Factors Of Consecutive Exotropia 300A Svede, I Hercoga, S ValeinaLong-Term Effectiveness Of Surgery For Exotropia 301M Mitta, S Oda, K Sasamoto, A InatomiIt The Treatment Of Brown‟s Syndrome With Local Steroids Justified? 305R Wilson, I MarshClinical Characteristics Of Class III Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy 306M Sato, M Maeda, T Ohmura, Y MiyazakiEstimation Of Range Of Motility Of Straight And Oblique Muscles In 307Persons Without SquintL Puchalska-NiedbalIsolated Idiopathic Inferior Rectus Palsy 308J WhiteVertical Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome 309A Cook, I B Margh, M DoyleThe Stroke Patient And Common Orthoptic Problems 313B Neikter, P KleinOcular Status Of A VDU (Visual Display Unit) Population 314J MehtaOphthalmic Manifestations Of Crotalide Envenomations In The United States 315G Denslow, A MccarthyDoctors Delay In Retinoblastoma? 316L Polman, A C Moll, S M ImhofPseudostrabismus Associated With Retinopathy Or Prematurity 317L Gannon, C Moen, D ClarkIncidence Of Strabismus Associated With Retinopathy Of Prematurity 318A O‟connor, A R Fielder, T J Stephenson , M Ball, K FieldingA Longitudinal Study Of Premature Infants With Stage 3 Retinopathy Of 319Prematurity (ROP): Ortoptic And Refractive Outcomes At 6 And 36 Months(Corrected Age)D Clark, R Wilson, L Gannon, F PennieAtypical Fixation Due To Submacular Disciform Neovascular Membrane With 320Virteous HaemorrhageF J RoweRotated Fowea With Good Vision And Binocularity Infamilial Exudative 321Vitreoretinopathy

N Nozaki, S Akaike, S Ogooonuki, S Nishina, N Azuma, K TomitaSporadic Aniridia In A Girl, Congenital Cataract With Nystagmus In Her 322Maternal Grand-Uncle, And Idiopathic Nystagmus In The Grand-Uncles Son: Three DifferentDiagnoses Or One Entity With Variable ExpressivityH Link, E Gampe, S Kern, B LorenzDiagnositic And Therapeutic Aspects Of Sensory Defect Nystagmus 323E Gampe, H Link, M Andrassi, C Girth, B LorenzStrabismus Associated With Congenital Cataract 324G Simonsson, U Kugelberg, A LundvallEye Movements During The Decoding Process 327V RawsthorneThe Impact Of Orthoptic Treatment On Reading And Spelling Performance 328J Wulff, N Jolly, E Cornell, R Heard, N Anton, M AustinReading Difficulties In Patients With Right Hemianopia And Their 329Rehabilitation (Contrasting The Distributed Brain Systems Involved InReading Single Words And Text In Norma And Alexic Subjects)B Unwin, A P Leff, S Scott, H Crewes, D Howard, R J S WiseDiagnosis And Treatment In Patients With Asthenopic Symptoms 330B Neikter, B Eriksson-DerouetThe Amblyogram: A Dynamic Approach To Amblyopia And Its Treatments 333D Thouvenin, B Gajan, M NardinParental Compliance With Occlusion Therapy 334D NewshamTreatment Compliance In Amblyopia Patching 335H J Simonsz, J R Polling, R Voorn, J Van Leeuwen, H Meester, K RomeijnThe Exploration Of Parents Perception And Experiences Of Caring For A Child 336Who Has Undergone Cataract ExtractionJ K ClarkeEccentric Fixation As A Problem In The Treatment Of Amblyopia 337A Kedeva-PetrovaPleoptic Treatment For Anisometropic Associated With Unilateral Congenital 338AnomaliesT Kojima, R Yamamoto, N Hashimoto, H Wada, F Takahashi, H IshigookaStudies On Fixation Using The Image Diagnosis Method 339H Yoshida, S Fukai, M Morita, S UchidaStudies On Fixation Difficulty At Near Vision 340N Hoshihara-Fukuda, A Tabuchi, S FukaiAxial Length Of The Eye In Anisohypermetropic Amblyopia 341C Usui, T Maruo, N Kubota, T Hayashi, Y Misaizu, K NagaiCan The Animal Model Of Visual Deprivation Amblyopia And Myopia 342After Lid Closure Be Established In Human Congenital PtosisG Ch Gusek-Schneider, P MartusA “Lost Muscle”, A “Lost Case”? 345M Swart-Vb D, E Berg, T TijssenWhich Patients Require Adjustable Sutures? 346L B MarshLate Results Of Subjective And Objective Cyclorotary Changes Following 347Surgery Of The Oblique MusclesH D Schworm, P Sauter, O Ehrt, G Rudoplh, K BoergenThe World In Extorsion: What To Do About It? Horizontal Transposition 348Of The Inferior Rectus Muscles For ExocyclotropiaM A G Bouten-Wijnhoven, G Cinque, J T H N De Faber, C Kingma-WilschutThe Physiological Impact Of “Cosmetic” Strabismus In Adults 349S Brannen, G Vinten, J Vinten, M Doyle,G Baker, I MarshOrthoptists And European Citizenship 353M Louly, M Van Lammeren

Orthoptics In Norway 354E M Olsen, K W TangentOrthoptics In The Netherlands Under The New Health Law 355I R Vleeming-De JongOrthoptics Without Ophthalmology? 356B De Vries, N M Jansonius, T B Kerkhof, J R W Pott, M F L Versteegh, R H J WijdhA New Model For The Evaluation And Management Of Strabismus, 357Amblyopia And Refractive Errors In ChildrenG Schalit, J Howell, S Tansley, G G W Adams, A McintyrePost-Graduate Educationfor Orthoptists Absed On Sensory Sciences 358S Fukai, N Hoshihara-Fukada, Y Uchikawa, M Sumitani, T Nagahara, H Baba,H Kimura, S Awaya, A TabuchiSpecial Prism Glasses As A Meaningful Benefit To Patients With A Progressive 361Supranuclear PalsyM M C Weel, H L M StamThe Application Of Cut Off Glasses 362G Schwerdtfeger, K Weinand, M GrafA New Method For Evaluating The Effect Of Orthoptic Treatment 363A Wakayama, K Ohmure, F Matsumoto, T Tanimoto, T Kusube, T OtoriOur Method For Maintaining Exophoria In The Treatment Of Intermittent Exotropia 364F Matsumoto, A Wakayama, K Ohmure, K Tanoue, T OtoriEffects Of Acupuncture On Congenital Nystagmus – A Longterm Follow Up Study 365Y Fujiyama, H Ozawa, S IshikawaThai Ophthalmologists Opinion And Practise On Low Vision 369S KongsangchaiThe Fundamental Points Of A Scientific Method Of Evaluation And 370Rehabilitation For Low Vision PeopleC Dauxerre, C CorbeCan Patients With Glaucoma And Intracranial Diseases Recognize 371Their Visual Field Loss?T Hirai, T Omura, M Sato, K TsuzukiIntroduction Of Monocular And Binocular Visual Functions Ion Myopic Patients 375Submitted To Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)V Kortas Pires De CamargoAnomalous Head Posture Related To Uncorrected Refractive Error 377X Gao, L Ma, G Xu, D ZhangEmmetropization In Eyes With Uniocular Congenital Glaucoma 378C Moore, A V DrackChanges In Myopic Refraction During Childhood And Prediction Of Amblyopia 379And SquintC StolovitchA Comparison Between 3 Metres And 6 Metre Tests. Does This Alter The Diagnosis? 383C Lewis, A McintyreThe Reliability Of The 15 Base In Prism Test With Orthotropic Patients And With 384MicrostrabismusW G Van Den Berg-Den Bok, M MuyskensComparison Of Non Verbal / Preschool Visual Acuity Tests: 385Cardiff Test, Lea Hyvaerinen – Test (LH Test) And H Test (Kolt)B Christiani, B Schmal, W HaaseThe Development Of Visual Acuity Measured With The Preferential 386Looking Method (Teller Acuity Cards)C Schoffler, Y Renkin, E Schulz, W HaaseNew Lens Designed For Measuring Refraction And Ocular Deviation In Infants 387C Y Lo, T MaruoA New Model Of Hess Coordimeter Employing Haed Mounted Display 388K Miyazaki, Y Nishida, T Murata, O Hayshi, M Noguchi, K Kani

A New Adaptionof The Electric Hess Test 389H Webb, C Hogg, J LeeEvaluation Of Static Ocular Countertorsion In Normal Subjects Using A 390Handheld Automated Keratometer: Implications For The BielschowskyHead Tilt TestC PalmerDetection Of Slightly Slowing Saccade Using Electrooculogram 391K Kamigaki, T Niida, K Mukuno, T Yamada, S IshikawaAn Enhancement Study Of Extraocular Muscles Using MRI 393O Hayashi, Y Nishida, T Murata, Y Aoki, M Kimura, K Kani

2004 Transactions of Tenth International Orthoptic Congress, Melbourne, AustraliaCD ROM transactionsBurian LectureFactors Contributing to the Outcome of Sensory Testing in Patients with AnomalousBinocular CorrespondenceKyle ArnoldiSteady-State Sweep VEP Acuity in Childhood Amblyopia: A Longitudinal ProspectiveTreatment StudyArvind Chandna, S.I.Chen, A.M.Norcia, D.StoneSnellen, Sheridan Gardiner and Lea Symbols Acuity: A Comparative StudyArvind Chandna, J. Senior, L.BellRecovery of Contour Integration Thresholds in Relation to Logmar Visual Acuity duringTreatment of Amblyopia in ChildrenArvind Chandna, A.M.NorciaA National Survey of the Use and Range of Written Guidance for Occlusion in the Treatmentof AmblyopiaSue ElliottAmblyopia: 'Is there more to Amblyopia Treatment than Meets the Eye?'Sahira Hanif, C. NoonanThe Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Amblyopia and its TreatmentKonstandina Koklanis, L.Abel, R.Aroni, J.E.ElderAtropine Occlusion-How Long Does it Take for Fixation to Swap?Rowena McNamara, P.RiceFactors Predicting Non-Compliance with Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia: Results from theElectronic Recording of Patching for Amblyopia Study (ERPAG)E.van Minderhout, S.E.Loudon, B.Simonsz, M.V.Joose, M.Fronius, M.Awan, D.Newsham,R.A.Harrad, H.J.SimonszInventory of 404 Orthoptists Simultaneously Prescribing Occlusion Therapy for Five SampleAmblyopic CasesJanine Monique Van Zon, R.Delle Site, S.E.Loudon, J.R. Polling, B.Simonsz, H.J.SimonszEvaluation of Reading Using Mnread-Jk with Normal Children and AnisometropicAmblyopia ChildrenKazuyo Ohmure, Fumiko Matsumoto, Akemi Wakayama, Kiyo Ohmura, Toru Kusube,Kosuke Abe, Masayo Kinoshita, Yoshikazu ShimomuraII. Electronic Recording of Patching for Amblyopia Study (ERPAG): Can Compliance beImproved?Brigitte Simonsz, S.E.Loudon, M.V.Joosse, M.Fronius, M.Awan, D.Newsham, R.A.Harrad,H.J.SimonszLongterm Outcome of Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia in a Historic CohortBrigitte Simonsz, H.Van Kempen, E.S.van de Graaf, G.W. van der Sterre, H.J. SimonszSpatial and Temporal Distortions in Strabismic AmblyopiaRuxandra Sireteanu, C.Baumer, C,Sarbu, S.TsujimuraAn Electrophysiological Study of Magnocellular and Parvocellular Visual Function in Earlyand Late Onset Strabismic AmblyopiaJohn Sloper, A.Davis, M.Neveu, C.Hogg, M.Morgan, G.HolderOptimisation of the Dose-Response of Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia: The ROTAS StudyCatherine Stewart, M.J.Moseley, D.A.Stephens, A.R.FielderTreatment Dose-Response for Amblyopia: Results from the MOTAS StudyCatherine Stewart, Merrick Moseley, David Stephens, Alistair Fielder (on behalf of theMOTAS Cooperative)Evaluation of Diagnostic Usefulness of the Simultaneous Foveal Perception Test inAssessment of Anisometropic AmblyopiaSachiko Takamura, K.MatsudaTreatment of Amblyopia in Japan

Chie Usui, T.Hayashi, M.Minoda, S.KawanoRange of Accommodation and Binocular Vision after Refractive SurgeryJeroen Claeys, D.Godts, R.Trau, M.J.TassignoAssessing the Dominant Eye - A New Method to Determine Sensory Dominance duringBinocular VisionElaine Cornell, C.Emmanouilidis, N.MossDoes Dissociation Reduce Stereoacuity?Helen Davis, Michelle Tewkesbury, Jonathan Dominic, John P Frisby, David BuckleyDoes Stereoacuity Correlate with Interpupillary Distance for Normal Observers? –John P.Frisby, Emma Patchick, Rebekah Edgar, Helen DavisAssessment of Sensory Ocular DominanceJunko Fujita, Takahiro Niida, Kazuo MukunoThe Age-Related Decline in Stereopsis as Measured by Different StereotestsLouise Garnham, J.SloperA Clinical Quantitative Measurement of Ocular DominanceTomoya Handa, Hiroshi Uozato, Kazuo Mukuno, Takahiro Niida, Nobuyuki Shoji, RisakoHiga, Marie Nitta, Kimiya ShimizuCan Stereo Tests be an Indicator of Decreased Visual Acuity?Toshie Hirai, Keisuke Takahashi, Yoshikatsu Kawase, Muneko Tanabe, Norio OhbaStereoacuity Following Unilateral and Bilateral Cataract ExtractionRebekah LawryMeasurement and Improvement of Visual Skills in Young AdultsYoshie Morita, Akiko Toshimitsu, Mitsuko Shima, Maureen PowersDiagnosis and Treatment in Patients with Asthenopic Symptoms Due to ExophoriaBirgitta Neikter, Brigitte Eriksson-DerouetMonovision by Implanted Intraocular LensesMarie Nitta, Takahiro Niida, Risako Higa, Kimiya ShimizuThe Effect of Simulated Torsional Disparity on Horizontal Fusional Vergence and Stereopsisin Normal SubjectsMichael Sleep, Z.GeorgievskiStrabismus In Childhood: Unilateral Cataracts Function Of Age At Surgery (About 75 Cases).Dominique Thouvenin, C.Lesage, S.Nogue, L.Fontes, O.Norbert, J.L.ArneThe Use of a Computerised System for the Study of Binocular Vision: First ExperiencesJoy White, Hector Rojas-Anaya, L.RipleyDisruption of Binocular Vision following Cataract SurgeryJoy WhiteThe Influence of Vestibular Eye Movements on the Precision of Vergence Eye Movementsduring Head TiltElaine Cornell, J.Predebon, I.CurthoysBinocular Co-Ordination of Saccades in Children Born PretermDavid Newsham, Paul Knox, Richard CookeA Study to Investigate the Effect of a Moving Background on the Accuracy and Latency ofSaccadesJoanna Tarbox, Jon WhittleFixation Behaviour and Stability in Normal ChildrenJan Ygge, E.Aring, Y.Han, R.BolzaniA Survey of Quality of Life in Patients with Age Related Macular DegenerationJill Carlton, G .Phippen, C.Czoski Murray, J.E.Brazier, C.Brand, L.A.HughesOrthoptic Intervention for Children with Multiple Disabilities. Does it make a Difference?Rachel Elliott, Heather CrossmanEffectiveness of Gradient Absorptive LensesHiromi Hayashi, Marie Miwa, Kazuko Kanno, Kenji YanashimaUnderstanding Children with CVILea HyvarinenChanges to Paediatric Referral Patterns to Royal Blind Society Over 10 yearsMarion Rivers

Eccentric Viewing Training - Comparing Situation and Success in Kenya and GermanyPetra VerweyenThe Prevalence of Charles Bonnet Syndrome in Persons with Low VisionMeri Vukicevic, Kerry FitzmauriceA Comparison of Rehabilitation Strategies Used to Ameliorate the Impact of Centre FieldLoss:Preliminary ResultsMeri Vukicevic, Kerry Fitzmaurice, Larry AbelAssessment of Optic Nerve Compression in Cases of Thyroid Eye DiseaseHilary Boyce, N.R.A.Parry, J.L.NobleFollow-Up at Age 12-14 Years of Visual and Oculomotor Function in Children with SpinaBifida Cystica and Arnold Chiari MalformationElizabeth Caines, Margareta Dahl, Gerd HolmstromAn Investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Stroke- Related Visual Field DefectsPaula Callaghan, Claire Copeland, Brendan Martin, Brigitte YipVisual Characteristics of Community Returning Stroke SurvivorsIan Cunningham, Paul Knox, Fiona Rowe, Tony Fisher, Cathy JackThe Incidence of Superior Oblique Weakness following Foramen Ovale Wiring for TemporalLobe Epilepsy. A Prospective Study.Melanie Doyle, Ian Marsh, David SmithThe Orthoptist‟s Contribution on a Stroke Rehabilitation WardFanny FreemanThe Varied Understandings and Experiences of Congenital NystagmusAdrienne Hall, Larry AbelThe Heimann-Bielschowsky Phenomenon: An Acquired Unilateral Vertical NystagmusFollowing Severe Monocular Visual Loss.Gemma Hocking, R.V.AbadiOrthoptic Problems following StrokeRachel McKayOcular Motility and Alignment Abnormalities in Horizontal Gaze Palsy and ProgressiveScoliosis (HGPPS)Darren Oystreck, T.Bosley, M.Salih, T.Kansu, J.JenEye Movement Disorders Associated with Intracranial ShuntsGill Roper-Hall, S.M.Chung, O.A.CruzVisual Function and Ocular Motility Consequences of Lumbar-Peritoneal ShuntComplications Fiona RoweWith the Rule Astigmatism in Congenital Horizontal Jerky Nystagmus - A Prospective StudyUpali Seekkubadu, R.M.McNamaraCorrelation of MRI Findings with the Visual and Perception Performance of Children BornPre-TermChris Timms, B.Vollmer, F.Vargha-KhademA New Visual Field Screening Test (Suzuki's Eye Check Chart)Reiko Higashi, Taketoshi Suzuki, Takayuki ObaEvaluation of Visual Perception Using Pattern VEP - Horizontal/Vertical Fresnel PrismsNoriko Hoshihara-Fukuda, Sakuko Fukai, Misa Tanabe, Miyuki FuruyamaAge-Related Changes in Wavefront Aberrations of the Human EyesMisae Ito, Daisuke Aizawa, Yoshihiko Iida, Takashi Yano, Sachiko Sekiguchi, NobuyukiShoji, Hiroshi Uozato, Kimiya ShimizuEffect of Pupil Size on Binocular and Monocular Visual FunctionsTakushi Kawamorita, Hiroshi UozatoA Simultaneous Record of Triad of Near Reflex with a New DeviceTakayuki Oba, R.Higashi, Taketoshi SuzukiDevelopment of a Treatment Method in Which Recovery in Contractility of Iris SphincterMuscle is Achieved in a Short Duration after Administration of Tropicamide, a MydriaticAgent used for FunduscopyMayumi Okano, Y.Uchikawa, R.Yamamoto

Visual Acuity Thresholds with Retinal Eccentricity: Evaluation of Four Paediatric AcuityTestsGary Price, Tejpal Shergil, Arvind ChandnaIs Reading Distance a Function of Reading Material Size?Luke Skilbeck, Catherine DevereuxPaediatric Contact Lenses - Further Expansion of the Role of the OrthoptistClare DewsberySensory and Motor Outcomes with Infantile CataractJoanne Forster, R.V.Abadi, I.C.LloydRefractive Changes and Ocular Axial Length Growth Associated with Aphakia in Patientswith Unilateral Congenital CataractsBirgit Griffiths, E.SchulzCycloplegics in the Paediatric Setting: A Comparison between Cyclopentolate andHomatropine Konstandina Koklanis, S.Staffieri, J.E.ElderDoes Refractive Correction Impede Emmetropisation?Sarah Richardson, Helen Haggerty, Susan Hrisos, Nicholas Strong, Michael ClarkeEvaluation of ROP - Incidence over a 25-Year Period in One Neonatal UnitEbba Schwarz, Kathleen Kunert, Beate Ruppert, Roland WauerRetinoblastoma and the OrthoptistSarah TurnerA Multidisciplinary and Shared Care Approach to RetinoblastomaSarah Turner, Maureen McCallaOcular Abnormalities in Deaf ChildrenBronia Unwin, Joanna Lawson, Nigel DaviesCauses of Visual Loss in the Craniosynostoses: An Overview of 30 Years‟ ExperienceJane Walker, R.Hayward, A.Liasis, B.Walters, S.Mohammed, D.Dunaway, K.K.NischalOcular Findings in Unicoronal SynostosisBronwen Walters, Shafquet Mohamed, Alki Liasis, Ken NischalAn Overview of Orthoptic Research in the 21st Century - Scientific Committee of theInternational Orthoptic Association (IOA)An "Online" Discussion Forum to Support Orthoptic Clinical EducationCatherine Devereux, Zoran Georgievski, Linda SantamariaVerbal Skill of Orthoptists in Clinical Practice in NSW Public HospitalsNeryla Jolly, H.Metlej, R.HeardThe Development and Diversity of the Role of the Orthoptist of the St. John Eye Hospital inJerusalemJudith Musallam, Jane TapleyStudents Teaching Students Refraction. Is There a Role for Peer Mentoring in the Educationof Orthoptic Students?Jean Pollock, Zoran Georgievski, Catherine DevereuxUsing Online Discussion Groups to Enhance the Learning Outcomes of UndergraduateOrthoptic Students. What have we Learnt?Sue Silveira, Helen Wozniak, Robert HeardThe Current Education of Orthoptists in Japan, Evaluation Method on Clinical PracticeYoshikazu Uchikawa, M.Okano, K.Yoshihiro, M.Takaki, S.Uchida, S.FukaiAn Audit of Shared Care Practice for Paediatric Referrals in an Inner City OrthopticDepartment Rosemary Andrews, Marie Cleary, Hannah Stewart, Dawn Buchan, GordonDuttonComparison of the LogMAR, Cardiff and Lea Visual Acuity Tests in ChildrenAnju ChandnaPreschool Photoscreening: Results from 100,000 Screened ChildrenSean DonahueReliability of Visual Acuity Measurements in Vision ScreeningLea HyvarinenMesopic Vision Assessment in the Senior DriverNeryla Jolly, J.Major, S.Blanchette

Driver Confidence: The Impact of Age Related Cataracts on the Appreciation of Visual Cuesin the Driving SituationNeryla Jolly, P.Narayan, R.HeardRotterdam Amblyopia Screening Effectiveness Study (RAMSES): A Follow-Up StudyV.Kathleen Lantau, J.H. GroenewouldPseudostrabismus?Cindy Pritchard, G.S.Ellis Jr.Evidence Based Orthoptics: The Importance of Systematic ReviewsSarah Richardson, S.ElliottA Prospective Study of Asthenopia in School Children Orthoptic and OphthalmologicalEvaluation and Effect of TreatmentSaber Samuel Abdi, Agneta RydbergThe Roles of Orthoptists in Vision-Check Program for Infants in JapanMikiko Tsunekawa, Keiko Nakamura, Hiroko Tanji, Kayoko NemotoRisk of Bilateral Visual Impairment in Subjects with Untreated Amblyopia: A Population-Based Prospective StudyMarleen Vermeulen-Jongen, R.van Leeuwen, M.Eijkemans, H.SimonszPhotoscreening Survey for Amblyogenic Factors in Preschool Saudi ChildrenKeith Wilken, Abdulaziz Awad, Ali Al-Rajhi, Abdullah Al-Dearbey, Shahira Al-Turkmani,Amna Fallata, Ali Al-HazmiBinocular Single Vision in Surgically Treated Primary Constant ExotropiaA.L.Ansons, A.M.AnsonsA High Frequency of Abnormal Orthoptic Findings in Children Adopted from Eastern EuropeEva Aring, Marita Andersson Gronlund, Ann HellstromThe Effect of Refractive Surgery on the Angle of Deviation in the Strabismic PatientCarolyn CalcuttIntermittent Exotropia is not Always a Progessive ConditionMichael Clarke, S.Richardson, H.Haggerty, S.Hrisos, N.StrongThe Natural History of X(T) RevisitedStephanie Dotchin, Kenneth Romanchuk, Jocelyn ZurevinskyA Systematic Review of Interventions for Infantile EsotropiaSue Elliott, A.ShafiqEffect of Refractive Surgery on Binocular Vision and Ocular Alignment in Patients withManifest or Intermittent StrabismusDaisy Godts, J.Claeys, M.J.TassignonGenetic Influence on Strabismus and Stereopsis in Children: The Twins Eye Study TasmaniaLisa Kearns, S.Brown, J.MacKinnon, J.Poulsen, C.Hammond, L.Scotter, D.MackeyNew-Onset Childhood Accommodative Esotropia after Monocular PatchingArif KhanReplacing the 6 Metre Test Distance with 3 Metre for Prism Cover Test MeasurementRowena McNamaraLongitudinal Evaluation of Control in Intermittent ExotropiaBrian Mohney, J.HolmesThe Objective Assessment of Ocular Cyclo Torsion Using Digital Fundus ImagingA.L.Ansons, A.M.AnsonsMaking Sense of StrabismusArvind ChandnaOcular Motility Problems following Treatment for Uveal Malignant MelanomaEmma Dawson, John P.LeeAetiology and Prognosis of Sixth Nerve PalsiesHelen Davis , Lindsey HughesDiplopia after Cataract Surgery: A Review of 150 CasesChristopher Lyons, H.Nayak, D.Oystreck, R.ClineSudden Onset Vertical Diplopia Due to Silent Sinus SyndromeClaire MacIntosh, C.Riddell, S.OaklandDoes the Position of the Extraocular Muscle Pulleys Dictate Ocular Alignment?

Wendy Marshman, L.Kowal, S.O'LearyMarcus Gunn Jaw Winking Ptosis following Acquired Total Right 3rd Nerve PalsyAnn McIntyre, John P.LeeTilt and Ocular Motility Measures following Macular Relocation and Counter-RotationSurgery Jignasa Mehta, David Wong, Judith Wylie, Jane YoungA Review of Cases of Duane‟s Retraction Syndrome Presenting to St John Eye HospitalJ.Musallam, Jane Tapley, M.Ishaq, H.RishmawiComparison of Measurements Obtained From the Lees Screen, Synoptophore and HarmsWallJean Voller, Gemma Bates, Lesley Fowell, Gemma Gardner, Joanne Horridge, Diane Oliver,Lucille WhalleyThe Role of Botulinum in StrabismusS. Anderson, A. Chandna, S. Chen, J. Young, G. PriceSurgical Management for Large Vertical Deviations in Thyroid Eye DiseaseAlec AnsonsClinical Application of 3D Interactive Software for Planning Strabismus SurgeriesMichael Buchberger, T.Kaltofen, S.PriglingerDoes Botulinum Toxin have a Role in the Treatment of Secondary Strabismus?Emma Dawson, A.Sainani, J.LeeTwo-Muscle Horizontal Rectus Muscle Surgery with Simultaneous Botulinum ToxinInjections in the Treatment of Large-Angle EsotropiaArif KhanFibrin Glue for Closing Conjunctival Wounds in Strabismus SurgeryThomas KrzizokPeribulbar versus Sub-Tenonal Anesthesia in Strabismis SurgeryLena LindbergEvaluation of Patient Information for Adjustable Suture Strabismus SurgeryBernadette McCarrySurgical Treatment in Patients with Asthenopia due to ExophoriaBirgitta Neikter, Brigitte Eriksson-Derouet, Gunnar LennerstrandMultiple Surgeries for Thyroid Strabismus: The Nature of the ProblemLuis H. Ospina, C.J.Lyons, A.Quan, D.Oystreck, J.RootmanThe Effect of Strabismus Surgery in Relation to the Preoperative Angle of StrabismusJ.R. Polling, S. Schutte, S.P.W. van den Bedem, H.J. SimonszUnilateral Four-Muscle Surgery for Exotropia: Further ExperienceEdward L. RaabUse of Botulinum Toxin in Pre-Adolescent ChildrenFiona Rowe, Carmel Noonan, Harish NayakBotox, Post Operative Diplopia PredictionRobyn Wallace, B.HaynesA Review of Two Surgical Procedures for Eso-Hypotropia Associated with High MyopiaHilary Webb, J.P.LeeChildhood Blindness: A Global OverviewMarilyn MillerThe Role of the Orthoptist in Eye Health Care Delivery in Developing CountriesKatherine FrayChildhood Cataracts: Epidemiology and Genetic ConsiderationsDarren OystreckPedeatric Cataracts: State of the Art; State in Developing CountriesStephen ChristiansenCongenital Glaucoma: Epidemiology and Genetic Aspects in Saudi Arabia and Other Parts ofthe WorldMarianne MottierChildhood Glaucoma: State of the Art; State in Developing CountriesEdward RaabRetinoblastoma: Epidemiology and Genetic Considerations

Bruce FurrRetinoblastoma: State of the Art; State in Developing CountriesA. Linn MurphreeORBIS Cyber Sight TelemedicineEugene HelvestonISA Symposium - Update on Chemical (or Pharmacological) Treatment for StrabismusNew Injectable Agents for Management of StrabismusStephen ChristiansenCurrent Usage of Botulinum Toxin AJohn LeeChemodenervation, How It Works and How Its Use Has Developed to the Present Day. Valueof Other Botulinum Toxins for StrabismusAlan ScottCritical Appraisal of the Evidence in Favour (or not...!) of Vision Screening in ChildrenProf G Robert LaRoche (Canada) Dr G Gole (Australia), Dr Sean Donohue (USA), DrMichael Clark (UK), Dr Harry De Koning (The Netherlands)

2008 Transactions 11 th International Orthoptic Congress. Antwerp, BelgiumThe Influence of the Vergence System on Strabismus Diagnosis and Management 12ROPER-HALL GWhat about the Superior Oblique Muscle? 23VAN WIJNEN -SEGEREN IJVision screening in Pennsylvania Dutch Country, how accurate is the PlusOptix? 26SILBER T DI, MATTA N S, SINGMAN ELTreatment of functional amblyopia: less and shorter use of occlusion under 30Gracis Biprism controlPAR IS VFactors affecting development of motor skills in EL BW children 34O‟CONNOR AR , BIRCH E , SPENCERVisual functions in children with hydrocephalus 39STRA MRO D, VAN BUITENEN S, BOCKHOLTS D, WITTEBOL -POST DPlasticity of the visual system in cerebral palsy 42VAN DERL INDEN D, PORO G, WITTEBOL -POST D, VAN IEUWEN HUIZENOVisual and ocular motor function in school-children with spastic hemiplegia 46JACOBSON L, KITS A, RYDBERG AChildren with multiple visual impairments; the role of the orthoptist 50VERBUNT-BRATTINGA HJM, L IJNDER S, KUNEN HEJPredictability of strabismus surgery in children with developmental delays and/or 54psychomotoric disorders compared to normally developed childrenLANGEN HORSTAEL, VAN R IJN L J, KRIJNEN JSM, BAKEL SAJ, JANSEN SMA novel experimental method for measuring vergence and accommodation 58responses to the main near visual cues in typical and atypical groupsHOR WOOD A M, RIDDEL PMVisual outcome and binocular vision after “bag-in-the-lens” paediatric cataract surgery 62GODTS D, DE VEUSTER I, GOBIN L, TASSIGNON MJVisual perceptual consequences of stroke 66ROWE FJDose-effect in patients with intermittent exotropia: a retrospective study 70BESSELINK YC, MERCKEL CF, LANTAU VKSEE++ - A Software System for Simulating Strabismus Surgeries and 74Interactive Eye Motility DiagnosisKALTOFEN T, BUCHBERGER M, PRIGLINGER SStrabismus sursoadductorius congenital and acquired IVth nerve palsy – 79differential diagnosis and treatment optionsGRIFFITHS B, VERLOHR DLarge recessions for nystagmus 85LADENVALL GConfirmation of the strabismus susceptibility locus, STBMS1 88RICE A, NSENGIMANA J, SIMMONS IG, TOOMES C, HOOLE J, WILLOUGHBY C,CASSIDY F, WILLIAMS G, GEORGE N, SHERIDAN E, YOUNG T, HUNTER T,BARRETT B, ELLIOT D, BISHOP D, INGLEHEARN CAn alternative approach to acquired primary esodeviations with fi xation-linked 90variability of deviationDIELTIENS M, DE CLIPPELEIR L, VAN LAMMEREN M, BAEKELAND L,JANSSENS H, BEELEN LNeuromyotonia of the abducens nerve after pituitary fossa irradiation 95MAINO AP, HEWITT G, MARSH IBCannabis abuse and eye muscle palsies 98VAN WAVEREN MResults in 100 patients with convergence insufficiency in Chili 100ZUMARAN COutcomes of non-surgical treatment of Intermittent Exotropia 104

POWELL CJ, BUCK D, CUMBERLAND P, DAVIS H, DAWSON E, JUGNOO R,SLOPER J, STRONG NP, TIFFIN P, CLARKE MPVergence adaptation in intermittent distance exotropia 108ROWE FJ, STEPHENSON G, NOONAN CPA comparison of variability in standard and modified SITA visual fields in stable 112glaucoma patientsMURRAY C, KNOX PC, FISHER AC, BATTERBURY M, YOUNG J,Measurement of Visual Acuity using the Landolt-C-chart and the Tumbling-E chart 116in 5-8-Year Old Children: A Comparison StudyGUTTER MDoes ANN have the answer? 120MITCHELL M, CHANDNA A, CUNNINGHAM I, FISHER TProsthetic rehabilitation in paediatric ophthalmology:the role of the orthoptist 124DI QUARTO FThalidomide - a Cause of Diplopia? 128WELLS REImpact of Amblyopia on Eccentric Viewing Training 130FITZMAURICE K, KOLIC M, VUKICEVIC MWhat determines the choice of a PRL? 134COECKELBERGH TCOrthoptic assessment of the bi(n)ocular situation after macular translocation 138JANSSENS HMJ, VAN LAMMEREN M, BAEKELAND LMA, BEELEN L,DE CLIPPELEIR L, DIELTIENS MVideo presentation of a new surgical approach for compensatory extra-ocular 142muscle surgery after macular translocationDE CLIPPELEIR L, DIELTIENS MNon-adjustable strabismus surgery for vertical deviations in thyroid-associated 147orbitopathyEVENS PA, GODTS DJMComplications of botulinum toxin A and their adverse effects 150ROWE FJ, NOONAN CPField of Single Binocular Vision, using the Matta Map (modification of the 155Lancaster Test) in Lancaster Pennsylvania USAMATTA NS, SINGMAN EL, CHRISTOFF A, SILBERT DIEvaluation of sensory dominance using binocular rivalry as related to ocular deviations 158ITO M, NIIDA T, HANDA T, ISHIKAWA H, SHOJI N, SHIMIZU KComparison of tonic and phasic measures of motor fusion 162O‟CONNOR AR, STEPHENSON GWhat is the missing link in Horror Fusionis? 166RIJNEVELD MC, TRIEMSTRA W, DE FABER JTHNSuppression Density Assessment as a Predictor of Intractable Diplopia resulting 170from Treatment for Strabismic AmblyopiaPRICE AJ, AULD RJA Prospective Audit of Orthoptic Referrals from Eye Accident and Emergency Service 174KLEIN G, CLEARY M, WEIR CRAdjustable sutures for squint surgery- a patient perspective 178WHITE JES, KHANDWALA M, KING L, VICKERS S, DOYLE ETrifocals with a different prismatic correction in each segment 182BEELEN L, VAN LAMMEREN MDuane Vertical Retraction Syndrome 186MUSALLAM J, MERIN SC, RISHMAWI HSixth Nerve Paresis Secondary to High Altitude Illness 191McCARTHY AG, DENSLOW GTThe role of an orthoptist involved in international clinical research trials in 194Australia and at Marsden Eye SpecialistsGIRIBALDI M

Cerebral visual impairment due to periventricular leucomalacia – a multidisciplinary 199team approachHREINSDOTTIR J, STRÖMBERG B, PERSSON E, BROSTRÖM A, HOLMSTRÖM GA case study of Development Aid by Orthoptist - Health Education Program in 202School in BelizeKANEKO SDevelopment of a secondary Orthoptic Outreach service in a politically unstable region 206WESTMAN SM, TAPLEY JVHow necessary are Orthoptic Assistants in a developing country? 210MUSALLAM J, TAPLEY JVVision Screening in Flanders – Belgium 214LA GRANGE N, VAN LAMMEREN MVision screening in Wallonia – Belgium 218LA GRANGE N, VAN LAMMEREN MComputer stereo program applied in amblyopia treatment 223BOYCHUK IM, SOLOVIEVA LNDecompensation of microstrabismus after occlusion therapy 226RIJPMA KH, OLIE L, POTT JWRBenign Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze of Childhood. Is it indeed benign? 230VAN DER DOES P, HOMMERSOM CF, DE GRAAF M, WITTEBOL-POST DCongenital Unilateral Cataract: A Successful Visual Outcome 232CLEEVELY S, WELLS REFocal Dermal Hypoplasia 236RIJSWIJK MM, KRUIT PJEvaluating clinical competence of orthoptic students 238TAKASAKI H, NAMBA T, YONEDA T, MAEDA F, OKA MHow Integrated Training in Orthoptics and Optometry is provided by a unified Eye 242Care Department in the NetherlandsVAN PETEGEM-HELLEMANS JC50 years Dutch Orthoptic Association: the changing role of the orthoptist 244MERCKEL CF, JELLEMA HMThe European orthoptists, together since 1988 246LOULY M, VAN LAMMEREN MA Comparative Analysis of Ocular Rotation Measures 250HANIF S, ROWE FJ, O‟CONNOR ARThe Value of Assessing Fields Of Uniocular Fixation in Patients with 254Orbital TraumaNRIAPIA VC, KNOWLES EJSpontaneous Consecutive Exotropia in Childhood 258SENIOR JD, CHANDNA A, O‟CONNER AUnusual Cases of Progressive esotropia caused by High Myopia 263OHBA M, KAWATA H, OHGURO H, FUKUSHI NInfantile Congenital Esotropia - A 16 year study in a small population 268FRANCALANZA MBotulinum toxin A (Botox®) for the treatment of spasm of the near 272reflex/convergence spasmDE GRAAF M, VAN HOOFT-HOFMANN J, WITTEBOL-POST DNear reflex spasm – review of types and aetiology 274HOOLE JK, TUFF LCConvergence excess esotropia, a proposed new classification, the effect of 278monocular occlusion on the AC/A-ratioGARRETTY TLong-term Outcome After Surgical Correction for Superior Oblique Palsy 282FURR BA, DEL MONTE MAResults of bilateral inferior rectus recession in patients with Graves‟ orbitopathy; 286a retrospective study

JELLEMA HM, EVERHARD-HALM YSOccurrence and treatment of post-operative limitation of the inferior rectus muscle 291STRAVERS SN, DE GRAAF MEL, WITTEBOL-POST DMid-operative force duction test as a guide to titrate the surgery for 294consecutive exotropiaVISHWA NATH MR, ANSONS AThe Use of Botulinum Toxin in Third Nerve Palsy 299MARSH IBThe Role of Botulinum Toxin in Paediatric Strabismus: a prospective study 302ANDERSON S, CHANDNA A, CHEN S