Kamini Nagandran Nagandran1, Chua Kien Hui3, Nor Hamdan Md ...

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Proteoglycans are very large molecules.Aggrecan is the most predominant ofthese proteoglycans associate withhyaluronic acid creating a hugeproteoglycan aggregate.These aggregates attracts water to theirnegatively charged disaccharidecarbohydrates copolymer chains calledglycosaminoglycans (sGAG).This structure leads to hydration andswelling of tissue. It provides low frictionon the joint surface and protection tothe cartilage.
Type II collagen is a cartilage specificunique component conferring the structurerigidity.It is made up of three alpha (α) I chain.When this collagen is destroyed duringdegradation of matrix, it is replaced withtype I collagen, a fibro-cartilage that doesnot have the same functional properties astype II collagen.The type II collagen in regulated by atranscriptional regulator (SOX-9) where itmediates maintenance of chondrocytesphenotype.
Page 1: Kamini Nagandran 1 , Chua Kien Hui
Page 9 and 10: EBN known as Yan Wo by the Chinese
Page 11: Traditional Chinese Medicine believ
Page 17 and 18: Fig 2(a): The cells are polygonal i
Page 19 and 20: Induction with HMG and EHMG extract
Page 21 and 22: CONTROL 0.5% HMG 1% HMG 0.5% EHMG 1
Page 23 and 24: Induction with HMG and EHMGextracts
Page 25: In this study the changes on chondr
Page 30 and 31: (Odaet al., 1998; Goh et al., 2000)
Page 32 and 33: (Boileauet al.,2007; Chua et al., 2
Page 34: Preparation of master mix:•2X RT

Kamini Nagandran Nagandran1, Chua Kien Hui3, Nor Hamdan Md ...

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