Simulation of Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide in ... - CO2CRC

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Figure 7: Vertical cross-section of one realisation of the stochastic distributionof shales for a 3D grid. The lateral width is 3000m. The shale unitsare 200m by 100m laterally. The top of the model corresponds to a depthof 1200m, and the bottom to 2000m. The shales are in red, the Cattamarraformation is in yellow, the Cadda is in olive, and the Yarragadee is in green.5.2 3D grid with explicit flow barriersThe use of the effective vertical permeability in the radial case has somedrawbacks in this particular setting. The derivation of the vertical permeabilityis based on an average vertical flow through a distribution of barriers.However in this case, the interest is more in the breakthrough time i.e. thetime elapsed before carbon dioxide reaches the vicinity of the fresh wateraquifers.The first case considered uses a shale distribution based on a net-to-grosstarget of 0.4, with shale widths being 200m in one direction and 100m in theother, and thicknesses being 20m (due to the grid coarseness, this correspondsto 2 by 1 grid laterally and 1 grid block vertically). Mathematically the shalesare taken to be ellipsoids, so they protrude into the grid blocks immediatelyabove and below the layer in which the centre of the shale is located. Fig.7 shows a snapshot of a vertical cross-section through one realisation of thedistribution. It can seen that the connectivity of the shales means that flowpaths must go out of the plane of the cross-section to connect all the sandunits. A horizontal cross-section is shown in Fig. 8 at a depth of 1710m.The accompanying file small_shales.mpg contains an animation of scanningthrough the successive layers of the simulation grid, showing the shales inred.11
Figure 8: Horizontal cross-section at a depth of 1710m (bottom of the Caddaformation) of one realisation of the stochastic distribution of shales for a 3Dgrid. The lateral width is 3000m in both directions. The shale units are200m by 100m laterally. The shales are in red12
Page 1: Simulation of Geological Storage of
Page 4 and 5: Cooperative Research Centre for Gre
Page 6 and 7: List of Figures1 Vertical cross-sec
Page 8 and 9: 13 Vertical cross-section of gas sa
Page 10 and 11: 1 Executive SummaryNumerical simula
Page 12 and 13: 3 Simulation capabilitiesThe simula
Page 14 and 15: the injection area (as well as spre
Page 16 and 17: Figure 1: Vertical cross-section of
Page 24 and 25: Figure 11: Vertical cross-section o
Page 30 and 31: Figure 18: Horizontal cross-section
Page 32 and 33: Figure 20: Horizontal cross-section
Page 34 and 35: ReferencesBattistelli A, Calore C a

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