Endocrine Review Worksheet #2 Bio 40C Dr ... - De Anza College

Endocrine Review Worksheet #2Bio 40CDr. Kandula1. Name the three successive stages of the general adaptation syndrome.2. Describe how increased blood glucose levels respond to increased insulin levels.3. Describe how insulin affects each of the following:a. liver cellsb. adipose cells4.What is the overall affect of insulin on blood glucose levels?5. Glucagon is stimulated from the pancreatic islets. Describe its affect; its role in re-establishinghomeostasis.6. Now, investigate the affect of GHRH/hGH on decreasing blood glucose levels. How do these hormonesaffect the liver in response to declining blood glucose levels?7. Continue your investigation of hGH. How does hGH affect adipose tissue? How does this contribute tohomeostatic balance?8 Declining blood glucose levels stimulates ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary. What affect doesACTH have on the target cells within the adrenal cortex?9. The pineal gland secretes melatonin. Explain the function of melatonin.10. a. What stimulates Parathyroid Hormone secretion?b. Bone osteoclasts are one PTH target. Describe the affect of PTH on these cells, and the correspondingaffect on body homeostasis.c. Kidney nephrons are also PTH targets. Describe the affect of PTH on these structures, and thecorresponding affect on body homeostasis.11. What are the functions of each of the following hypothalamic hormones?a. Releasing Hormonesb. Oxytocinc. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)12. What are the functions of each of the following pituitary hormones?

a. Human Growth Hormone (hGH)b. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)c. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)d. Prolactin (PRL)e. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)f. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)13. Describe the functions of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).14. Describe the function of thymic hormones.15 The heart secretes Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANP). Describe its functions.16. The G cells of the gastric mucosa produce the hormone gastrin and the duodenal mucosa produces secretinand cholecystokinin (CCK). What are the functions of these hormones?a. Gastrinb. Secretinc. Cholecystokinin (CCK)17 Pancreatic alpha cells secrete glucagon, while the beta cells secrete insulin. Describe the functions of thesehormones.a. Glucagonb. Insulin18. Ovarian follicle cells and corpus luteum produce estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin. Describe thefunction of these hormones.a. Estrogensb. Progesteronec. Relaxind. Inhibin19. Within the testes, the Leydig cells produce testosterone while the Sertoli cells produce inhibin. Describethe function of these hormones.a. Testosteroneb. Inhibin

20. How do lipid soluble hormones work to alter cell function?21. How do water soluble hormones work to alter cell function? (This includes an explanation of “secondmessenger” function.)22. Explain how circulating hormones affect their targets.23. Explain how eicosanoids, growth factors, and nitric oxide are examples of local hormones.24. During an alarm reaction, how are each of the following affected?a. Lungsb. Liverc. Heartd. Blood Flowe. Adrenalsf. Summarize the results of the alarm reaction explaining how this contributes to homeostasis.25.Describe how each of the following hormones contribute to homeostatic stability during the resistance reaction.a. Aldosteroneb. Cortisolc. hGH26.a. What causes the exhaustion stage to occur? What are the symptoms of thisstage?