Rez 1 - Doctorate ULBS - "Lucian Blaga" din Sibiu

writing and on the subversive aspects their use involves. The emphasis given to boththe formal characteristics and their reverberations at a semantic level was madepossible by the approach of the analysis from the perspective of post-structuralisttheories, which go beyond the structuralist discipline, surpassing the strictly objectivestudy of the form and offering a great opening at the level of content by connectingrhetorical means with the general significance of the literary work.The third chapter of the thesis, entitled Intratextual Instances, deals with thenarrator, narratee and character in distinct subchapters.In the theoretic presentation of the narrative voice we have shown that thenarrator is the instance mediating between the diegesis and the reader, being alwaysplaced at the same level with the narratee, the instance he addresses. Therefore, thenarrator is always a fictional instance, created by the author, just like the characters, inorder to tell the events of the story either from within, or from without 3 . In spite of thestrict differentiation made between the different narrative instances and of the cleardefinition given to the narrator, as the producer of the story through the act ofnarration many confusions arose even among researchers, between the narrator andthe author, as well as between who speaks and who sees in the story, distinctionswhich we have dwelled upon in our work.As far as the classification of the narrators is concerned, drawing on the typesof narrators identified by his predecessors, Gérard Genette proposed a complextypology which became the reference point for all research in narratology. Dependingon the degree of participation in the story, Genette established two categories ofnarrators 4 : homodiegetic and heterodiegetic, and depending on the narrative level, hedifferentiated between extradiegetic and intradiegetic narrators. The metadiegeticuniverse evoked by the latter may include, in its turn, a third degree narrator, whichGérard Genette calls metadiegetic.Other classifications had in view the differentiation of the narrators based onthe degree of visibility in the text (overt and covert narrators 5 ) or of reliability(reliable and unreliable narrators 6 ). In addition, there are typologies of narrative which3 Jaap Lintvelt, Încercare de tipologie narativă. Punctul de vedere. Teorie şi analiză, Editura Univers,Bucureşti, 1994, pp. 25-35;4 Gérard Genette, Narrative Discourse. An Essay in Method, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NewYork, 1980, pp. 227-235, 245-254;5 Seymour Chatman, Story and Discourse, New York, Cornell University Press, 1978, pp. 97-101,220-252;6 Wayne Booth, Retorica romanului, Editura Univers, Bucureşti, 1976, p. 204;13