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8 CONSTRAINTS OF USSDUSSD keeps resources assigned, routing direct messages to theHLR, which means increased traffic on the channels betweenthe MSCs and the HLR. Additionally, a USSD message can onlybe sent to a user’s home network, where the connection ismaintained for the entire duration of the USSD session. USSDcan therefore be expensive in terms of its resources assigned.Even though the resources (signaling channel, etc.) are assignedfor the entire duration of the session, these resources are moreefficiently utilized in USSD than to SMS. Clearly, the positives ofUSSD far outweigh the negatives.9 FUTURE SCOPEModern interactive and real-time USSD services, combined withexcellent compatibility with all mobile terminals (from old handsetsto new smartphones), have played a significant role in enablingthe telecom transformation. Mobile operators today are seen aslifestyle services providers. Deep integration of USSD center withvarious other platforms allows for a cost-effective and efficientutilization of resources.Nowadays, VAS have become an indispensable part of the productsoffered by mobile service providers. Modern USSD serviceoperators see their stature quickly changing from mobile serviceprovider to innovation “super store,” always wanting to providenew and easy network services and applications. From the corenetwork to the internet, the reach of modern USSD services isexpanding and rapidly transforming the telecom cloud into aservices cloud. This is clearly valued by the users.providers, banks, enterprises, etc.), USSD sponsors, contentproviders, advertising and marketing crew, and many others.The new trends of services include location-based USSDservices, USSD gaming and betting, user-managed USSDapplications and content, mobile information and entertainment,and many more.Although many of these USSD services are still in the nascentstage, this technology has a huge potential for growth. Still, manymore innovative M-commerce applications can be thought ofand serviced to make our communication easier.CONCLUSIONTo access USSD, subscribers require neither additional softwarefor the handset nor a special Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.The benefits of the USSD technology look promising. Recognizingthe limits of SMS and IVR, USSD leverages subscriber-applicationdialog, offering a competitive edge, accentuating technologicaladvantages, maintaining customer satisfaction, and significantlyreducing the churn rate.JANAGOUDAR SANGANAGOUDAis Senior Product Engineer atAricent. He holds a B.E. degree inElectronics and Communications.jana.goudar@aricent.comToday, USSD offers a competitive market for creating revolutionarynetwork service. It binds the third-party interfaces (e.g., serviceUSSD: A Communication Technology to Potentially Ouster SMS Dependency12
ABBREVIATIONSREFERENCESUSSDUSSDCMSSMSSMSCSMPPMAPTCAPWAPMISDWHUnstructured Supplementary Service DataUnstructured Supplementary Service Data CenterMobile Station (mobile user)Short Message ServiceShort Message Service CenterSimple Messaging Peer-PeerMobile Application PartTransaction Capabilities Application PartWireless Application ProtocolManagement Information SystemsData WarehouseTM Forum Best Practices StandardsTM Forum Application Framework (TAM)3GPP TS 22.030: “Man-Machine Interface (MMI) of the UserEquipment (UE)”3GPP TS 23.038: “Alphabets and language-specificinformation”3GPP TS 22.004: “General on supplementary services”3GPP TS 22.090: “Unstructured Supplementary Service Data(USSD) – Stage3GPP TS 24.080: “Mobile radio interface layer 3 supplementaryservices specification; Formats and coding”GSM 02.90 (ETSI TS 100 549) Specification (USSD) Phase 1 at3Gpp.orgVAS Value Added ServicesIVR Interactive Voice ResponseAPI Application Programming InterfaceHLR Home Location RegisterHPLMN Home Public Land Mobile NetworkVLR Visitor Location RegisterVPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile NetworkMSC Mobile Switching CenterVMSC Visited MSCmFSP Mobile Financial Service ProvidermFS Mobile Financial ServicesMNO Mobile Network OperatorARPU Average Revenue per User3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership ProjectOPEX Operation ExpendituresCAPEX Capital ExpendituresGSM 03.90 (ETSI TS 100 549) Specification (USSD) Phase 2 at3Gpp.orgGSM 03.40 ETSI European Digital Cellular TelecommunicationSystems – Technical realization of SMSUSSD Services for Interactive Mobile Users – A PDF docwww.mobilein.comwww.mobitek.comwww.3g4g.co.ukwww.netfors.comwww.mobileUSSD.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSDwww.gsmworld.comwww.nfc-forum.org/OMA, Device Management Working Group.www.openmobilealliance.orgMobile Payments Forum – Risks and Threats Analysis andSecurity Best Practices, Version 1
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMERSThis white paper provide
Page 5 and 6: USSD is increasingly being adopted
Page 7: The MSC connects to the HLR in the
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