Bosch <strong>Battery</strong> Chargers <strong>and</strong> their Characteristics<strong>Battery</strong> charger<strong>Charging</strong> characteristicsSimplified representationCourse of charging over timeAbbreviationat 12 V/ 24 VBML 2415 FWWUBML 2415BSL 2470BSL 2470W 200 SWBAT 415 / BAT 430I 1 U 1 I 2 aI 3 aI 3 ...BAT 490 "St<strong>and</strong>ard"I 1 U 1 I 2 aI 3 aI 3 ...BAT 490 "Expert"IU 1 oU 2 ...I Constant current characteristic curveU Constant voltage characteristic curveW Falling characteristic curvea Automatic shutoffe Automatic reactivationt <strong>Charging</strong> time (resistance characteristic curve)0 Autonomous switchover14
<strong>Battery</strong> charging technology from A to ZDirect battery charging on the vehicle electrical systemMore <strong>and</strong> more electrical consumers provide a majordegree of safety <strong>and</strong> com<strong>for</strong>t in motor vehicles. As aresult, highly sensitive components, such as airbags,ECUs, alternators, car phones, CD players, etc., needto be protected from voltage peaks when the batteryis being charged. Up until now, the battery had to bedisconnected from the vehicle electrical system <strong>for</strong> thatpurpose. <strong>The</strong> electronic <strong>and</strong> high-frequency chargers byBosch enable the charging of batteries on the vehicleelectrical system without any impairment of the vehicleelectronics. This translates into significantly improvedsafety <strong>and</strong> convenience <strong>for</strong> workshop <strong>service</strong>s. No more cumbersome battery removals ordisconnecting <strong>The</strong> data memories of car radios, ECUs, phones,board computers, etc., are preserved Electrical consumers (airbags, ECUs, etc.)are protected No hazardous battery gassing even during tricklecharging Batteries can be charged when electrical consumersare connected (floating mode) Brief charging time due to large power reserves withIU / IWU characteristicTrickle chargingA battery is connected to the charger <strong>for</strong> charging overa prolonged period of time, e. g., <strong>for</strong> preserving camper<strong>and</strong> motorcycle batteries during winter.Gassing voltageFor 12 V batteries, this voltage limit is approximately14.4 V. If the gassing voltage is exceeded during charging,the battery significantly begins to gas. This leads towater losses in the battery resulting in the risk of detonatinggas. In order to prevent this, the charge voltagesof the charger have to be limited to 14.4 V (2.4 V / cell)or 13.8 V (2.3 V / cell) <strong>for</strong> 12 V batteries.Reverse-polarity protection<strong>The</strong> purpose of reverse-polarity protection is to preventreverse polarity of the crocodile clips of the charger.Usually a minimum voltage in the battery is required <strong>for</strong>reverse-polarity protection to work. Refer to the instructionmanual of the charger be<strong>for</strong>e using it.Floating modeIn floating mode, both chargers <strong>and</strong> consumers are connectedto the battery. That means that, during the chargeprocess, consumers receive power from the battery atthe same time. <strong>The</strong> electronics of the charger preventthe battery from overcharging.Start assist<strong>The</strong> start assist function supports the battery when thevehicle is started. <strong>The</strong> high amount of current necessaryis generated by the increased short-term power of thecharger. Caution: <strong>The</strong> start assist is only possible <strong>for</strong>vehicles whose manufacturers do not discourage it inthe instruction manual.Rapid charging / fast chargingA battery is charged with high initial charge current. Oncethe gassing voltage (2.4 V / cell) is reached, the deviceeither has to be shut off or the current has to be lowered.Backup modeWhen a battery is replaced or removed, the chargerinitiates storage to preserve the data memories of carradios, car phones <strong>and</strong> others. In this case, current outputis limited.Exhaustive-discharge batteriesBatteries with a cell voltage of less than 1 V are calledexhaustive-discharge batteries. If they are not immediatelyrecharged, they become subjected to damage as timegoes by.15
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