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Access to justice: the case of women in Iran 114Shahla MoazamiThe irony of social legislation: reflections on formal andinformal justice interfaces and indigenous peoples in the Philippines 124Prof. Marvic M.V.F. LeonenParticipation and representation of disadvantaged groups inparliamentary processes in the Philippines 144Ledivina V. CariñoPromoting inclusive governance in tsunami recovery in Sri Lanka 160Aparna Basnyat, Dilrukshi Fonseka and Radhika Hettiarachchi
IntroductionInclusive governance for human developmentClarence Dias and R. Sudarshan 1What is inclusive governance?To be inclusive is a core value of democratic governance, in terms of equal participation, equal treatmentand equal rights before the law. This implies that all people – including the poor, women, ethnic andreligious minorities, indigenous peoples and other disadvantaged groups – have the right to participatemeaningfully in governance processes and influence decisions that affect them. It also means thatgovernance institutions and policies are accessible, accountable and responsive to disadvantaged groups,protecting their interests and providing diverse populations with equal opportunities for public servicessuch as justice, health and education.The Asia-Pacific region, with almost 60 percent of the world’s population and a wide range ofsocio-economic and political issues, presents a challenging context for the promotion of inclusivegovernance. While the region has made rapid economic progress, these gains have not been distributedequally or equitably, either between or within countries. Underlying structures of inequality remain deeplyembedded in historical processes of discrimination and inequitable development. Indeed, many groupstoday still find themselves excluded – socially, politically and economically – and marginalized fromnational development and governance processes, with few opportunities for redress. This is especially sofor indigenous peoples, who are an integral part of the culturally diverse mosaic of the Asia Pacific region.Inclusive governance is critical to UNDP’s mission, which is to support countries to accelerate progress onhuman development, an integrative concept that aims at real improvements in people’s lives and in thechoices and opportunities open to them. Central to the human development approach is the concept ofhuman empowerment. This goes beyond economic development, in terms of income and gross domesticproduct, to encompass access to education and health care, freedom of expression, the rule of law, respectfor diversity, protection from violence, and the preservation of the environment as essential dimensions ofhuman development and well-being.The three traditional branches of governance – legislature, executive and judiciary – along with civilsociety, the media and the private sector all have unique roles in promoting sustainable humandevelopment. Moreover, the diverse functions of these institutions offer multiple opportunities for policyand programming to promote inclusion of disadvantaged groups.1The authors acknowledge the insights, inputs and advice received in drafting this paper. Special thanks are due to Mary O’Shea, Emilia Mugnai, RadhikaBehuria, Marcia V. J. Kran, Chandra Roy and Kay Kirby Dorji.1
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