Preventive Maintenance - The National Center for Pavement ...

Integration of PavementManagement andPreservationKatie Zimmerman, P.E.Applied Pavement Technology,Inc. (APTech)providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 1

What’s Coming…providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 3

Role of Pavement Management ina Preservation Program• Assist with project and treatment selection• Determine best project timing• Establish program funding needs• Build program support• Provide accountabilityproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 4

SelectionProject and Treatment Selection• Analyze pavement performance– Assess type of deterioration present– Assess extent of deterioration present• Identify factors that lead to the selection ofpreventive maintenance treatments– Assess what can be differentiated within thepavement management systemproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 5

SelectionAnalyzing Pavement Performanceproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 6

Structural HMA DistressSelection•LoadRuttingPlasticDeformationFatigueCrackingproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 7

SelectionFunctional Deterioration•Most pavement surface distress somehowaffects a pavement’s function by increasingroughness or reducing frictionPolishingBleeding/Flushingproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 8

SelectionSafety Enhancements• Restored Friction Characteristicsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 9

SelectionIdentifying CandidatesWhat information is needed to identifycandidates for PM?1. ______________________________2. ______________________________3. ______________________________providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 10

SelectionTreatment Selection ApproachesEasiest Approach1. Group all preventive maintenancetreatments into one or two treatments2. Develop treatment rules, impact models,and costs for the general treatments3. Have the districts/regions select the finaltreatment based on actual conditionsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 11

SelectionSample Simple Decision TreePCI100705025Preventive MaintenanceLight to ModerateRehabilitationHeavyRehabilitationReconstructionAGEproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 12

SelectionTreatment Selection ApproachesMore Sophisticated Approach1. Develop decision trees for each preventivemaintenance treatment2. Develop performance models, impact rules,and costs for each treatment in the decisiontree3. Provide treatment recommendations tothe District/Regions to confirmproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 13

SelectionRecommendations• Use existing condition information to identifycandidates for preventive maintenance• Identify the additional factors that triggerpreventive maintenance treatments• Incorporate the additional factors into yourpavement management models• Establish processes for tracking treatmentsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 14

TimingProject Timing• Predict pavement deterioration• Estimate when a more substantial treatmentwill be neededWindow ofOpportunityproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 15

TimingMaximum Allowable DistressHMA Distress TypeExtent of ProblemMinorMajorFatigue CrackingLinear & Block Cracking“Stable” RuttingRavelingFlushing/BleedingRoughnessFriction LossMoisture DamageShovingproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 16

TimingSample Treatment GuidelinesHMADistressesLow Moderate HighOccasional Frequent Occasional Frequent Occasional FrequentFatigueCrackingFog Seal, DoNothingFog Seal,Chip SealChip Seal,Fog Seal,Thin HMAOverlayChip Seal,Slurry SealPatching,Chip Seal,Thin HMAOverlayRecon,PatchingEdge CrackingDo Nothing,Crack Seal orFillCrack Sealor Fill, DoNothingCrack Seal,PatchingCrackSeal,PatchingPatchingPatchingLongitudinalCrackingCrack Seal,Do NothingCrackSeal, ChipSeal, DoNothingCrack Seal,Chip SealCrackSeal, ChipSealPatching,Crack Seal,Chip SealChip Seal,Crack Seal,PatchingBleeding Do Nothing DoNothing,Chip SealChip Seal,Do Nothing,MillChip Seal,MillMill + ChipSealMill + ChipSeal, ThinHMAOverlayproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 17

Treatment Guidance - IDOTTimingPavement ConditionsAlligator/ Fatigue Cracking 1Block Cracking"Stable" Rutting 2Joint Reflection and Transverse Cracking 3L1 F F NR NR NR NR F F F F F F F F F NR RL2, L3, L4 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR FM1 R R F R R F R R R R R R F F R F NRM2 R R NR NR F NR F NR F F F F NR NR NR NR NRM3, M4 F F NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR F F NR NR NR NR NRN1, N2 NR NR NR NR NR NR F R F F R R R* F R* F RN3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR F NR NR R R R* NR R* F FO1 NR NR F R R NR F R R R F F R** F NR F NRO2, O3 R R NR NR NR NR NR F F F F F F NR NR NR NRO4, O5 F F NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NROverlayed Patch Reflective Cracking P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F*Q1 R R F F F NR F F F F F F F F F F NRQ2, Q3 R F NR NR F NR NR F F F F F F F F F NRQ4, Q5 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR F F NR NR NR NR NRR1 R R F F F NR F F F F F F F F F F NRR2, R3 F F NR NR NR NR F F F F F F F NR F NR NRR4, R5 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NRCenterline Deterioration S1, S2, S3, S4 F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F*Edge CrackingT1 F F F R R NR F F R F R R R** F F F RT2 F F NR NR NR NR NR F F F F F F NR F NR RT3, T4 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR FPermanent Patch Deterioration U1, U2, U3, U4 F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F* F*Shoving, Bumps, Sags, and CorrugationWeathering/ RavelingMicrosurfacingV1 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR F F F R R R F F R FV2, V3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR R R R NR F R FW1, W2 NR NR F F F F R R R R F F F F F F NRW3, W4 NR NR NR NR NR NR F F F F R R R* NR NR NR NRReflective D-Cracking X1, X2, X3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR F F NR F NR F NRFriction Poor NR NR NR R R NR R R R R F F R R F F NRADTSeverity LevelsPavement ConditionsLongitudinal / Center of Lane CrackingReflective Widening CrackCrackFillingCrackSealingLongitudinal / Center of Lane CrackingReflective Widening Crack< 5,000 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R5,000 – 10,000 R R F F F R F R R R F R R R R R R> 10,000 R R NR NR NR NR NR F F F NR R R R R R RRelative Cost ($ to $$$$) $ $ $ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$$ $ VariesR - Recommended treatment for the specified pavement condition. Care must be examined in making sure that all critical distress types are addressed by the selected treatment.R* - Recommended treatment when used with milling prior to treatment.R** - Used in combination with crack sealing.F - Feasible treatment but depends upon other project constraints including other existing distresses.F* - This is a localized distress and should be treated locally while other distress types present should dictate choice of global treatment.NR - Treatment is not recommended to correct the specified pavement condition.1- Preservation treatments do not correct alligator cracking. Of the treatments, chip seals are most appropriate at addressing the alligator cracking.2 - If stable rutting is present without other distresses, microsurfacing or mill and overlay are the recommended treatments.3 - If cracking is joint reflection related, the preservation treatments will not correct the distress.FogSealSandSealScrubSealRejuvntrSlurrySealSeverity LevelsChipSealCapeSealCIR HIRRejuvntrThin HMAOverlaySlurrySealUltra- Thin BondedWearing CourseUTWColdMillMicrosurfacingDrainagePresrvtnChipSealCapeSealQ1 NR F F F FQ2, Q3 NR NR F F FQ4, Q5 NR NR NR NR NRR1 NR F F F FR2, R3 NR F F F FR4, R5 NR NR NR NR NRproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 18

TimingTime-Based Schedule ExampleNew York State Initial Guidelines for Treatment Application CyclesTreatment Type• PCC pavement joint and crack sealing• HMA pavement crack sealing• Thin HMA overlays (38 mm [1.5 in])• Surface treatments of HMA pavements• Surface treatments of shoulders• Clean drainageAppl.Cycle, yrs84124410providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 19

TimingRecommendations• Use performance models to determine the“window of opportunity”• Establish internal guidelines on the amountof deterioration that can be addressed withpreventive maintenance treatments• Establish dedicated funding so scheduledtreatments are applied on timeproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 20

FundingProgram Funding100From Indiana DOT for its Interstates90Average condition8070605040302010019981999Rehabilitation/ Preventive Maintenance$100 million/ $15 million$125 million/ $12.5 million$125 million/ $25 million200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017Year of analysisproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 21

FundingRecommendations• Use your pavement management analysis todetermine the appropriate funding level foryour pavement preservation program• Link funding levels to performance targetsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 22

SupportProgram Support• Promote concepts• Demonstrate cost effectiveness• Illustrate impacts with and without preventivemaintenance• Justify expendituresproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 23

SupportPromoting Concepts• Educating decision makersCondition Deterioration & Treatment Triggers / Resets100ConditionIndexOriginal Pavement$ 1 $ 2 $ 6 $ 15Seal CoatThin OverlayStructural Overlay50Remaining Service Life (RSL) = 0ReconstructionYears / AADT (ESALs)providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 24

SupportGood Roads Cost Less (1977)Thickness Required for 1M Additional Load ApplicationsGoodPavement ConditionFairPoorVeryPoor1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Thickness (in)providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 25

SupportProgram Support0 to 25% of asset lifeMinor MaintenanceNow In 12 Years In 24 Years26%23%14%25 to 50% of asset lifePreventive Maintenance37%26%23%26%50 to 75% of asset lifeRehabilitation14%37%75 to 100% of lifeReplacement23%14%37%The dynamic life cycle requirements of an aginginfrastructure…Hamilton, Canadaproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 26

SupportChallenge• Does distress dataallow you to measurethe effectiveness of apreventivemaintenancetreatment?– Example: cracksealingproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 27

SupportRecommendations• Incorporate preventive maintenancetreatments into the analysis• Demonstrate benefits using strategies thatresonate with decision makers• Improve your measures of effectiveness asdata become availableproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 28

AccountabilityAccountabilityproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 29

AccountabilitySetting Performance TargetsPercent Pavement in Good ConditionPlot100$25M/year8060$5M/year4020Do NothingPlot end pointsversus annual budgetPlot00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Time (Years)providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 30

AccountabilitySetting Performance TargetsPercent Pavement in Good Condition in 10 Years100$25M/year8060$5M/year40200Do nothing0 5 10 15 20 25Relative Budget, $Millions/Yearproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 31

Enhance AccountabilityAccountability• Pavement Management PlansBackgroundDescription ofServices ProvidedDescription ofPavementConditionsCommitmentto the UsersDescription ofTargeted ServiceLevelPerformanceMetricsFinancialRequirementsand FundingStrategiesProgramDescriptionsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 32

Asset Plansproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 33

AccountabilityRecommendations• Establish the processes necessary to trackpreventive maintenance applications• Prepare Pavement Asset Plans showingwhat funding is needed and how it will beused.providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 34

Making Improvements• Address the core questions• Identify factors impacting the degree towhich pavement preservation is integrated inyour pavement management system• Consider creating a Pavement PreservationEngineer position• Keep moving forward!providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 35

5 Core Questions• What is the current state of my pavements?• What is the required level of service?• Which pavements are most critical toachieving our performance objectives?• What are the best strategies forMaintenance & Operations and CapitalImprovement investments?• What is the best long-term funding strategy?providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 36

Moving ForwardIdentify YourNeedsDevelop A Plan ForAddressing GapsDetermineWhat’s AvailableIdentify AnyGapsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 37

Addressing Data Issues• Accessibility• Integrationproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 38

Addressing Institutional Issues• Resistance to change• Disconnected decisionsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 39

Resources Available• NHI 131116: Pavement Management:Characteristics of an Effective Program– Free to state highway agencies– 1 day– Conducted by FHWA– www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov (In the training catalog)• Final Report from the First Pavement ManagementPeer Exchange• http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pub_details.cfm?id=600providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 40

Useful Resources - Websites• FHWA Pavement Preservation website:www.fhwa.dot.gov/preservation• FHWA Office of Asset Management:www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmtproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 41

It’s Time• Pavement management should be designedto support an agency’s decision processes• Today, that means more than ever beforewith the increased demands associated with:– Pavement preservation– MEPDG calibration– HPMS changes– Accountability requirementsproviding engineering solutions to improve pavement per 42

Contact info:Katie Zimmermankzimmerman@appliedpavement.com(217) 398-3977providing engineering solutions to improve pavement per 43