Life, Law & Liberty in Japan - IPBA 2012

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Ⅱ. Personal Liberty-Psychological(1) Freedom of One’s mind - ReligionConstitution, Article 20(1) Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all. No religiousorganization shall receive any privileges from the State,nor exercise any political authority.(2) No person shall be compelled to take part in anyreligious act, celebration, rite or practice.(3) The State and its organs shall refrain from religiouseducation or any other religious activity.• Religion was separated from the State.• Religious activities prohibited by the constitution arethose which assist, promote, enhance, or suppressinterference with religion.8
Ⅱ. Personal Liberty-Psychological(1) Freedom of One’s mind -AcademicConstitution, Article 23Academic freedom is guaranteed.• Based on the history that academic freedom and thecontents of academic theories were violated by powerof the state (Case of Professor Takigawa).• This article also guarantees authority in a university(Case of Poporo in Tokyo University, Judgment of theSupreme Court, May 22,1962)9
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Life, Law & Liberty in Japan - IPBA 2012

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