Wildlife of Pakistan - Otter Specialist Group

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Volume 1: Issue 1: January - March, 2012C2. A continuing decline AND (a) and/or (b):(a i) Number of matureindividuals in eachsubpopulation:< 50 < 250 < 1,000or< 50 < 250 < 1,000(a ii) % individuals in onesubpopulation =90–100% 95–100% 100%(b) Extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals.D. Very small or restricted population Either:Number of matureindividuals< 50 < 250 D1. < 1,000AND/ORVU D2. Restricted area of occupancy or number of locations with a plausiblefuture threat that could drive the taxon to CR or EX in a very short time.E. Quantitative AnalysisIndicating the probabilityof extinction in the wildto be:≥ 50% in 10 yearsor 3 generations(100 years max.)≥ 20% in 20 yearsor 5 generations(100 years max.)D2. typically:AOO
Volume 1: Issue 1: January - March, 2012Saeed-ul-IslamSangharEmail: saeedislam2001@yahoo.co.ukNaveed Ali SumroSangharEmail:WILDLIFE OF PAKISTAN26PITCHER IRRIGATION;EFFICIENT AGRICULTURE FOR FOOD SECURITY & NATURE CONSERVATIONSAs agricultureis a dominant drivingforce for economical growth inPakistan, therefore the sustainableoutput of the sector is imperative tostabilize the country. The decliningproductivity status of the sector sincelast pair of decades is alarming topay intensive importance at differentlevels. Along with the water scarcity,irrigation system inefficienciesemerged as the main factorbehind productivity deterioration inagriculture, especially with the perilof conventional water loss up to 40 %and land degradation, that not onlyconsequent food insecurity & povertybut also potent environmentaldegradation leading biodiversitylosses. On other hand a large area(28,170 squire kilometer) of thecountry is arid and characterizedas too dry for conventional & evenrain-fed agriculture (except fewparts). Over a million of desertinhabitant’s livelihood & food needsare threatened by droughts &desertification in account of humanpopulation growth, climate change,over exploitation of rangelands &other desert resources. If currenttrends in population growth continue,there will soon be millions more andthese people will need food, so thewisest course for them is to producetheir own food. The rapid growth insaid issues, presents a strong casefor paying more serious attentionto the repercussions of the existingirrigation means in both human andecological terms.Pitcher irrigation is an indigenoustechnique being used in arid &semi-arid lands across the world.In addition to being water & costefficient,less labor-intensive andmore productive, this irrigationsystem can also extend the growingseason by efficiently providing waterto crops throughout the dry season.This sub-surface irrigation techniqueentails burying an unglazed & porousclay pot encircled with seedlings forcreating a steady supply of moistureinto the root zone under hydrostaticpressure and/or suction to maintainplant growth, minimizing percolation& evaporation losses, and risk ofsalinization by accumulating thesalts at the soil surface & wettedland boundaries, leaving the saltcontent of water in the root zonemore favorable than the salinityPitcher Irrigation in Thar Desert, Sanghar © Haji Mola Bux, IFAP, WWF-P
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Wildlife of Pakistan - Otter Specialist Group

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