comparative assessment of the toxic effects of copper and ...
comparative assessment of the toxic effects of copper and ...
comparative assessment of the toxic effects of copper and ...
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Fig. 3 Effects <strong>of</strong> chemical treatments (0-0.05 mg ml -1 ) on fresh yield <strong>of</strong> seedlings <strong>of</strong> S. oleracea L. Bars are mean ±SE <strong>of</strong> five replicates. Bars <strong>of</strong> respective treatment followed by different letters are significantly different from eacho<strong>the</strong>r at p≤0.05 (Duncan’s multiple range test).The results <strong>of</strong> two-way ANOVA test clearly showed that chemicals, treatments <strong>and</strong> chemicals ×treatments have significant <strong>effects</strong> on all <strong>the</strong> tested parameters <strong>of</strong> plant growth (Table 1). However,interaction <strong>of</strong> variables <strong>and</strong> chemicals did not show significant <strong>effects</strong> on shoot <strong>and</strong> root elongation. Thisstudy also suggests that <strong>the</strong> sources <strong>of</strong> variables <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir interaction may affect <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>and</strong>development <strong>of</strong> seedlings <strong>of</strong> spinach plants. This study concludes that presence <strong>of</strong> CPM <strong>and</strong> Cu in soilmay influence <strong>the</strong> seed germination, PSG, SGR <strong>and</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> seedlings <strong>of</strong> a crop. The study fur<strong>the</strong>rreveals that CPM has more <strong>toxic</strong> <strong>effects</strong> on seeds <strong>of</strong> S. oleracea L. as compared to Cu, <strong>and</strong> <strong>toxic</strong> effect orsoil pollutants on food crops needs to be studied fur<strong>the</strong>r.Table 1: Results <strong>of</strong> two-way ANOVA test F-values (significance levels) for <strong>the</strong> tested parameters <strong>of</strong> S. oleraceaL. seeds.ParametersSources <strong>of</strong> VariationChemicals (C) Treatments (T) C × TPSG 46.10 (***) 96.70 (***) 6.12 (**)SGR 13.98 (**) 29.75 (***) 1.24 (ns)Root elongation 0.13 (ns) 43.60 (***) 7.31(**)Shoot elongation 4.47 (*) 17.68 (***) 1.05 (ns)Total yield 158.16 (***) 105.23 (***) 3.54 (*)Levels <strong>of</strong> significance; ***P