CLT AND GBT FOR MARANAO STUDENTS' ORAL ... - Researches

proficiency test reflects the following score or rate for each aspect of oral English: 0–0.5 ‐ Non‐user; 1.0–
1.5 ‐ Poor; 2.0–2.5 ‐ Fair; 3.0–3.5 ‐ Good; 4.0–4.5 ‐ Excellent.
The score of a student which showed that the latter consistently fulfilled the criteria being tested based
on the description received the higher score. For example, for the aspect of pronunciation, if the student
has very heavy accent, uses Maranao‐like phonology and rhythm; and words are not blended together,
she receives the score of 0.5.
If the student sometimes achieved the expected level, but sometimes slipped to a lower criterion, she
was given the lower score in the box. For example, for the aspect of fluency, if the student has a slow
strained speech, gropes for words; and communication would be halting and difficult and when words
come in fractions, she receives the score of 1.0.
The Maranao students’ level of oral proficiency was measured using the following range: 3.21–4.00 ‐
Highly Proficient; 2.41–3.20 ‐ Moderately Proficient; 1.61–2.40 ‐ Slightly Proficient; 0.81–1.60 ‐ Poor;
0.00–0.80‐Very Poor.
The second instrument was an adapted and modified attitudinal test, “Test on Affects to Language
Learning” which determined or measured Language anxiety level, attitude/ motivation to learn English
and confidence level. The test is divided into three parts. Part I of the test is simply on Personal
Information; Part II‐A of the test is the English Language Anxiety Scale; Part II‐B of the test is the English
Language Attitude/ Motivation Test; and Part II‐C of the test is the Language Confidence Test.
Part II‐A of the test which is the English Language Anxiety Scale measured the level of Anxiety of the
Maranao students in different contexts such as in speaking, listening, and in the testing and classroom
context. This test was an adapted and modified test from Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope’s Foreign Language
Classroom Anxiety Scale or FLCAS (1986).
Part II‐B of the test is the English Language Attitude/ Motivation test which determined the subjects’
feelings about a number of things such as on one’s motivation and attitude toward English and as a
result, gave information on how motivated they were to learn English. This test was an adapted and
modified test from Robert C. Gardner’s Attitude/ Motivation Test Battery or AMTB (1985).
Part II‐C of the test is the Language Confidence Test which measured the subjects’ level of confidence
with English as well as in their English class. This test was an adapted and modified test from Paul Sander
and Lalage Sander’s Academic Behavioral Confidence scale or ABC (2003).
The anxiety level of Maranao students’ was measured using the following range: 4.21–5.00 ‐ Highly
anxious; 3.41–4.20 – Moderately anxious; 2.61–3.40 ‐ Slightly anxious; 1.81 2.60 ‐ Not anxious; 1.00–
1.80 ‐ Definitely not anxious.