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ContentsPage1 Introduction 11.1 Problem statement 11.2 Background 11.3 Rationale for the research 22 Parliaments, politics and HIV – the research project 32.1 Objectives of the study 32.2 Methodology 32.3 Selecting the countries 42.4 The research questions 42.5 Research challenges 53 The significance of parliamentary oversight 63.1 Defining parliamentary oversight 63.2 Distinguishing between oversight and law-making 63.3 Parliamentary mechanisms and institutions for oversight 73.4 Oversight by other political institutions 104 HIV, AIDS and democratic challenges 105 Research findings 125.1 HIV, AIDS and parliamentary systems 125.2 HIV, AIDS and the electoral system 135.3 Oversight by parliamentary committees 135.4 Parliamentary committees and the political leadership 165.5 Parliamentary committees and extra-parliamentary institutions 165.6 Public participation 175.7 Legislative protection of PLWHAs 185.8 MPs as AIDS advocates 186 Recommendations and conclusions 196.1 HIV, AIDS and parliamentary systems 196.2 HIV, AIDS and the electoral system 196.3 Oversight by parliamentary committees 206.4 Parliamentary committees and the political leadership 216.5 Parliamentary committees and extra-parliamentary institutions 226.6 Public participation 226.7 Legislative protection of PLWHAs 226.8 MPs as AIDS advocates 236.9 Other recommendations and conclusions 23Acronyms and abbreviations 26Endnotes 28References 28