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Rwanda’s Poverty-Environment Initiative, a joint UNDP-UNEP programme, aimsto improve the well-being of poor and vulnerable groups by mainstreaming povertyenvironmentlinkages into national development processes. The global program, which alsoworks in other countries throughout Africa and Asia, works to incorporate environmentalsustainability as a central objective into national development strategies, to increasenational budget allocations for pro-poor environmental outcomes, and to build the long-termcapacity of governments to integrate poverty-environment concerns into development plansand programs. In Rwanda, the program has mainstreamed environment into the country’s2007 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and other strategic plans.Building capacity of the State Agency of Environmental Protection and Forestryto formulate national policies addressing major environmental considerationsaffecting sustainable human development is the primary objective of Kyrgyzstan’sEnvironmental Protection for Sustainable Development support. As a result, thegovernment’s new Country Development Strategy considers environmental securityas one of the main pillars to ensure sustainable development and covers inter alia theimprovement of environmental policy, the conservation of biodiversity, and the creationof a greenhouse gas emission analysis and accounting system.2. Policy incoherence and weak institutional environmentsThe implementation of environmentally focused development strategies requires boldpolicy reform. Policies provide the mandate and create the framework for changes tolaws and regulations governing the use of environmental resources and for programsdesigned to conserve biodiversity and to increase access to water and sanitationservices.Tanzania’s Forest Resources Management approach developed a national land policylaying the foundation for the Land and Village Land Acts, which secured land rightsfor women to acquire title and registration of land, vigorously promoted women’srepresentation in decision-making bodies covering land issues, addressed issues ofcustomary land rights, and upheld the principle of non-discrimination based on sex.To help member states establish effective housing policies, including unplanned and illegalinformal housing developments, the Country Profiles on Housing and Land Managementinitiative in some countries in Europe and the CIS develops practical country-specificpolicy guidance and recommendations based on the unique context and needs of individualmember states. The Profiles involve the main stakeholders of the national housing andland management sector in the country and are based on a thorough assessment of thehousing and urban planning situation. The Country Profiles have often provided thebasis for national legislation and reforms in the housing sector and have provided thebackground and rationale for many programs responding to local needs.3. Lack of adequate incentives to conserve environmental resourcesEconomics teaches us that people are driven by incentives. Providing communities andother stakeholders with incentives to protect biodiversity and other environmentalresources can be an effective, and often low-cost, mechanism that can acceleratedevelopment.The amendment of laws to transfer ownership of trees to farmers in Niger gave10 MDG Good Practices
communities incentives to protect forests, to monitor illegal activity, and topursue legal action against poachers. Consequently, reforestation has occurredsimultaneously with rapid population growth in Niger and gains have been highlysustainable. Increased access to forest resources has also improved household incomeand food security.Costa Rica’s Forestry Law 7575 recognizes that environmental services provided byprivate land are public goods and provides the legal and regulatory basis to contractwith landowners for the environmental services supplied by their land. As a result, thelaw provides financial incentives for private landowners to conserve environmentalresources that deliver a public benefit. Four environmental services recognized bythe law include: a) mitigation of GHG emissions; b) hydrological services, includingthe provision of water for human consumption, irrigation and energy production;c) biodiversity conservation; and d) provision of scenic beauty for recreation andeco-tourism. The program has reduced deforestation, particularly in areas wherebiodiversity is a priority.4. Limited access to low-cost appropriate technologies and innovative solutionsIntroducing low-cost, appropriate technologies that can be produced by the local privatesector can increase access to adequate sanitation, potable water and energy-efficientproducts. The potential for self-replication and the ability of market forces to expand theproduction and sale of technologies contributing to MDG 7 achievement are key factorsto consider when choosing solutions to promote.China’s Energy Conservation and GHG Emissions Reduction in Township and VillageEnterprises (TVEs) – Phase II focused on reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions inbrick, cement, metal casting and cooking TVE sectors. The TVE project was designed toremove key market, policy, technological, management and financial barriers to induce amarket transformation supportive of the development and uptake of key energy efficienttechnologies and products in these four TVE sectors. The eight pilot-demonstrationPhoto: UNDP/CWI TanzaniaLufumbu village traditional water source before the community water initiative in TanzaniaMDG Good Practices 11
Page 1 and 2: Photo: UN Photo/Ky ChungCHAPTER 4MD
Page 4 and 5: Table of ContentsAcronyms and Abbre
Page 6 and 7: Acronyms and AbbreviationsACWUA- Ar
Page 8 and 9: Introduction and Analysis of MDG 7
Page 12 and 13: projects led to GHG savings of 193,
Page 17 and 18: • Institutionalize an effective m
Page 19 and 20: sustainable sources of finance for
Page 21: from an average of 3 to 4 hours per
Page 24 and 25: Background Information:Rwanda’s
Page 26 and 27: iodiversity. The project, which ran
Page 28 and 29: • A fuller transfer of decision-m
Page 30 and 31: Costa Rica undertook one of the fir
Page 32 and 33: • Simple, fair and transparent el
Page 34 and 35: Key Elements of Success:• Innovat
Page 36 and 37: eplanted into the fields. Growers a
Page 38 and 39: Implementation Partners:The Nigeria
Page 40 and 41: is causing serious problems in down
Page 42 and 43: population of one million, for exam
Page 44 and 45: • Continued guidance from the Glo
Page 46 and 47: establishing the Concession Unit to
Page 48 and 49: • Support to the expansion of loc
Page 50 and 51: • Resistance to change has to be
Page 52 and 53: Conservation activities focused on
Page 54 and 55: lands for livestock, an attractive
Page 56 and 57: stakeholders including the local co
Page 58 and 59: • A strong documentary platform c
Page 60 and 61:
conservation, an attitude that requ
Page 62 and 63:
Background Information:The overall
Page 64 and 65:
• Information campaigns to raise
Page 66 and 67:
community support, as it offers adv
Page 68 and 69:
ownership.• Schools and communiti
Page 70 and 71:
four years) is required for the cap
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Lessons Learned:• Using a partici
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from Government sources. The respon
Page 76 and 77:
maintain with limited but feasible
Page 78 and 79:
• The district expects to roll ou
Page 80 and 81:
The Nile countries urgently need tr
Page 82 and 83:
Background Information:The water se
Page 84 and 85:
• Community members mobilized res
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housing and land, and the promotion
Page 88 and 89:
Background Information:Approximatel
Page 90 and 91:
characterize all urban poor settlem
Page 92:
The UNDG Policy Networkfor MD/MDGs
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