Habitat Conservation Plan Habitat Conservation Plan for the Town ...

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2 Habitat Conservation PlanSection 2: Wetland Conservation in Newfoundland andLabradorIntroductionHuman development has resulted in the destruction of many types of habitat all over theworld. Wetlands are among the areas most critically affected by this development andare, in fact, one of the most sensitive ecosystems on the planet. Wetlands are uniqueecosystems that often occur at the edge of aquatic (water, fresh or salty) or terrestrial(upland) systems. They may be wet year-round, wet during certain seasons, or wetduring part of the day. In general, “wetland” refers to land that has the water table at,near, or above the land’s surface and refers to land which is saturated for a long enoughperiod to promote wetland processes. In addition to bogs and swamps, wetlands includetidal marshes, forested wetlands, fens, estuaries and shallow open water (at a depth lessthan two meters). Healthy wetlands and associated uplands contain fresh, brackish or saltwater and are some of the most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems on earth.Wetlands play a major role in the status of continental ecosystem health, as well asregional and local ecosystem health. Wetlands serve as important buffers to flooding,function as enormous sinks for carbon and as natural reservoirs for the holding, purifyingand recharging of water resources. From an economic stance, wetlands are associatedwith a range of values from recreational and subsistence opportunities for hunting,fishing, trapping for food and fur, the gathering of fruit and berries and for non-extractiveactivities like wildlife viewing, ecotourism, paddling sports and hiking. Wetlands alsoprovide for the seasonal resource requirements of many waterfowl species and serve asimportant habitat for waterfowl throughout breeding, feeding, staging and over-wintering.All migratory waterfowl, many other migratory birds and half of all threatened andendangered species depend on wetlands and associated upland habitat for their existence.The number and diversity of North America’s wildlife species has been declining overthe latter half of the twentieth century. At least a portion of this decline can be directlyattributed to the loss of natural habitats to urban, industrial and agricultural expansion.Wetlands have historically been among those areas most critically impacted by humandevelopment. Today, wetlands around the globe and within Newfoundland and Labradorare being looked at as viable options for development by a variety of industries andnatural resource based sectors, as technological advances make the alteration of wetlandsa reality. Canada, the United States and Mexico have signed the North AmericanWaterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), thereby committing themselves to a long-termprogram of partnership projects aimed at assuring the survival and increase of waterfowlpopulations and protecting the wetland habitat on which their survival depends. A totalof 21 joint ventures, ranging from species to regional-specificity, have been established toachieve and implement the objectives of the NAWMP. The province of Newfoundlandand Labrador, through the provincial Wildlife Division, became a partner of the EasternHabitat Joint Venture (EHJV) in 1989.
Habitat Conservation Plan 3Eastern Habitat Joint VentureThe premise behind the EHJV is to conserve, enhance and restore wetlands for waterfowlin the six eastern Canadian provinces including Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, NovaScotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. Each province deals withwetland and waterfowl issues slightly differently, depending on the unique requirementsof each province and individual habitat concerns. Each provincial program, coordinatedby a separate program manager, involves the cooperation of international partners,including government agencies and non-government groups, each working to forwardspecific goals and objectives of the NAWMP. In Newfoundland and Labrador theprogram is administered through the provincial Wildlife Division of the Department ofEnvironment and Conservation. Its local contributors, other than the province, includeDucks Unlimited Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Nature Conservancy of Canada andWildlife Habitat Canada. While each province may function independently, the EasternHabitat Joint Venture works towards attaining common goals of influencing wetlandhabitat quality and quantity in Eastern Canada through conservation, enhancement and/orrestoration initiatives.NL EHJV Wetland Stewardship ProgramWetlands have historically been affected by heavy development pressure. InNewfoundland and Labrador development pressure occurs regularly and most oftenwithin municipal boundaries. As such, wetlands that exist within municipal boundariesare often at the greatest risk of destruction or alteration and often in greatest need ofconservation and/or management. The Wetland Stewardship Program is perhaps themost successful program of the Eastern Habitat Joint Venture in Newfoundland andLabrador. Its principle goal is to help make municipalities, corporations, developers,landowners and other wetland habitat stakeholders more aware of the value of wetlandswithin their jurisdiction and to empower them to take action to conserve these areas. Thisleads to more informed development decision-making and works towards minimizingnegative impacts on wetland areas and local ecosystems as a whole.The program focuses largely upon signing Wetland Stewardship Agreements withmunicipalities, corporations and individual landowners who own or manage significantwetland habitat. A Wetland Stewardship Agreement represents a formal publiccommitment by a community, corporation, individual and the province, to act together toconserve wetlands for waterfowl. By signing a Wetland Stewardship Agreement,communities, corporations and individuals become an important link in a continentalchain of conservation areas. To date eighteen municipalities in the province have signedWetland Stewardship Agreements including Bay Roberts, Carmanville, Channel – PortAux Basques, Come By Chance, Gambo, Gander, Grand Falls-Windsor, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Hawke’s Bay, Labrador City, Spaniard’s Bay, Springdale, St. John’s,Stephenville Crossing, Torbay, Wabush, Whitbourne, and Winterland. Corporateagreements have also been signed and include the Iron Ore Company of Canada andCorner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited. In addition, private landowners in several of the
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