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JULYMR. SCHWAB'S VIEWS ONGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPSCRIBNER'SMAGAZINE-IllustratedARTICLES ON QUESTIONS OF THE DAYCrushing the German Advance in AmericanIndustry A. M I T C H E L L P A L M E R nAttorney General of the U. S.The Berlin to Bagdad Line JOHN H. FINLEY 68Government Ownership and Individual Enterprise—The Views of Charles M. Schwab . . D O N A L D W I L H E L M 99A Recruit for Law and Order—An incident of theChildren's Court FRANKLIN C H A S E HOYT 115PERSONAL AND TRAVEL ARTICLES AND SKETCHESIn Morocco—Rabat and Sale. The first of four papers.EDITH WHARTON 1The Arctic HospitalA(ttm^ HUDSON S T U C K 37Archdeacon of the YukonWith the Rainbow Division on the Ourcq— |).Leaves from the Sketch-book of . C H A R L E S BASKERVILLE, JR. 45Lieut, of the 166th Infantry, 42d DivisionA Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney _Jl_.-W/7 . ISOBEL FIELD 86Four Dog Pictures. Paintings by . . . GEORGE FORD MORRIS 102Swordfishing . ^ H O R A C E W I N S T O N S T O K E S 106SHORT STORIESDead Men's Shoes^Wl G O R D O N H A L L G E R O U L D 25The Hunting of Bud Howland . . . . C A L V I N H. L U T H E R 49Mr. Boyle . . M A R Y R. S. A N D R E W S 54The Making of William Simms D A N A B U R N E T 77POEMSPoetry . . G R A C E DENIO LITCHFIELD 67The Vestment Maker T H E D A K E N Y O N 98Conquest M A R G A R E T S H E R W O O D 114DEPARTMENTSThe Point of View. The Retort Prophylactic—Conscience and the Subconscious—TheAmateur Chessman . . 121The Field of Art. The Devasted Art of France—I A. KINGSLEY PORTER 125The Financial Situation. The Terms of PeaceALEXANDER DANA N O Y E S 129Overseas Trade. Some Thoughts on Resumption of Trade with RussiaW. C. HUNTINGTON 13135 cents a copy $4.00 a yearCHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS NEW YORKCHARUS 5CtlB-.ro .PRESIDENTAtTML'B It 9CIIINLR TRE^iUWlBCKARUS SCRlflNCRJR' SEC OITAP-Y597-599 FIFTH /AT.NEW YORK-CONSTABLE & COMPANYLIMITEDLONDON

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CONTENTSSCRIBNER'SMAGAZINEVOLUME LXVI JULY-DECEMBER, 1919PAGEALGY ALLEN'S CELADON. (A STORY) ELIZABETH PARKER SMITH, 684Illustrations by Wallace Morgan.AMATEUR, CHESSMAN, THE. Point of View 123AMERICAN INVASION OF LYONS, T H E BENJAMIN BROOKS, . . . 605Illustrations from photographs. Capt., Engineers, U. S. A.AMERICAN PORTRAITURE, DANA H. CARROLL, . . . 511I Mr. Boyle • . 54ANDREWS, MARY R. S. The Swallow 153( The Oldest Angel (POEM) 559ANNE THINKS IT OVER. (A STORY) SARAH REDINGTON, . . . 592Illustrations by R. F. Tandler.APPLE BUTTER. Point of View . 637APPRECIATION OF THE POETRY OF EDWIN ARLING­TON ROBINSON, AN. Point of View 763ARCTIC HOSPITAL, THE HUDSON STUCK, . . . 3 7Illustrations from photographs.Archdeacon of the Yukon.ARMISTICE DAYS IN PARIS MARY KING WADDINGTON, . 314f See Reflections of a Retired Airman,S e e T h eAVTATIONThrills of Flying,AV1A11UJNS e g v s N a y yTransatlantic Flight,[ See Watching the Fighting from an Aeroplane.BARBADOS.See The Success of the.BASKERVILLE, JR., CHARLES. With the Rainbow Divisionon the Ourcq 45BEING A MAN. (A STORY) EDNA MARY BOOTH, . . 208Illustrations by Arthur G. Dove.BERGER, W. M. Making a Great Statue 424BERLIN TO BAGDAD LINE, THE, JOHN H. FINLEY, . . . 68Illustrations from photographs by the Author.BISHOP, JOSEPH BUCKLIN. Theodore Roosevelt and HisTime 257, 385, 515, 650BOOTH, EDNA MARY. Being a Man 208BORNEO.See Lumholtz, Carl.BRITISH INDUSTRIAL CRISIS, THE J. LAURENCE LAUGHLIN, . 165BROOKS, BENJAMIN. The American Invasion of Lyons 605f The Talisman 297BROWN, KATHARINE HOLLAND \ The Very Anxious[ Mother 749BROWNINGS.See Talfourd, The Artist of the.BURNET, DANA. The Making of William Simms 77BURROUGHS, JOHN. Notes of a Naturalist 696

ivCONTENTSBURT, MAXWELL STRUTHERS. When His Ships CameIn 721CALL OF THE GODS, THE. (A STORY) STUART RIVERS 346Illustrations by George Wright.CARROLL, DANA H. American Portraiture 511CARLSEN, EMIL ELIOT CLARK 767CASE OF MACINTYRE, THE. (A STORY) Louis DODGE 539Illustrations by Wilson C. Dexter.CHAMBERLIN, JOSEPH EDGAR. The Love of Little Trees 752CHILDREN'S COURT.See A Recruit for Law and Order.CHURCH, F. S. The Extremists 214CLARK, ELIOT. Emit Carlsen 767CONSCIENCE AND THE SUBCONSCIOUS. Point ofView 122CURTISS, PHILIP. The Fakir 367DEAD MEN'S SHOES. (A STORY) GORDON HALL GEROULD, . 25Illustrations by James Montgomery Flagg.D E MAN, HENRY. European Unrest and the Returned Soldier432DENISON, KATHARINE. My Father 757DERBY, RICHARD. " Wade in. Sanitary I " 341PAGEHeads on the Mountain 308Sunset 577DESMOND, SHAWDEVASTATED ART OF FRANCE, THE A. KINGSLEY PORTER, . 125, 253Illustrated with photographs.DODGE, LOUIS. The Case of Maclntyre 539DOG PICTURES, FOUR GEORGE FORD MORRIS, . 102DRUMS. (A STORY) MARGARET ADELAIDE WIL-Drawings by W. E. Hill. SON 702DUCK SHOOTING. Leaves from the Sketch-Book of, . . . HARRY L. JOHNSON, . . . 535EATON, J. E. Watching the Fighting from an Aeroplane, 229EDGELOW, THOMAS. The Enchantment of Youth 739ENCHANTMENT OF YOUTH. THE. (A STORY), . . THOMAS EDGELOW, . . . 739Illustrations by Reginald Birch.EUROPEAN UNREST AND THE RETURNED SOL­DIER HENRY DE MAN, . . . 432EXPECTATIONS. (A STORY) JOHN GALSWORTHY, . . . 643Illustrations by H. J. Mowat.EXPERTS, THE. (A STORY) FRED C. SMALE 624Illustrations by Walter Tittle.EXTREMISTS, THE. (A STORY) F. S. CHURCH 214Illustrations by the Author.FACES IN FICTION. Point of View, . 248FAKIR. THE. (A STORY) PHILIP CURTISS 367Illustration by Frank Snapp.FEZ, EDITH WHARTON, . . . 324Illustrations from photographs.FIELD, ISOBEL. A Theatrical Boarding-IIouse in Sydney 86FIELD OF ART, THE.American Portraiture (Dana H. Carroll) 511Carlsen, Emil (Eliot Clark). Illustrated 767For Better Illustration (N. C. Wyeth). Illustrated 638France, The Devastated Art of (A. Kingsley Porter).Illustrated 125, 253Talfourd—The Artist of the Brownings (Eliza L.Johnston). Illustrated, 381FIELD OF SHADOWS, THE. (A STORY) FRED C. SMALE 237Illustrations by H. J. Mowat.FINLEY, JOHN H. The Berlin to Bagdad Line 68

CONTENTSvPAGEFOR BETTER ILLUSTRATION N C WYETH 638Illustrated by the Author.FORD, HENRY JONES. The Success of the Barbados 560FOUR DOG PICTURES. Paintings by GEORGE FORD MORRIS. . 102FOX, JOHN, THOMAS NELSON PAGE, . 674With a portrait.FRANCE, THE DEVASTATED ART OF A. KINGSLEY PORTER, . 125, 253Illustrated with photographs.FRIEND OF MINE, A. Point of View7 6 6GALSWORTHY, JOHN ( £ a ',5"! 9 ,? ( L a r g e 19 »FRANCE, THE REMAKING OF, RAYMOND RECOULY,(Capt. X.). . 219\ Expectations 643GERMAN ADVANCE IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY,CRUSHING THE A. MITCHELL PALMER, . . 17Attorney General of theU. S. (formerly Alien PropertyCustodian).GEROULD, GORDON HALL. Dead Men's Shoes 25GEROULD, KATHARINE F. Habakkuk 547GOLDEN FRUIT. (A STORY) CALVIN H. LUTHER, . . 185Illustration by Frank Tenney Johnson.GOODLOE, A. CARTER. The Return of the Monks 460GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP AND INDIVIDUAL EN­TERPRISE DONALD WILHELM, . . . 99The Views of Charles M. Schwab.Illustration from a photograph.GRANT, ROBERT. Marriage and Divorce 193"GREAT-HEART." See Roosevelt.GREAT NATIVE FESTIVAL IN CENTRAL BORNEO, A. CARL LUMHOLTZ, . . . 449Illustrations from photographs by the Author.GUERIN DECORATIONS FOR THE LINCOLN ME­MORIAL, 416HABAKKUK. (A STORY), KATHARINE F. GEROULD, . 547HARGER, CHARLES MOREAU. The Romance of the OilFields, 616HEAD-HUNTERS OF BORNEO, THE CARL LUMHOLTZ, . . . 276Illustrations from photographs by the Author.HEADS ON THE MOUNTAIN, THE. (A STORY), . . SHAW DESMOND, . . . 30SHILL-TOWN OF OLD CASTILE, A ERNEST C. PEIXOTTO, . . 360Illustrations by the Author. Capt., U. S. A.HOME AND THE GLUE POT. Point of View 379HOWE, M. A. DEWOLFE. Talks with Four Monarchs 287HOYT, FRANKLIN CHASE. A Recruit for Law and Order 115HUNTING OF BUD HOWLAND, THE. (A STORY). . . CALVIN H. LUTHER, . . 49Illustrations by Frank Tenney Johnson.IMAGE, THE. (A STORY) E. H. SOTHERN 147Illustrations by W. M . Berger.INSTINCTS AND BUSINESS EDGAR JAMES SWIFT, . . 584Author of "Psychologyand the Day's Work."JOHNSON, HARRY L. Duck Shooting 535JOHNSTON, ELIZA L. Talfourd—the Artist of the Brownings,381LAUGHLIN. J. LAURENCE. The British Industrial Crisis 165LINCOLN MEMORIAL, THE 415THE GUERIN DECORATIONS—How THEY WEREDONE, JESSE LYNCH WILLIAMS, . 416Illustrations from the Decoration by Jules Guerin reproducedin color and from photographs.MAKING A GREAT STATUE—How FRENCH'S LIN­COLN WAS PUT INTO MARBLE W. M. BERGER, . . . 424Illustrations by Mr. Berger.^

viCONTENTSPAGELINCOLN MEMORIAL. (POEM) STEPHEN BERRIEN STANTON. 431LLOYDS ON LOST WORDS. Point of View 764LOVE OF LITTLE TREES, THE JOSEPH EDGAR CHAMBER­LAIN, 752f The Head-Hunters of Borneo 276LUMHOLTZ, CARL A Great Native Festival in Central[ Borneo 449T TT r rTTi?"R njviv / The Hunting Of Bud Howlund 49LUTHER, CAVIN {Golden Fruit, 185LYONS. See The American Invasion of.MAKING OP WILLIAM SIMMS, THE.Illustrations by C. D- Williams.(A STORY), . . DANA BURNET . . . . 77MARRAKECH EDITH WHARTON, . . . 473Illustrations from photographs.MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE, ROBERT GRANT 193MATTER OF SENTIMENT, A. (A STORY) LAWRENCE PERRY, . . . 438Illustration by W. J. Enright.MEYER, GEORGE VON LENGERKE. See Talks withFour Monarchs.MOROCCO, IN EDITH WHARTON.Illustrations from photographs.RABAT AND SALE, . 1VOLUBILIS, MOULAY IDRISS AND MEKNEZ 131FEZ 324MARRAKECH 473MORRIS, GEORGE FORD. Four Dog Pictures by 102MR. BOYLE. (A STORY) MARY R. S. ANDREWS, . . 54Illustration (Frontispiece) by Alonzo lCimball.MY FATHER. (A STORY) KATHARINE DENISON, . . 757NATURALIST, NOTES OF A JOHN BURROUGHS, . . . 696NAVY, U. S. See Reuterdahl, Henry.NEW MEASURE OF DEVOTION, A. Point of View 251OIL-FIELDS. See The Romance of the.ONE HUNDRED YEARS TOO SOON.Illustrations by O. F. Howard.(A STORY), . . HARRIET WELLES, . . . 663ON THEORY IN SCIENCE AND IN LIFE ROBERT GIBBES THOMAS, . 734OUR OWN SAMPLE ROOMS. Point of View 250PAGE, THOMAS NELSON JOHN Fox 674PALMER, A. MITCHELL. Crushing the German Advance inAmerican Industry 17PARTHENON FREEZE, THE. (A STORY) SARAH REDINOTON, . . . 171Illustrations by W. E. Hill.PEIXOTTO, ERNEST C. A Hill-Town of Old Castile 360PERRY, LAWRENCE. A Matter of Sentiment 438POINT OF VIEW, THE.Amateur Chessman, The, 123. Our Own Sample Rooms, 250.Apple Butter, 637. Politico-Kenetic Stability, 634.Appreciation of the Poetry of Edwin Ar- Reflections of a Retired Airman, The, 507.lington Robinson, An, 763. Retort Prophylactic, The, 121.Conscience and the Subconscious, 122. Samplers Seriatim, 249.Faces in Fiction, 248. Some By-Products of Research, 635.Friend of Mine, A, 766. Thrills of Flying, The, 508.Home and the Glue-Pot, 379. Twins and their Burdens, 509.Lloyd's on Lost Words, 764. Where are the Radicals of Yesterday? 378.New Measure of Devotion, A, 251.POLITICO-KINETIC STABILITY. Point of View. . , 634PORTER, A. KINGSLEY. The Devastated Art of France 125,253RABAT AND SALE EDITH WHARTON, . . . 1Illustrations from photographs.Rainbow Division. See With the.RECOULY, RAYMOND. The Remaking of France, 219RECRUIT FOR LAW AND ORDER, A FRANKLIN CHASE HOYT, . 115An Incident of the Children's Court.T.r.i-.T-NT/-.rri/-vTvT aA-DA-o- I The Parthenon Freeze 171REDINGTON, SARAH {A n m T h i n k s I t 0ver, 592REFLECTIONS OF A RETIRED AIRMAN, THE. Pointof View 507

CONTENTSviiREMAKING OF FRANCE, THE RAYMOND RECOULY, . . 219(Capt. X.)RESEARCH, SOME BY-PRODUCTS OF. Point of View 63.5RETORT PROPHYLACTIC, THE. Point of View 121RETURN OF THE MONKS, THE. (A STORY),Illustration by H. J. Mowat.. . . A. CARTER GOODLOE, . . 460REUTERDAHL, HENRY. The U. S. Navy TransatlanticFlight 499RIVERS, STUART. The Call of the Gods 346ROBINSON, EDWIN ARLINGTON. See An Appreciation of.ROMANCE OF A PRACTISING PH.D., THE. (A STORY), ROBERT RUDDIllustrations by George Van Werveke.WHITING, . 487ROMANCE OF THE OIL-FIELDS, THE CHARLES MOREAU HARGER, 016Illustrations from photographs.ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL PARK.The Plans for the Great 409ROOSEVELT, THEODORE: AND HIS TIME—SHOWNIN HIS OWN LETTERS. Edited by . . . . JOSEPH BUCKLIN BISHOP, .I. Roosevelt—Peacemaker 257II. Roosevelt and Trevelyan 385III. Roosevelt and the War with Spain, 515IV. "Great-Heart," 515SAMPLERS SERIATIM. Point of View, 249SCHWAB, CHARLES M . See Government Ownership, etc.SCIENCE AND IN LIFE. See On Theory in.OA/TAT i? wcwn n I T h e Field of Shadows 237SMALE, FRED C. •(T h e E x p e r t s 6 2 4SMITH, ELIZABETH PARKER. Algy Allen's Celadon 684SOTHERN, E. H. The Image 147SOUTH, IRA. Poems by a Young Soldier Who Died in Camp, 574SPAIN, ROOSEVELT AND THE WAR WITH. See Roosevelt.STOKES, HORACE WINSTON. Swordflshing 106STUCK, HUDSON. The Arctic Hospital 37SUCCESS OF BARBADOS, THE HENRY JONES FORD, . . 560Illustrations from photographs. Prof. of Politics inPrinceton.SUNRISE, BARRETT WENDELL, . 467SUNSET. (A STORY) SHAW DESMOND, . . . 577Illustration by Oliver Kemp.SWALLOW, THE. (A STORY) MARY R. S. ANDREWS, . . 153Illustration by N. C. Wyeth.SWIFT, EDGAR JAMES. Instincts and Business 584SWORDFISHING HORACE WINSTON STOKES, . 106Illustrations from photographs by the Author.TALFOURD—THE ARTIST OF THE BROWNINGS,Illustrated with portraits.. ELIZA L. JOHNSTON, . . 381TALISMAN, THE. (A STORY) K A T H A R I N E H O L L A N DIllustrations by Thomas Hunt. BROWN, . . . . . . 297TALKING AT LARGE . JOHN GALSWORTHY, . . 198TALKS WITH FOUR MONARCHS—PASSAGES FROMTHE DIARY OF GEO. VON LENGERKE MEYER, 287Edited by M. A. DeWolfe Howe.With Illustrations.THEATRICAL BOARDING-HOUSE IN SYDNEY, A, . ISOBEL FIELD 86THOMAS, ROBERT GIBBES. On Theory in Science and inLife 734THRILLS OF FLYING, THE. Point of View 508TREVELYAN, SIR GEORGE OTTO. See Roosevelt.TWINS AND THEIR BURDEN. Point of View 509U. S. NAVY TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHT, THE, . . . HENRY REUTEHDAHL, . . 499Sketches and Notes. U. S. N. R.VERY ANXIOUS MOTHER, THE. (A STORY), . . . K A T H A R I N E H O L L A N DBROWN 749VOLUBILIS, MOULAY IDRISS AND MEKNEZ, . . . EDITH WHARTON, . . . 131Illustrations from photographs.PAGE

viiiCONTENTSPAGEWADDINGTON, MARY KING. Armistice Days in Paris 314"WADE IN, SANITARY! "—THE STORY OP A DIVISIONSURGEON IN FRANCE RICHARD DERBY, . . . 341Lt.-Col., M. C. U. S. A.,Second Division.WATCHING THE FIGHTING FROM AN AEROPLANE. J. E. EATON 229Illustrations from photographs by the Author. 2d Lieut. Air Service.WELLES, HARRIET. One Hundred Years Too Soon . 663WENDELL, BARRETT. Sunrise 467WHARTON, EDITH. In Morocco 1, 131, 324, 473WHEN HIS SHIPS CAME IN. (A STORY) MAXWELL STRUTHERS BURT, 721Illustration by Elenore Plaisted Abbott.Author of "John O'May,"etc.WHERE ARE THE RADICALS OF YESTERDAY? Pointof View, . 378WHITING, ROBERT RUDD. The Romance of a PractisingPh.D 487WILHELM, DONALD. Government Ownership and IndividualEnterprise 99WILLIAMS, JESSE LYNCH. The Guerin Decorations for theLincoln Memorial 416WILSON, MARGARET ADELAIDE. Drums 702WITH THE RAINBOW DIVISION ON THE OURCQ—LEAVES FROM THE SKETCH-BOOK OF, . CHARLES BASKERVILLE, JR. 45Lieut, of the 166th Inft.42d Division.WYETH, N. C. For Better Illustration 638P O E T R YPAGECONQUEST MARGARET SHERWOOD, . . 114DAY AND NIGHT SARA TEABDALE, . . . 714EYLESBARROW, ON EDEN PHILLPOTTS, . . . 534Illustrations by Victor Perard after sketches by theAuthor.FINALE DANFORD BARNEY, . . . 715FOG, . . . JOHN REED 228FRIMAIRE AMY LOWELL 192GYPSY GIRL, THE ISABEL WESTCOTT HARPER, 591HOSTS OF MARY, THE THEODOSIA GARRISON, . . 720HUMAN JOHN HALL WHEELOCK, . 236LINCOLN MEMORIAL STEPHEN BERRIEN STANTON. 431MY FRIEND PETE LEBEAUX FRANK B. LINDERMAN, . . 170MYSTERY, THE, . . . • TERTIUS VAN DYKE, . . 719NATIVITY, THE, . . EDITH DICKINS 713With a drawing by C. Bosseron Chambers.OLDEST ANGEL, THE MARY R. S. ANDREWS, . . 559PICTURE OF OLD AGE, A JOHN FINLEY 413Illustrated from photograph by the Author.PIONEERS BADGER CLARK 733POEMS BY IRA SOUTH 574POET AND CHILD ADA FOSTER MURRAY, . . 718POETRY, GRACE DENIO LITCHFIELD, . 67PORTRAIT OF A LADY SARAH N. CLEGHORN, . . 306With Decorations by Katharine S. Dodge.RESURGAM MAXWELL STRUTHERS BURT, 129SACRIFICE, THE, . . MARGARET E. SANGSTER;Drawing by F. Walter Taylor. Jr 716TRANSMUTATION LESLIE NELSON JENNINGS, . 359VEILED MOONLIGHT CHARLOTTE WILSON, . . 649VESTMENT MAKER, THE THEDA KENYON, . . . 98WAITING ROSINA H. EMMET, . . . 472

Vol. LXVI. No. 1 J U L Y 1919SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINECONTENTS" DO Y'R SHTEP F'R FREEDOM,"FrontispieceFrom a drawing by Alonzo Kimb; to illustrate " Mr.Boyle."IN MOROCCO—RABAT AND SALE Edith Wharton .The first of four papers.Illustrations from photographs.CRUSHING THE GERMAN ADVANCE IN AMER­ICAN INDUSTRY A. Mitchell Palmer . 17Attorney General of the U. S. (formerlyAlien Property Custodian).DEAD MEN'S SHOES. A Story Gordon Hall GerouldIllustrations by James Montgomery Flagg.THE ARCTIC HOSPITAL Hudson Stuck .Illustrations from photographs.Archdeacon of the Yukon.37WITH THE RAINBOW DIVISION ON THE OURCQ —LEAVES FROM THE SKETCH-BOOK OFTHE HUNTING OF BUD HOWLAND. A Story .Illustration by Frank Tenney Johnson.Charles Baskerville, Jr., 45Lieut, of the 166th Inft. 42c! Div.Calvin H. Luther . . 49MR. BOYLE. A StoryMary R. S. Andrews . . 54Illustration (frontispiece) by Alonzo Kimball.POETRY. QuatrainGrace Denio Litchfield . 67THE BERLIN TO BAGDAD LINEJohn H. Finley . . . 68Illustrations from photographs by the Author.THE MAKING OF WILLIAM SIMMS. A Story . Dana Burnet . . . 77Illustrations by C. D. Williams.A THEATRICAL BOARDING-HOUSE IN SYDNEYIsobel Field . . . . 86THE VESTMENT MAKER. PoemTheda Kenyon . . . 98GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPENTERPRISEAND INDIVIDUALDonald Wilhelm . . . 99THE VIEWS OF CHARLES M. SCHWAB.Illustration from a photograph.FOUR DOG PICTURES. Paintings by . . . George Ford MorrisI02SWORDFISHINGHorace Winston Stokes 106Illustrations from photographs by the Author.CONQUEST. PoemMargaret Sherwood114A RECRUIT FOR LAW AND ORDER—AN INCIDENT OFTHE CHILDREN'S COURT , Franklin Chase Hoyt .USPresiding Justice of the Children'sCourt of New York City.THE POINT OF VIEW—The Retort Prophylactic—Conscience and the Subconscious—The Amateur Chessman . . . . .121THE FIELD OF ART—The Devastated Art of France—I A. Kingsley Porter . . 125Illustrated with photographs.Special Commissioner of the FrenchGovernment.THE FINANCIAL SITUATION—The Terms of Peace . Alexander Dana Noyes . 129OVERSEAS TRADE—Some Thoughts on Resumption ofTrade With Russia W. C. Huntington . . 131(Undivided Mortgage Loans, by Horace B. Mitchell, Adv. page 77.)Commercial Attache, in charge RussianDivision. U. S. Departmemtof Commerce.PUBLISHED MONTHLY. PRICE. 35 CENTS A NUMBER; $4.00 A YEARCopyright, 1919, by Charles Scribner's Sons. All rights reserved. Entered as Second-Class Matter December 2, 1886, at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Entered as Second-Class Matterat the Post-Office Department, Ottawa, Canada.

The Thirtieth Fiction NumberScribner's for AUGUSTShort Stories:MARY RAYMOND SHIPMAN ANDREWS—"The Swallow," a story of aFrench-Canadian guide who received an unexpected honor. With frontispiecein tint by Wveth.E. H. SOTHERN—"The Image," the story of a soldier who was an actor in thePassion Play.SARAH REDINGTON—"The Parthenon Freeze," an amusing tale of a universitytown and an ice-cream parlor. With pictures by W. E. Hill.CALVIN H. LUTHER—"GoldenFruit," the story of a fruit ranch.F. S. CHURCH—"The Extremists," a fantasy by this popular artist, with hisown pictures.EDNA MARY BOOTH—" Being a Man," a tale of a belated love-affair.FRED C. SMALE—"The Field of Shadows," a strange romantic story by anEnglish author who recently died.Special Articles:MRS. WHARTON continues her unusual journey in Morocco to strange places where shewitnesses ceremonies not before viewed by an American author. She was received bygreat chiefs and viewed monuments which even few French officials have been allowed toenter.JOHN GALSWORTHY, in " Talking at Large,'" shows the psychological effect on thepresent generation of writers and artists of the dramatic experiences through which the worldhas recently passed.PROFESSOR J. LAURENCE LAUGHLIN pictures "The British Industrial Crisis"from recent direct observations. He draws a picture which in part confirms Frank A. Vanderlip'ssensational speech.CAPTAIN RAYMOND RECOULY (Captain "X"), one of the best-posted men inFrance, now released from military service and on the staff of the Figaro, summarizes theabsolute needs for France if she is to be restored to former life—and the part America musttake in it.ROBERT GRANT contributes new light on "Marriageof probate.and Divorce" as seen by a judgeLIEUTENANT JOSEPH E. EATON gives a few brief pictures of "Watching theFighting from an Aeroplane"—different from other narratives in the account of low-flyingfights with men in the trenches_.A FOREIGN TRADE article by Merton Emerson Burke on Italian Trade; TheFinancial Situation, by Alexander Dana Noyes; The Point of View; and The Field of Art;also poems by Amy Lowell and others.

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SCRIBNER'SReg. V. S.Patent Off.Fifth Avenue SectionTHEARTSMetropolitan Museum. Central Park at 82d Street:Loan Exhibition of Tapestry and Lace of the Seventeenth and EighteenthCenturies, Second Floor. Gallery 6—to October 31.Exhibition of the Etchings by Seymour Haden in the Harris BrisbaneDick Collection, Wing J. Rooms 8 to 10—during the Summer.Exhibition of Drawings, Second Floor, Gallery 25—to September 15.New York Public Library. Fifth Avenue at 42d Street:Annual Show of Prints Newly Acquired—Summer Exhibition.Print Gallery (Room 321): Drawings from the J. Picrpont MorganCollection.Stuart Gallery (316): Recent Additions to the Print Collection."The Making of Prints." Illustrated Books of Four Centuries.Room 112—to November 30.Buccini's Studio, 347 Fifth Avenue: An Exhibition of Decorative ArtScreens—to October 1.CALENDAR ofCURRENT ART EXHIBITIONS{Continued on page 5)The Folsom Galleries, 560 Fifth Avenue: Exhibition of American Paintingsby Henry G. Dearth, Willard L. Metcalf, Daniel Garber, GardenerSymons, and Others—during the Summer.Pen and Brush, 134 East 19th Street: Exhibition of Paintings by Members—throughoutthe Summer.Ehrich Galleries, 707 Fifth Avenue: Exhibition of Old Masters.Ferargil Galleries, 607 Fifth Avenue: Macdougal Alley Sculpture andAmerican Paintings—to July 1.Macbeth Gallery, 450 Fifth Avenue: Group of American Paintings—Summer Exhibition.National Arts Club, 15 Gramercy Park: Members Annual Sketch Exhibition—toOctober 1.Gorham Galleries, Fifth Avenue at 36th Street: American SculptureExhibit.Dawson9 East 56th Street(Bet. 5th and Madison Aves.)NEWYORKA very charmingOld English SilverCoffee Pot, madein London in 1736by Pere Pilleau.These Hall Marks appeaon the Coffee PotOLD ENGLISH AND FRENCH FURNITUREOLD ITALIAN FURNITURE AND TEXTILEST A P E S T R I E S *. W O R K S OF A K TANTIQUITIES INTERIOR DECORATIONBT APPOIHIMDfTTO INEiB M4jtSTi[SfHl NMt, MO OUtf*CRICHTON BROS, of LondonCOLDSMITHS andSILVERSMITHSIn Now York: 636, Fifth AvenueIn Chicago: 622, S. Michigan AvenueIn London: 22, Old Bond StroelEMiL FEFFERCORN126 and 128 East 28th StreetNEW YORK CITYAntique Furnitureof all descriptionsAlso Correct ReproductionsINTERIORTAPESTRIESNEEDLEPAINTINGWORKDECORATIONSDistinctive FurnitureUncommon FabricsanbEasterly Decorative Schemeshampton shopsfatinft St. P4

Xeg. U. S.Patent Otf.SCRIBNER'SFifth AVenue SectionTHEARTSLithographs preservein a remarkableway the qualityand erispness ofthe pencil line. Thisis a Childe Hassam.The subject, "TheColonial Church atGloucester. "11 x 14inches. It is $30.Published in 1815, engraved by B. Tanner, this fine old printis full uf interest. It depicts "Perry's Victory on Lake Erie."Think what one shot from one of our modern guns woulddo to these combined fleets! Size 24>£ x 19 inches.Charming little etchings of interestingbits of France such as this," The Canal at Bruges," can be obtainedfrom a certain Fifth Avenuehouse. This one is etched byDonald. 4x6 inches. $5.KEMT-COSTIKYAn4 fifth ave new yorkGORHAMGALLERIESSculptureTHE GORHAM COMPANYFifth Avenue at Thirty-Sixth StreetNew York CityCALENDAR ofCURRENT ARTEXHIBITIONS( Continued from j>agc j)Milch Galleries. 108 West 57thStreet: An Exhibition of the ChildeHassam Street Scenes and Flag Pictures—duringthe Summer.Kraushaar Galleries, 260 Fifth Avenue:Summer Exhibition of Paintingsand Prints.Arden Galleries, 559 Fifth Avenue:An Exhibition of Decorative Art—throughout the Summer.Montross Galleries. 550 Fifth Avenue:Paintings by American Artistsand Examples of Early Chinese Arton View during the Summer.Babcock Art Galleries. 19 East 49thStreet: A Group of Pictures by AmericanArtists—Summer Exhibition.Knoedler Art Galleries. 556 FifthAvenue: Summer Exhibition of Canvasesby American Artists.Art Alliance, 10 East 47th Street:Illustrations on View during July andAugust.{.Continued on page 6)Costikyan coRUGS12 East 40th StreetNew YorkHoward StudiosFRANCIS HOWARD,Pres.7 West 47th St.New York, U. S. A.Phone Bryant 491GARDEN ORNAMENTSOIL JARS FOUNTAINSMEMORIALSFAMOUS COLLECTIONSend 50 cents for Catalogue5

SCRIBNER/SFifth Axlenue SectionJ!esr. V. s.Patent Off.THEARTSCalendar of Current Art Exhibitions (Continuedfrom pagesiHoward Young Galleries. 620 Fifth Avenue: An Exhibition of AmericanPaintings—to July 15.Warwick House, 45 East 57th Street: Antique French Furniture andObjets d'Art of the Louis XV and XVI Periods.Dawson, 9 East 56th Street: An Exhibition of Fine Tapestries.Folsom Gallery. 560 Fifth Avenue: Landscapes by American Artists.P. W. French & Co., 6 East 56th Street: Eighteenth Century FrenchTapestries—Gobelins, Aubusson. and Beauvais Weaves.A.Kimbel&Son, ::i: 11 • n ii 111 ii 111 ,ii 111 in 1111111 n I ii :i. III ii 11SPECIALISTS INTHE CONCEPTIONA N D EXECUTIONOF DECORATIVEINTERIORS A N DFINE FURNITUREANTIQUE TAPESTRYPANELSAntique Empire clockof the period**We have many desirable specimensof Antique Petit Point chair coverings,Brocades and EmbroideriesParis, 16 Rue d'Artois—New York, 12 West 40th St.MacBrideJapanese Kimonos Made To Order ofOriental Silks in Marvelous Colorings"THE HOUSE OF THREE GABLES*3 E. 52D ST., N. Y. CFURNITUREand HANGINGSMANYIRON NOVELTIESDo not fail to visit the Silk Galleries ofY A M A N A K A & CO.680 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORKiBetween 53d & 54th Streets)BOSTON - OSAKA - PEKING - LONDON6

Reg. U. S.Patent Ujff.SCRIBNER'SFifth Atvenue SecttonA charming flower-holder of iridescent glass in a softspring green ($5.50) or dull frosted red ($2) on ablack glass stand. After the Chinese satsuma bowl.Height, 8 inches.A GROUPSPECIAL VALUESUNDER AND OVER FIVE DOLLARSTo purchase articles, see page 12The perforated top of thisflower-holder simplifiesarranging a few flowersartistically. Faience withflower decorations, 4inches high. $4/25.Bungalow set forbreakfast orluncbeon,of heavy Irish linen,cream color, scallopedin blue, green,brown, or white, 13pieces, $2.75.892— The hostess who owns a Magnolia RefreshmentSet finds it very useful as -well as good-looking. It isof'amberglass.ornamentedat basewith dark blue. Set,as shown, $30. Without iray t$22.50. Tray, atone, $10.r Ovington's you will find many• things designed to make your summerhome more livable and more lovable.And you may command us by mail withthe assurance that your order wil! receivethe same prompt attention thatdistinguishesour Fifth Avenue store.Catalog on requestOVINGTON'SThe Gift Shop of Fifth Avenue312-314 FIFTH AVE. NEW YORKAdmirable in value is thisfine all-linen huckaback towel,hemstitched,with damask borders,18 x 32 inches, $6.75a half dozen. With initialV/ 2inches high, $8.75 a halfdozen. A value difficult toduplicate.Small boxes everywoman loves. Thisof faience withbright decorationcan be used forstamps, lotions, orwhat-not. 2 inchesdiameter, $1.75.Madeira embroideredscarf for dresser orsideboard. Hand embroideredand scallopedon pure Irishlinen, 19x54 inches,$6.75.Fifth AvenueShopping ServiceUse the Fifth Avenue Section inScribner's Magazine as yourshop-window.Miss Virginia "Walton will buyanything you wish.Following is a letter she receivedrecently:" This is just a note to thank youfor all the trouble you took in locatingflowers, candy, boohs, etc.,for me a couple of months ago.ordered from the firms you recommendedand everything proved tobe highly satisfactory and the beston the market.I hope -when I amin New York to be able to expressmy appreciation personally.''IInquiries should be addressed toMISS VIRGINIA WALTONFifth Avenue Shopping Service ofSCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE597 Fifth Avenue, New York7

SCRIBNER'SFifth Avenue SectionRig. V. S.Patint Off.We offer for inspectionA SUPERBCOLLECTIONOF ANTIQUEMOSQUE RUGSin Ghiordes, Koula, Ferraghanand other weaves ofgreat interest to all loversof early Eastern Art.Also an assortment of Antique and Modern Oriental Carpetsunsurpassed in extent and merit, in a wide range of sizes.We are prepared to weave Rugs of any desired dimensions, indesigns and color effects planned to meet your special requirements.Weparticular needs.will be glad to advise you as to what we have for yourW.&. J. SLOANEDirect Importers of Eastern RugsInterior Decorators Floor Coverings and Fabrics Furniture MakersFIFTH AVENUE AND FORTY-SEVENTH STREET, NEW YORKWASHINGTON. D. C. , SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.8

Reg. V. S.Patent Off.SCRIBNERSFifth AtJenue SectionREPRODUCTIONS OF PECULIAR INTERESTWHICH MAY BE PURCHASED ALONG THE AVENUEVARIED types of interestingpieces —all made in thiscountry—are shownhere. The walnut cabinet,William and Mary reproduction,has great charmwith its slender yet sturdylines. It is equally suitedfor bits of colorful Spode,Chelsea, Waterford glass,or for books. Only eighteeninches wide, it can beused in odd corners orspaces which prove difficult to furnish. It is $350.Old needlework panels form the back and seat of thewalnut armchair. The frame itself is a reproduction, butit is put together withwooden pegs as theyused in that period andthe walnut used is old.Price, $300. In thesame illustration thewalnut - framed mirrorwith decorated top is4 feet 6 inches high,18 inches wide. A splendidvalue in a large mirrorfor $120.With the demand forFrench furniture thisfine reproduction ofLouis XV desk in theQuaint William and Mary cabinet, areproduction, and walnut chair withold needlework panels.Marquetry desk with sliding writingbedwith inset leather surface. A veryinteresting replica of Louis XV desk.Sconces such as these give great charmto a room. They are exact reproductionsof old Colonial side lights. Thedesign is painted on glass and finishedwith a dull brass rim around the shield.Suited for electricity. $38 each.centre photograph is of particular note. Themarquetry is beautifully done and themounts are interesting in design.Those who think fine pieces are not madein this country should see the cabinet whichis illustrated at the left. The firm whichmade this piece specializes in individualpieces built to fit the place and interior wherethey are to be used. This Louis XIV lacquercabinet shows Oriental influence.The addresses of shops where these may beseen will be sent on request. Miss Waltonwill be glad to purchase any of these pieces orfind any others which you wish. Address MissWalton, Fifth Avenue Shopping Service ofScribner's Magazine, 597 Fifth Avenue, NewYork City.a

SCRIBNER'St tj-th Avenue SectionGiddingReg. U. S.Patent Off5-AVE Ai4fcL H STPARISNEW YORK'THI PARIS SHOP OF AM(RICA"The Quest for BeautySUMMERCLOTHESends happily at Elizabeth Arden'sSalons. When you ask Miss Arden's aidin improving your appearance, you avail yourself ofth* services of the mcst successful specialist in the world,with the best scientific methods. If you cannot consultMiss Arden in person, write her for advice—youincur no obligation. Send for booklets about the ElizabethArden Home Course and the Arden VenetianPreparations, one of which is mentioned below.ARDEN PORE CREAM—An infallible remedyfor coarse pores and blackheads. Used nightly, it givesquick relief, making the skin smooth and dainty in casesthat seemed hopeless. $1.673 Fifth AvenueElizabeth Arden Suite 501, New YorkWASHINGTON, D. 0., 1147 Connecticut Ave.BOSTON, 192 I• •. i :i St NEWPORT, 184 Bellcvue Ave,The Country ClubSmart WomenFashionableRecreationLa BohemeARLYPARISSEND 254 TO VIVAUDOU. TIMES BUILDING NXFOR CENEROUS SAMPLE OF LA BOHEME PERFUMEAt All the Better Fifth Avenue Shops10

nReg. U. S.Patent OJf.SCRIBNER'SFifth Avenue SectionSPORTS THINGS FROM SEVEN SHOPSTo purchase any article shown, send check or money-order payable to Charles Scribner'sSons to Miss Walton of Scribner's Magazine, 597 Fifth Avenue. Miss Waltonwill gladly give addresses of shops if desired.Drawn by Rachel Taft DixonA new material, silk and linencombination, cool but muchlike cloth, is what one FifthAvenue tailor is using fur sportssuits with knickerbockers ortrousers. It keeps its shapeyet does not show stains ofperspiration as pongee, nordoes it crush. Do yon wonderit is in demand by discerningmen? Made to order, finelytailored, $65. In tweeds, $8.5.If you wish to spring somethingnew in swealers, do appearin this deep V surpliceslip-on sweater. The shortsash tying in the hack makesit unusually becoming. Gray,maize, reseda green, or blackshetland wool, hand finished,$13.75. The white silk poplinhat with straw faring is smartyet can be folded in a bag.Any color. $12.So appealing was this bathingsuitthat when our artist wassketching it, fresh from theworkroom, a customer insistedon whisking it away with her.In Muck, navy, or Copenhagentaffeta with crochet desiini onsash and skirt with corded folds.$39.50. All wool combination,$4.50. Cape of jersey in green,black, or navy, $29.50. Cap,$1.95. Satin shoes, $2.95.For mountain tramping, fishing,shooting, camping, riding,or for the farmerette (accordingto material), this threepiecesuit, coat, skirt, knickers,is very useful. Worn with orwithout skirt, with golf hose,spiral puttees ($5), or boots.In forestry cloth a twilled clothwhich will resist briars, $70;army khaki or blue denim.$28.50.There is a certain pride in having the right equipment. The ease belowgives comfort, too, for it is just the size to carry a change of clothes•and a racket. Used by many tournament players. Very light weight,of tan duek with pigskin handle and straps. $3.75.In answer to the insistentcall of women who playtennis comes this panamawith 1J 8-inch brim. Itwill not rub back of neck.New high square crown,pleated scarf any color.$15.Amazingly cool and lightyet very good looking isthis gentleman's hat ofpongee with Madagascarstraw underbrim andpongee scarf. $6.Soft toe made without stiffening,these elk oxfords with ballstrap and saddle of dark Russiaare very comfortable for sportswear. Rawhide strip in solemakes it waterproof. $11.Travel far as you will, canyou find as good" an allaroundgolf shoe for, for thatmatter, walking shoe) ? Tangrain, full brogue, broadtoe, English last. $15.

SCRIBNER'SPeg. V. S.Patent Ojf.Fifth AVenue SectionYOUMANS SailorsWrite forBooklet6-NColors:Brown,Qreen,Purple,Blue,White,Black,OldBlue,Red,Silver581 Fifth Avenue at 47th St.DANERSK DECORATIVEFURNITUREThe furnishinga very personalof a room ismatter.Beautiful pieces of the past weremade fur the family tliat uideredthem—there were nu "stuck sets."The DANERSK method is identicalwith that of the past. Wefashion our furniture from rarewoods and finish in the mannerprescribed by the purchaser fureach room. We are organized togive quick deliveries. Beautifulschemes have been worked out byus for almost all the imported fabricsavailable td-day. Make yourselection and we will finish it asa unified set.Sendfor Valuable Catalog" T-y"ERSKINE-DAN FORTH CORPORATION2 West 47th St., New York First door west of Fifth Avenue, 4th floorShop ThroughScribner's MagazineMiss Walton of the Fifth Avenue Sectionof Scribner's will purchase anything youwish.Let her do your tramping through theshops. She knows the shops and willget the utmost value for you. No purchaseis too small.To Purchase Any ArticleFill in the coupon below (if desired) enclosewith check, payable to CharlesScribner's Sons, and mail to Miss VirginiaWalton, Scribner's Magazine, 597Fifth Avenue, New York City.BookletsStraight from Fifth AvenueThe following Fifth Avenue shops and galleriesare recommended to Scnbner readers. Informationon any of the subjects listed may be obtainedfrom the various firms. Many of thempublish interesting and instructive booklets andcirculars. Write direct to houses or to MissWalton, of Scribner's Magazine, checking the subjectsdesired.MISS WALTON, FIFTH AVENUE SHOPPING- SERVICESCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE, 597 Fifth Avenue, New YorkWill you kindly purchase for me the following articles? I enclosea check payable to Charles Scribner's Sons to cover their cost.Please send me the addresses of the shops where the followingarticles can be obtained.Please send literature on subjects checked.I enclose stamped envelope for reply.Articles.C R A N E CO.NEW- YORK EXHIBIT ROOMS. 23 WEST 44TH STREET22 WEST 45TH STREETObjects of ArtAntique Tapestry Panels, Brocades and Embroideries: A. Kimbells!Son, 12 West 40th Street.Sculpture by American Artists: Gorham Galleries, Fifth Avenueat 361A Street.Old English Furniture, Needlework, and Tapestries: Dawson, 9East 561A Street.Antique French Furniture: Warwick House, 45 East $yth Street.Old English Silver—The History of "Hall-Marks": CrichtonBros., 636 Fifth Avenue.For the HouseChinese Rugs in any Required Size: W. y /. Shane, Fifth Avenue,at 47th Street.Italian Furniture and Decorations: MacBride, 3 East 52nd Street.Oriental and European Rugs: Kent-Costikyan Co., 4S5 Fifth Ave.Ancient and Modern Rugs: Costikyan y Co., 12 East 40th Street.Danersk Decorative Furniture: (Booklet T-5), Erskine-Danforth,2 West 47th Street.Furniture of Character: Hampton Shops, 18 East 50th Street.Antique Furniture and Correct Reproductions: Emit Fcffercorntif Co., 126 East zSth Street.The Gift Book: Ovington's, 312 Fifth Avenue.Memorials and Garden Ornaments: Howard Studios, 7 West47th Street.Suggestions for Bath Rooms: Crane Co., 23 West 44th Street.Size (if garment)Name.Street.City..Shown on page..State.12ClothesSmart Clothes: Gidding fif Co., 568 Fifth Avenue.Sports and Street Hats for Women: (Booklet 4-7'), Youmans,581 Fifth Avenue.Oriental Silks and Kimonos: Yamanaka Ejf Co., 6S0 Fifth Avenue.Preparations Which Make for Beauty: Elizabeth Arden, 673 FifthAvenue.

SendtheSamplerand wina smile !$1-25 the poundat our agenciesnearly everywhere—usually the leadingdruggist.STEPHEN F. WHITMAN & SON , Inc., Philadelphia, U. S. A.Makers of Whitman'sInstantaneous Chocolate, Cocoa and JAarshmaHow Whip13

MAGAZINENOTESEDITH WHARTON needs no introductionto Scribner readers. It will interestthem to know, however, that herseries of articles on Morocco are the resultof a journey made there at the invitationof Governor-General Lyautey, and thatshe travelled constantly in a motor suppliedby the Military Department.A. MITCHELL PALMER, now Attorney-Generalof the United States, duringthe war held the most importantposition of Alien Property Custodian.GORDON HALL GEROULD has butrecently left the army and resumed hiswork as professor at Princeton University.HUDSON STUCK is known everywhereas the Archdeacon of the Yukon.He has travelled thousands of miles onsledges through the Alaskan country andis a noted mountain-climber. He is theauthor of "Voyages on the Yukon andits Tributaries," "Ten Thousand Mileswith a Dog-Sled," and "The Ascent ofDenali (Mt. McKinley)."LIEUTENANT CHARLES BASKER-VILLE, JR. was a member of the 166thInfantry of the 42c! Division. He isthe son of the noted chemist, ProfessorCharles Baskerville, of the College of theCity of New York.CALVIN H. LUTHER is a businessman who has found time to write a numberof admirable short stories, one of which,"The Wings of the Morning," will be recalledby the readers of this Magazine.MARY RAYMOND SHIPMAN AN­DREWS is the author of "The PerfectTribute," and many widely known storiesthat have appeared in this Magazine.She is the wife of Judge Andrews, of Syracuse,a member of the Court of Appeals.GRACE DENIO LITCHFIELD hasbeen long known as a poet and writer ofstories.JOHN H. FINLEY is president of theUniversity of the State of New York andone of the most widely known educatorsin the country. His book recently published,"A Pilgrim in Palestine," is meetingwith fine success.DANA BURNET is a widely knownnewspaper man and poet and writer ofpopular short stories.ISOBEL FIELD is the daughter ofMrs. Robert Louis Stevenson and actedas Mr. Stevenson's amanuensis, in hislater writing aiding him greatly when helived at Vailima.THEDA KENYON is a relative of thelate Kenyon Cox, the distinguished Americanpainter.DONALD WILHELM is a journalistof national reputation and a personalfriend of Mr. Schwab, whose views hegives. He is the author of a number ofvolumes, including one on "TheodoreRoosevelt as the Undergraduate."GEORGE FORD MORRIS is a wellknownpainter whose specialty for a numberof years has been portraits of famoushorses and other animals.HORACE WINSTON STOKES is theson of the well-known publisher, FrederickA. Stokes. He went to France aLieutenant with the Rainbow Division,spent some time in a German prison, beingcaptured in battle and came back withthe 77th Division.MARGARET SHERWOOD is professorof English literature in WellesleyCollege, and is known everywhere for herverses and for her short stories.FRANKLIN CHASE HOYT is thepresiding justice of the Children's Courtin New York City.A. KINGSLEY PORTER is a professorof art in Yale University, and one of themost scholarly and authoritative writerson European architecture and art.DR. W. C. HUNTINGTON was commercialattache to our embassy at Petrograd,and is now with the Departmentof Commerce.14

BOOKNOTESConference of Czecho-Slovak SoldiersFrom " Trailing the Bolsheviki.'' by Carl W. AckermanNo visitor to our shores has shown abetter understanding of Americancharacter and ideals than has John Galsworthy.Perhaps the Atlantic Monthly hasbest expressed the debt we Americans owehim for his searching yet kindly criticismand suggestion when it said: ''We mustlisten to Mr. Galsworthy. If the future ofthe world depends upon understanding betweenmen and nations, we have reasonto be thankful for his peculiar gift of sympatheticinsight; he lives always in theHouse of the Interpreter." Mr. Galsworthy'scollected "American Addresses,"delivered in various parts of this countryduring the past spring, will be publishedthis summer by Charles Scribner's Sons.AT a dinner at the Metropolitan Clubin New York the other evening ProfessorNitobe, of the Imperial Universityin Tokyo, referred to the recently publishedvolume on "The Mastery of the Far East,"by Arthur Judson Brown, in the mostlaudatory terms in the course of his addressand stated that he and Baron Goto, formerMinister of Foreign Affairs in the ImperialCabinet, who was also present at the dinner,were each buying several copies of thebook to send back to Japan.THE clash between the faith and idealsof the older generation and theyounger, a perennial struggle rendered particularlyacute by the war, is the theme ofJohn Galsworthy's important new novel,"Saint's Progress." The following passagefrom the book presents one of the chiefstorm-centres in the story:" 'God's mercy is infinite, and you knowit is.'"Laird looked at Gratian before he answered:" 'God's mercy is exactly the amount ofmercy man has succeeded in arriving at.How much that is, this war tells you. Ichallenge you, sir, to show me where there'sany sign of altruistic pity, except in man.'" 'My dear George, is not man the highestwork of God, and mercy the highestquality in man?'" 'Not a bit. If geological time be takenas twenty-four hours, man's existence onearth so far equals just two seconds of it;after a few more seconds, when man hasbeen frozen off the earth, geological timewill stretch for as long again, before theearth bumps into something, and becomesnebula once more. God's hands haven'tbeen particularly full, sir, have they—twoseconds out of twenty-four hours—if manis His pet concern? And as to mercy beingthe highest quality in man, that's onlya modern fashion of talking. Man's highestquality is the sense of proportion, forthat's what keeps him alive; and mercy,logically pursued, would kill him off. It'sonly a by-product, or perhaps a disease.' "15

BOOKNOTESUNUSUAL interest attaches to the factthat President Wilson found time, inthe midst of the press of official business inParis, to read the "Diary of James Gallatin."Gallatin, it will be recalled, acted assecretary to his father, "the great peacemaker," who went abroad one hundredyears ago to conclude theWarofi8i2. NodoubtthePresident read with thek eenest sympathy the passagesdescribing the nearlysingle-handed struggleof Gallatin "under thegreatest difficulties (particularlywith his own colleagues)"that finallyresulted in the signing ofthe Treaty of Ghent.LIEUTENANT DEMAN, the well-knownBelgian labor leader,author of "The Remakingof a Mind," just publishedby the Scribners,is now in this country.During the war Lieutenantde Man won both theBelgian War Cross andthe British Military Cross.His book is a brilliantstudy of the great reconstruction societyfaces as a result of the war.Major Charles J. RiddleAuthor of "The Way of the Eagle'which only the dead girl could have beenacquainted. In Mrs. Clifford's novel it is ayoung English girl of twenty-six who isdominated by the personality of a youngwife and mother who has died. It is neveropenly declared that this transference ofpersonality takes place, yet, as the LondonObserver says: "It is thisvery reticence that makesthe idea tell. You get preciselytheatmosphere thatimpels you to believe inthe artistic suggestionhere and there as the bookdevelops. A heavier positivismwould have crushedit."NE of the most winningpictures we haveyet seen of the fine spiritof our young Americanairmen in France is presentedin Major Charles J.Biddle's informal lettersjust published under thetitle "The Way of theEagle." There shinesthroughout these pagesdescribing the comradeship,daring, and achievementof these air fightersthe qualities one likes to think of as mosttypically American.MRS. W. K. CLIFFORD'S exquisitenew novel of English life, "Miss Fingal,"is stirring up a pretty tempest in England.The story turns on the psychic problemof the reincarnation of personality.Sir Frederic Pollock is said to "snort andscoff" at the idea, while such men as SirSidney Colvin, W. P. Ker, Maurice Hewlett,Charles Whibley, and Percy Lubbockare most enthusiastic about the book, andSir Charles Walston has sent an article onit to the Nineteenth Century. There is anhistorically famous case of this reincarnationof personality on record: in this casea young girl showed herself at various timesdominated by a strange personality whichwas finally identified as that of another girlof similar age who had died some years previous;she showed the most startling recollection,when so dominated, of things withHE problem of legal aid for the poor,the subject of "Justice and the Poor"by Reginald Heber Smith of the BostonBar, just published by the Scribners for theCarnegie Foundation for the Advancementof Teaching, will be one of the chief problemsbefore the annual convention of theAmerican Bar Association early in the fall.N UNUSUAL tribute was paid to the- practical value of John Roscoe Turner'snew "Introduction to Economics" theother day when one of the printers in thecomposing-room at the Scribner Press calledup the publishers to tell them that hehad been reading parts of the book as heworked over the forms and that it is "agreat book." The publishers expect thebook to win a wide hearing among businessmen as well as among students.16

" Wells at his best — exciting and thrilling throughout"H. G. WellyTHEUNDYINGFIRE" 'The Undying Fire,' coming at this hour, is probably Mr. Wells' greatest publicservice as well as one of his finest books. . . . It will reach tens of thousands ofreaders."—N. Y. Sun. $1.50.New Novels for Summer DaysFROM FATHER TO SONMary S. Waffs' New Novel.A singularly fine story of a young man and theproblem he faces on discovering the source ofhis father's fortune. Ready July I.THE GAY-DOMBEYSA Novel by Sir Harry Johnston.H. G. Wells in his preface to "The Gay-Dombeys" writes: "Here is sheer fun for its ownsake ... a real story, warm (and sometimeshot) with passionate feeling." $1.75.THE HOME AND THE WORLDSir Rabindranath Tagore's Novel.This first novel by the great Indian poet is awork of compelling beauty. The glamour ofthe East moves like a subtle presence throughits pages and the story is told with deep poeticfeeling. $1.75.JINNY, THE CARRIERIsrael Zangwill's New Novel.Here at last, after many years, is a new Zangwillnovel—a story full of romance and charm,depicting English life in the leisurely Victorianyears. Ready July I.Timely New BooksTHE GERMAN EMPIRE1867-1914By William Harlutt Dawson.A brilliant history for those who wish to formtheir opinions independently and intelligentlyon adequate information. 2 vols. Ready July I.JAPAN AND WORLD PEACEBy K. K. Kawakami.A book of the utmost importance to Americanswho would understand the future policy ofJapan and her probable relations with theUnited States. $1.50.WHAT HAPPENED TOEUROPEBy Frank A. Vanderlip.Here the former President of the National CityBank tells the truth about the financial and industrialsituation of Europe. This highly interestingbook is the result of Mr. Vanderlip'srecent trip abroad. What he writes is of deepimportance to every thinking American. $1.25.NEW VOICESBy Marguerite Wilkinson.A critical and friendly introduction to contemporarypoetry which discusses the work of livingEnglish and American poets and quotes andanalyzes nearly two hundred poems. ReadyJuly I.MARYOLIVIERMayNewSinclair'sNoVelThe story of a woman's life, her thoughts, sensations and emotions directly presentedwithout artificial narration or analysis. May Sinclair has here written a most unusualand original novel, both in its method and content. It is a boot that will stirwide comment. Ready July i.THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK17

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONSRETAIL DEPARTMENTNEW, OLD, AND RARE BOOKS"Books for Summer readingTHE Retail Department of Charles Scribner's Sons isprepared to send to all country residents the newestand best fiction and the latest works of more seriousinterest. They would direct special attention to ProfessorHazen's" Fifty Years of Europe: 1870-1919," which continueshis valuable and popular "Europe Since 1815"; "The WarRomance of the Salvation Army," by Commander Booth,which records the wonderful work of this organization in thewar; while a delightful book of reminiscences by Gerald Cumberlandis entitled "Set Down in Malice."Among the best works of fiction are: "Dangerous Days,"by Mary Roberts Rinehart; "Blind Alley," by W. L. George;"The Arrow of Gold," by Joseph Conrad; and "The JervaiseComedy," by J. D. Beresford.From Paris there has newly arrived Henry Bordeaux's"Sur le Rhin"; "Le Reve de Suzy," by Henri Ardel; "LeVillage," by Henri Bachelin; and a new novel by Leon Daudet,"Dans la lumiere."Mail and telephone orders receive special attentionCHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, Booksellers597-599 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY18

The two outstanding literaryevents of the summerI Underwood Or UnderwoodNew fiction byJohnGalsworthyand Henryvan DykeIPirit MacDonaldSaint'sProgressMR. GALSWORTHY presentsin this fine flowering of geniusa story that touches all of us,a story of the gulf between the generations—oflove and the loss of old-timefaith.The scene is England, the awakenedEngland of these days, and the storycentres about a single family: EdwardPierson, the fine old vicar, and his twodaughters. From the difficult loveaffairof the one daughter and the discoveryby the vicar that his religion isan impossible thing of the past to hisother daughter arise a sequence of intenselydramatic events leading to amost significant culmination.$i.GoThe Valleyof VisionHE eloquent testimony in fictionform of a great American whohas come through the furnace ofwar with a message that may not beignored.A message contained in a book ofromances, fables, allegories, of penetratinginsight which the critic of theNew York Tribune has aptly describedas "filled with exquisite imagery andinstinct throughout with an exaltedspirituality which seems a part of, andnot apart from, daily human life.""It is gratifying, in this epoch ofoverwhelming war-book literature, tofind a collection of this kind; somethingreally worth reading and uplifting incharacter," says the New York EveningSun.Charles ScribnersSons19

Notable Fiction — Summer 1919Democracy. By Shaw DesmondA first novel by a brilliant young Irishman dealing with the laborstruggle of the hour in England, tense throughout with the energyof massed humanity in action. Those familiar with the leading figuresin English political and labor circles will recognize a number ofwell-known personalities, often but thinly disguised, in these pages.$l.6oRosy. By Louis DodgeYou'll not soon forget the picture of this mountain heroine in the door of hercabin, a shot-gun across her knees, defying the search-party."He is be­"Mr. Dodge has 'done it again,' " says the New York Evening Sun.coming a personage in our American world of letters.""Without doubt the best story this author has done," says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. "A novelist to be taken seriously."—New York Globe. $1.60MisS Fingal.By Mrs. W. K. CliffordA psychic novel that is stirring up a pretty storm in England: Sir FredericPollock is said to "snort and scoff" at it, while Sir Sidney Colvin, W. P. Ker, MauriceHewlett, Charles Whibley, Percy Lubbock, and others are most enthusiastic aboutit, and Sir Charles Walston has sent an article on it to the Nineteenth Century.It is an exquisitely wrought story of English life involving the problem of the reincarnationof personality after death. Into the colorless being of Aline Fingal comethe love and warmth of personality of a young wife and mother who has died—andwith the most subtle and surprising results. $1.50Judith of Blue Lake RanchBy Jackson GregoryA Western story with a cowboy heroine worth knowing. A Chattanoogaminister writes us: "I have told my secretary not to begin iton Saturday for she would surely break Sunday finishing it."Illustrated. #1.50The Romantic Liar.By Lawrence PerryIt couldn't have happened, you say ? But it does, and goes right on happen-.ng until Trent has to pave the whole rough road that never did run smooth withstepping-stones of falsehood. A gay novel with never a frown in it. £1.50Rusty Miller.By Joslyn GrayAnother popular novel for girls by the author of "Kathleen's Probation" and"Elsie Marley, Honey." Illustrated. $1.35Charles Scribner's SonsFifth AVenue at 48th Street, New YorK.20

The Book of the National P a r k sBy Robert Sterling YardIt's vacation time in our great national parks—from Lafayette Park in Maineto the Yosemite in California. Here is an invaluable book for tourist, motorist, orcamper—not a mere sentimental appreciation of the parks, but a fascinating presentationof their historical and scientific, as well as their scenic, features by an enthusiasticoutdoors man and official in the Department of the Interior. Illus. $3.00Trailing the BolshevikiBy Carl W.CorrespondentAckermanfor the New York TimesA vivid panorama of Bolshevism inaction in city and countryside based onmany months' study in the course of12,000 miles of travel through BolshevistSiberia. The book is written thatpeople may have before them the evidencesof what Bolshevism is. $2.00A Pilgrim in PalestineBy JohnFinleyRed Cross Commissioner to PalestineA record of days and nights afoot inthe Holy Land, full of the dramatic contrastsof the vivid present against thebackground of the age-old past. "Theseexquisite sketches," comments one critic,"are the finest things of their kind thelast decade has produced." Illus. $2.00The Mastery of the F a r EastBy Arthur Judson BrownA new book of the first importance on the Far Eastern situation. Political, racial,social, religious difficulties—the problems that underlie the present wide-spread unrestin Korea, China, and Japan—are discussed with great completeness. Professor Nitobe,of the Japanese Imperial University, and Baron Goto, former Minister of ForeignAffairs, now in this country, have each bought several copies to send back to Japan." Readers who have learned to expect violent partisanship from almost any writer on FarEastern affairs will be delighted by the impartiality and good judgment which pervade this entirebook," says the critic of the New York Times in the course of a three-column review. Illus. $6.00C h a r t e r S c r i b n e r ' f S o n fFifth AVenue at 48th Street, ffetv york21

The best of the summers non-fictionThe War and "ReconstructionThe Way of the Eagle. By Major Charles J. BiddleGraphic letters from an American aviator presenting a remarkable picture of the epic ofour American air fighters in France. Illustrated. #2.50The Remaking of a Mind.Lieutenant in the Belgian ArmyA brilliant interpretation of the great reconstruction in terms of the reconstruction the warhas wrought in the ideas and ideals of this prominent young Belgian labor leader. One of themost thought-provoking books that have come out of the war.£i-75Three Aspects of the Russian Revolution. VanderveldeA thoughtful, first-hand study of the political, military, and industrial aspects of the revolutionby the well-known Belgian Socialist leader, who had unusual opportunities to study thesituation at first hand.#l-75The Soul of the "C.R.B." By Mme. M. SaintReneTaillandierMadame Taillandicr presents in moving and loftily poetic French prose and with a wealthof first-hand incidents a fascinating picture of the work of the Belgian Relief Commission inthe invaded portions of France.In pressThe Hapsburg Monarchy. By Henry Wickham SteedA revised edition of this standard work on the Austrian monarchy. #3-5°Problems of the Peace. By William Harbut DawsonA new edition of this important work, containing timely matter on the future of Alsace-Lorraine, the Polish problem, the race problem in Austria-Hungary, the southern Slavs, theGerman colonies, and the organization of peace. $3.00SociologyThe Land and the Soldier. By Frederic C. HoweA carefully worked out and readable plan for the American co-operative farm colony of tomorrowalong Danish lines and possessing the social advantages of English garden villages. #1.35Justice and the Poor. By Reginald Heber SmithA study of the present denial of justice to the poor and of the progress of legal-aid work inthe United States. Published under the auspices of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancementof Teaching. $1.50Money and Prices. By J. Laurence LaughlinAn interpretation of the problem of money and prices and their regulation by means ofactual chapters from our economic history between 1850 and 1919. #2.5.0"BiographyPrime Ministers and Some Others. %'tRZeU* 0 * 8 *Reminiscences of no less than seven prime ministers, from Lord Palmerston to HenryCampbell-Bannerman. $4.00The Life of Benvenuto Cellini. John Addington SymondsA reissue of this classic biography. With mezzotint portrait and 16 reproductions., $2-5°

— there are booKs here that bvill interest you"Beltls-LettresAlice Sit-by-the-Fire. By J. M. BarrieBarrie's delightful drama of the invincibly youthful Alice. #1.00Service and Sacrifice. By Corinne Roosevelt RobinsonA new volume of poems by the sister of Colonel Roosevelt, who, according to ProfessorPhelps of Yale, writes "from a full mind and a full heart." "A volume of distinctive soundness,"says the Boston Transcript. $1-50Old and New Masters. By Robert LyndLiterary criticism by a well-known English critic, including Dostoevsky, Kipling, Mascfield,Conrad, Tchekov, Chesterton, Belloc, Shaw, Hardy, Wordsworth, Keats, Browning, andmany others. #3-5°The Women Novelists. By R. Brimley JohnsonReaders of this suggestive book will turn with fresh interest to their Jane Austen, GeorgeEliot, Charlotte Bronte, Fanny Burney, and the other notable women novelists of their period.Commemoration of the Centenary of theBirth of James Russell LowellA commemorative volume containing the complete record of the Lowell centenary celebrationin February, including the addresses of John Galsworthy, Stephen Leacock, and others.SongS and Poems. By John Jay Chapman"Polished craftsmanship and virile and colorful imagery are the chief characteristics ofthe poems in this compact and admirable volume." says the Literary Digest in the course of afull-page review. #1.00MiscellaneousThe Soul of Denmark. By Shaw Desmond"Being an Irishman, he writes entertainingly, at times brilliantly. He holds forth on business,education, politics, religion, women, literature, and morals."—New York Evening Post. #3.00Athletes All. By Walter CampA book for boys, scoutmasters, and others interested in athletics. In the light of his experienceas athletic director in the training-camps, Mr. Camp explains the elements of training andthe games that have proved most successful in the camps. Illustrated. $1.50A History of Everyday Things in EnglandBy M. and C. H. B. QuennellA history of English manners, occupations, and amusements from 1066 to 1499. A suggestivesource-book for art students and designers. Illustrated. #4.00"ReligionHistory of Religions. By George Foote MooreAn important study of the closely related religions—Judaism, Christianity and Mohammedanism—by the Professor of the History of Religions at Harvard. $3.00Mind and Conduct. By Henry Rutgers MarshallStudies in consciousness and behavior, the self, creativeness and ideals, hedonism and otherproblems.#'-75C h a r l e s S c r i b n e r ' s S o n sFifth AVenue at 4-8th Street,New yorK_23

A new volume byRudyard Kiplingin the sumptuous OUTWARD BOUND EDITIONThe Years BetweenPoems from HistoryAbout this bookAbout this editionHE first volume of poems fromMr. Kipling in sixteen years.1 he publication of this new volumeof Rudyard Kipling's verse,"according to Brander Matthews," is the most important literaryhappening in this nineteenth yearof this twentieth century." In additionto the poems in "The YearsBetween" — including such celebratedand hitherto uncollectedpoems as "The Sons of Martha"and "The Female of the Species"—there are included in this editionthe " Poems from History," neverobtainable in separate form andnot included in the trade editionof " The Years Between."This volume constitutes, in short,"A supremely welcome return ofthe uncrowned laureate to his bestestate."—N. Y. Tribune.Sold only to SubscriberspREPARED under Mr. Kipling'spersonal supervision, the OutwardBound Edition of the Works ofRudyard Kipling is universally recognizedas the library editionwithout equal." It is everything that a collected libraryedition of an author shouldbe," according to the N. Y. Tribune."The edition has all the merits wecommonly do not associate with'subscription books,' 1 ' commentsthe Nation. "A very handsome andlegible letter-press is printed on aspecially made paper; the binding issimple and elegant. Quite unique,apart from the portrait frontispiece,are the illustrations. They arenot only in perfect, keeping, butthey are admirable in themselves,whether as characterization, symbolism,or pure decoration."If you are a subscriber to theOutwardBound Edition, and have not received yourcopy of this new volume, please drop the publishersa card requesting that it be sent.If you are not a subscriber, the publisherswill be pleased to send you full informationabout the Outward Bound Edition andthe other sets in the Scribner Library of ModernAuthors.KIPLING—Outward Bound EditionKICHAKD HARDING DAVIS — CrossroadsEditionHOPKINSON SMITH —Beacon EditionPARKMAN — Frontenac EditionTHACKERAY — Kensington EditionSTEVENSON — Thistle EditionThe Scribner Library of ModernI AMES — New York EditionDICKENS—Tavistock EditionM KKEUITH — Memorial EditionBARRIE —Thistle EditionTOLSTOI — International EditionTuHGENlEFF — International EditionIBSEN — Viking EditionCHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 597 Fifth Avenue, New YorkPlease send me special offer on authors checked aboveAuthorsGILBERT PARKER — imperial EditionPOE — Stedman-U uodberry EditionFIELD —Sabine EditionRILEY — Homestead EditionMITCHELL—Edi^ewood EditionPAGE — Plantation EditionName...Address.24

SIMSU.S.N.iT WAS SIMS who, under the guise of a landsman,investigated the situation and reportedthe Allies helpless against the German submarines—thatthe war would end about November 1st,1917—and end with a German Victory.From a probability of overwhelming defeat to thecertainty of overwhelming victory—an accomplishmentof less than six months—is a chapter of glorywritten indelibly into the history of the war andis the result of pooling the finest naval brains andnautical skill of the British and American Navies.Besides the decisive and critical submarine period, Admiral Sims will tell ofthe British Fleet and about the North Sea Mine Barrages which made clear the pathbetween England and the mainland.Sims always has his "say" regardless of the consequences. The account willinclude the plans which made it possible to attack, by mammoth naval guns, theGerman lines north of Verdun—and how the convoy system ferried 2,000,000 Americantroops safely to France.ROOSEVELT, his opinions and political movesThe inside story of the Progressive Party. How his break with Taft cameabout and his relation with other Republican leaders, together with memoranda inhis own handwriting in which is disclosed the reason for Taft's nomination. This isone of the big articles of the year. Begins in the July issue.Start Your Subscription NOWIt insures you of good reading for twelve months.Tear out the coupon and mail it to-day. Yearly subscription$4.00, or on the newsstands 35c the copy.THE WORLD'S WORKDoubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, N. Y.T H E WORLD'S W O R KDoubleday, Page & Co.GARDEN CITY, NEW YORKGentlemen:Send me The World's Workfor one year. I enclose $4.00.NameAddress25

Put yourBoys PictureHere!The biggest thing in the world hascome to your boy. He has suffered andworked for the common good. He hasfaced death—and worse. And now youcan have for him a permanent memorialof his tremendous experiences.This has been his war—the war ofthe boys. And so, in this, the greatesthistory—the one lasting imperishablehistory of the great war—we have reserveda place for your boy. Here is theway of it:You know that Frank H. Simonds is theone great Historian of the World War—that his is the one History that will last forall time, and so for his History we have hadspecially made a Service Record Sheet, beautifullydesigned and embossed on Japanpaper, with a space for your boy's photograph,and spaces for his whole servicerecord.You can therefore combine in this one Historytwo splendid achievements—the greatestHistory of the World's greatest War, andyour boy's personal share in that War.F r a n k H .S i m o n d s 'H i s t o r y o f5 Large Volumes—Size 10i4"x7i4"xl%"—1000 IllustrationsOnce in a generation, perhaps, there appears one man with aRift for writing history so that all men, all women, all childrenlike to read it. Such were Macaulay and Greene—such werePrescott and Gibbon—gTeat of vision, brilliant of style, with agenius for facts and a genius for telling.Frank H. Simonds is this generation's Prescott, this war'sMacaulay. From the day when this man burst liko a flame uponthe people of the city of New York with his prophecy of the greatwar to this day, when ho is welcomed by Allied statesmen andgenerals, his fame has spread about the world.These Men Helped to Write This Historyknow beat. Thoro are hundreds of these contributors. One-thirdof the whole history is written by them—the other two-thirds byFrank II. Simonds.Admiral Sir John JellicoeGen. Jan Christian SmutsCapt. Ian Hay BclthCol. Winston ChurchillSurgeon-General GorgasPremier Borden of CanadaRear Admiral Wm. S. SimsGeneral John J. PershingRudyard KiplingHenry MorgenthauLord NorthcllffePremier Hughes of AustraliaNo wonder then that those closest tn the War have been eagv. tohelp Simonds with contributi ons. Those who really know someindividual part of the great conflict have written of what they26

Roosevelt said-"Nn oilier man in this or any other cnuntrycan quite parallel the work that Mr.Simonds has done. It is hard to say whatmost to admire; the really extraordinarygrasp of the essential facts of the warwhich is shown, or the transparent clearnesswith which the facts are broughtout; or the entire fairness and impartialityof the conclusions."Lloyd George says-"This 'History' will constitute a most valuabletreatise for those who at this or anyfuture time wish to consult, an independentauthority on the cause of this titanicstruggle."Cardinal Gibbons says—"I feel sure the work of Mr. Simonds willprove a valuable contribution (o the literatureof the World War. The volume inhand makes easy, pleasant and interestingreading."Lord Northcliffe says—"Mr. Simonds has been right about the warmure often than any of the many who haveendeavored to forecast the future of thiscomplicated catastrophe, and I say withadmiration that I do not know of a betterguide to the war than Mr. Frank H.Simonds."Simonds* I)e- icoratedbythe 'FrenchGovernmentThe French Governmenthas conferredupon Simondsalone ofall the Historiansof the GreatWar, the Crossof the Chevalierof the Legion ofHonor. IThe French Governmentdoes notbestow its honorslightly—for 40years there wasno Marshal of France, because noman had shown himself worthy ofthat high honor, so when it selectsSimonds from all the ITistnria-ns ofthe World War to receive the Crossof the Chevalier of the Legion ofHonor you can be sure that his is aHistory that will endure for all time.Y a l e UniversityStudies this H i s t o r yYale University has ordered 400 copies of selected chapters fromSimonds' History to be used as a text-book in its History classes.The British Government has had his articles reprinted and distributedbroadcast. Leading papers all over the world have beenquoting him as the one greatest authority on the War for four years.At the height of the Battle of Verdun, President Poincaire himselfgave Simonds permission to go to the battlefront.Price G o e s U p A g a i nThe price of paper went so high last Springthat we had to raise the price of these books.Fortunately, we secured one big lot of paperat a comparatively reasonable figure, so wehad to add only one payment to the price ofthe books.So long as this paper (enough for one edition)lasts, you can have your set of Simonds'History at the present low price, but paper isstill higher now, cloth is higher, and this is thelast edition we shall be able to make at thepresent low price.So send the coupon now—at once—for yourset on approval and the Service Record FREE.t h e W o r l d W a rMany of the war maps were drawn by Mr. Simonds himself. The illustrations are printed on special paper insertedfor the purpose. Many of them are entirely Hew to the eyes of readers, bavins; been obtained by the arteditor of the History from out of the hundreds of thousandsthat have been taken in this war—these are pictures 'you really want to keep—that really illustrate the story. /y_Revlew of Reviews Co.,30 Irving PI., New York.y Please send me, all charges pre-' raid, the first tlm-e volumes of the/ "History of the World War" by/ Frank H. Simonds and other famouscontributors. If not satisfactory I will/ return them in five days, otherwise I will/ remit $1.50 a month for 13 months In returnI am to receive the other volumes (mak-Review ofReviews30 IrvingPlaceMT v • ' 6 a t , , t a l "f Ave) of this history as soon islnIX ew I ork / they are released from the press. The set willcontain the complete History of this World War/ from beginning to end. Sci-ib. 7-19.^ NAME/ ADDRESS* OCCUPATION" ?? 1 Mr r ?' 1.00 in fl ceiai/3 and i'l.DO a month jar thirteen montht27

For Summer ReadingWhat could be better than a Three Months' TrialSubscription toThe Living Age{Under the same management as The AtlanticMonthly.)One dollar will bring you every week for three months this MagazinecontainingThe Best FictionThe Best EssaysThe Best Literary CriticismThe Best Travel ArticlesThe Ablest Discussions of Public AffairsThe Living Age, once limited to British periodicals, has recentlyextended its field, and now prints translations of the best material tobe had from Continental sources. With such a range to select from,The Living Age is able to give its readers every week a larger varietyof material written by the most brilliant writers than an)^ other singlemagazine. The Living Age has been published every Saturday withoutmissing an issue for more than 75 years and was never more indispensablethan now to intelligent readers.SPECIAL OFFER TO SCRIBNER READERSThree Months {13 Copies) for $1.00Regular rate $6.00 a year15 cents a copyPLEASE USE COUPONTHE LIVING AGE CO.41 Mount Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. DateGentlemen: In accordance with your special offer in the July Scribner's,a three months' subscription to THE LIVINGAGE.enclosed find #i.oo forNameAddressb. M. 7-1928

(Reduced Illustration jrom The HouseBeautiful)The House Beautiful

private SchoolsKNOX SCHOOLNew York City and Vicinityformerly atBriarcCiff'Manor'Mii*at Tarrytownon-HndsonfbrtvMinutestromMwKorACastleMiss Mason's School for GirlsCatalogue and views, addressMrs. E. RusseCC tiouyhtoix. PrincipaCMISS C. E. MASON, LL.M.,Tarrytbwn-on-Hudson, N. Y.SCOVILLE S C H O O L FOR G I R L SFull preparatory and advanced studies. Art, Music, Interior Decoration,Dramatic Art, Languages and Practical Courses. Individualcare and supervision.Helen S. Scoville, Rosa B. Chisman,2042 Fifth Avenue, New York City.T H E R A Y S O N S C H O O L FOR G I R L S168 West 75th Street, New York City.Home and Day Departments. 25th year. October, 1919.Miss Clara I. Colbourne, A.B.Principals.Miss Martha K. Humphrey, A.MG A R D N E R S C H O O L FOR G I R L SA thorough school with delightful home life. Fireproof building completelyequipped for resident and day pupils. Open-air Gymnasium. CollegePreparatory, Academic, Secretarial and Elective Courses; Music, Drama,Riding, Swimming, Tennis, Rhythmic Dancing. 62 years.Miss Eltinge and Miss Masland, Principals, 37 East 51st Street, N. Y.C A T H E D R A L S C H O O L OF S A I N T M A R YA School for Girls, 19 miles from New York. College preparatoryand general courses. Music, Art and Domestic Science. Catalogueon request. Miss Miriam A. Bytel, Principal, Garden City,Long Island, New York.T H E ELINOR C O M S T O C K M U S I C S C H O O LEndorsed by Paderewski and Leschctizky.Boarding and Day Department. Girls' Club Adjoining.Catalogues by Request. 41 East 80th St., N. Y.T H E M O S T S U C C E S S F U L S C H O O L S of to-day began toadvertise in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE years ago for pupilsfor to-day.To-day these schools are advertising for to-morrow.ST. AGNES SCHOOL FOR GlRLS, Albany, N. Y.College preparatory and general courses in Upper School. LowerSchool for younger girls. Special rates U» daughters of Army andNavy officers. Summer Home for girls remaining through year.G L E NE D E NDr. and Mrs. Frederic Townsend's boarding school for high school girlsand graduates. Half-hour from New York City. Three superb granite buildingsoverlooking Long Island Sound. 15 acres. All advantages. Selectmembership. Tenth year. $1000. Address for booklet and views.Glen Eden School, Glenbrook Road. Stamford, Conn.BRANTWOODHALLCollege preparatory and elective courses. Ideal location and environment;among the beautiful Westchester Hills, 2S minutes from New York City.Four attractive modern buildings. Spacious grounds. Athletic field, gymnasium,resident physical director. Appointment with Head Of School byletter. Post Office, Bronxville, N. Y.New York State30F R O E B E L L E A G U E K I N D E R G A R T E N TRAININGS C H O O L2-year normal course. Graduate and special courses. Modelkindergarten and primary department. Mission kindergartens forpractice pupils. Students' Residence. Circular C. Mrs. M. B. B.Langzettcl, Director, 112 East 71st Street. New York.ST. P A U L ' S S C H O O LHealthfully located in beautiful Garden City, Long Island, 18 miles fromNew York. Buildings completely equipped. Gymnasium, swimming pool,fine athletic fields. Prepares for any College or scientific school. Competentmaster at the head of each department. A LOWER SCHOOL FOR YOUNGERHOYS. For information and Catalog addressWalter R. Marsh, Headmaster, 166 Stewart Ave.. Garden City, N. Y.OSS1NING S C H O O LFor Girls. 51st year. Academic and economic courses.Separate school for very young girls. For Brochure addressClara C. Fuller, PrincipalMartha J. Naramore, Assoc. PrincipalBox 146. Ossining-on-Hudson, N. Y.M O U N T P L E A S A N T S C H O O L SFor over one hundred years a refined school home for boys ofall ages. Practical military training with field work. College andbusiness preparation. Physical training and athletic sports. AddressCharles Frederick Brusie, P. O. Box 508, Ossining-onthe-Hudson,New York.P U T N A M HALL S C H O O LPreparatory to Vassar College. Because of its situation can offer specialopportunities academically and socially. College Preparatory and AcademicCourses. Supervised athletics. Gymnasium. Tennis. Basketball. Horsebackriding. Military drill. Sleeping porches. Junior department. AddressEllen Clizbe Bartlett, A.B., Principal, liux 808, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

New York StateM O H E G A Nl—Mohegan Lake School —Military40th yearBeautifully located on Mohegan Lake in theHighlands of the Hudson. Classes are small, givingteachers opportunity to study each boy. Thoroughpreparation for College, Technical Schooland Business. Certificate privileges. Militarydrill, physical culture, athletics. References as tocharacter required. Request illustrated booklet.{Continued)A. E. LINDER, A. M., PrincipalBox 61, Mohegan Lake, Westchester Co., N. Y.MANLIUSUrgent is the need for hardy mental,moral, and physical man-timber withkeen, broad, and true minds.Brig. Gen. Wm.Verbeck, Pres.Box 47A,Manlius, N. Y.SAINT JOHN'S SCHOOL,Manlius, develops its boysaccording to common-sense principles,successfully combiningthetheoretical with the practical. Itoffers preparation for college andbusiness, and gives superior militarytraining through its ReserveOfficers Training Corps. Thoroughequipment. Eleven miles from Syracuse.Send for booklet and information.SKIDMORE SCHOOLOF ARTSCHARLES HENRY KEYES, Ph.D., PresidentPROFESSIONAL and Vocational College forWomen. Fine and Applied Art, Home Economics,Music. Physical Education, Secretarial andGeneral Studies. Athletic held. Non-sectarian.Degree GivenFour-year courses lead to P>. S. Degree. Two- andthree-year Normal Courses command teachers andsupervisors certificate. Residence accommodationsfor four hundred students. Catalog on application.Summer SessionSARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.CASCADILLACollege Preparatory School for BoysThorough preparation for college or businesslife. Small classes. Individual attention. Athletics.Gymnasium; athletic field; recreationbuildinc on Lake Cayuga. Complete navy outfitfor the well-knownschool crew. MilitaryDrill. Enrollment limitedto 125. Healthfullylocated aboveIthaca and Lake Cayuga.Experienced faculty.Summer Schoolspecializing in preparationj or University EntranceExaminations.Catalogs on request.A. M. DRUMMOND, M.A.Director, Box no,Ithaca, N. Y.New YorkMilitaryAcademyGornwall-on-Hudson, New YorkThe story of this famousSchoolis told in {he illustrated catalogue,whichapplication to thewill be sent uponAdjutant.Largest Military School in the EastCavalry, infantry, cadet band. (Special rales to musicians.)IRVSCHOOLINGFOR BOYS Tarrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y.Twenty-five miles from New York, in thebeautiful, historic "Irving" country. 8}rdyear. 28yearsunderpresentHeadMaster. Newsite and buildings, 1904. Prepares for all collegesand technical schools. Individual as wellas class instruction. Equipment includes AthleticField, Gymnasium and Swimming Pool.For information addressJ. M. FURMAN, A. M., Head Master, Box 903PAWLINGSCHOOL For BoysFrederick L. Gamage, Headmaster64 miles from New York on Harlem R. R.Complete Equipment.Thorough preparation for College and ScientificSchools.Send for CataloguePAWLING SCHOOL PAWLING, N. Y.31

Mrs. Dow's SchoolBriarcliff Manor, New YorkPrivate SchoolsNew York State (Continued)Mrs.Mrs.Mary E. DowEdith Cooper Hartman, B.S.PrincipalsMusic DepartmentMr. Osaip Gabrilowitsch, Air. Howard Brockway,Artistic AdviserDirectorArt DepartmentMr. Frank V. Du Mond, DirectorJunior School and Post-graduate DepartmentRussell Sage CollegeFounded by Mrs. Russell Sage in connectionwith Emma Willard SchoolA School of Practical ArtsDesigned for the higher education of women,particularly on vocational and professionallines. Secretarial Work, Household Economicsand Industrial Arts. B.A. and B.S. degrees.Address SecretaryRUSSELL SAGE COLLEGETROY, NEW YORKConnecticutR U M S E Y HALLA school for boys under 15. L. R. Sanford, Principal, Louis H.Schutte, M.A., Headmaster, Cornwall, Connecticut.The Ely School for GirlsEly Court, Greenwich, ConnecticutIn the country, one hour from New YorkCity. Twenty-five acres, modern equipment.College Preparatory, Generaland Secretarial Courses. Music. Householdarts. Daily work in the studio.Horseback riding and all summer andwinter sports. Sleeping Porch.The Junior SchoolA separate department for girls underfifteen. Work and play planned to meetthe needs of the young girl.T H E GATEWAYA School for Girls. Three buildings. Athletic field. Horsebackriding. Domestic Arts. College preparatory, general and specialcourses which include stenography and typewriting. Miss AliceE. Reynolds, Principal, St. Ronan Terrace, New Haven, Conn.T H E C U R T I S S C H O O L FOR Y O U N G B O Y SHas grown forty-four years and is still under the active directionof its founder. Frederick S. Curtis, Principal, Gerald B. Curtis,Assistant Principal, Brookfield Center, Connecticut.W Y K E H A M R I S EA Country School for Girls. Fanny E. Davies, LL.A., Principal,Washington, Conn. Boston representative, Mabel E. Bowman,A.B., Vice-Principal, Cohasset, Mass.T H E M O S T S U C C E S S F U L S C H O O L S of to-day began toadvertise in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE years ago for pupilsfor to-day. To-day these schools are advertising for to-morrow.VermontB I S H O P H O P K I N S HALLAn endowed school for girls overlooking Lake Champlain. Wellequipped buildings. All outdoor sports. College preparatoryand general courses. Write for booklet. Miss Ellen Seton Ogden,Principal. The Rt. Rev. A. C A. Hall, President and Chaplain,Box A, Burlington. Vermont.MissouriMiss C O M P T O N S S C H O O L FOR C H I L D R E N OFR E T A R D E D MENTALITYLimited to ten children. Play hours supervised. Ten and twelve monthsterms. Adjacent to three parks, thus combining the best features of countrylife with city privileges. Founded 1901. Terms $90(1 and upwards.Fanny A. ComptOli, Principal, &SU9 Flad Ave., St. Luuis, Mo.M I S S W H I T E ' S S C H O O L FOR GIRLSBoarding and Day Departments, 4146 Lindell Boulevard, St.Louis, Mo. Opens September 15, 1919. For Catalogue and informationaddressMary Josephine White, A. B., A. M., Principal.32Rhode IslandM A R Y C. W H E E L E R S C H O O LA town school offering country life and sports. College preparatorycourses. Music, Art, Dancing, Home Economics. Gardening,and Secretarial work. University lectures, advanced course forgraduate students. Country residence for young girls.Providence. Rhode Island.West VirginiaST. HILDA'S HALL" The Chevron School for Girls." In the Shenandoah Valleynear Washington. Under auspices Episcopal Church.College Preparatory, Elective courses. Music, Art.Athletics under trained Director. Open air classes.A teacher for every five girls. $500. Catalog.Marion Pendleton Duvai, Principal,(Former principal Stuart Hall),Charles Town, W. Va.

Private SchoolsMassachusettsSea PinesSchool of Personality for GirlsREV. THOMAS BICKFOIiD, A.M., rounderHAPPY home life with personal attention and care. Students inspiredDistinctively devoted to by wholesome and beautiful ideals of efficient womanhood.Hygiene and morals observed especially for health, character, responsibilityand recognized as the Pioneerand initiative. One hundred acres; pine groves and 1000 feet ofSchool of Personality seashore. Climate is exceptionally favorable for outdoor life. Horsebackriding, gymnastics. College Preparatory or Cultural Courses.French, German and Spanish by native teachers. Music, DomesticScience, Handiwork, Household Arts, Secretarial and other courses for securing Personality Diplomasintroductory to definite service. Experienced, earnest instructors. Booklet.BUSS FAITH BICKFOKD, PrincipalBox G, BKEWSTEK, MASS.=TENACRE=A Country School for Young GirlsFrom Ten to Fourteen Years of AgepREPARATORY to Dana Hall.Fourteen miles from Boston. Allsports and athletics supervised andadapted to the age of the pupil. Thefinest instruction, care and influence.MISS HELEN TEMPLE COOKEDana Hall, Wellesley, Mass.LASELL SEMINARYCourse of study from first year high school through two years advancedwork for high school graduates covers a wide range of academicsubjects, and electives necessary to individual development.Unusual training is given in various phases of homeniaking, Jrommarketing to entertaining.The school is situated on a thirty acre estate ten miles from Boston.Cultural advantages of the city are utilized. Many forms of outdoorspurt and recreation play a part in the school activities. AddressGUY M. WINSLOW, Ph.D., Principal110 Woodland Road Auburndale, Mass.D E A N A C A D E M Y53rd year. Young men and young women find here a home-likeatmosphere, thorough and efficient training in every department ofa broad culture, a loyal and helpful school spirit. Liberal endowmentpermits liberal terms, $325~$400 per year. Special Coursein Domestic Science. For catalogue and information addressArthur W. Peirce, Litt.D., Principal, Franklin, Mass.Miss C A P E N ' S S C H O O L FOR G I R L SFor many years known as "The Burnham School."43rd year opens September, ioio.Correspondence should be addressed toMiss B. T. Capen, Principal, Northampton, Mass.Wl LB RAHAM ACADEMYFits for life and for college work. Five brick buildings, moderngymnasium. Athletic field, campus and farm of 250 acres. Enrollment—60boys. Moderate rates.Gaylord W. Douglass, Headmaster, Wilbraham, Mass.THE BURNHAM SCHOOL FOR GIRLSFounded by Mary A. Burnham in 1877, opposite Smith CollegeCampus, Northampton. Massachusetts.Miss Helen E. Thompson, Headmistress.T H E S A R G E N T S C H O O L FOR P H Y S I C A L EDUCATIONEstablished 1881. Address for bookletDr. D. A. Sargent, Cambridge, Mass.W H E A T O N C O L L E G E FOR W O M E NOnly small separate college for women in Massachusetts. 4-yearcourse. A.B. degree. Faculty of men and women. 20 buildings.100 acres. Endowment. Catalog.Rev. Samuel V. Cole, D.D., LL.D., President,Norton, Massachusetts. (30 miles from Boston.)W A L N U T HILL S C H O O LA College Preparatory School for Girls. 17 miles from Boston.46 Acres. Skating Pond. Athletic Fields. 5 Buildings. Gymnasium.Miss Conant, Miss Bigelow, Principals, 19 HighlandStreet, Natick, Mass.A B B O T A C A D E M YA School for Girls. Founded 1828. 23 miles from Boston.General course with Household Science. College Preparation.Outdoor sports. AddressMiss Bertha Bailey, Principal, Andover, Mass.33200 Boys 20 Teachers$800,000 Equipment86th year opens Sept. 17thWORCESTERACADEMYWORCESTERMASSACHUSETTSTERMS: $550—$850 per yearEvery room filled last September. Register earlyand become a Worcester boy. Catalog on request.S. F. HOLMES, M. A., PrincipalG. D. Church, Registrar

MountIdaSchool' miles fromBostonSend for NewYear BookPrivate SchoolsMassachusetts {Continued)FOR GIRLSWe send students to college on certificate. Many girls, however,after leaving high school do not wish to go to college. Butoften they desire advanced work in a new environment with competentinstructors, and to select studies best meeting their tastesand interests.We offer just these opportunities. Students take" English or literature, butthe course otherwise is elective. All subjects count for diploma.Graduation from high school not necessary.No examination required.Excellent Secretarial Course. Courses in Business Management; Costume Design and House Decoration.Special work in voice, piano, violin, cello, harp and pipe organ with eminent Boston masters.A finely equipped school. New building (6 in all) with new pipe organ; gymnasium and swimmingpool.All outdoor sports. All the opportunities of Boston in Music, Art and historical associations arefreely used. Domestic Science, Art, Elocution.A girl, after leaving grammar school, can begin her studies at Mount Ida and continue them untilshe has an education equivalent to two years in College, taking through her whole course an electiveprogram.There are some rooms with hot and cold water. For 1919-20, early application is necessary to secureenrolment.Special cars from Chicago and St. Louis Sept, 23 for Western Girls.Exceptional opportunities witha delightful home life.1497 SUMMIT ST., NEWTON, Mass.BRADFORD ACADEMYF O R Y O U N G W O M E NBRADFORD. MASS.117th year opens September 17thThirty miles from Boston, in the beautiful Merrimac Valley.Extensive grounds and modern equipment. College Preparatory ;Course. General course of five years. Two years' course for HighSchool graduates. AddressMISS MARION COATS, A.M., Principal, 184 Main StreetWashington, D. C.NATIONAL PARK SEMINARYFor Young WomenWashington, D. C, SuburbsJames E. Arncnt. Ph.D., LL.D.PresidentHIGHER school for highor preparatory schoolgraduates with specializedinstruction in Music, Art,Expression, and vocationalsubjects. No extra chargefor Domestic .Science diplomacourse. 0 5-acrecampus, 3 2 Buildings.Gymnasium with swimmingpool. Outdoor sports.Organized study of Washington.The National Park clubsmean an experience in thelife of each student whichis never forgotten. Thecharming little club houses afford endless pleasureand promote more intimate and helpful relationsbetween teachers and girls.Registration for 1919-20 is far advanced. Early applicationadvisable. References required. Catalog.Registrar, Box 102, Forest Glen, Md.NATIONAL CATHEDRAL SCHOOLA Boarding and Day School for Girls. Fireproof buildings in CathedralClose of 40 acres. College Preparatory. Advanced andSpecial Courses. Music and Art.THE BISHOP OF WASHINGTON,President of the Board of Trustees.JESSIE C MCDONALD, M.S., Principal.HELEN L. WEBSTER. Ph.D., Academic Head.Mount St. Alban, Washington, D. CMiss M A D E I R A ' S S C H O O LA resident and day school for Girls. Lucy Madeira Wing,A.B.. Head Mistress (Mrs. David L. Wing). 1326 19th St.,Washington, D. C.C H E V Y C H A S E S C H O O LA school for the girl of today and tomorrow. Courses: Preparatory;two-year advanced for high school graduates; special. Unrivalledlocation at the national capital. For catalog, addressChevy Chase School, Box S. Frederic Ernest Farrington, Ph.D.,Headmaster, Washington, D. C.SAINT A L B A N SThe National Cathedral School for Boys. College Preparatory.All sports. Master to every four boarding pupils. Bishop ofWashington Board of Trustees. Write for catalog.Wm. H. Church, Headmaster, Washington, D. CMARTHA WASHINGTON SEMINARY'^S^&E^lLf'- For Young Women. In the finest residential sectionof the National Capital. Combines delightfulschool life with Washington advantages. Two YearCourse for High School Graduates. DomesticScience and Arts. Music, Expression and ModernLanguages. Secretarial Course. Outdoor sports.Edward W. Thompson, Principal,1601 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C.34

PEDDIENew Jerseya school that educatesthe boy on all sidesFitting Your Boy For The New Civilization'"FHE war is over. The most hazardous days of Reconstruc-^ tion are happily past. We are at the dawn of our country'sgreatest era of prosperity and achievement.By the very nature of things, there will be unprecedentedopportunities for men of large caliber—good men—true men—men equipped physically, intellectually and spiritually tocarry on the great work just ahead.Somewhere in America today these men are boys—growingup. Some of them are even now on the threshold of a highereducation. And the integrity of that education will determinein large measure their success in the future.It is no easy task to find exactly the right school for yourboy. It takes time. It takes care. It takes foresight. It takesvision. It often requires a personal visit. Bat it is worth-while.Of Peddie we say just this—it is a good school—a sincereschool—a school of fine ideals and splendid scholarship—aschool that will return your boy to you year after year betterthan he went away.Write for Booklets and" It gives me real pleasure," said Woodrow Wilson, whenpresident of Princeton University, "to express my sense ofthe very high value of Peddie Institute. These quiet schools,into which so much devotion and unheralded work go, certainlysustain the education of the country, and supply the universitieswith some of the most useful material they get."Peddie is endowed. Conducted without thought of profit.Situated 9 miles from Princeton. Modern dormitories—60-acre campus—gymnasium—baseball—football—cinder track.Music and public speaking. Summer Camp. Lower Schoolfor boys from n to 14 years. Graduates enter all colleges bycertificate or examination. 54th year. Exceptionally fine infirmaryjust completed for care of the boys in case of illness.Learning the Lesson of HealthEvery Peddie boy is given a comprehensive physical examination.Every organ is tested and charted. Reports aremailed to parents. Defects are corrected—special abilitiesnoted and encouraged. Character built and strengthened bycontact with virile Christian men.CatalogROGER W. SWETLAND, LL.D., Headmaster, Box 7-C, Hightstown, N. J.DWIGHT SCHOOLPOR GIRLS Englewood, New JerseyCombining- the best features of the College Preparatory and FinishingSchool, with special advantages for post-graduate work. DomesticArts and Science. An exceptionally good school beautifullylocatedsuburban to NewYork City. Splendid buildings and spaciousgrounds for outdoor games. Tenuis. Riding. Address Box 607.MISS CREICHTON andwMISS FARRARPrincipals _Miss Beard's SchoolFOR GIRLS Orange, New JerseyThirty minutes from New York City. Collegepreparatory and special courses. iMusic,Art, Domestic Arts and Sciences. Certificateprivdeges. Outdoor classes. Skating,Riding, Tennis, Hockey and Basketball.Three DunniturieS. Buuklet on request.Miss Lucie C. Beard, Princi]Blair AcademyLiberally endowed and thoroughly equipped forboys who are able and disposed to take advantageof the unusual opportunities offered. Under Presbyteriancontrol, but not sectarian. General educationand preparation for any college or technicalschool.A catalogue will be mailed upon request but avisit for personal inspection is more satisfactory.JOHN C. SHARPE, LL.D., HeadmasterBox N. BLAIRSTOWN, N. J.P R I N C E T O N P R E P A R A T O R Y S C H O O LCollege preparatory school for boys over 14. Rapid progress.Limited number of pupils (60) and freedom from rigid class organization.Excellent equipment and facilities. Special attentiongiven to Athletics and moral welfare. 45th year.J. B. Fine, Headmaster, Princeton, New Jersey.BORDEIMTOWN MILITARY INSTITUTEThorough preparation for college or business. Efficient faculty,small classes, individual attention. Boys taught how to study.Military training. Supervised athletics. 35th year. For catalogue,address Drawer C12, Col. T. D. Landon, Principal andCommandant, Bordentown, X. J.KlNGSLEY SCHOOL FOR BOYS22 miles from New York City in the New Jersey hills. For illustratedcatalog addressJ. R. Campbell, M.A., Box A. Essex Fells, N. J.K E N T P L A C EA Country School for Girls. College Preparatory and AcademicCourses. 20 miles from New York. Mrs. Sarah Woodman Paul,Miss Anna S. Woodman, Principals, Summit, New Jersey.35

PennsylvaniaBALDWIN SCHOOLA Country School for GirlsThe Harcum SchoolFOR GIRLS—BRYN MAWR, PA.For Girls waDting college preparation a thoroughcourse is offered.For Girls not going to college the school offersspecial opportunities to pursue studies suited totheir tastes and needs.For Girls desiring to specialize in Music or Art,there are well known artists as instructors.In Bryn Mawr, the beautiful college town, ten milesfrom Philadelphia.New stone building, sunnyrooms with private bath, home life, large grounds,hockey, tennis, basket ball, riding. Catalogue.MRS. EDITH HATCHER HARCUM, B.L.(Pupil of Leschetizky), Head of the SchoolCornelia G. Harcum, Ph.D., Head of Academic Dep.St. Luke'sBryn Mawr, Pa.Preparation for Bryn Mawr, Mount Holyoke, Smith, Vassar andWellesley colleges. Also strong general course. Within 26 years272 students from this school have entered Bryn Mawr College.Fireproof stone building'. Abundant outdoor life and athletics.ElizabethTorrest Johnson. A. It., Head of the SchoolS C H O O LBoys are Really UnderstoodClose personal touch, courtesy anda fine spirit of fair play and gentlemaniinessare St. Luke traditions.JK. school of reasonable size. Preparationfor college or business. TheMasters ore kindly, cultured menwhose specialty is boys. SpecialJunior Department, too. For bookletand catalog, please addressCHARLES HENRY STROUT, M.A.,WAYNE—on the Main Lint—PENNA.THE PENNSYLVANIAACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTSThe Oldest Art School in America(Broad and Cherry Streets, Philadelphia)SUMMER SCHOOL AT CHESTER SPRINGSChester County, Pa.Open-air Instruction. Healthful location. High, rolling land. Beautifuland historic scenery, ideal for artists. Tennis Courts, croquet grounds,etc. Large and commodious dormitories and studios, electric light andrunning water. Board (including tuition) $10.00 per week and upwards.NOW OPEN. Experienced Faculty. Limited number ot students.References required. Write for circular.D. ROY MILLER, Resident ManagerChester SpringsChester County, Pa.Beechwood (Inc.)A Cultural and Practical School for Young Women, ThoroughlyEstablished. Strong Faculty. Girls are prepared for self-maintenanceand to meet responsibilities of life. College and PreparatoryDepartments. Music, Art, Domestic Science, Secretaryship,Physical Education, Expression, Normal Kindergarten. SwimmingPool, Athletic Fields. AddressM. H. Reaser, Ph.D., President, Box 422, Jenkintown, Pa.M E R C E R S B U R G A C A D E M YOffers a thorough physical, mental and moral training for college or business.Under Christian masters from the great universities. Located in the CumberlandValley, one of the most picturesque spots of America. New gymnasium.Equipment modern. "Write for catalog. AddressWilliam Mann Irvine, LL.D., Headmaster, Box 104, Mercersburg, Pa.T H E S H I P L E Y S C H O O LPreparatory to Bryn Mawr College. Special educational and social opportunitiesof situation opposite Bryn Mawr College. College Preparatory andAcademic Courses. Supervised athletics. "Well-equipped gymnasium. Forcircular, address The Principals, Alice G. Howland, Eleanor O. Brownell.Box J, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.T H E C O W L E S S C H O O L FOR GIRLSFormerly Miss Marshall's School. In suburbs. City advantages8 miles away. College Preparatory, General, Music, DomesticScience, Art. Swimming, riding. Small classes. Separate housefor younger girls. Oliver Denton, Visitor, Piano Dept. EmmaMilton Cowles, A.B., Head of School, Oak Lane. Phila., Pa.K E Y S T O N E A C A D E M YIdeal Location, Spring Water, Mountain Air. College Trainedand Experienced Faculty. Supervised Study with DisciplinaryCheck. College Entrance Roard Standards of Scholarship. RatesModerate, $380 to $450 a Year. All branches of Athletics.G. H. Gamble, President, Factoryville, Pa.or private schools —THEQUALITY GROUPATLANTICCENTURYHARPER'SMONTHLYMAGAZINEMAGAZINEREVIEW OF REVIEWSSCRIBNER'SMAGAZINEW O R L D ' S W O R KCan any one well imagine one ofthese magazines in a home wherethe proper education of the childrenis not a matter of vital concern?These six magazines can presentyour school to over Three-Quarters of a Million of the rightkind of homes. Duplication ofcirculation less than ten per cent.For full particulars addressany one of these magazines36

TennesseeThe Oldest SchoolFor Girls and Young Womenin the South"A BEAUTIFUL SCHOOL." MARK TWAINHonor Medal at Louisiana Purchase ExpositionColumbia InstituteA modern curriculum and the ideals of the old South. Sitechosen lt)0 years ago for Its beautiful scenery and wonderful climate.Epidemics unknown. Not one case of influenza. Omi-i.il mean temperature.October to April, 42"—for entire vear, 5B>». Finishing, college preparatory,and Junior College course*. Reservations limited. Fees moderate.Six Scholarships to award. Write at once for catalog.THE REV. CHARLES KENNETH THOMSON, M. A-COLUMBIA INSTITUTE, Dept. B131 COLUMBIA, TENN.WARD-BELMONTFor Girls and Young Women offers a six-year course of study cmbracingtwo years of college. Reservations for the IQIQ-IQ2Osession are now being made, and should receive the earliest possibleattention. Address Ward-Belmont, Belmont Heights, Box K,Nashville, Tenn.IndianaSAINT MARY- OF - THE -WOODS• College for Women. 79th Year •Standard Courses leading to Degrees. Departmentsof Expression, Household Economics,Conservatory of Music, School of Art, ElectiveCourses. 12 buildings, gymnasium, natatorium,40-acre golf links, riding, etc.Member of the North Central Association of Colleges.Saint Mary-of-the-Woods AcademyPreparatory and Special Courses. ForBulletins and Illustrated Booklet, addressThe Registrar, Box 204Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, IndianaCULVER MILITARY ACADEMYThe catalog describes the famous Culver military system, the 500-acre campus on Lake Maxinkuckee, the superb array of buildings.Send for a copy. Applications should be filed now to insure entrancein 1919-1920. Headquarters C M. A., Culver, Ind.ELMHURST, FOR GIRLSnth year. College preparatory. Non-sectarian. College trainedfaculty. Only 24 pupils received- 60 acres of wooded hills andfields near White Water River. Elevation 800-1.000 ft. Privatesprings and lake. All outdoor sports. Tuition Si.100.00.Elmhurst School. R. R. Box 20. Connersville, Indiana.FloridaCATHEDRAL SCHOOLUnder Episcopal control. Boarding and Day School for Girls.College-Preparatory and General Courses. Careful Home Life.Capable Teachers. Delightful Climate. Reasonable Rates.Rev. R. P. Cobb, A.M., Rector, Orlando, Fla.Private Schools37VirginiaSTAUNTONMILITARYACADEMYAn Ideal Home Schoolfor Manly BoysGovernment Honor School525 boys from 47 States last session. Largest privateacademy in the East. Boys from 10 to 20 yearsold prepared for the Universities, Government Academiesor Business.1,600 feet above sea level; pure, dry, bracingmountain air of the proverbially healthful andbeautiful Valley of the Shenandoah. Pure mineralspring water. High moral tone. Parentaldiscipline. Military training develops obedience,health, manly carriage. Shady lawns,expensively equipped gymnasium, swimmingpool, athletic park. Daily drills and exercisesin open air. Boys from homes of culture andrefinement only desired. Personal, individualinstruction by our tutorial system. Academyfifty-nine years old. $275,000 barracks,full equipment, absolutely fireproof. Charges$550. Catalog free. AddressCol. WM. G. KABLE, Ph.D., Principal, Staunton, Va.RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY (MILITARY)A BRANCH OF THE RANDOLPH-MACON SYSTEM. In the Valley ofVirginia. Equipment cost $100,000. Prepares for College orScientific Schools. Military training. Gymnasium and Athletics.28th session opens September 16th. AddressCHAS. L. MELTON. A.M., Principal. Box 408, Front Royal, Va.VIRGINIA COLLEGE FOR YOUNG WOMENIn the Valley of Virginia, famed for health and beauty. Elective.Preparatory and full Junior College courses. Music, Art, Expression.Domestic Science. Catalogue. Address Mattie P. Harris,President, Mrs. Gertrude Harris Boatwright, Vice-President,Box S, Roanoke, Va.MARY BALDWIN SEMINARY FOR YOUNG LA DIESEstablished 1842. TeTm begins Sept. 12th. In the beautiful andhistoric Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Unsurpassed climate,modern equipment. Students from 31 states. Courses: Collegiate(3 years), Preparatory (4 years). Music. Art, Expression andDomestic Science. Catalog. Staunton, Va.WftRRENTON COUNTRY SCHOOLfor Young Girls. Beautifully situated in the foothills of Virginianear Washington. College Preparatory and special courses.French, the language of the house. Teaches girls to study, bringsthem nearer nature and inculcates habits of order and economy.Mile. Lea M. Bouligny, Box 14, Warrenton, Va.MichiganBATTLE CREEK NORMAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICALEDUCATIONNormal Course—September ioth. Three years. Board, powerfultraining for a profession of wholesome and happy service. Unrivalledfacilities and equipment. C. Ward Crampton, M.D.,Dean, Box 33, Battle Creek, Michigan.OhioOAKHURST, MISS KENDRICK'S COLLEGIATESCHOOL FOR GIRLSCollege Preparatory and advanced General Courses. Intermediateand Primary Departments. Resident French teacher. ModernLanguages, Music, and Art. Miss Helen F Kendrick, Principal,669 and 723 Oak St., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Private SchoolsWisconsinNorthwestern Military and Naval Academy70 miles from ChicagoA virile American college-preparatory school located on the high, well-drained and beautiful shoresof Lake Geneva. Government based on Honor ideals. Training consists of thorough military andnaval instruction. *A personal visit to the school while in session is the best way to judge the distinctive advantages.Every known improvement in sanitation, heating and lighting. Absolutely fireproof.A fixed price covers board, tuition, uniforms and all necessary expense includingpocket money.Only those students who qualify morally, academically, physically and as refinedgentlemen receive diplomas. Automobile corps includes tanks. R. O. T. C. Oneof the most thoroughly equipped Military and Naval schools in the country—designated"Honor School."Completion this Summer of buildings gives increased capacity. Limit, 220 selected students.Nearly 200 refused last Fall for lack of room. Early registration necessary. Catalog. AddressCOL. R. P. DAVIDSON, Supt.Lake Geneva, WisconsinThe MarlboroughCaliforniaSchoolFor GirlsLosArgeles0^ Offers unexcelled opportunities for study, recreation and health indelightful climate. New cement buildings. Schoolrooms and bedroomsinstantly convertible into open-air rooms. Strong Latin,English and French courses. Model flat for Domestic Science andArt. Postgraduate work in Literature, History of Art, General Information,etc. Accredited colleges east and west. Gymnasium. Allout-door sports. 31st year opens Sept. 24th. AddressMRS. GEO. A. CASWELL, Principal5033 West 3rd Street Los Angeles, Cal.IllinoisMONTICELLO SEMINARYJunior College for Young Women and Academy for Girls. Historicschool of the Mississippi Valley. Eighty-second year beginsSeptember iS. IQIQ. Buildings worth more than $500,000, withSwimming Pool, Roof Garden, Sun Parlor and Conservatory.Sixty-acre Campus, two Athletic instructors. Preparatory andcollege courses standard and accredited.For Catalogue address Harriet Rice Congdon. Principal,Monticello Seminary, Godfrey, Illinois.Miss SPAIDS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS866 Buena Avenue, Chicago. Boarding and Day School. Delightfuland healthful location. College Preparatory and AdvancedCourses. Exceptional Advantages in Music. Intermediate andPrimary Departments. Every influence which will make for thedevelopment of refined, capable womanhood.Miss KATE LOUISE SPAIDS, Principal.LOS ANGELES MILITARY ACADEMYHuntington Drive. Los Angeles, California. (Suburb of LosAngeles, near Pasadena.) A Real School for Real Boys who expectto become successful in life. Most complete equipment forwork and recreation. Address the Principal.ROCKFORD COLLEGEA woman's college of first rank. Degrees of B.A., B.S., B.S. inSecretarial work, B.S. in Home Economics work. A five-yearcourse leading to B.A. or B.S. with diploma in Music. Memberof North Central Association and of the Association of CollegiateAlumnae. Wm. A. Maddox, Ph.D., President-elect, 440 CollegeAve., Rockford, III.THE ANNA HEAD SCHOOLPrimary, grammar and high school. Accredited East and West.Outdoor study and school rooms. Gymnasium, tennis, basketball,swimming pool, etc. 32nd year opens Sept. 4. For catalog writeMiss Mary E. Wilson. Principal,2536 Channing Way, Berkeley, California.PARISParisOCTOBER 1919 TO JUNE 1920If passports are obtainable by Fall Mrs. Davis will takeprivate apartment in be>t residential section of Paris and will chaperone sixyoung ladies. Studies entirely optional. Fee for eight months $jsuo IN) eachwhich does not include travelling or tutoring expenses, but does include chaperone'sexpenses from New York to New York. Full detail arranged by letteror personal interview in New York City. Alternate plan is Educational tripto Japan-China. Fee announced later. Banks and personal references ofthe highest order suhmitted and requested. MRS. SAMUEL T. DAVIS, IK.Address until July First, The Ardsley Club, Ardsley-on-Hudson, New York!and after July First, Sasco Farm, Fairfield, Conn.TheGreatest Reading NCircleOUR007 Joins the world'sgreatest reading circle whenhe takes The American Boy. Fivehundred thousand boys readTHE AMERICAN BOYThey like It best. Their parentsapprove its tone. It has morestories, departments andspecial features. Let.him join this whole-I some company today.TheSpragnePnb. Co.124 American Bldg.Detroit, Mich.$2.00 a year200 a copy3S

Camps—Summer Schools Correspondence SchoolsWINONA CAMPS FOR BOYSMOOSE PONDTwelfth Season. Two camps graded (ages 8 to 16J. For IllustratedBooklet addressC. E. Cobb, Denmark Inn, 14 Main St., Denmark, Maine.WYONEGONIC CAMPS FOR GIRLSMOOSE PONDEighteenth Season. Three separate camps (ages S to 21). ForIllustrated Booklet add ressMr. and Mrs. C. E. Cobb, 31 Main St., Denmark, Maine.WYNONA CAMP FOR GIRLSLAKE MOREY, VT.Saddle horses. Coif, Tennis. Hiking. Swimming, Canoeing. Arts andCrafts. Sleeping Bungalows. Running water. Electric Uylils. Deliciousmeals. Sympathetic supervision. />W£/

SILVERWARESilverware should be used only' at breakfast lunch and dinnerand only on these days: Sunday;Monday, Tuesday, WednesdayThursday Friday and SaturdayThe only permissible variationfrom this schedule is in the caseof a late supper at which silverwareis also an addition to the table.Indeed it is never too late to usesilverware.Buy it to useGorham Sterling Silverware is sold byleading" Jewelers everywhereand bears this Trade MarkrTHE GORHAMCOMPANYSilversmiths and GoldsmithsNEWYORK.W O R K S PROVIDENCE and N E W YORK.40

Drawn by Alonzo Kimball."ARRAH, DHRAP IN'AND DO Y'R SHTEP F'R FREEDOM WHILST TH' SHTEPPIN'SGOOD."—" Mr. Boyle," page 67.

SCRIBNERSMAGAZINEVOL. LXVI JULY, 1919 NO. 1IN MOROCCOBY EDITH WHARTON[ FIRST PAPER]RABAT AND SALELEAVINGTANGIERILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHSTO step on board a steamerin a Spanish port, and threehours later to land in acountry without a guidebook,is a sensation torouse the hunger of therepletest sight-seer.The sensation is attainable by any onewho will take the trouble to row out intothe harbour of Algeciras and scrambleonto a little black boat headed across thestraits. Hardly has the rock of Gibraltarturned to cloud when one's foot is on thesoil of an almost unknown Africa. Tangier,indeed, is in the guide-books; but,cuckoo-like, it has had to lay its egg instrange nests, and the traveller who wantsto find out about it must acquire a workdealing with some other country—Spainor Portugal or Algeria. There is noguide-book to Morocco, and no way ofknowing, once one has left Tangier behind,where the long trail over the Rif isgoing to land one, in the sense understoodby any one accustomed to European cer­VOL.L X V I . — iCopyright, 1919, by Charles Scribner's Sons.tainties. The air of the unforeseen blowson one from the roadless passes of theAtlas.This feeling of adventure is heightenedby the contrast between Tangier—cosmopolitan,frowsy, familiar Tangier, thatevery tourist has visited for the last fortyyears—and the vast unknown just beyond.One has met, of course, travellerswho have been to Fez; but they havegone there on special missions, under escort,mysteriously, perhaps perilously;the expedition has seemed, till lately, aconsiderable affair. And when one opensthe records of Moroccan travellers writtenwithin the last twenty years, howmany, even of the most adventurous, arefound to have gone beyond Fez? Andwhat, to this day, do the names of Meknezand Marrakech, of Mogador, Sam orRabat, signify to any but a few studentsof political history, a few explorers andnaturalists? Not till within the last yearhas Morocco been open to travel fromTangier to the Great Atlas, and fromMoulayIdriss to the Atlantic. Three yearsago Christians were being massacred inthe streets of Sale, the pirate town acrossthe river from Rabat, and two years agono European had been allowed to enterthe Sacred City of Moulay Idriss, theburial-place of the lawful descendant ofAli, founder of the Idrissite dynasty.Now, thanks to the energy and the imaginationof one of the greatest of colonialadministrators, the country, at least inthe French zone, is as safe and open as theopposite shore of Spain. All that remainsis to tell the traveller how to find his wayabout it.Ten years ago there was not a wheeledvehicle in Morocco; now its thousands ofmiles of trail, and its hundreds of miles offirm French roads, are travelled by count-All rights reserved.I

2 In Moroccoless carts, omnibuses and motor-vehicles.There are light railways from Rabat toFez in the west, and to a point abouteighty-five kilometres from Marrakech inthe south; and it is possible to say thatwithin a year a regular railway system willconnect eastern Morocco with westernAlgeria, and the ports of Tangier andCasablanca with the principal points ofthe interior.What, then, prevents the tourist frominstantly taking ship at Bordeaux orAlgeciras and letting loose his motor onthis new world? Only the temporaryobstacles which the war has everywhereput in the way of travel. Till these arelifted it will hardly be possible to travelin Morocco except by favour of the ResidentGeneral; but, normal conditionsonce restored, the country will be as accessible,from the straits of Gibraltar tothe Great Atlas, as Algeria or Tunisia.To see Morocco during the war wastherefore to see it in the last phase of itscuriously abrupt transition from remotenessand danger to security and accessibility;at a moment when its aspect and itscustoms were still almost unaffected byEuropean influences, and when the"Christian" might taste the transient joyof wandering unmolested in cities of ancientmystery and hostility, whose inhabitantsseemed hardly aware of his intrusion.IITHE TRAIL TO RABATWITH such opportunities ahead it wasimpossible, that brilliant morning ofSeptember, 1917, not to be off quicklyfrom Tangier, impossible to do justice tothe pale-blue town piled up within brownwalls against the thickly-foliaged gardensof "the Mountain," to the animation ofits market-place and the secret beautiesof its steep Arab streets. For Tangierswarms with people in European clothes,there are English, French and Spanishsigns above its shops, and cab-stands in itssquares; it belongs, as much as Algiers, tothe familiar dog-eared world of travel—and there, beyond the last dip of "theMountain," lies the world of mystery,with the rosy dawn just breaking over it.The motor is at the door and we are off.The so-called Spanish zone, which enclosesinternationalized Tangier in a widecircuit of territory, extends southward fora distance of about a hundred and fifteenkilometres. Consequently, when goodroads traverse it, French Morocco will bereached in less than two hours by motortravellersbound for the south. But forthe present Spanish enterprise dies outafter a few miles of macadam (as it doeseven between Madrid and Toledo), andthe tourist is committed to the piste.These pistes—the old caravan-trails fromthe south—are more available to motorsin Morocco than in southern Algeria andTunisia, since they travel mostly oversoil which, though sandy in part, is boundtogether by a tough dwarf vegetation, andnot over pure desert sand. This, however,is the utmost that can be said of theSpanish pistes. In the French protectorateconstant efforts are made to keep thetrails fit for wheeled traffic, but Spainshows no sense of a corresponding obligation.After leaving the macadamized roadwhich runs south from Tangier one seemsto have embarked on a petrified ocean ina boat hardly equal to the adventure.Then, as one leaps and plunges overhumps and ruts, down sheer banks intorivers, and up precipices into sand-pits,one gradually gains faith in one's conveyanceand in one's spinal column; but bothmust be sound in every joint to resist thestrain of the long miles to Arbaoua, thefrontier post of the French protectorate.Luckily there are other things to thinkabout. At the first turn out of Tangier,Europe and the European disappear, andwhen the motor begins to dip and rise overthe arid little hills beyond to the last gardensone is sure that every figure on theroad will be picturesque instead of prosaic,every garment graceful instead ofgrotesque. One knows, too, that therewill be no more omnibuses or trams ormotorcyclists, but only long lines ofcamels rising up in brown friezes againstthe sky, little black donkeys trottingacross the scrub under bulging pack-saddles,and noble draped figures walkingbeside them or majestically perching ontheir rumps. And for miles and milesthere will be no more towns—only, at intervalson the naked slopes, circles of

From a photograph from the Service des Beaux-Arts au Maroc. Rabat.General view from the Kasbah of the Oudayas.

4 In Moroccorush-roofed huts in a blue stockade ofcactus, or a hundred or two nomad tentsof black camel's hair resting on walls ofwattled thorn and grouped about aterebinth-tree and a well.Between these nomad colonies lies thebled, the immense waste of fallow land andpalmetto desert: an earth as void of lifeas the sky above it of clouds. The sceneryis always the same; but if one has thelove of great emptinesses, and of the playof light on long stretches of parched earththe encounter of the first veiled womanheading a little cavalcade from the south.All the mystery that awaits us looks outthrough the eye-slits-in the grave-clothesmuffling her. Where have they comefrom, where are they going, all these slowwayfarers out of the unknown? Probablyonly from one thatched douar* to another;but interminable distances unrollbehind them, they breathe of Timbuctooand the farthest desert. Just such figuresmust swarm in the Saharan cities, in theThe part of Morocco visited by Mrs. Wharton.and rock, the sameness is part of the enchantment.In such a scene every landmarktakes on an extreme value. Formiles one watches the little white dome ofa saint's grave rising and disappearingwith the undulations of the trail; at lastone is abreast of it, and the solitary tomb,alone with its fig-tree and its broken wellcurb,puts a meaning into the waste.The same importance, but intensified,marks the appearance of every humanfigure. The two white-draped riderspassing single file up the red slope to thatring of tents on the ridge have a mysteriousand inexplicable importance: one followstheir progress with eyes that achewith conjecture. More exciting still isSoudan and Senegal. There is no breakin the links: these wanderers have lookedon at the building of cities that were dustwhen the Romans pushed their outpostsacross the Atlas. .IIIEL-KSAR TO RABATA TOWN at last—its nearness announcedby the multiplied ruts of the trail, the cactushedges, the fig-trees weighed down bydust leaning over ruinous earthen walls.And here are the first houses of theEuropean El-Ksar—neat white Spanish* Village of tents. The village of mud-huts is called anourwal.

From a photograph from the Service des Beaux-Artsan Maroc.Rabat.Gate of the Kasbah of the Oudayas.houses on the slope outside the old Arabsettlement. Of the Arab town itself,above reed stockades and brown walls,only a minaret and a few Hat roofs arevisible. Under the walls drowse theusual gregarious Lazaruses; others, temporarilyresuscitated, trail their graveclothesafter a line of camels and donkeystoward the olive-gardens outside thetown.The way to Rabat is long and difficult,and there is no time to visit El-Ksar,though its minaret beckons so alluringlyabove the fruit-orchards; so we stop forluncheon outside the walls, at a canteenwith a corrugated iron roof where skinny5

6 In MoroccoSpaniards are serving thick purple wine civilization. We were to "tub" in oneand eggs fried in oil to a party of French European hotel, and to dine in another,soldiers. The heat has suddenly become with just enough picnicking between tointolerable, and a flaming wind straight give a touch of local colour. But let onefrom the south brings in at the door, with little cog slip and the whole plan falls toa cloud of blue flies, the smell of camels bits, and we are alone in the old untamedand trampled herbs and the strong spices Moghreb, as remote from Europe as anyof the bazaars.mediaeval adventurer. If one loses one'sLuncheon over we hurry on between way in Morocco, civilization vanishes asthe cactus hedges, and then plunge back though it were a magic carpet rolled upinto the waste. Beyond El-Ksar the last by a Djinn.hills of the Rif die away, and there is a It is a good thing to begin with such astretch of wilderness without an outline mishap, not only because it develops thetill the Lesser Atlas begins to rise in the fatalism necessary to the enjoyment ofeast. Once in the French protectorate Africa, but because it lets one at once intothe trail improves, but there are still difficultbits; and finally, on a high plateau, the mysterious heart of the country: acountry so deeply conditioned by its milesthe chauffeur stops in a web of criss-cross and miles of uncitied wilderness that untiltrails, throws up his hands, and confesses one has known the wilderness one cannotthat he has lost his way. The heat is begin to understand the cities.mortal at the moment. For the last hour We came to one at length, after sunsetthe red breath of the sirocco has risen on that first endless day. The motor,from every hollow into which we dipped;now it hangs about us in the open, as if wecleverly patched up, had found its way toa real road, and speeding along betweenhad caught it in our wheels and it had to the stunted cork-trees of the forest ofpause above us when we paused.All around is the featureless wild land,palmetto scrub stretching away into eternity.Mamora brought us to a last rise fromwhich we beheld in the dusk a line of yellowwalls backed by the misty blue of theA few yards off rises the inevitable Atlantic. Sale, the fierce old pirate town,ruined koubba* with its fig-tree: in the where Robinson Crusoe was so long ashade under its crumbling wall the buzz slave, lay before us, snow-white in itsof the flies is like the sound of frying. cheese-coloured ramparts skirted by figFarther off, we discern a cluster of huts, and olive gardens. Below its gates aand presently some Arab boys and a tall stretch of waste land, endlessly trailedpensive shepherd come hurrying across over by mules and camels, sloped down tothe scrub. They are full of good-will, and the mouth of the Bou-Regreg, the bluebrownno doubt of information; but our chauffeurriver dividing it from Rabat. Thespeaks no Arabic and the talk dies motor stopped at the landing-stage ofdown into shrugs and head-shakings. the steam-ferry; crowding about it wereThe Arabs retire to the shade of the droves of donkeys, knots of camels,wall, and we decide to start—for anywhere. . .plump-faced merchants on crimson-saddledmules, with negro servants at theirThe chauffeur turns the crank, but bridles, bare-legged water-carriers withthere is no responding quiver. Somethinghairy goat-skins slung over their shoul­has gone wrong; we can't move, ders, and Arab women in a heap of veils,and it is not much comfort to remember cloaks, mufflings, all of the same ashythat, if we could, we should not know white, the caftans of clutched childrenwhere to go. At least we should be cooler peeping through in patches of old rose andin motion than sitting still under the lilac and pale green.blinding sky.Across the river the native town of Rabatlay piled up on an orange-red Such an adventure initiates one at thecliffoutset into the stern facts of desert motoring.beaten by the Atlantic. Its walls, redEvery detail of our trip from Tan­too, plunged into the darkening breakersgier to Rabat had been carefully planned at the mouth of the river; and behindto keep us in unbroken contact with it, stretching up to the mighty tower of* Saint's tomb. The saint himself is called a marabout. Hassan, and the ruins of the Great

In Morocco 7Mosque, the scattered houses of the Europeancity showed their many lightsacross the plain.IVTHE KASBAH OF THE OUDAYASSALE the white and Rabat the redfrown at each other over the foaming barremains thick, opalescent, like waterslightly clouded by milk. One is temptedto say that Morocco is Tunisia seen bymoonlight.The European town of Rabat, a rapidlydeveloping community, lies almost whollyoutside the walls of the old Arab city.The latter, founded in the twelfth centuryby the great Almohad conqueror ofFrom a photograph by Schmitt, Rabat.Rabat.Interior court of the Medersa of the Oudayas.of the Bou-Regreg, each walled, terraced,minareted, and presenting a singularlycomplete picture of the two types of Moroccantown, the snowy and the tawny.To the gates of both the Atlantic breakersroll in with the boom of northern seas,and under a misty northern sky. It isone of the surprises of Morocco to find thefamiliar African pictures bathed in thisunfamiliar haze. Even the fierce middavsun does not wholly dispel it: the airSpain, Yacoub-el-Mansour, stretches itsmighty walls to the river's mouth.Thence they climb the cliff to enclose theKasbah* of the Oudayas, a troublesometribe whom one of the Almohad Sultans,mistrusting their good faith, packed upone day, flocks, tents and camels, andcarried across the bled to stow them intothese stout walls under his imperial eye.Great crenellated ramparts, cyclopean,* Citadel.

From a photograph from the Service des Beanx-Arts au Maroc.Sale.Entrance of the Medersa.superb, follow the curve of the cliff. Onthe landward side they are interruptedby a gate-tower resting on one of themost nobly decorated of the horseshoearches that break the mighty walls ofMoroccan cities. Underneath the towerthe vaulted entrance turns, Arab fashion,at right angles, profiling its red arch8against darkness and mystery. Thisbending of passages, so characteristic adevice of the Moroccan builder, is like anarchitectural expression of the tortuoussecret soul of the land.Outside the Kasbah a narrow footpathis squeezed between the walls andthe edge of the cliff. Toward sunset it

From a photograph from the Service des Beaux-Arts au Maroc.Sale.Interior court of the Medersa.looks down on a strange scene. To thesouth of the citadel the cliff descends to along dune sloping to a sand-beach; anddune and beach are covered with theslanting headstones of the immense Arabcemetery of El Alou. Acres and acres ofgraves fall away from the red ramparts tothe grey sea; and breakers rolling straightfrom America send their spray across thelowest stones.There are always things going ontoward evening in an Arab cemetery. Inthis one, travellers from the bled are campingin one corner, donkeys grazing (onheaven knows what), a camel dozing underits pack; in another, about a new-9

10 In Moroccomade grave, there are ritual movements ofmuffled figures and wailings of a funeralhymn half drowned by the waves. Nearus, on a fallen headstone, a man with athoughtful face sits chatting with twofriends and hugging to his breast a tinyboy who looks like a grasshopper in hisgreen caftan; a little way off, a solitaryphilosopher, his eye fixed on the sunset,lies on another grave, smoking his longpipe of kif.There is infinite sadness in this sceneunder the fading sky, beside the coldwelter of the Atlantic. One seems to benot in Africa itself, but in the Africa thatnorthern crusaders may have dreamed ofin snow-bound castles by colder shores ofthe same ocean. This is what Moghrebmust have looked like to the confusedimagination of the Middle Ages, to Normanknights burning to ransom the HolyPlaces, or Hansa merchants devising, insteep-roofed towns of Barbary, and thelong caravans bringing apes and goldpowderfrom the south.Inside the gate of the Kasbah onecomes on more waste land and on otherwalls—for all Moroccan towns are enclosedin circuit within circuit of battlementedmasonry. Then, unexpectedly, agate in one of the inner walls lets one intoa tiled court enclosed in a traceriedcloister and overlooking an orange-grovethat rises out of a carpet of roses. Thispeaceful and well-ordered place is theinterior of the Medersa (the college) ofthe Oudayas. Morocco is full of thesecolleges, or rather lodging-houses of thestudents frequenting the mosques; for allMahometan education is given in themosque itself, only the preparatory workbeing done in the colleges. The mostbeautiful of the Medersas date from theearlier years of the long Merenid dynasty(1248-1548), the period at which Moroccanart, freed from too distinctivelySpanish and Arab influences, began todevelop a delicate grace of its own as farremoved from the extravagance of Spanishornament as from the inheritance ofRoman-Byzantine motives that the firstMoslem invasion had brought with itfrom Syria and Mesopotamia.These exquisite collegiate buildings,though still in use whenever they are neara well-known mosque, have all fallen intoa state of sordid disrepair. The MoroccanArab, though he continues to build—and fortunately to build in the old tradition,which has never been lost—has, likeall Orientals, an invincible repugnance torepairing and restoring, and one afteranother the frail exposed Arab structures,with their open courts and badly constructedterrace-roofs, are crumbling intoruin. Happily the French Governmenthas at last been asked to intervene, andall over Morocco the Medersas are beingrepaired with skill and discretion. Thatof the Oudayas is already completely restored,and as it had long fallen into disuseit has been transformed by the Ministryof Fine Arts into a museum ofMoroccan art.The plan of the Medersas is alwaysmuch the same: the eternal plan of theArab house, built about one or more arcadedcourts, with long narrow roomsenclosing them on the ground floor, andseveral stories above, reached by narrowstairs, and often opening on finely carvedcedar galleries. The chief difference betweenthe Medersa and the private house,or even the fondak* lies in the use towhich the rooms are put. In the Medersas,one of the ground-floor apartmentsis always fitted up as a chapel, and shutoff from the court by carved cedar doorsstill often touched with old gilding andvermilion. There are always a few studentspraying in the chapel, while otherssit in the doors of the upper rooms, theirbooks on their knees, or lean over thecarved galleries chatting with their companionswho are washing their feet at themarble fountain in the court, preparatoryto entering the chapel.In the Medersa of the Oudayas, thesenative activities have been replaced bythe lifeless hush of a museum. The roomsare furnished with old rugs, pottery,brasses, the curious embroidered hangingswhich line the tents of the chiefs, andother specimens of Arab art. One roomreproduces a barber's shop in the bazaar,its benches covered with fine matting, thehanging mirror inlaid with mother-ofpearl,the razor-handles of silver niello.The horseshoe arches of the outer gallerylook out on orange-blossoms, roses and the* The Moroccan inn or caravanserai.

From a photograph from the Service des Beaux-Arts au Maroc.Sale.Gate of a ruined Medersa outside the walls.sea. It is all beautiful, calm and harmonious;and if one is tempted to mournthe absence of life and local colour, onehas only to visit an abandoned Medersato see that, but for French intervention,the charming colonnades and cedar chambersof the college of the Oudayas wouldby this time be a heap of undistinguishedrubbish—for plaster and rubble do not "diein beauty" like the firm stones of Rome.VROBINSON CRUSOE'S "SALLEE"BEFORE Morocco passed under therule of the great governor who now ad-II

12 In Moroccoministers it, the European colonists madeshort work of the beauty and privacy ofthe old Arab towns in which they establishedthemselves.On the west coast, especially, where theMediterranean peoples, from the Pheniciansto the Portuguese, have had tradingpostsfor over two thousand years, theharm done to such seaboard towns asTangier, Rabat and Casablanca is hard toestimate. The modern European colonistapparently imagined that to planthis warehouses, cafes and cinema-palaceswithin the walls which for so long hadfiercely excluded him was the most impressiveway of proclaiming his domination.Under General Lyautey such views areno longer tolerated. Respect for nativehabits, native beliefs and native architectureis the first principle inculcated inthe civil servants attached to his administration.Not only does he require thatthe native towns shall be kept intact, andno European building erected withinthem; a sense of beauty not oftenvouchsafed to Colonial governors causeshim to place the administration buildingsso far beyond the walls that themodern colony grouped around them remainsentirely distinct from the old town,instead of growing out of it like an uglyexcrescence.The Arab quarter of Rabat was alreadyirreparably disfigured when General Lyauteycame to Morocco; but ferociousold Sale, Phenician counting-house andbreeder of Barbary pirates, had beensaved from profanation by its Moslemfanaticism. Few Christian feet had enteredits walls except those of the prisonerswho, like Robinson Crusoe, slavedfor the wealthy merchants in its mysteriousterraced houses. Not till two or threeyears ago was it completely pacified; andwhen it opened its gates to the infidel itwas still, as it is to-day, the type of theuntouched Moroccan city—so untouchedthat, with the sunlight irradiating itscream-coloured walls and the blue-whitedomes above them, it rests on its carpetof rich fruit-gardens like some rare specimenof Arab art on a strip of old Orientalvelvet.Within the walls, the magic persists:which does not always happen when onepenetrates into the mirage-like cities ofArabian Africa. Sale has the charm ofextreme compactness. Crowded betweenthe river-mouth and the sea, its white andpale-blue houses almost touch across thenarrow streets, and the reed-thatched bazaarsseem like miniature reductions ofthe great trading labyrinths of Tunis orFez.Everything that the reader of the ArabianNights expects to find is here: thewhitewashed niches wherein pale youthssit weaving the fine mattings for whichthe town is still famous; the tunnelledpassages where indolent merchants withbare feet crouch in their little kennelshung with richly ornamented saddleryand arms, or with slippers of pale citronleather and bright embroidered babouches;the stalls with fruit, olives, tunny-fish,vague syrupy sweets, candles for saints'tombs, Mantegnesque garlands of red andgreen peppers, griddle-cakes sizzling onred-hot pans, and all the varied wares andcakes and condiments that the lady in thetale of the Three Calanders went out tobuy, that memorable morning in themarket of Bagdad.Only at Sale all is on a small scale:there is not much of any one thing, exceptof the exquisite matting. The tideof commerce has ebbed from the intractableold city, and one feels, as onewatches the listless purchasers in her littlelanguishing bazaars, that her long animosityagainst the intruder has ended bydestroying her own life.The feeling increases when one leavesthe bazaar for the streets adjoining it.An even deeper hush than that whichhangs over the well-to-do quarters of allArab towns broods over these silentthoroughfares, with heavy-nailed doorsbarring half-ruined houses. In a steepdeserted square one of these doors opensits panels of weather-silvered cedar on thecourt of the frailest, ghostliest of Medersas—mere carved and painted shell of a deadhouse of learning. Mystic interweavingsof endless lines, patient patterns interminablyrepeated in wood and stone andclay, all are here, from the tessellated pavingof the court to the honeycombing ofthe cedar roof through which a patch ofsky shows here and there like an inset ofturquoise tiling.

From a photograph by Schmitt, Rabat.Sale.Market-place outside the town.

14 In MoroccoThis lovely ruin is in the safe hands ofthe French Fine Arts administration, andsoon the wood-carvers and stucco-workersof Fez will have revived its old perfection;but it will never again be morethan a show-Medersa, standing emptyand unused beside the mosque behindwhose guarded doors and high walls oneguesses that the old religious fanaticismof Sale is dying also, as her learning andher commerce have died.In truth the only life in her is centred inthe market-place outside the walls, wherebig expanding Rabat goes on certain daysto provision herself. The market of Sale,though typical of all Moroccan markets,has an animation and picturesqueness ofits own. Its rows of white tents pitchedon a dusty square between the outer wallsand the fruit-gardens make it look asthough a hostile tribe had sat down tolay siege to the town; but the army is anarmy of hucksters, of farmers from therich black lands along the river, ofswarthy nomads and leather-gaiteredpeasant women from the hills, of slavesand servants and tradesmen from Rabatand Sale; a draped, veiled, turbanedmob, shrieking, bargaining, fist-shaking,calling on Allah to witness the monstrousvillanies of the misbegotten miscreantsthey are trading with, and then, struckwith the mysterious Eastern apathy,sinking down in languid heaps of muslinamong the black figs, purple onions androsy melons, the fluttering hens, thetethered goats, the whinnying foals, thatare all enclosed in an outer circle offolded-up camels and of mules dozingunder faded crimson saddles.VICHELLA AND THE GREAT MOSQUETHE Merenid Sultans of Rabat had aterribly troublesome neighbour across theBou-Regreg, and they built Chella to keepan eye on the pirates of Sale. But Chellahas fallen like a Babylonian city triumphedover by the prophets; while Sale,sly, fierce and irrepressible, continued tillwell on in the nineteenth century to breedpirates and fanatics.The ruins of Chella lie on the fartherside of the plateau above the native townof Rabat. The mighty wall enclosingthem faces the city wall of Rabat, lookingat it across one of those great red powderywastes which seem, in this strange land,like death and the desert forever creepingup to overwhelm the puny works of man.The red waste is scored by countlesstrains of donkeys carrying water from thesprings of Chella, by long caravans ofmules and camels, and by the busy motorsof the French administration; yet thereemanates from it an impression of solitudeand decay which even the prosaic tinkleof the trams jogging out from the Europeantown to the Exhibition groundsabove the sea cannot long dispel.Perpetually, even in the new thrivingFrench Morocco, the outline of a ruin orthe look in a pair of eyes, shifts the scene,rends the thin veil of the European Illusion,and confronts one with the old greyMoslem reality. Passing under the gateof Chella, with its richly carved corbelsand lofty crenellated towers, one feelsone's self thus completely reabsorbed intothe past.Below the gate the ground slopes away,bare and blazing, to a hollow where a littleblue-green minaret gleams through figtrees,and fragments of arch and vaultingreveal the outline of a ruined mosque.Was ever shade so blue-black and deliciousas that of the cork-tree near thespring where the donkeys' water-cansare being filled? Under its branches ablack man in a blue shirt lies immovablysleeping in the dust. Close by womenand children splash and chatter about thespring, and the dome of a saint's tombshines through lustreless leaves. Theblack man, the donkeys, the women andchildren, the saint's dome, are all part ofthe inimitable Eastern scene in which inertiaand agitation are so curiously combined,and a surface of shrill noise flickersover depths of such unfathomable silence.The ruins of Chella belong to the purestperiod of Moroccan art. The tracery ofthe broken arches is all carved in stoneor in glazed turquoise tiling, and the fragmentsof wall and vaulting have the firmelegance of a classic ruin. But whatwould even their beauty be without theleafy setting of the place? The "unimaginabletouch of Time" gives Chella itspeculiar charm: the aged fig-tree clamped

From a photograph from the Service dcs Beaux-Artsan Maroc.Chella.Minaret of the ruined mosque.in uptorn tiles and thrusting gouty armsbetween the arches; the garlanding ofvines flung from column to column; thesecret pool to which childless women arebrought to bathe, and where the treespringing from a cleft of the steps is alwayshung with the bright bits of stuffwhich are the votive offerings of Africa.The shade, the sound of springs, theterraced orange-garden with irises bloomingalong channels of running water, allthis greenery and coolness in the hollow ofa fierce red hill make Chella seem, to thetraveller new to Africa, the very type andembodiment of its old contrasts of heatand freshness, of fire and languor. It is15

16 In Moroccolike a desert traveller's dream in his lastfever.Yacoub-el-Mansour was the fourth ofthe great Almohad Sultans who, in thetwelfth century, drove out the effeteAlmoravids, and swept their victoriousarmies from Marrakech to Tunis andfrom Tangier to Madrid. His grandfather,Abd-el-Moumen, had been occupiedwith conquest and civic administration.It was said of his rule that "heseized northern Africa to make order prevailthere "; and in fact, out of a welter ofwild tribes confusedly fighting and robbinghe drew an empire firmly seated andsecurely governed, wherein caravanstravelled from the Atlas to the Straitswithout fear of attack, and "a soldierwandering through the fields would nothave dared to pluck an ear of wheat."His grandson, the great El-Mansour,was a conqueror too; but where he conqueredhe planted the undying seed ofbeauty. The victor of Alarcos, the soldierwho subdued the north of Spain,dreamed a great dream of art. His ambitionwas to bestow on his three capitals,Seville, Rabat and Marrakech, the threemost beautiful towers the world had everseen; and if the tower of Rabat had beencompleted, and that of Seville had notbeen injured by Spanish embellishments,his dream would have been realized.The "Tower of Hassan," as the Sultan'stower is called, rises from the plateauabove old Rabat, overlooking thesteep cliff that drops down to the lastwinding of the Bou-Regreg. Truncatedat half its height, it stands on the edge ofthe cliff, a far-off beacon to travellers byland and sea. It is one of the world'sgreat monuments, so sufficient in strengthand majesty that until one has seen itsfellow, the Koutoubya of Marrakech, onewonders if the genius of the builder couldhave carried such perfect balance of massivewall-spaces and traceried openingsto a triumphant completion.Near the tower, the red-brown wallsand huge piers of the mosque built at thesame time stretch their roofless alignmentbeneath the sky. This mosque, before itwas destroyed, must have been one of thefinest monuments of Almohad architecturein Morocco: now, with its tumbledred masses of masonry and vast cisternsoverhung by clumps of blue aloes, it stillforms a ruin of Roman grandeur.The Mosque, the Tower, the citadel ofthe Oudayas, and the mighty walls andtowers of Chella, compose an architecturalgroup as noble and complete as thatof some mediaeval Tuscan city. All theyneed to make the comparison exact isthat they should have been compactlymassed on a steep hill, instead of lyingscattered over the wide spaces betweenthe promontory of the Oudayas and thehill-side of Chella.The founder of Rabat, the great Yacoub-el-Mansour,called it, in memory ofthe battle of Alarcos, "The Camp ofVictory" (Ribat-el-Path), and the monumentshe bestowed on it justified the namein another sense, by giving it the beautythat lives when battles are forgotten.[Mrs. Wharton's second article, "Volubilis, Moulay Idriss, and Meknez," will appear in the August number.]

CRUSHING THE GERMANADVANCE IN AMERICAN INDUSTRYBY A. MITCHELL PALMERAttorney General of the United States (formerly Alien Property Custodian)THE original Trading withthe Enemy Act was a ratherinnocuous piece of legislation.Although passed sixmonths after we enteredthe war, when preparationsto strike the enemy wherever he raisedhis head were being prosecuted in thiscountry, with a vigor never before known,it lacked every fighting quality. It wasframed for the purpose of preventing commerceof every sort between the UnitedStates and persons living or doing businessin enemy territory, and yet it wascouched in such conservative, not to saybenevolent, terms, that when the AlienProperty Custodian got fairly into thework which the law laid upon him, hewondered whether its real effect mightnot be to lend aid and comfort to theenemy. It made of the Alien PropertyCustodian a mere conservator of enemyproperty; a sort of guardian to takecharge of, administer and account for theproperty in the United States owned bypersons, who, by reason of their enemycharacter or residence in enemy territory,were disabled from caring for it themselves.Every department of the governmentupon which duties were laid under theAct almost immediately recognized itsweakness, and sought to have it amendedby the usual legislative processes. TheWar Trade Board, the Treasury Department,and the Alien Property Custodianpresented to the legislative committees ofthe Congress comprehensive amendmentsto the law, which, perhaps on account oftheir far-reaching character, suffered thenecessary fate of most general legislationduring war times, and remained buriedin committees. It was difficult to divertthe attention of the Congress from itsmany pressing war problems to whatappeared to many to be a subordinateVOL.LXVI.—2function of the general war-machine.The attempt to make the act as effectiveas experience proved it ought to be, finallyresulted in three amendments to thelaw offered by the Alien Property Custodian,and adopted by resort to thetime-honored device of having them carriedas riders on appropriation bills.Little difficulty was encountered in impressingthe committees of the Congresswith the importance of these simple, butfar-reaching., changes in the law.By these amendments the Trading withthe Enemy Act was converted into a realfighting force in the war, and thereafterthe Alien Property Custodian, instead ofbeing looked upon in Germany as anamiable protector of German interests inthe United States, found himself denouncedin the Berliner Tageblalt as "theofficial pickpocket," while the ImperialGerman Government felt impelled to submitthrough diplomatic channels its officialprotest against his conduct as "consciouslydesigned to destroy the Germaneconomic existence on the American continent."Under the original act, the Alien PropertyCustodian was given the powers ofa common-law trustee; his right to sellenemy property being restricted to caseswhere it was necessary to prevent wasteor protect the property. This amountedto a virtual denial of the right to sellenemy property. The first amendmentwiped out these restrictions, and gave himthe power to manage and dispose of theproperty as if it were his own, except thatall sales should be made by public auctionto the highest bidder, and to Americancitizens only. The Department of Justicehad, in the meantime, rendered an officialopinion to the Federal Trade Commissionto the effect that a patent could notbe seized as enemy property, and theAlien Property Custodian, therefore, found17

I8Crushing the German Advance in American IndustryThese three amendments put teeth intothe law, and even before we had sufficientmen on the western front to start thecounter-offensive which finally drove theGerman Empire to surrender, we had inthoroughgoing operation on what mightbe called the American front, a commercialoffensive of wide scope and far-himself unable to seize or dispose of thousandsof German-owned patents issued bythe American Government. These patentswere, in many cases, being used byAmerican corporations whose stock waswholly German-owned, the owners of thestock being also the owners of the patents.The German owner got his return for theuse of the patent, not in the shape of royalty,but by way of dividends upon his stockin the American corporation. The planwas generally adopted of permitting theuse of these patents by the American corporationwithout any license or writtenagreement, because of the common ownershipby the German in the patent andcorporation. When we came to sell thestock of such corporations to Americancitizens, we found, therefore, that -althoughtheir chief and most valuableasset was the right to enjoy these patents,there was no way for us to convey thepatent rights. The original Act had beenquite careful to protect German patentsin this country, doubtless on the theorythat many American patents in Germanywere valuable, and would be protectedby way of reciprocity. This was a fallacy,however, because under the Germanlaw a patent lapses unless certain licensefees are periodically paid to the government.The war effectually stopped thereaching character,payment of such license fees despite thePresident's proclamation that tradingwith the enemy would be permitted tothat extent, and American patentees losttheir rights in Germany while the lawwas carefully protecting the Germanpatents here.The second amendment to the Act putpatents in the category of property whichcan be seized by the Alien Property Custodian,and made it possible effectuallyto destroy the German monopoly in manylines of industry based upon these patents.The third amendment cured the defectin the original Act which had renderedit difficult, if not impossible, for theAlien Property Custodian to acquire theenemy interest in American corporationswhere he was unable to produce the stockholder'scertificate of shares. Many ofthe German-owned shares in Americancorporations were in the hands of agentsor representatives in this country, whowere required to report them to the AlienProperty Custodian, and it became aneasy matter in such cases to substitutethe Custodian for the German owner asa stockholder in the company. In manyother cases, however, the certificate waslocked up in the strong-box of the ownerin Germany, and, while the interest of theenemy stockholder in the corporation wasdemanded by the Custodian, it was impossibleto make him a stockholder ofrecord, with all the rights and powers ofsuch a stockholder. Congress by thisamendment required the corporation toissue a new certificate in place of anenemy-owned certificate which was inenemy territory, and the Alien PropertyCustodian thus became empowered to exerciseall the rights of a stockholder, bothin the management, operation, and saleor liquidation of the great industries inwhich the enemy had substantial investments.which was rapidlybreaking up the great industrial and commercialarmy which Germany had deliberatelyplanted upon American soil.My experience convinced me that theindustrial invasion of America by theGerman interests, for a generation beforethe world war, was begun with hostile intent.It was designed to capture thetrade and business of this continent whenthe day should come that Germany feltstrong enough to pit her armed forceagainst the civilized world. When shestruck on that fateful July day in 1014,she was convinced that her industrialand commercial outposts in America hadsecured so strong a foothold that theirinfluence and power would make for hera great allied force on American soil sufficientto keep America out of the war, orto cripple us at home if we should go in.Her method of upbuilding industry inthis country was not the method of ordinaryinvestors of capital, but themethod of distributors of propaganda.Many of the German-owned industrial

Crushing the German Advance in American Industry 19concerns in the United States were merespy centres before we entered the war,and would have been centres of seditionif we had not promptly taken them intoour possession. It was earnestly urgedupon me in the early days of my administrationas Alien Property Custodian, bymany persons of prominence whom Iafterward came to suspect of some ulteriormotive in the suggestion, that thelaw intended the Alien Property Custodianonly to take the enemy-owned stockin corporations into his possession, withoutexercising any rights as a stockholderby the election of directors, the installationof managers, or the actual operationof the business. I should have been veryunhappy if I could not have made myselfbelieve the law intended something morethan this, and by acting upon my beliefwas able, I think, to rid the country ofsome very virulent pest spots, with whichwe would otherwise have been compelledto contend through all the days of thewar.When we took over the Bayer Company,a well-known corporation withoffices and warehouses in New York Cityand up-State, all of whose stock wasowned by great German chemical interests,if I had been satisfied simply to takethe stock and allow the old managers tooperate the property, I would have failedto discover the attempt which was madeby some persons connected with the companysecretly to conceal its assets. Anew corporation had been formed by theBayer managers for the purpose of starting,under a camouflage of American ownership,a new business of the same character,to continue the German invasion ofthe American markets when peace shouldcome. As it was, however, that attemptwas still-born; the purloined assets ofthe company were returned to it; thebusiness which its managers had soughtto start was made a mere subsidiary of areal American corporation, sold by theAlien Property Custodian to real Americancitizens, who are now operating it assuch. Our representatives in the BayerCompany inquisitively turned their attentionto every nook and corner of thecompany's business. We turned upmore than a million dollars of concealedgovernment taxes, and paid them out ofthe company's treasury; thus, in onestroke, defraying the entire cost of sixteenmonths of my administration of theoffice of Alien Property Custodian. Onesimple illustration is fairly indicative ofthe general character of these corporationswhich were entirely German-owned.Agents of the government found in thecellar of the Bayer Company's warehousetwenty-three trunks, which were said bytrusted German employees to containcast-off clothing of certain officials connectedwith the company, but which uponexamination proved to contain letters anddocuments from private files of Bernstorff,Dernberg, and other leaders of theGerman spy system in America. Theyhad abused the American hospitalitywhich permitted the German money tobe invested in the American corporationby making that corporation's property averitable repository for the informationcollected by individuals, who were likewiseabusing our hospitality.The Orenstein - Arthur Koppel Company,a German corporation, owned alarge plant at Koppel, near Pittsburgh,where it had built up a very efficient industrialorganization with a half dozencorporations engaged in various lines ofbusiness, all acting under and throughtwo German subjects who were attorneysin-factfor the original German investors.The chief business of the company wasthe manufacture and installation of whatis known as "inside transportation";that is, narrow-gauge railways, dumpcars,travelling cranes and machinery ofa similar sort used in large industrialplants. It was the American branch ofa great German business which hasbranches in all the great countries of theworld. It was never naturalized by becomingan American corporation, and itsmanagers never showed any desire to becomeAmerican citizens. For nearlytwenty years it had been operating undera system which required its managers tosubmit to the home office-the plans andspecifications of every industrial planton which it made bids for materials to befurnished. Its product has gone intomost of the great industrial plants of theUnited States, and specifications, floorplans, and elevations of these plants havelikewise gone to the home office of the

20 Crushing the German Advance in American IndustryOrenstein - Arthur Actiengesellschaft, atBerlin. Similarly, the eighteen branchesof German insurance companies in thiscountry collected for their own use detailedplans and drawings of all the propertyinsured by them, with especial referenceto the hazard of the insured buildingsfrom fire, explosion, or other causes.Whether these interesting circumstanceshad any connection with the fact whichafterward became apparent, that whoeverwas planning the explosions which occurredin munition plants, seemed toknow the vulnerable points in which tocause the explosions, has been one of theunsolved riddles of the war.After the world war started, the Orenstein- Arthur Koppel Company took acontract to furnish certain railway suppliesto Russia, and the German agentswho were operating the plant became suddenlypossessed of the fear that in doingso they had violated the penal code of theFatherland in agreeing to furnish suppliesto an enemy of Germany. Inquiry bythem at the German Embassy in Washingtondeveloped the fact that it was aviolation, but the German agents at Koppelexpressed the hope that this violationof the German law might well be condonedin view of the fact that they were inposition to render a great service to theFatherland by taking the contract withRussia and failing to deliver the goods.This was fighting the war in Pennsylvaniain the days when we were trying in goodfaith to be neutral.The Bosch Magneto Company, by secretownership of the stock of competitors,had reached a point where it controlledmore than half of the business in thiscountry in magnetos and battery ignitionsystems. It secretly owned the majorpart of another magneto company, andthrough stock ownership controlled thelargest producer of moulded insulation, aproduct which was essential to the magnetoindustry. It had acquired for abouta million dollars another competitor,whose plant was promptly shut down anddismantled. In addition to these investments,the Bosch Magneto Companyowned and operated a well-equipped factoryat Springfield, Massachusetts, withbranches at Detroit, Chicago, and SanFrancisco, and, when the war opened, itsproducts had obtained first place in theminds of the American purchasing public.It was ostensibly American-owned.It had only twenty-five thousand dollarsof capital stock, though it was afterwardsold to American purchasers for four millionone hundred and fifty thousand dollars,and of this stock all but a few sharesstood in the name of American citizens,who at first steadfastly insisted that therewas no enemy interest in the company.Despite this alleged American ownershipduring the period of our neutrality, thecompany was openly pro-German in itssympathies and activities. Though itmanufactured a product highly importantin war, it refused to sell anything to eitherthe allied governments or to any purchaserssuspected of being interested forthe allied governments. It did this underan alleged impartial business policyof refusing to supply materials for anybelligerent, but it was, of course, playingGermany's game. When the UnitedStates went into the war the companystill held back, and it was not until aftera most searching investigation, followedby a confession by the men who had concealedthe enemy ownership, that theAlien Property Custodian was able totake over the business. When he didtake it over, he made the Government ofthe United States its preferred customer,and at the time of the armistice was furnishingeighty-five per cent of the productof the Bosch Magneto Company to thisgovernment for war purposes.The Bosch Magneto Company presentsan interesting example of the Germanmethod of invading our market.Bosch had taken out a large number ofAmerican patents. The Bosch MagnetoCompany was permitted to use these patents,but when that company was takenover as enemy property, it was learnedthat it had no title whatever to the patents,either by assignment, license, orotherwise. Bosch had simply been permittinghis own company to use themwithout paying royalty or license fee, relyingfor his compensation upon theenormous profits which the companycould earn in the manufacture of theproduct for his benefit. It was this circumstancethat first carried convictionto the minds of our investigators that the

Crushing the German Advance in American Industry 21American owners of the stock were, infact, dummies.Down in the Virgin Islands is the beautifulharbor of St. Thomas. At the mostadvantageous point in that harbor, theHamburg-American line built a greatterminal, consisting of land, buildings,docks, warehouses, water-tanks, and cisterns,lighters, motor - boats, loadingparaphernalia, and coaling facilities.This plant had all the characteristics ofa naval base; it is significant that itsprincipal building commanding the harboris of reinforced concrete, the plaza infront of it having an eight-foot foundationof concrete fit for gun emplacements.When we contemplate the fact that bythis convenient arrangement a ship of theHamburg-American line, a corporationsubsidized by the German Empire, andin which the Kaiser was a stockholder, atany moment might have unloaded longrangeguns from its hold, and promptlyput them in position to command theentrance to the Caribbean Sea, we mayhave some substantial clue to the reasonwhich prompted Germany in bringingsufficient influence to bear upon Denmarkto prevent the sale, whenever Americain the last twenty-five years sought toacquire the Danish West Indies.St. Thomas lies forty miles east ofPorto Rico in the very track of vesselssailing to and from Europe, Central andSouth America, the West Indies, PanamaCanal, and the Gulf and Atlantic coastStates. Its splendid harbor enjoys marvellousnatural protection, and can beeasily fortified. Germany clung to thisproperty with amazing tenacity. Whenwe came to investigate its ownership, wefound the title to be apparently in aDanish lawyer of St. Thomas, one Jorgenseh,who claimed that on January 22,1917, five days after the United Stateshad purchased the Islands from Denmark,he himself had purchased the propertyfrom the business agent of the Hamburg-American line, who was also the GermanConsul at St. Thomas. The sole considerationin this pretended sale was Jorgensen'snote for two hundred and tenthousand dollars, which he gave his client;—the Hamburg-American line—payablein three months without interest, andwith the provision that it should be renewedevery three months until after thewar. Jorgensen had the deed for theproperty, as well as his note, while theGerman Consul had a copy of the noteand was continuing in charge. The AlienProperty Custodian took both note anddeed, and Jorgensen finally executed adeed quitclaiming his title to the AlienProperty Custodian, by whom the propertywas sold for the same amount of twohundred and ten thousand dollars to theGovernment of the United States, and itwill now become an American naval base.The time will doubtless come when theHamburg-American line will protest thatthe Custodian sold the property to thegovernment for too low a price, but thecircumstances are such that, caught intheir own trap, they will have to admitthat the price was fixed by their ownagents.Another interesting case is that of theGerman-American Lumber Company,whose valuable property is located on theshores of St. Andrew's Bay on the westcoast of Florida. It is interesting to observethat St. Andrew's Bay is said to bethe finest harbor on the Gulf of Mexico,and the nearest harbor in America to thePanama Canal. Here a typical Junker,a prince of the German Empire, ForstlichSchamburg Holfkammen, had made alarge investment running into millions.He seems never to have visited the property,nor received any dividends or otherearnings from it, but allowed the profitsto be returned to the business, and furtherinvestments made until the company hadacquired more than a hundred thousandacres of timber lands near the bay. TheGerman Consul at Pensacola was the secretaryof the company, while its chiefofficer changed about every two years; ineach case, however, being a man who wassent there by Germany from a similarenterprise in South America. Vigorousopposition was offered by the companyto an American railroad which sought topenetrate its lands to the water's edge.Its lands were so situated that, if theAmerican Government itself had desiredto build terminal facilities for its own useupon its own harbor, to open quick anddirect communication with the PanamaCanal, it would have had to deal with theGerman Empire. When we took over

22 Crushing the German Advance in American Industrythis property we found the files in thecompany's office filled with the Pan-German literature which was a part ofthe German propaganda in America, andI verily believe it was one of the chief spycentres in the country.The Hamburg-American Line's officein New York was a meeting place for allthe German agents in America beforewe entered the war, and the terminals ofthis company and of the North GermanLloyd Line were expected to be the gatesthrough which Germany would againcome into her own in the commercialwarfare to which she looked forward whenher plans for the military wing of herarmy had come to a successful issue. Ithas recently come to light that in everyneutral country Germany had placed hercommercial agents fully equipped tostart immediately upon cessation of hostilitiesin Europe. It is said that as manyas one hundred and fifty thousand Germansalesmen were in Spain alone. Theywere furnished with price-lists, samples,and all the necessary equipment for pushingGerman trade in every part of theworld; activities which were, of course,predicated upon Germany's winning thewar, a result which German business mennever doubted, certainly not until Americaentered the lists.Examples of this sort might be multipliedindefinitely. They all go to showan abuse of American hospitality whichis almost unbelievable, and prove thatGermany's plan was not to trade with theworld, but to conquer the world by trade.How far the morale of the German peoplewas broken when the great interests ofthat country realized that the sale of theirAmerican businesses to American citizenswould require them to start all over againin their plan of invasion of American markets,will never be known until the truehistory of the great world war has beenwritten. Herr Ballin, of the Hamburg-American line, realized what it meantwhen his dream of world-wide commercialempire was shattered by the simple announcementon the part of the UnitedStates that the Hamburg-American Lineterminal facilities on the Hudson Riverhad been sold to the United States Government,which might treat with Germanyas to the disposition of the sum ofseven million dollars, which was put intothe Treasury as against the day of accounting,but would never consider thereturn of the properties themselves.The United States had already, byCongressional action, divested the Hamburg-AmericanLine and the North GermanLloyd Line of both the possessionand title to more than sixty ships whichhad been interned here in 1914. Thesewere being appraised under the Act ofCongress, with the plain purpose of usingtheir value, and not the ships themselves,as the basis for any possible future negotiationwith their owners. The ImperialGerman Government, by a note conveyedto the State Department through theSwiss Legation, made strenuous protestagainst the Americanization of theseships and terminal facilities, declaringthis action on the part of our country tobe "an endeavor to shackle throughmeasures of force the opportunities ofGerman shipping interests to develop inthe future." This vigorous protest was,of course, inspired by the Hamburg-American Line interests in Germany,whose managers are said to have protestedto the Kaiser himself that his conductin pursuing the war would destroythe German economic existence everywherein the world. They knew she hadalready lost the war no matter what theresults might be upon the military fieldsof battle. The Kaiser did not desist,and America did not weaken, and HerrBallin in desperation finally committedsuicide.The Bayer Company, the Orenstein-Arthur Koppel Company, and the German-AmericanLumber Company havenow all gone into American hands, andare real American corporations, operatedwith honest American capital. Fullvalues were paid for them, and the purchaseprice is in the Treasury of theUnited States to the credit of the formerGerman owners, to be disposed of afterthe war "as Congress shall determine."The same effective plans have been carriedout with relation to the German investmentin other lines of industry.Their hold upon chemicals, dye-stuffs,and pharmaceuticals, steel products, surgicalinstruments, electrical appliances,and many other essential products, has

Crushing the German Advance in American Industry 23been effectually broken, and America vance in the commercial warfare uponhas been emancipated from the dominion which she had embarked with the aim ofof the German industrial invader. And dominating the trade of the world.yet, of the thirty-five thousand trust estatesThese investments were not alone takenbeing administered by the Alien from the enemy by the Custodian, butProperty Custodian, it is safe to say that they have been placed in American handsno more than five thousand are of the for all time. The total value of such investmentscharacter here referred to. The remainderwill probably not exceed oneconstitute the private investment of hundred and fifty million dollars, aboutthe individual German subject, who one-fifth of the entire enemy investmentlooked upon America as a land of promise in the United States, but their potentialwhere his surplus capital might well be value was greater than all the rest. Theemployed. Such individual investments blow struck at Germany, while the warwere no part of the German scheme ofindustrial control, and differed from thewas at its height, by the capture of thisindustrial army on American soil, was alarge investments in industries dominatedstroke of no small importance.or controlled by German capital, inthat they had no connection with theIt is impossible even yet to measure thefull strength of the weapon which wasfinancial or political powers in Germany. employed in the war when the GermanownedIt has never been contemplated that suchpatents were taken over and soldindividual investments should be put to Americans. The situation in a singleupon the auction block. The Alien Propertyindustry is sufficient to indicate the imceivedCustodian has demanded and reportanceof this step. Chemistry, morethousands of pieces of property, than any other science, is the very foundationconsisting of real estate, mortgages, bonds,of a far-flung line of industry. Onestocks, and personal property of every has but to look about him, for example,kind and description, which are being at the essential part which colors play inheld by him until the peace settlement all the necessities, comforts, and luxuriesshall have determined the status of of life, to realize the grip which the controlenemy property, and Congress shall haveof the dyestuff industry has upon thelegislated upon the subject. It would be people. Its by-products touch alike theeasily possible to return all of this propertyhealth, well-being, the very life of thein kind to the individual owners, if people. In peace, and even more in war,that should be determined to be the chemistry paints the whole picture ofproper policy, or, it could be rapidly convertedprogress. America's social and economic,into cash, if it should be deter­mined to use the value of enemy propertyin America as a liquid fund in the settlementof damages against the enemypossibly even her political, independenceis not safe unless the industries dependentupon the development of the science ofchemistry are open to American geniuspowers. There is plenty of evidence, and energy. We have to confess, I think,however, to sustain the finding that most that Germany has been ahead of Americaof the enemy investments in the essential in the commercial application of this science.industries in the United States were madeThe great dyestuff, pharmaceuti­under circumstances which indicated a cal and chemical business which Germanygovernmental policy on the part of Germany.built up gave her a practical monopoly ofThey were in many cases fi­the American markets, either because shenanced by the Deutsche Bank or theDisconto Gesellschaft, or were cartelcontrolledand a part of the imperialcontrolled subsidiary corporations herewhich were permitted to use some of herpatents, or because as in most cases sheeconomic and commercial plans. In effectually shut off American effort bysome cases they were even subsidized by preventing the development of chemistrythe government. These were the investmentsand its use in America by her patentswhich marked the outposts of processes and products. Recognizingof' German Kultur upon the American that the chemical industry is the greatcontinent. They were the investments key which opens the door to the manufacturewhich marked Germany's greatest ad­of explosives, before we entered the

24 Crushing the German Advance in American Industrywar, Germany had made the industry almosta state institution. The Germanproducers in chemical lines were combinedin two cartels, representing an aggregatecapitalization of ten billion dollars, andthe American industry was thus put incompetition, not with the individual Germanproducer, but with the German Empireitself. Its system was to confine allchemical research and important productionwork to Germany itself, while itsarms reached into every other countryfor purposes of distribution.the sole voting power. All the stock is inthe control of a committee of votingtrustees, under whose direction there willbe granted the use upon equal terms bythe entire industry of the processes andproducts covered by the patents, so asto prevent the monopoly by any onemanufacturer of the patented products.Under the power granted by the secondamendment to the Trading with theEnemy Act, which I have recited, theAlien Property Custodian seized fourthousand five hundred German patentsin the chemical industry alone, and conveyedthem to a corporation known asthe Chemical Foundation, Incorporated,which was formed by the association ofnearly all the dye and chemical trade—both producers and distributors—for thepurpose of acquiring the patents. Thisis a corporation which has a capital stockof four hundred thousand dollars preferred,and one hundred thousand common.No single interest has more thanone share of the common stock, which hasThe corporation has released the Governmentof the United States from alldamage claims for alleged infringementsof these German-owned patents by reasonof the use of the inventions by the governmentin the production of war materials.It seemed obvious that the UnitedStates should not be called upon to payroyalties to its enemies for the manufactureof explosives or other necessary warmaterials employed in a war for whichthe owners of the patents and theirfriends were responsible. The licensefees for the use of these patents will beused by the Chemical Foundation for theadvancement of chemical and allied industrialsciences by research. I have nodoubt that the organization of this institution,which was the result of a patrioticeffort on the part of an ambitious industryto carry out a well-defined governmentalpolicy in co-operation with theAlien Property Custodian, will prove •the most important step yet taken forthe upbuilding of industrial chemistry inAmerica. Tariff protection has provedutterly unavailing in the past. The patentswhich have been transferred to theChemical Foundation include many Germanpatents taken out as late as 1917,and even in 1918, as well as many applicationsstill pending. They include theresults of the research, upon which mustbe based the manufacture of any newdyes which the Germans are now able toproduce and market. Accordingly, theChemical Foundation will be able to protectthe American industry for a considerableperiod, for new chemical productsonly appear several years after patentsare taken out, and a few years will sufficeto put the American industry in a placewhere it can hold its own.The British and French have adopteda system of licensing imports, whichamounts to an embargo against Germandyes, but the American plan of operationunder the Chemical Foundation willdoubtless prove quite as effective. Theopportunities which the Foundation offersto competent research scientists areexpected to exceed those of any institutionunconnected with industry, and itmay well be possible that great benefitsto humanity may result from this researchwork. Discoveries of curativemedicines of great value may be hopefullyanticipated. At any rate, the planputs the American industry firmly on itsfeet, and the students of chemistry inAmerica may now go forward in the developmentof the science for commercialpurposes, with the knowledge that theirefforts will not be forestalled nor stifledby the German chemical octopus whichhas so long deprived the chemists of everycountry of the incentive to individualeffort.

DEAD MEN'S SHOESBy Gordon Hall GerouldILLUSTRATIONS BY JAMES MONTGOMERYFLAGGDAVID LLOYD sat in hislibrary, chewing the stemof an unlighted pipe. Itwas called his library, hereflected bitterly, though itwas no more his than wasthe rest of the house. Something like halfof the books on the shelves he had placedthere: they were things he had chosen—his own. The other half went with theroom, which wasn't his at all. He scowledferociously at space and gave himselfover, with tense preoccupation, to analysisof his troubles.He hadn't worried about the matterat first. He wondered now that he couldhave been so foolish; wondered so hardthat he screwed his blue eyes into pinholesand rumpled his hair into a wilderdisorder. He had been so much in lovewith Edith that he had taken everythingfor granted, including her wealth and hisown poverty. It had all seemed easyenough, and it had sounded so as she hadput the matter to him at the time. Whatdid it matter, Edith had argued, wherethe money came from, since it was therefor them to use together ? He had acquiescedrather weakly, as he saw now, lettingher generous impulse and his own desireovercome his scruples. He had felt,indeed, that to insist on any other arrangementwould be despicable in him;that he ought to accept this, withoutquestioning and without jealousy, as heaccepted the fact of poor Bob Haskinswho had died. The money had beenBob's, certainly, just as Edith had been;and if Edith had emerged for him out ofthe clouds of her sorrowful widowhood, tobe his thereafter while life endured, thecircumstance that she brought with hera life interest in a fortune destined ultimatelyto little Jack, had seemed no impedimentto their perfect union. Love,he had thought heedlessly, would makeeverything right.Well! It hadn't. He loved Edithjust as much as he ever did. He insistedon that, clung to it, even in his presentbitterness of spirit. Not for an instantwould he admit to himself the possibilitythat his love had wilted a little, thoughthe thought insinuated itself now andagain into his ordinarily clear-thinkingbrain. He banished the notion wheneverit crept into his head, chased it from himobstinately, not from any hypocrisy offeeling, but because he was determined tohold the inner citadel of his heart to thevery last. Things were strained betweenEdith and himself—or, more exactly, betweenhimself and Edith—that was all.He didn't know, as a matter of fact,what Edith felt. She had never so muchas hinted that she was disturbed by thesituation they had reached. She hadnever once reproached him, during theselatter months while his discomfort hadbeen growing, with his comparative poverty.She had never said that she lovedhim and respected him the less becausehe continued to live in her house and lether pay the bills. It wasn't that. Theirsurface of marital amenities had remainedunbroken. Only he had seemed to perceiveunderneath her habitual sweetnessof behavior a growing disdain, as if shewere more and more coming to considerhim one of her possessions: a chattel of asuperior kind that could look after herbusiness and act as a personal attendant.She seemed never to think of his positionas a landless man whose only hold on theworld of property was energy and intelligence;she never referred to his affairs asdistinguishable from her own.He could go on for the present, he supposed,just as he had been going on, theselast months. If only on account of thebaby, that was almost necessary. Besides,Jack helped in a way. He was bothfond and proud of six-year-old Jack.The boy wasn't his, of course, and sometimesserved as a reminder of all the otherthings that weren't his; but he was such25

26Dead Men's Shoesa splendid little chap that one couldn'tpossibly grudge him the affection he won,quite as one accepted gratefully the devotionhe gave. Lloyd did not separatethe two children in his mind. As a matterof fact, he was much closer to the boy,who was old enough to be a jolly companionof sorts, than to tiny Agatha,whose speech and step were still halting.The children, together, made the situationjust possible.Lloyd got up at length and stretchedhimself, though his scowl did not relax.Edith would be coming in soon, he supposed,and must be met. She had thehabit of coming in as the evening wore on:an old habit from the days when separationwas painful to them both. Theevenings when they didn't go out andhadn't guests were the freest time theyhad together, and always had been. Thedifficulty now was that this intimate hourinvited, and almost provoked, discussion,which would be the least desirable thingin the world. He might pretend, ofcourse, to have work to do, but he wasunaccustomed to stoop to petty deceit.Edith knew, moreover, perfectly well thathis solid business could be managed in'business hours. She would be worried ifhe began to play with papers in the evening.No, he couldn't dispose of Edith'svisit without being rude. And wasn't it,after all, he asked himself with a suddenaccess of bitterness, even more Edith's librarythan his own?Mrs. Lloyd entered as he put the questionshe declared with conviction. "Somestant,to himself. She paused for an inthinghas been the matter for weeks, dar­framed in the tall doorway, with ling." Her voice took on a new color asan unconscious grace that few portraitpaintersthe term of endearment passed her lips.could have reproduced. She was " I'm afraid you've been working too hardslender and dark—altogether a lovely at those horrid mills. Shan't we pack upfigure if her husband had chanced to have and go South for a change?"an eye for her. In spite of her two children—andLloyd looked at her accusingly. Sheher two husbands—there was ought to have known that he couldn'ta look of clear-skinned virginal freshness drop his business like that, especiallyabout her that women seldom keep to now, when he had laid all his plans to developtheir thirtieth year. the mills to their fullest capacity.She did not stop topose at the door: merely hesitated for onemoment, then glided silently into theHe had explained everything to her as induty bound, and he got no considerationroom. Edith Lloyd's carriage was famousat all. "You can take the children andin the circle where she was known. go if you want to," he said sulkily. "IIt was envied—and sometimes badly couldn't possibly leave."copied—by the women, and mentioned Her forehead puckered. " Surely youwith respectful admiration by the men. can if you need to. Your health is more"Bored, my dear?" she asked, com­important than anything else."ing up to Lloyd and touching his armgently."No. Why?""I thought you looked so. Perhapswe ought to have gone to the Dawsons',after all." She laughed."Oh. bother the Dawsons ! We didn'twant to go; and you found a perfectlygood excuse, didn't you?""Yes. I said we thought their foodbad, their house worse, and their mannersworst of all."Lloyd smiled with his lips, though hiseyes did not clear. Edith was amusing,of course. When one was with her, it waseasy to forget the trouble between them."Polite but firm, I conclude," he said."As polite as was necessary, and no endfirm," she amended. "I took three poorexcuses and made one perfectly good oneout of them. But I'm sorry I was soclever if you really wished to go.""I didn't. I'd rather die of starvationthan dine with the Dawsons oftener thanonce in six months.""But you are bored." Edith Lloydclasped her hands behind her and confrontedher husband solemnly."No, I'm not." He clung obstinatelyto the assertion, though he wondered thewhile whether it was good tactics. Perhapsit would have been wiser to admitboredom at once to save discussion.Edith seemed singularly assertive tonight."Something or other is the matter,"

Dead Men's Shoes 27"My health's all right," he answeredgrimly. It made him angry to haveEdith assume that she could pack him up,just as if he were one of her trunks, whenhe had work to do. Away from home,more respect was paid him. "I have toearn my living," he added.A look of pain came into Edith Lloyd'sdark eyes: a look he did not see. Withparted, eager lips she came nearer himand stretched out a timid hand. "Why,David dear," she said, "you don't haveto slave, do you? We've lots of money,really.""You have." He couldn't help utteringthe words, though he should haveknown how unfair a thrust they were. Itwas too much to have the difference intheir conditions touched on just now, nomatter how gently, when he was raw withthe sense of it."It doesn't matter whose the moneyis." Her hand touched him, but he drewaway. "It's ours to use. There's noneed for you to get pulled down with overwork.Can't you possibly leave the millsfor a month or six weeks ? ""No, I can't; and I wouldn't if Icould." He was maddened by her insistence.His sensitiveness made him indifferentto any pain except his own; hismind, for the moment, was like an inflamedwound. The torment of it excludedevery other thought. "Don't Iaccept enough from you, as it is," he wenton, "without neglecting my work? I'mnot a lap-dog."Her eyes widened. Her husband hadbeen morose of late, had looked overstrainedand far from well; but he hadnever in word or act been unkind. It wasdreadful, and it hurt. She could notunderstand, and in her amazement shewas terrified. Lloyd had been very carefulhitherto not to betray the unrest thathad been coming closer and closer tothe surface of his mind. Now that theturbid waters had broken forth, he wasincapable of realizing the effect of hiswords. The nerves that ordinarilywould have made him acutely aware ofany suffering endured by Edith did notreact: they seemed paralyzed. Helooked at his wife almost as if she hadbeen a stranger, and a rather repugnantstranger at that."David !" she gasped."Well, I'm not," he reiterated sullenly,cherishing the metaphor of the thing hewas not. "In order to keep up my end,I've got to work.""But you don't have to keep up yourend—not when you're ill, you poor boy."Edith Lloyd was more and more troubled,but she was growing less afraid. Nothingbut the approach of illness could explainDavid's strange unreasonableness, andthat roused her pity.Yet she could scarcely have chosen amore unfortunate phrase by which to expressher protest. It was absurd of himto mind, but he was goaded into fury bythe words. " I don't choose to be utterlydependent," he said, holding himself alittle in check simply because he was gettingso very angry. "You mean to begenerous, Edith, but you don't understandat all. I suppose it's natural; Isuppose you can't realize. Anyhow, I'msick of it."Tears came into Mrs. Lloyd's eyes, andshe grew very white; but she stood herground, trying to be reasonable, tryingnot to care. "No, I'm afraid I don't understand,"she returned quietly. "You'renot dependent on me at all, as a matterof fact. The salary you get from themills is enough, of itself, to keep all of usgoing. I can't see ""You can't see that I'm dependent onyou," he interrupted, "when even mysalary is paid by a company in which youown most of the stock?" The last restraintswere being swept away by theflood of his wrath. He no longer caredhow wildly he struck. "Don't I live inyour house, and drive your cars, and rideyour horses? I've been your playthingever since I married you. And now youtry to take me away from my work for thesake of a whim ! Am I allowed to spend acent of my income except on gewgaws andthe clothes I wear?""But why should you—why shouldyou, David?""Only for the sake of keeping a littleself-respect, I suppose. And you say youdon't understand that."Mrs. Lloyd was openly weeping now;but she stiffened as if she had beenstruck, and her black eyes flashed. "Inever said anything remotely resembling

28 Dead Men's Shoesthat, and I never thought it. You'revery unreasonable, David; you are, indeed.I don't see how self-respect comesinto it. We have the money. Why can'twe go on living this way? All your—allthe money you make will go to littleAgatha, won't it?""I dare say it would if I were willingto go on like this. As it happens, I'mnot. There's no use in crying, Edith.I'm not unreasonable, but I'm very tiredof being a mere hanger-on. That's all.If you want to go South with the children,you'd better go. I've other thingsto do. Don't cry, I beg of you."It was a poor attempt at dignity that heclutched at, and it accomplished nothing,even towards bolstering up his pride.That he did not see, any more than he sawthe flush that swept his wife's face. Althoughhis eyes were full upon her, hisown were too curtained by misery andanger to mark any change in her features.He was even a good deal surprised whenshe turned suddenly to leave the room.She was still dabbing at her eyes a little.He hadn't started the unpleasantness, hereflected in self-defense, but he was gladto have the talk at an end."I can't think what is the matter,David," Edith Lloyd flung at him overher shoulder, as she went. "You're veryungrateful, anyhow."Ungrateful! Only that was needed tocomplete the break between them. IfEdith felt it proper for him to regard heras a benefactor, her fine protestationsweren't worth much. He was confirmedin his worst suspicions. The situationhad become intolerable. It had been intolerablefrom the start, no doubt, but itcould not be borne now that he had grownconscious of it. He had been a fool; theyhad both been fools; but he would haveno more of it. He would find a way out.He had never quarrelled seriously withEdith before, and he had all the dislikeof heroics that is inbred in his kind. Butto be called ungrateful when he was tryinghis best to escape from a false position! When he wished to escape fromthe necessity of being grateful at all!His resentment focussed itself upon hiswife. As she disappeared through thedoorway, he scowled at her instead ofspace.When she had gone, he threw himselfinto a chair and tried to discover justwhere the interview left him. He wasfagged after a hard day at the office.Edith was right about that, though sheexaggerated absurdly in supposing that heneeded a holiday. He hated to think tonight,but he must see the thing clear beforehe slept. His anger dropped suddenlyas soon as he began to put the caseto himself, and he felt listless. He had toforce himself, in order to go on thinkingat all. He was very sorry that Edith hadmade a scene. It was all her fault. Forhis part, he could have discussed the situationquite calmly except for her tears andher exhibition of temper. He hadn'trealized that she was capable of behavingso badly, but then he hadn't realized howcompletely she regarded him as her slave.Well: he would see. One ought neverto be drawn into an argument with awoman.For the moment, he admitted, it wouldhave been more convenient to go on livingas they had been living—largely onEdith's income. The capital he had accumulatedwasn't much compared withher fortune—or Jack's, rather; and hehad uses for all he could make. With hisincome free, and if he had good luck, hewould be a rich man on his own accountafter a few years. The idea had beenthat little Agatha would be provided forin that way. But he couldn't sacrificehis self-respect any longer, especially sinceEdith had confirmed his suspicions as toher attitude. He would insist hereafteron paying at least his share of family expenses.If necessary, he would have touse a high hand in the matter.Edith must accept the changed situationas best she could. Her irritationwould pass, naturally. Possibly he himselfhad been a little hasty, and he mustbe kind to her. He wouldn't forgive hertoo easily for her rotten thrust at him asshe went out; but he wouldn't, on theother hand, be too stiff when she came tomake up the quarrel. The longer hethought about it, the more clearly he sawthat what had seemed a serious break betweenthem needn't be anything morethan a passing storm. It might even leadto a better understanding. He was perfectlycalm now, and he was sure that he

Dead Men's Shoes 29had been altogether in the right, eventhough he hadn't, perhaps, managed theirtalk very tactfully.By the time he had smoked a cigar tothe end and was ready to go to bed, hewas more at peace than he had been for along while. It had done him good to getthe matter aired. Nevertheless, he feltdisinclined to kiss his wife good-night.If she happened to be awake, there wouldinevitably be more conversation, whichhe didn't desire. So he went to bed veryquietly, neglecting altogether the invitationto peace that was offered by the halfopendoor between their rooms.When he woke in the morning, the doorwas closed. Edith had breakfasted, indeed,before he got down-stairs. This wasa variation from their usual habits thattroubled him a little. In the light of asunny day, he was merciful. He wouldhave been ready to face his wife in a conciliatoryspirit over coffee and toast, eventhough he felt very tired and irritable;and he was sorry that she wasn't on handto make the proper overtures. Jackdanced in, bringing his habitual atmosphereof comic opera; and Agatha camemore decorously, led by a nurse. Bothchildren went out to play, but Edith didnot appear. It made him uneasy; itseemed almost as if she were deliberatelyavoiding him, which was wrong of her.She should have known that the way toplay the game was to be on hand, readywith words of reconciliation if they foundit possible to make up their differencesbriefly, but in any case ready to gloss overtheir disagreement before the household.It was rather sneaking of her to keep outof sight and sound like this.He decided that he couldn't decentlyask for her or go to look for her. Sheknew that he had to start for his office atquarter to nine, and had no time forsentiment before working hours. If shechose to sulk, she must take the consequences.So, without seeing Edith or leaving anymessage for her, he took the light car fromthe garage and drove away, not manyminutes behind his daily schedule. Thecold air freshened him. Through forceof habit, he began to think of business assoon as he left the house; and he wasquite ready, by the time he had reachedthe mills, to take up the reins of government.As it happened, he had two or threequestions of some importance to settlethat morning, and he was engulfed socompletely by the tide of affairs that hehad no leisure to think of his wife andchildren till the midday pause. Eventhen, he found no space to worry aboutdifficulties at home or to brood upon hisprivate wrongs, for he had to take a valuableand restive customer to lunch at hisclub. He told his secretary to telephoneto his house that he would not come homeuntil the late afternoon, and thoughtlittle more about it. To be sure, he hadan irritating sense, while he plied his commercialacquaintance with argument andfood, that something was going wrongwith him; but he gave himself up to thematter in hand with such concentratedzeal that he was not very greatly disturbed.It was about Edith, of course.It was something he must set right whenhe got home. But never mind now.Anderson must buy fifty thousand at thevery least; he mustn't be allowed to slipaway after the sales department hadbrought him so nearly to scratch.In the middle of the afternoon, Lloydsat in his quiet office, greatly pleased withhimself and with the turn things hadtaken. He was assured that the millswould be kept running for the next twelvemonths at a pace they had never knownbefore. The directors would be pleased,and they might well be. Bob Haskins—poor Bob, who was dead—had neverdone business on such a scale as this. Hewould make his hesitating board authorizeat once the enlargement of the plantthat he had been considering for a year.He would begin work on it as soon as theweather permitted.In upon these happy meditations brokea messenger-boy, who had somehowforced himself past the barriers of theouter office. He had been told to surrenderthe note he carried into the handsof no one save Mr. Lloyd, and with dashingIrish gallantry he had accomplishedthe feat. The note was timely, DavidLloyd thought, as he opened it. Edithhad made up her mind to beg his pardonbefore he reached home. It was very decentof her, and very pretty; especially

30 Dead Men's Shoesgratifying, since the word came on top ofhis happy stroke of business. But whenhe read the note, his face fell.Instead of asking forgiveness, or proposingan armistice, or doing any of thepossible things she might have done, hiswife said that she was going away. Thenote was brief, but it contained a varietyof information: she was taking his adviceand going South with the children and anurse; she was leaving directions that allhousehold bills and the like be turnedover to him for payment; she had madeno plans about coming back; she hopedhe would be happy in his independence;she was taking the train at 3.35 and givingthe servants the impression that he wasto meet her at the station. It was all verybusinesslike and by no means unfriendlyin tone. Except for the dig about thebills, it was altogether considerate ofhis feelings, while the arrangements bywhich a meeting was evaded saved bothof them from immediate gossip.David Lloyd crumpled the note andthrust it, unconsidered, into a pocket.He looked at his watch. It was exactly3.40. The message had been nicelytimed to prevent action. There wasnothing he could do—nothing whatever.Since Edith had chosen to make a foolof herself and of him, and had workedout her plan so carefully, he was powerless.He could follow her, of course; buthe couldn't in decency bring her back fora few weeks to come—not until her absenceexplained itself plausibly as asudden flight from midwinter snows.Moreover, he couldn't be sure that shewould come back to him at once or atall. The note sounded as if she meantnot to come back. She was sufficientlyindependent of him; much too independentto follow his commands or yield tohis entreaties if she was really determinedon a break.The blow was incredible in its swiftness.Lloyd rose unsteadily, with a vague sensethat he must act. Then he sank downinto his chair. He could do nothingwhatever, now or later, except stay on inEdith's house and manage Edith's business,until she chose to divorce him onsome trumped-up excuse or other—desertion,probably! That must be whatshe contemplated. Indeed, she musthave been preparing to make the movefor some time. That conclusion forceditself upon him. She couldn't possiblyhave gone away on account of anything sotrivial as their dispute of the previousevening. Such desperate matters asflight, with divorce as its goal, weren'tdecided upon in a moment. She wouldnever have gone simply and solely becausehe had once lost his temper whiledowncast about his position. She musthave been awaiting the occasion that hisoutbreak gave her.One thing was certain; one thing hecould do. He would fight for the custodyof the children if it came to a fight in thecourts. Edith needn't think she coulddeceive him, and desert him, and still keepher children. At least, she couldn't haveAgatha. Jack—of course Jack she couldhave, hang it! He wished the boy hadbeen his—he wished—oh God!For a few minutes his head whirled ina tumult of longing and jealousy andanger that was too incoherent to be recorded.He went down into bottomlessabysses of rage and brought up with himunspeakable suspicions and primevalcurses. He dropped his cultivated inhibitionsand lost consciousness of himself asanything more than a seething caldronof emotion. He slipped back into savageryand experienced, for a little time, theugly feelings of countless dead generations.After a quarter-hour he came to himself,spent and rather horrified. Wonderinglyhe resumed his self-command, forhe was not sure what had happened tohim and had no wish to know. Withwhite face and tight lips, he turned to theroutine work that was still to be accomplishedbefore evening, and despatched itwithout permitting his thoughts to wander.The hardest moment came when hereached home. The smiling maid wholet him in asked if Mrs. Lloyd had gotsafely off, and had to be told that she had.That twisted the knife in his wound.The situation seemed intolerable, an absurdfantasy of unreason. Was Edithreally gone ? Why had she gone ? Therewas no sense in any of it, though it wasactuality. Of that he became profoundlyaware from the feeling of quiet emptiness

Dead Men's Shoes 31that pervaded the house. He tried toact as though nothing were amiss, and hesucceeded well enough outwardly, but hewas depressed as he had never been before.Later he attempted to persuade himselfthat he was exaggerating the significanceof Edith's flight; that she had gonein a burst of temper and would soon beready to come back to him. But he gotlittle comfort from the notion. Edithwasn't easily roused to anger, and she hadhad no real provocation. The causes ofher flight must go back of their miserablequarrel, the evening before, back to antipathiesand resolutions that he couldn'tfathom. Now that he was calmer, hewas convinced that he could not reasonablybe jealous of any man living; buthe wondered—wondered in the darkhours before he slept—whether Bob Haskins(Bob Haskins, who was dead) wasequally innocent.After some days, during which he didhis work like an intelligent automaton,and had no word of Edith, he became convincedthat his wife had somehow driftedaway from him—though quite inexcusably—andwould not come back to him atall. While he had been chafing under theyoke of his economic dependence, shehad perhaps returned to her earlier love.In that case, she must have been glad ofany excuse to withdraw, though he had toadmit that up to the very last she hadkept the outward semblance of affectionquite wonderfully. Just how the matterstood he could not tell; but he sufferedfrom his retrospective jealousy moreacutely than from any other of the ills hehad to bear.At the end of a fortnight, he was beatento his knees by passion and uncertaintyand loneliness. Besides, he realized nowthat he was weary in mind and body, andneeded a rest. His wife had been rightabout that. It had become increasinglydifficult, day by day, to keep his brain atits tasks. He would willingly have writtento Edith, begging her to come back onany terms she chose to make, only hehadn't her address. He would have goneto find her if he hadn't seen the folly of attemptinga search through several statesfor an errant wife. He thought of settingsome detective agency on her trail, buthe couldn't stoop to that. If she wishedto disappear for the time being, she mustbe allowed to do so. It was unspeakableof her, but it couldn't be helped. He wastamed; he was cured of any longing forpersonal freedom; he was willing to beEdith's slave forever. At the same time,his anger did not wholly evaporate. Altogether,he was in a state of mind as pitiableas it was illogical.It was almost three weeks after EdithLloyd's departure, however, before anythinghappened. Then, when her husbandhad quite given over hope thatanything would happen until a suit fordivorce was entered, the stroke came withdramatic suddenness. Edith telegraphed.Lloyd was in his office when the messagecame. An hour later, he was aboardthe afternoon express, headed southward.Haggard with anxiety and physically exhaustedby his wild rush to catch thetrain, he shut the door of his compartmentand leaned back against the cushions.His hand trembled like an oldman's as he took out the telegram tostudy it. It had been sent from Aiken."Jack ill. Please come if you can.Send money anyhow. Sorry for mess."EDITH."That was all, but it needed elucidation.Jack's illness, whatever it was, poor lad!might have brought Edith to her senses.But why was she asking him for money?And what about the mess, for which shewas sorry ? What did she mean by that ?Half a dozen interpretations of the wordswere equally plausible. Edith might atleast have taken the trouble, he thoughtbitterly, to say whether Jack's illness wasa mere childish ailment or a serious matter.Indeed, after the hot excitement ofhis departure, a revulsion of feeling shookLloyd. He was agonized lest Jack mightbe dying, and he realized, more completelythan ever before, that he loved the boyas he would love a son of his own fleshand blood; but he grew hot with angeragainst Edith again. He persuaded himselfthat, except on the child's account,he would have disregarded the summonsand let his wife work out her problems forherself. It was cool of her to appeal tohim as soon as she got into trouble, after

32 Dead Men's Shoescasting him off as she had done. If onlylittle Jack weren't perhaps dying !He relented towards Edith, however,after a little, when his imagination picturedher, distraught and desperate, besidethe bed of the sick boy—who was herown flesh and blood, after all, even thoughnot his. And the wholly inexplicable difficultyabout money softened him. Shewas heedless about such things, it wastrue, and needed to be cared for. Shemight have made some absurd mistake,and have been frightened by it.To the drum-beat of the revolvingwheels, through the evening and thenight, he tried to understand the errandon which he was going; and tried to understandthe state of his own feelings, butwith little success. Everything was in ahopeless tangle that might or might notbe straightened out when he reachedAiken. He did his best to sleep, but hecould not; and he watched the moonlitlandscape flit by the window, through thelong hours, until dawn grew white uponthe ragged forests of the Carolinas.When he got out of the train at Aiken,he had no choice but to make his way tothe chief hotel in the place and trust toluck that he should find Edith and thechildren there. He was fevered by thenight and almost light-headed with weariness.Even the objects he touchedseemed to lack substance, and everythinghe saw, to be the pallid setting of a dream." Mrs. Lloyd was hoping you might getthrough by this train," said a cheerfulclerk at the desk, as Lloyd wrote his namein the register. "I'm glad the little boyis so much better."" Is he ? Thanks. That's good news,"Lloyd mumbled, turning to follow a bellboyup-stairs.He dreaded meeting his wife, for hecouldn't guess what the encounter wouldbe like. His own feelings were too mixedto give him a proper cue; and what Edithwas up to was beyond him. If the clerkreported her aright, she had certainlybeen counting on him to come without delay,which was cheeky of her, to say theleast. And his anxiety about Jack hadbeen uncalled for, it appeared.The door of a sunlit room opened tohim. He shut it quickly behind him ashe stepped in: no grinning bell-boy shouldbe a witness of the scene. Edith Lloydstood quietly waiting for him. Shelooked tired and anxious, but she held herselfvery straight and put on a smile ofwelcome as she advanced to greet him."Oh, David, you have come!" shecried. "I'm so glad and so grateful!"Out of sheer habit and awkwardness,he took her outstretched hands andkissed her mechanically."How is Jack?" he asked. "They tellme he is better. Has he been very ill?Your telegram, you know ""Oh—my telegram!" Edith Lloydflushed. "I'm sorry if you were frightened,but I was dreadfully frightened, too.Jack was very sick, poor boy! It wasgastritis again, you see, but worse thanthe other attack. He's ever so much betterto-day, and will be quite all rightnow, I feel sure. The doctor sent a goodnurse. She's with him now, but he'sasleep."" I'm glad he's better. Naturally I wasfrightened. You told me nothing."Lloyd spoke with dry emphasis. Wornout as he was, he felt almost more hurtthan relieved to find that at least a portionof his alarm had been unnecessary.Edith had probably exaggerated the danger,and she had let him come the longjourney in the grip of needless fear."I know." Edith looked at him anxiously."It was very thoughtless of me,David. Of course you were terribly worried,and you shouldn't have been whenyou were so tired. I'm afraid you didn'tsleep at all.""I couldn't sleep much." He was stiffwith her. "That doesn't matter, however.""But it does matter," she answered."You must go to bed and rest, or I shallhave two sick people on my hands."He couldn't understand why she shouldconcern herself with his health, after runningaway from him and concealing herwhereabouts for three weeks. As a candidatefor the divorce-court, she had nobusiness to be advising him like that;and he resented her interference. "Ishall give you no trouble, I assure you,"he said. "Since I'm not needed here, Ican sleep very well on the train to-night.""You won't go back right away!" shecried in alarm.

Drawn by James Montgomery Flagg."Don't I accept enough from you, as it is, . . . without neglecting my work?"—Page 27.VOL. LXVI—3 33

34 Dead Men's Shoes"I think I may as well." He wasdazed, but he caught at the plan as theonly way that offered out of an awkwardsituation. What his wife was up to hecouldn't think: she acted as though theycould ignore their break and take uptheir life together without explanation."There seems to be no reason why Ishould stay," he added. "What's thetrouble about money, by the way?"Edith Lloyd blushed crimson and hungher head like a child. "That was too—too silly of me," she stammered. " I haveto throw myself on your mercy, David.You see, I got word from the bank athome that I had overdrawn my account,and I didn't know what to do. I had totelegraph to you. It never happened tome before."Lloyd frowned in perplexity. "Youraccount overdrawn ? Impossible, Edith."The habit of business took control of himand made him forget, for the moment, theterms on which he stood with her. " Unlessyou've been squandering thousandsdown here, it's incredible. Anyhow, thepeople at the bank had no business tobother you about it. I'll look into it atonce. Are you perfectly sure the noticewas intended for you?""It was properly addressed. There'sno doubt about that, but I thought I hada lot of money. I haven't spent morethan a few hundreds since—since I left—left home. I know I haven't."He did not notice her hesitations."They should have come to me," he saidirritably. "I can't understand it.""They wouldn't have known that Iwasn't there, would they?" she asked."The note from the bank was forwarded,of course.""You mean you left word?" Lloydcursed his stupidity. Of course she wouldhave had her letters forwarded."At the post-office, yes. I told them Iwanted to save you the trouble.""Then I might—at any time—" Hewas reflecting that a little plain senseshould have made him observe that noletters were coming for her. He ought tohave realized what she had done. Hemight have written, any day."Why, so you might! It hadn't occurredto me that I left such a plain clue."A faint smile began to trickle along herlips. "But I didn't suppose you'd wishto write. I was afraid you'd be too muchrelieved.""Relieved! What do you think I'mmade of, Edith?" Lloyd was incensed."Does a man like to have his wife clearout with the children, and not even leaveher address?""I saddled you with Jack," she repliedevasively. "With Agatha, too, for thatmatter. Only Jack ""I'm as fond of Jack as I am of Agatha,"he interrupted. He felt that Edithwas wantonly perverse. "I don't care ifI haven't any claim on him, as you so politelysuggest. It's outrageous of you, atthis time of day, to take that tack.""If you're going to scold me, David,I think I'll sit down. I'm a little tired."Mrs. Lloyd spoke with the meekness of asecond Griselda.Her husband looked at her for a momentwithout answering. She did seemvery much exhausted; she sank down on aconvenient and ugly sofa with a listlessnessthat was very different from herordinary alert grace of movement. Perhapshis alarm—and hers—about Jack,hadn't been so much exaggerated, afterall. Poor girl! No doubt she had putthrough some very bad days; and possiblyshe had minded the separation fromhim more than she had anticipated. Hefelt sorry for her, particularly as she hadherself to blame for all the trouble. Hehimself had been suffering horribly; andhe was worn out with it, as she had beenquick to see."I've no desire to scold you," he wenton, beginning to walk about the room nervously.He was more moved by the devastatedstate of the family as a whole—including himself—than he cared to acknowledge.At the same time, he couldn'tget over the notion that she was moreloyal to the memory of Bob Haskins thanto him. Otherwise, why should she haverun away as she had done? "I've onlythis to say," he proceeded. "You're afree agent—and Heaven knows you canbe as independent of me as you like—unlessyou happen to count marriage vowsas binding. If you wish to desert me, Ican't prevent your doing so. I do think,though, that it would have been bettermanners to leave an address.""I would, again, if you'd be bettersatisfied." Edith Lloyd's lurking smile

Drawn by James Montgomery Flagg."But what about that money?" Lloyd asked, straightening up.—Page 36.35

36 Dead Men's Shoesbecame more pronounced, in spite of theweariness that was expressed by every line"Will you really forgive me?" sheasked after a moment.of her inert figure. "Above everything, "Forgive you! Will you forgive me,one must be careful of one's manners." dearest? I've been a fool and a beast,Lloyd turned in his nervous stride and and I've been well paid for it."glanced at her suspiciously. It would be "And will you take me home as soon asabsurd of them to drift into a discussionof manners when there was nothing aheadJack is well?""No, I won't—not till all of us havebut divorce. Their eyes met for an instant,had a good holiday. I've changed mythen his were turned away. "It mind about several matters. Besides,isn't a question of manners, but of somethingI've got the mills where they can run onmore important," he declared se­their own impetus for a bit. I'll tele­verely. "You run away with the children,graph this afternoon."and hide; then, just as soon as you " It's rather funny. I mean, don't youget into a hole, you send for me in hot think it's rather funny—all of it together?"haste. What do you call that?"Edith ventured."Very naughty, I'm afraid. But I Still clasped in one another's arms, theyonly did it for your good, David. You shook with laughter.said you were sick of me. I ought to have "But what about that money?" Lloydtold you where I'd gone; I acknowledge asked, straightening up. "That's the absurdestthat."thing that has happened.""I didn't say I was sick of you. How "I can't imagine. But it isn't a joke,can you, Edith ? I may have said I was David. I ought to have money doledsick of the situation, and I was." out to me, dollar by dollar. I'm not"So was I. You were working yourselfto be trusted with a bank-account."to death, and all the time bothering Mrs. Lloyd was very penitent. "Therebecause I took it for granted that we wouldn't be any way for me to lose it,might just as well live on Jack's money as would there?"Agatha's. Isn't that true? I've thought "Let me think," he answered her. "Ifit all out since I came down here." the money isn't really in the bank, you"I suppose it has some truth," said must somehow have failed to put it in.Lloyd reluctantly. He was unwilling to Are you sure you deposited your quarterlyadmit the complete accuracy of the diagnosis,cheque from the mills ? You had one,but he couldn't deny the logic of the you know, about a month ago."statement."Oh, David!" Edith Lloyd hid her"Well, it isn't quite true that I came face on his shoulder in confusion. "I believeaway altogether for your good, Davidthat must be the trouble. I remem­dear," she went on. "I was angry, and ber now. I was intending to deposit it,I didn't understand. I've learned a lot and I must have left it in my desk when Iof things since, and I've missed you—oh, came away. I entered it in my chequebook,most dreadfully. and then forgot. I couldn't do it again,Wasn't it dread­even for you. I telegraphed partly becauseful of me!"Jack had frightened me—poor boy! "The cheque won't spoil." Lloyd—and partly because I couldn't stand it laughed again. It was singularly easy towithout you any longer. And I was pennilesslaugh. "Don't bother about it. I'llbesides," she ended ruefully. "I straighten things out. When am I to seecouldn't go home."the children, do you suppose?"David Lloyd stood before her, perplexed."Oh, my dear, I didn't think to tellHis mistrust and soreness of you. Agatha is out with Jane, but she'llheart had suddenly vanished. He be in soon now. Jane has been very goodcouldn't remain suspicious of poor dead about poor Jack. I think he'll wake beforeBob Haskins in the presence of a livinglong, and he'll be uproariously gladEdith; but he did not quite know what to see you, even if he is rather weak."to say. Then their eyes met again. The There was a gentle knock on the door ofalchemy of contact had accomplished its the adjoining room. Lloyd went to open it.work. Without a word, he dropped to The trained nurse had come to say thather side and clasped her in his arms. Jack was calling insistently for his father.

St. Stephen's Church and Hospital, Fort Yukon.T H E ARCTIC HOSPITALBy Hudson Stuck, D.D., F.R.G.S.Archdeacon of the Yukon: Author of " Voyages on the Yukon," "Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog-Sled," ere.ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHSWISH very heartily thatI were not at liberty to usethe title set at the head ofthis paper; that I werecompelled to say "An ArcticHospital" instead of"The Arctic Hospital"; but so far as Iknow (and I think I know all the way),there is not on the American continentnorth of the arctic circle any institutionfor the care of the sick save St. Stephen'sHospital at Fort Yukon. So far as Americais concerned it is "The Arctic Hospital."There is an unfinished building at-thevillage of Kotzebue, on the sound of thatname, intended for a hospital, but nophysician and no nurse. There is a physicianat Point Barrow, the most northerlypoint of Alaska, 500 miles north ofKotzebue, but he has no place in which totake care of his sick and no nurse. I wenthis rounds with him one day last winterand saw a number of patients who shouldhave been in a hospital, and I am glad tolearn that there is a probability that thissore need will be supplied next summerby the Presbyterian Church, which maintainsthe mission and the physician there.There is, I am told, sometimes a physicianat the Northwest Mounted Policepost at Herschel Island, on the Canadianarctic coast, 400 or 500 miles to the east ofPoint Barrow, but there was none lastwinter, nor had been since the war began,and there is no building on the island forthe care of the sick.To-day St. Stephen's Hospital at FortYukon is the only place where medicaland nursing care may be had in all the"arctic sixth" of North America.The Yukon River, pursuing a remarkablecourse through the very midst of thegreat peninsula of Alaska, reaches itsmost northerly point at Fort Yukon,a mile or two within the arctic circle, andimmediately thereafter makes the greatbend by which its hitherto main northwesterlydirection is changed to a mainsouthwesterly direction for the 1,200 milesit has yet to flow to Bering Sea. At thispoint it receives, from the northeast, its37

38 The Arctic Hospitalimportant tributary, the Porcupine, with500 miles of navigable length, and a littlelower down the Chandalar comes in fromthe northwest. Many other streams,each with its complement of native inhabitants,join with the Yukon or withone of these large tributaries in this neighborhood,so that Fort Yukon has longbeen a centre for mission and for tradingpurposes, and may be described as thenative metropolis of these parts—of thegreat central basin of the interior knownas the "Yukon Flats."On the Yukon River itself, 350 milesup-stream from Fort Yukon, is Dawson,the capital of the Yukon Territory, witha hospital; and 350 miles down-stream isFort Gibbon, with its post surgeon andhospital; but the former is in Canada andwill not receive Alaskan Indians, and thelatter is a military hospital and will notreceive Indians at all.St. Stephen's Hospital is primarily apart of a plan to provide medical care forthe natives of interior Alaska, long neglectedin this respect by the governmentof the United States, and owes its establishmentto the efforts of Bishop Roweand his clergy, and its support to the missionarysociety of the Episcopal Church.Ever since the Territory came underAmerican rule the medical needs of thenatives have been urged upon the government.The reports of the earliest governorsof Alaska beg for prompt considerationof the matter; the report of the lastgovernor returns energetically to thecharge. Says Governor Strong (Reportof 1917): "Without medical relief allother plans for the natives are necessarilyfutile. While the service now renderedin the few places mentioned is efficientand valuable, the total results are meagrewhen compared with the total nativepopulation."The recent reading of a long file ofgovernors' reports and educational reportsand special agents' reports leadsto a question whether the governmentprinters are not those chiefly benefitedby the preparation and publication ofsuch documents. For all the effect producedby them they might as well havebeen corked up in bottles and year byyear cast solemnly into the sea; theywould have had as much influence in thebellies of sharks and whales as in theirrespective pigeonholes at Washington.Thirty years ago the same needs wereurged, the same glaring faults and incongruitiesof administration were pointedout, the same suggestions for improvementwere made, "most earnestly andrespectfully," as appear in the reportsto-day.The few places referred to by GovernorStrong where medical aid to the natives isfurnished by the government are mostlyon the coasts; for the whole of the interiora makeshift hospital at Nulato is the onlygovernment provision, unless the supplyingof some drugs and bandages and linimentsto school-teachers without anymedical training be counted; and Nulatois upward of 500 miles from Fort Yukon.What has been gained from Congress forthe care of the natives has been gained bythe ceaseless importunities of the Bureauof Education. Last year the bureau succeededin securing an appropriation of$50,000, instead of the $25,000 previouslyappropriated for medical relief, but thepresent appropriation would have to bemultiplied a number of times to enablethe bureau to cope with the conditions.So the hospital at Fort Yukon, whichitself cost $25,000, and has a maximumaccommodation of 20 beds, is part of aplan to supply the deficiencies of thegovernment. It receives and cares forsick or injured natives regardless of anyconsideration except the needs of the individualcase; it even sends for them andbrings them in by a dog team in the winterand a launch in the summer, if there beno other ready means of their coming. Itdoes not care whether they be Alaskan orCanadian Indians (an often impossibledistinction amongst people some ofwhom shift their residence back and forthacross the international boundary asfreely as they did before that line wasdrawn). If they be in need of medicalattention, they are welcome to the bestwe can give, without any charge whatever.But while primarily a native hospital,it does not refuse white patients—howcould it when there is nowhere else to go ?It reserves a room for them, and in thethree years in which it has been in operationhas received a number from far andnear. The first patient of any kind, be-

The Arctic Hospital 39fore the hospital was really open, was anold-timer of the Yukon who had frozenboth his feet severely, a case that calledfor long detention and much tedious, carefulsurgery. The second white patientthat I recall was a very striking case, awoman whose head was nearly cut off byfalling against a revolving saw; fortunately,despite the fearful lacerations ofthough I think his restoration to healthwas due as much to the long journey inthe open air as to the treatment at thehospital. Last summer a woman takensuddenly ill on a steamboat was broughtashore on a stretcher, and the captainsaid: "Thank God for this hospital; Ithought she would have died on my boat."Nine-tenths of the work done by theThe professional staff.her neck, the great blood-vessels were notsevered, and, to the astonishment of everyone, she recovered. I shall never forgetthe ghastly sight as she was borne to thehospital on a door; she looked as MaryQueen of Scots might have looked had theexecutioner fumbled his blow and a reprievearrived before another could begiven—her gray hair all dabbled in herblood. Early last spring an explorer,suffering from complications following along siege of typhoid fever, was hauled400 miles or so by a dog-sled from thearctic coast, and when he was entirely recoveredhe told me that he believed hewould have died had he not come here;hospital is, however, native work; andjust as soon as one begins to talk aboutnative hospital work, tuberculosis thrustsup its ugly head, above all accidents,above all diseases whatever, for it is thescourge of Alaska just as it is the scourgeof our great cities. Of the 90 deaths recordedsince our resident physician,Doctor Grafton Burke, came to Fort Yukon,46 are set down as due to tuberculosisin some form or other, with suspicion ofthe same in other cases, so that we maysay that there are more deaths from tuberculosisthan from all other causes puttogether.Whether or not this disease were known

The water-wagon, St. Stephen's Hospital, Fort Yukon.before the white man came to the countryseems uncertain, physicians with experienceamongst the natives, and eventhe oldest natives themselves, holdingcontrary opinions; but it is certain that ifthe disease be indigenous its ravages havegreatly increased since the white man'scoming; for which there is sufficient explanationin the change of habits whichintercourse with the whites has broughtabout.Tuberculosis in the arctic regions isfostered and is checked by the samecauses that foster or check it elsewhere;and a people of wandering tent-dwellerschanged by the introduction of edge-toolsinto a people of more stationary log-cabindwellers, a people of fur-wearers changedby the constantly increasing market forpelts and the introduction of manufacturedclothing into a people, in the main,of cotton-wearers, present as favorableconditions for the growth and disseminationof this disease as do those who havemigrated from the sunny vineyards ofSicily to the slums of New York.Resumption of the primitive Indianconditions of life, however desirable itmight be from an exclusively hygienicpoint of view, is out of the question; theinfluences against it are entirely toostrong. The remedy must be sought inimproving the new conditions rather than40in a return to the old. That improvementgoes on, slowly but surely; thecabins become more commodious andbetter ventilated; personal habits morecleanly; the rules of health more generallyknown and observed. If there beany way in which such improvement maycome other than slowly and gradually,those who are working for the Yukon Indianshave not discovered it. It is onlyin theory, I think, that such things aredone out of hand.Meanwhile the hospital performs afunction of very great value to the upbuildingof the general health in receivingcases of incipient tuberculosis and subjectingthem to a regime of recuperationsuch as cannot be carried out save in aninstitution of this sort. Children whogive early warning of pulmonary lesion,children with broken-down and suppuratingneck-glands—that common and offensiveevidence amongst Indians oftuberculous invasion—improve often intoperfect health; and there are already anumber whose lives have thus been saved.One of our two wards is set aside for suchcases, and at the present writing has fivechildren in it.There are great and special difficultiesin conducting a hospital in the arcticregions. It is, of course, well understoodby those read in geography, though not

yet, I think, in general, that the extremesof the world's cold are to be found in continentalinteriors such as Alaska and Siberia,and not in the marine climates ofthe shores of the most northerly lands.A greater degree of cold is recorded everywinter at Fort Yukon than any thatAdmiral Peary encountered on his journeyto the north pole. The lowest temperatureI can find in the account of thatjourney is — 59 F., while at Fort Yukon atemperature of — 68 is not uncommon, andI have myself recorded a temperature of— 72 in the Yukon Flats. Temperaturesfluctuating between —50 and —60 sometimeslast for weeks at a time. A plustemperature in December or January isa very rare thing, and is sometimes entirelylacking in the months of Novemberand February also.The difficulty, obvious enough, of theproper steady heating of a large buildingunder such climatic conditions, withwood as the only fuel, is not the greatestone; the water-supply is more onerousand painful. Hospitals require muchwater, and the supply cannot be stintedwithout detriment. Moreover, this hospitalis lit by an acetylene-gas plant,which, in the dead of winter, consumes250 gallons a week. Where every drop ofwater must be obtained by breaking openThe Arctic Hospital 41afresh a hole in the river ice (which attainsa thickness of from 4 to 6 feet duringthe winter), dipping it out into a tankon a sled drawn by dogs, hauling it up asteep bank and to the hospital door, andthen carrying it in buckets to the variousreceptacles throughout the building, theprovision of this prime necessary becomesthe heaviest daily task in the conduct ofthe institution, and has no counterpartat all in hospitals "outside."So onerous and painful did it becomethat almost any expense that could becompassed seemed justified in an attemptto remove it, doubtful of success thoughthe attempt might be.At first we tried for a well. With aprospecting boiler and steam-points wesank 130 feet through frozen sand andgravel without any success. That is, Ithink, the deepest hole ever sunk in theYukon Flats (which is not a mining region),though elsewhere in Alaska holeshave been sunk more than 300 feet withoutgetting through the frozen ground,and since we struck no "thawed streak"and therefore no water, it seemed uselessgoing any farther. Then we tried anotherplan. From a level in this shaftbelow the lowest water in the river wedrove a tunnel, by the same means, rightout to the river, tapping its bed, a dis-Tubereulous children exposed to sunshine.

Christmas in the Children's Ward, St. Stephen's Hospital.tance of 170 feet. The first tunnel was nel may scour out and its water imp-ovetoo small and froze up; so we thawed in course of time. The well is worth w atit out with the steam-points and enlarged it has cost, for bathing and scrubbing andit. Now we have plenty of water in our acetylene water, but it is a great disappointmentshaft, and since it has stood nearlythat it falls so far short of thethrough one winter without freezing up, relief it was expected to provide.we begin to be reasonably sure of its permanence.Fairly well equipped in a general wayBut, strange to say, though the though St. Stephen's Hospital is, furtherfree connection of the water in our shaft provision must be made if it is to workwith its source of supply is proved by its most efficiently for its tuberculous patients.rising and falling as the river rises andThe treatment by fresh air andfalls, the water is so heavily impregnatedwith alkaline salts as to be of little generaluse.sunshine which yields such good resultselsewhere is equally valuable here, butagain the climate interposes special difficulties.One would hardly believe that the soft,In the summer there is continu­excellent water of the river could be so ous sunshine, but there is also such achanged in character by passing through plague of mosquitoes and flies that mucha short tunnel, and one can only suppose of the time it is impossible to expose anya layer of some very soluble mineral saltsto lie along its walls or under the bed ofthe river.So the dog-sled with its galvanized-ironpart of the body outdoors without netsand veils; in the spring and fall there aremany bright days, but they are commonlyattended by a keen wind that equally forbidsexposure.tank still goes down to the river andbrings up water from beneath the ice for What is needed is a "solarium," acooking and drinking and laundry, and chamber of glass sashes completelythere seems little prospect that our wintersupply of portable water can be securedin any other way, though the tunscreenedfrom insects, in which advantagemay be taken of all the sun of the year;in which children may be exposed naked42

to its germ-destroying and invigoratingrays. Such an addition would be of greathelp in the most hopeful part of our medicalwork, the abortion of incipient consumptionand the restoration of invadedglands. In these last-mentioned cases itis sometimes wonderful to see the contractingand closing of open neck-sores,the gradual overspreading of the placeswith new, healthy flesh and skin, underno other treatment than prolonged exposureto direct sunshine.The cementing of the basement, nowmerely an excavationin the earth,so that it maybe utilized forlaundry purposes,is also much needed,proper hospitaleconomy in theseparts demandingthat all possibleactivities be gatheredunder the oneroof. And theproblem of drainageis only temporarilysolved by acesspool which it isvery difficult tokeep open inwinter.As it stands,however, St. Stephen'sHospitalhas alreadybrought new hopeto those who arelaboring for the.survival of theYukon Indians, and now that the cessationof the war will allow the staffingwith physician and nurses of the sisterinstitution already built and equipped atTanana, 350 miles farther down the river,that has awaited its staff these three yearspast, we shall attack the problem of diseaseamongst the natives of the middleriver with some prospect of coping with it.Here is an immense country, inhabitedfrom immemorial times by a vigorous,self-supporting native people; a countrythat is never likely, me judice, so far asmuch the greater part of its whole areaThe Arctic Hospital 43is concerned, to have any other inhabitants.There is no doubt that it once supporteda much larger population than itdoes to-day, and there is no doubt that itcould support to-day a much larger Indianpopulation than it does. It is stilla fine Indian country and it shows no signof even a tendency to become anythingelse. If any notion has been entertainedof white men pressing upon the Indianlands of Alaska as they pressed upon theIndian lands of our Western States, let itbe dismissed at once as utterly withoutfoundation.Of late years there has been much ex­It is rarely that we are able to expose children thus even in summer;the mosquitoes accompany the perpetual sunshine. The hospitalneeds a glass chamber where such exposures may be made.travagant stuff written about Alaska.Fifty years ago the country was laughedat as "Seward's Folly," and a generalimpression obtained that it was a landof permanent ice and snow. Now itis glowingly described as "the world'streasure-house of mineral wealth andagricultural possibility"; and there is asmuch truth in the one extreme as in theother. The favorite term for its mineralwealth to-day is "incalculable," and Ihave no quarrel with the term; wherethere are no figures there can be no calculation,and save as regards gold, themineral resources of the interior are virtuallyunknown. Its swamps and scrubby

44 The Arctic Hospitalwoodlands and tundra are spoken of as"millions of acres waiting for the plough,"and I do not take exception to that phraseeither; they are undeniably waiting.Setting aside the mineral wealth whichis doubtless great (though probably entirelynon-existent in the region of theYukon Flats), the agricultural possibilitiesof the interior are in reality very slightcompared with its vast area, and thosewho are really familiar with the interiorknow that its main resources are neverlikely to be other than they are now—furand game and fish. But fur and gameand fish are precisely the resources thatmake a fine Indian country.Is there any sense in permitting a countryto be deprived of the only inhabitantsit is ever likely to have ? In all the wideregion north of the Yukon, and in muchelse of its interior area, a prolonged winterof rigorous inclement weather, an intractablesoil, forbid to any sober eye thesettlement of the country with farms andranches, forbid its occupation by whitemen unless they are willing to live asIndians live,, to become, economically,Indians. Speaking broadly, all the whitemen who live north of the Yukon, save ahandful here and there engaged in thetemporary occupation of placer-gold mining,are married to Indian women; andthe number is very small.I can see no economic threat to the survivalof the natives of the interior unlessthe iniquity of salmon canneries be permittedat the mouth of the Yukon, forthe fish that annually come up this greatriver constitute the staff of life of manand of man's indispensable servant, thedog. In the course of generations itmight be possible that our icthyophagous,carnivorous Indians could be trained tolive upon turnips, as the fish-canners andtheir friends so considerately suggestthey should do, but I have grave doubtsabout the dog. And certainly, to-day,to intercept and capture the migratingsalmon will bring starvation to man andbeast, just as surely as intercepting andcapturing the railway-trains that carryflour to New York would bring starvationto the metropolis.Last summer a beginning was made;a cannery was permitted at Andreafsky,just above the junction of most of thedelta mouths, and almost all the kingsalmoncaught here in the Yukon Flatsbore marks of the nets from which theyhad managed to escape a thousand milesaway. Another season the nets will bestouter or of finer mesh, and should thiswicked thing still be tolerated, despiteall our protests, a race of self-supportingand inoffensive people, scattered oversome hundreds of thousands of squaremiles, will be sacrificed.I was struck last summer by the spectacleof our Indian people contributing tothe relief of the starving Armenians,themselves dismayed at the meagre catchof net-marked salmon, and at the threatof starvation which those net-marks toldthem, plainly enough, hung over theirown heads.The only other threat to the survival ofthe race, now that intoxicating liquor isexcluded from the Territory, is the threatof disease—of the white man's diseases,smallpox and diphtheria and measles, andnow influenza—and, above all, tuberculosis.The influenza epidemic has notyet reached the interior, thank God, butwe are not without apprehension of whatnext summer's navigation may bring.The tuberculosis threat we believe we canavert; and are actively engaged in thataversion, and desire only more power toour hands along the lines we are pursuing.Already we have reason to believe thatthe corner is turned.I may, perhaps, hardly call our Indiansa "bold peasantry," and certainlythey are not "their country's pride";their country is quite indifferent to them;their country will spend $50,000,000 on arailway, but cuts down every year themodest sums asked by the Bureau ofEducation for their medical care. Suchas they are, however, a docile, gentle, industrious,intelligent, and, along theirown lines, enterprising folk, I am convincedthat "once destroyed" their place"can never be supplied"; and surely aninhabited wilderness is better worth anycountry's while than an uninhabited one.Goldsmith's hackneyed lines apply just ascogently to the Alaskan Indians to-day asthey did to his Munster crofters of nearlytwo centuries ago.

W I T H T H ER A I N B O WDIVISIONON THEOURCQPortrait in a gas-mask.Gassed artilleryman."The last long mile."LEAVES FROM THE SKETCH-BOOK OFLIEUTENANT CHARLES BASKERVILLE, JR.Of the 166th Infantry, 42c! DivisionIN these random impressions of a member of a combat organization we observethe ungarnished drudgery and lack of war-glamour in the infantry. The battleon the slopes by the River Ourcq when the 42d Division defeated the pickedtroops of the Prussian Guard is an historic event of the American participationin the war.These sketches of the fighting during this engagement were done by LieutenantBaskerville while in the base hospital suffering from the wounds he had receivedon this occasion.45

The enemy artillery-fire did damage to the troopswaiting to attack in the Foret de Fere.Dragging the wounded in through an area filledwith gas thrown over in shells.Whenever the attack was held up, it became neces-sary to "dig in" with bayonets and helmet brims,as shovels were not carried by all the men.Sitting on the muddy banks of the Ourcq some protectionfrom the "straffing" by low-flying enemy planeswas gained by the over-all mud color of the troops.46

Boche machine-gunners.'Mopping up" is done by the second assault line andconsists of capturing or killing all the enemypassed over in the haste of the attack.Cootie-hunts take place every time the doughboyshalt on a hike to rest.Prussian officer prisoners at the American Prisonerof War Enclosure at Richelieu.47

Drawn by Frank Tenney Johnson."And say, far as that goes, you had me guessing too. I was wondering-"-Page 52.48

THE HUNTING OF BUD HOWLANDBy Calvin H. LutherILLUSTRATION BY FRANK TENNEY JOHNSONTHE train for Seven Palms upon me. "What are you-all waitinghad come and gone, five for?" he asked.sombreros waving farewell "Just to see the up-train go by," I answered,still in a maze. to me from the windows."But— ButIt had roared out upon us, say— You were with the others ona fuming dragon, from the the train; I saw you! How in theshimmer of a mirage, and now already had world "become a creeping lizard, black against "Changed my mind, sort of," he answered,his lean hand waving aside thethe sage slopes of Stark Mountain—athing worth seeing, especially to one who topic as of no importance. "I've got ahad been for weeks away from the miracleslittle hoss over to Pedro's, nine miles fromof civilization. I would wait for the here. Thought maybe you'd edge overnorth-bound train, soon due to pass; wait there with me—let me canter along onto see the lizard become a dragon, and the foot; and then we could go up-country together.dragon plunge ravening into the mirage.That is, if you ain't particular."Then for my horse, now drooping in the "Fine!" I cried. "We'll start now."barred shadows of the cattle-pens, andthe long trail westward.There had been a raven to watch; therehad been pillars and palls of smoke—but"Might as well," he said, rubbing hissquare jaw; but he made no move to rise."Sure you ain't particular?""Oh, come along!" I shouted, alreadynow there was nothing but sand, sage, half-way to the horse. "I'm pleased tocactus, and the pallid sky. The roar and death!"echo of the train had long since fallen toa rustle, and finally to a special kind of"Well, I can stand considerable moreof you, on a pinch," he returned, followingsilence. . . . Odd, to be so suddenlyalong. " But the rest of that out­alone; odd, but not yet unpleasant. fit—" He spat.I sat down in the sand and looked at "Where's your pack? I'll carry it."the sand, thinking over that hunting trip. "Pack's on the train; I'm foot-loose,There had been game enough, good fellowshipI am," he smiled up at me. "Nothingof a sort, and a pleasant tang of ad­to tote but this 'ere," and he touched theventure—to visit an unmapped region holster of his forty-five. "I'll keep holdwith unknown companions. But, after of that, if you ain't particular."all, it had been tame and profitless.There had been no thrills, no flashes ofSo men still carried revolvers, the holstersunbuckled and in reach of the hand !fear or moments of exaltation; I had That two-hour walk to Pedro's was hotlearned nothing new about nature or the and hard enough. It should have beenthing called human nature. For me hereafter,measured by degrees, with a thermombag.I resolved, the hammer and fossileter,as I suggested to Hank; or in shov-A new crinoid, now; or a phacops elsful, as he said, ploughing along by myeleganslstirrup. He would not change with me,Just then a shadow moved out from though, but jolted steadily, patiently forward,behind the cattle-pens, and jolting alonghis red face glistening with perspira­after it a bow-legged, sand-colored man, tion, dust marking out the wrinkles of hiswith a long nose and drooping mustache. neck and jaw, hat tilted against the sun." Hank !" I cried. " What in the name Once or twice he nodded significantly atof thunder?"my canteen; but he would not drink."Thought I wouldn't bother you, at We weren't there yet, he cautioned; andfirst," he explained, calmly seating himself.you never could tell. . . . So, mile upon"Reckoned you'd be going right mile we fought it out, saying little andsoon." He turned his mild blue eyes thinking less. Then—a leafless cotton-VOL.LXVI—449

50The Hunting of Bud Howlandwood, the green of pepper-trees and palmettos,a rude corral, and as we roundedthe shoulder of a hillock, the cool gray ofan adobe ranch-house with a piraticalfigure in the doorway. We were at Pedro's."But why didn't you go on with theothers?" I demanded an hour afterwardas we lay at ease in the shade. "It's nouse telling me you changed your mind.That's—that's ""That's bunk, says you." Hank wasrefilling his pipe. "Well, you're right.I didn't change my mind, leastways notthen. Had it changed all the time, youmight say. I felt the same as you did,only I judged it would be right wise tokeep along with 'em for a ways—anyhowuntil they'd got started for Seven Palms.And they're started, all right; plumbtired out, lying all over that smoking-car.I just made as if I was going to wave toyou from the platform, and the rest waseasy. Swung off on the far side and gotbehind that runway. They ain't missedme yet, probably." He paused, a faint,sheepish grin on his face. "You had melocoed, though. I'd figured on gettingaway by myself; but it was too gosh-awfulhot to wait on you. I had to come out.""You might just as well be talkingNavajo, for all I can make of it," I brokeout, impatiently. "They were yourfriends, weren't they? Well, then, whydid you "" My friends ? " he echoed, with a queercombination of scowl and grin. " I neversee 'em afore, not till we-all met at thehotel in Seven Palms. I just fell in withthe rest of you when that big Morriswanted to go hunting. I hadn't nospecial plans."" But what do you mean by saying youfelt the same as I did?" I insisted. "Ididn't care about seeing any of them again—that is,except you; but that's all I felt."" Sure, that's all," he assented, noddingplacidly. "We ain't neither of us muchon the talk, you and me," he added, witha shrewd look.I sat up, facing him." See here, Hank, talk straight. What'swrong with those fellows?""They're all right, I guess, accordingto their lights. Live and let live," he answeredwith utmost contentment, eyeson the curling smoke from his pipe."Only, I'm telling you I don't want to bemixed up in it any more than you do.""Mixed up in what?" I cried. I hadleft off smoking and was giving my wholeattention to this enigma."In the trial," he said calmly. "Idon't aim to be no witness.""Trial—witness!" I could only stareat him, my thoughts going in circles.There had been five of us on the porchof the Eagle Hotel in Seven Palms. Allwere ordinary men, with no hint of melodramain manner, dress, or character.The landlord had proposed a hunting trip•—to get us out of his wife's way duringthe house-cleaning, he admitted; and wehad all jumped at the chance. On thethird day out we had overtaken anotherman, a lone hunter, who had remainedwith us to the end, going on to SevenPalms with the landlord and the two cowboys.We had killed some deer; therehad been some fancy target-shooting—the best I ever saw—and that was all.No accidents, no quarrels, nothing. Thetrip had been so uneventful that I hadfelt disappointed and a little aggrieved.Yet it was now becoming clear to me,clearer with every moment, that the faulthad not been with the country or mycompanions, but with myself. Somethingworth while had been going on—only Ihad been too dull to know it.But how was I to get at the truth?Direct questioning would not carry me farwith the placid, cautious man stretchedout beside me. I must use a lightertouch than that.So I chuckled as if to myself."A mighty queer business," I murmured."Yes?" Hank returned, half openinghis eyes."I didn't suppose you had caught onat all," I said easily. "I wasn't wise atfirst, myself.""So you wasn't," he observed, watchingme narrowly. "I seen you wasn't.""How do you suppose it will comeout?" I asked, with a meditative air."Holy snakes!" cursed Hank softly,almost in sorrow." Glad I wasn't mixed up in it myself,"I concluded airily."Snakes!" he shouted, pounding hisknee with his sombrero. "He's aimingto pump me, the perfessor is!" He ad-

The Hunting of Bud How land 51dressed the universe at large. "Ain't he in us boys, though, specially in them twoa young wonder, now, aiming to rope and cow-punchers and me—our names, andbrand me like that, so easy and natural? where we come from! Maybe you noticed:we three was about of a height,Makes a fellow want to cry, that does!"And suddenly he roared with laughter. same color, same gen'l style. Made thisThere was nothing to do but laugh with Hyatt-man kind of thoughtful, that did;him, and the noise we made was enough set him on edge, you may say. He putto bring Pedro to the doorway, his white in a good deal of time studying the threeteeth showing in a sympathetic grin. of us, specially when he thought nobodyBut I gave up: nothing was to be gotten was watching him. . . . Didn't see noneout of this man against his will. So we of it, I suppose?" he questioned, shiftingidled away the early afternoon, smoking, in the saddle.drinking from the capacious olla, dozing "Now that you speak of it—" I began;and waking under the pepper-berries. but he went on without pause.Once I heard him mutter sadly:"So there he was, looking things over."Never sensed a thing—and he calls And what was he doing it for? says you.himself a perfessor!"Toward sunset, when we were half-wayWhat had he pushed clear over into theLimping Injun country for, right in theup the pass, his pinto leading, he turned hot weather? says you. Why, he wasin the saddle.looking for Bud Howland."" Might as well have it out now, if you "Howland!" I was amazed.ain't particular. We've got shut of Pedro,Hank gave a quick glance at the chaparraland it's nice and quiet up here."So I drew up beside him and we travelledabout us."There ain't no call to speak loud," heslowly upward together.remarked with calmness. " Don't neither"That there Hyatt now, for instance," of us aim to get mixed up in it."he commenced. " What for a man would I nodded, anxious only to have himyou say he was?"proceed. But when he spoke again itI admitted that I hadn't liked his looks, was with a change of tone, a change ofnor the way he had attached himself to glance, and without the trace of a smile.our party."I didn't have to be cute, though, to"Caught up with him, didn't we? catch on like that. I'd seen the cussSure we did." Hank grunted. "Only once, at a rodeo in San Bias; a manI'd seen him before that, 'way behind us. pointed him out to me acrost the ring.Don't you remember how I had your spyglassesName was Belden, deputy sheriff; chuck-out, looking for sheep? Yes, I'd walla kind of man, a lizard. And I'dseen him the afternoon before, 'way back heard—one of the boys was telling me—by the ford on Whetstone Creek. He was that Belden was out looking for Budhustling some, I'm telling you; working Howland." He nodded, now genial asup and down the creek, looking for our ever. "So there you are. I'd suspicionedtrail. him on several counts—andAnd next day we caught up withhim, all right and proper, natural as life !" knowed all about him, anyway. MakesHank smiled at me. " Some climbing— you think of the way Billy Memphisto work round in front of us like that, knowed that old man Vogel wouldn'tthere in the canyons ! And what for did drive off and leave him, time he wantedhe do it, I ask you?"to stop off at the store. 'I know youI could only shake my head.won't whip up and leave me to hoof it"Then, first off, he baptized himself all them miles. I trust you,' he says.with this 'ere Hyatt-name. I didn't say 'And, besides, I've just took the lynch-pinnothing. It was a nice enough name and out of your wagon !'"nobody else was wanting to use it. But I laughed, but not too loudly. I foundshucks!" Hank tugged at his great myself, for some reason, very anxious notmustache.to set in motion the echoes of the pass."He was pretty friendly, too, he was," "Made it sort of onconvenient," Hankhe continued. "Told us about everythingresumed, "three of us looking so muchand his aunt's relations. Real con­alike. So what does he do, the secondfiding. And wasn't he terrible interested night, but get out his little newspaper.

52 The Hunting of Bud HowlandWanted you to read it out loud, didn'the, because the rest of us hadn't muchschooling ? Well, I guess! And thatpaper—I could see the heading all thetime—told about how Twisty Simmonswas killed and they was "looking allthrough the desert for Bud Howland—•everything. Belden was aiming to watchour faces while you was reading. Butyou missed fire on him, darned if youdidn't! Read most everything else in thepaper, but not that piece. You ought tohave seen him look you over later along !"I hadn't noticed it."He wasn't loving you much," Hankmurmured with enjoyment. "He wasn'tquite clear why you done it, either. Andsay, far as that goes, you had me guessingtoo. I was wondering—" He checkedhimself, glancing sideways at me. "Anyhow,a little after that, you notice, I opensup the paper and reads the little piecemyself—out good and loud, so's to givehim his fair chance. That took his mindoff me to some extent, though he wasn'tfull satisfied yet, of course."Well, says you, what other cards didthis 'ere coyote have? Why, that littletrick about the shooting-match. Howland,he can shoot some; maybe you'veheard that." I nodded. "So Beldenstarts for to brag. Claims he can outshootany man west of the Missoury witha rifle; and when it comes to a little gun—oh, my! He reckoned that Bud Howland,whichever one of us was him, couldn'tstand for that line of talk. He'd haveto set in to the game. It wasn't no use,though; nobody chipped in, not at first.But that fellow as called himself BobThrall, he got stirred up after a while,and they drew us all into the muss beforeit was over. You remember?""What a jackass I was," I burst out,"not to have seen through it!""You was thinking about your rocks,I guess," Hank rejoined tolerantly, gettingout his pipe."Go on!" I urged, forgetting to keepmy voice down."No call to yell," he cautioned. "Weain't so far apart." He surveyed thechaparral and the dimpled hillsides withsome thoroughness, then took up thereins and went on with the tale."So we put out some deer-meat andwaited for the coyotes. And next morningwe tried it out: one hundred yards,standing shot at the heart, and the coyotesrunning. We picked out our animiles,you give the yell, and when theywas fair travelling we all fired to onct.Mine was the middle one: I lamed it.Belden got his in the back-bone. Andthat Thrall man, he missed.""That didn't help much, did it?" Iobserved."Belden thought it did," said Hank,with a wider smile than usual. "Theway he figgered, Howland—if he wasthere—would either make a centre shotor a clean miss, according to whether he'dtumbled to what was going on or not.Now, I was out of it: just a fair hit, not goodor bad. That put it up to Thrall. See?"I nodded. That was plain enough."But Belden wasn't quite satisfied,though he stuck to Thrall from then onlike mountain-fever. So he got up thattrick about the canteen." Hank smotethe saddle-horn. "Darned if it wasn'tcute, that little scheme. I almost likedhim for it! Come down the cliff leavinghis canteen hung on a pinon-tree 'way upto the top. Just breaking camp, we was;no time to go round, and too steep toclimb straight up. Got to shoot herdown, says Belden; got to cut that therelimb, he says. But he dassent try it himself,not hardly—not if there's any one canshoot better'n he can. Might plug thecanteen instead of the limb, and thenwhere'd he be for water the rest of thetrip? Darned fancy scheme, when youget down to it!"Hank turned about, an impressive forefingerin the air."And wasn't it pretty ? Thrall up andshoots off the limb comfortable as youplease ! Belden gives a kind of sigh, mopshis face—and that's all there was to that!""But he didn't—" I could hardly sitmy horse for amazement. "But whydidn't Belden do anything, then; arrestthe man?""Wrong side of the State line," he explainedpatiently. "Had to get his manup beyond Seven Palms. And, besides,he knew by the way Thrall shot that hewasn't suspecting anything; and it was agood sight easier to travel back with himfree like that than to lug him throughforty miles of chaparral, with a lot ofstrangers to interfere."

The Hunting of Bud Howland 53"Of course," I muttered."So there you are"—and Hank Laneclosed the story with a wide fling of thehand. He looked searchingly ahead, risingin the stirrups. " Good place to camp justover the ridge, if you ain't particular."I nodded assent, though I had one morequestion."Is Thrall the man he's after? Is heBud Howland?""Not any," said Hank with disgust."That Thrall, he sticks out his chin andsquints sideways at you like a regulardevil, but that's as far as he goes.They'll give him a night's lodging atSan Bias, and then pay his fare homeagain. He ain't nobody special.""That's what I thought," I rejoinedas our horses carefully worked their waytoward a cluster of pines. "Thrall isn'tman enough to pass for Howland, if whatthe papers say is true."Hank eyed me for a moment withoutspeaking; eyed me up and down quitethoroughly, though it was too dark forme to be sure of his expression. Hedismounted, however, without makingany further remark.We camped that night in the shelterof great trees, with cool winds blowingand the sound of running water for company.Such bacon and coffee; suchstars! Why must hours like those sorarely come, so quickly pass? All thatwas good in me—that had been shrivelledby the sun and overlaid by the dust of thedesert—came pulsing to my heart, camewarm to my lips."Hank," I said, and reached over totouch him. "Hank, I wish we didn'thave to part."He stirred."I've been thinking the same for quitea while back," he said. "I guyed yousome at first, though; you've got funnyways—kind of funny." He laid his handon my knee and we sat there quietly fora time. Then, abruptly, he asked:" How did you come to dodge that piecein the paper about Howland and TwistySimmons?""I don't know," was my answer."Guess I'd heard enough about it.""Struck you kind of onpleasant, maybe.""That's it." I sat up. "They tellme, Hank, that Twisty Simmons was thekind of man that ought to have beenkilled, anyway, on general principles. Abully or a sneak—whichever promised thebest returns—and crooked as a ram'shorn; that's the reputation he had. ButHowland, he was a real man, hard-workingand peaceable. No one has a wordto say against him. He shot Simmons,they tell me, for jumping his claim, orsomething like that.""It was this way, I understand," saidHank slowly. "Simmons was aiming tosell his little claim up by Mile-and-a-Halfto old Miss Parrish. She sent a man upto look it over. Well, Simmons hepacked gold-dust into his tobacco, andkept a-rolling cigareets and flicking theashes into the pan while the man waswashing up the samples. So they gotcolor every time, no matter where theywashed. And old Miss Parrish, shebought Twisty out—took all the moneyshe had." Hank drew a long breath."She's awful homely, Miss Parrish is,but— Well, Howland, you see, hepunched cattle a good many years forher father, in the old days."Twisty got drunk," he continuedafter a pause, "and bragged about whathe'd done. Then Miss Parrish heardabout it and sent word up in the mountainsthat Bud was to come down and gether money back for her. So he done it.He's like you said, a peaceable man; buthe knowed Twisty Simmons, and sohe brought his gun along."Suddenly Hank rose to his feet and fellto pacing up and down."Don't you think for a minute thatHowland would act any different if hehad to do it over. Twisty wouldn't comethrough—just wouldn't. Flung a knife,he did, like a half-breed. Then Howland—Well, they mixed up; and afterwardHowland took the money, what wasleft of it, over to Miss Parrish. Sincethen he's herded with the coyotes—everybodyout after him.""Simmons was a fool, then, besides allthe rest!" I cried. " Why, they say BudHowland is a wonder with any kind ofgun. A sure shot!""They say so," muttered Hank, sittingdown once more."If Howland had been with us h.e'dhave shot down that canteen with a revolver,like as not!" I felt a kind of ex-

54 Mr. Boylecitement as I saw more and more clearlyhow near I had come to having a part inliving drama."He could have done it with a revolver,easy," said Hank, looking up at thestars."And if he had been there to shoot atthe coyote, he would have dropped it inits tracks; he would have blown theheart out of it!""Not much he wouldn't!" Hank protested,rising upon his elbow. "Hewould have—he would have "He lay down again."What would he have done?" I persisted,eager to thrash out the topic.No answer.Suddenly my breath left me. Thingswhirled. I could only sit there in thehalf-light, gaping, one hand outstretchedin a gesture that would never be finished."I know what Bud Howland wouldhave done," I said at length, trying tocontrol my voice." What would he have done ? " I couldhardly hear him." He would have made only a fair shot,not good or bad, just as you did." Iwaited. "Wouldn't he?"There was a long silence; then—"It's been kind of lonesome for melately," he muttered, "till I met up withyou."I leaned toward him."What are you reaching out for, perfessor?""For your hand, Bud Howland," Icried. " For your hand !"MR.BOYLEBy Mary Raymond Shipman AndrewsILLUSTRATION (FRONTISPIECE) BY ALONZOKIMBALLIN a big room in the basementof a big building ahandful of grave-faced ladsworked. They workedwith a vigor, an intensity,a whole-heartedness which,summed up and stood on end and rammedinto a cannon or converted into waterpoweror concentrated on the WhiteHouse, would have driven a South Americanrevolution or run large factories orhandled the nation tidily for a month.There was no lack of earnestness or responsibilityin the office of the Law Recordon this night or on any night.No more was there lack of brains.These were the picked men of the lawschool of a great university, the board ofeditors of a review whose large reputationit was theirs to guard and to enlarge.They guarded it and tried to enlarge itevery night of their young lives, till aboutone of the morning, with all their mightand main. An informed observer lookinginto the pleasant, spacious office atsuch a time would have been seized, like-ly, with a prophetic interest in the facesbent, in the light of electric "rubbernecks,"over ponderous volumes, oversheets upon sheets of big, thin paper.That sallow lad with the square jaw andthe burning, dark eyes, around whoseswivel chair were piled up calfskin tomes—was one regarding a future chief justiceof the Supreme Court, inspecting hisrather unattractive countenance? Theboy with the thin, carved features andsandy hair and historic name—would hecome to be as celebrated, perhaps, as hisgrandfather? And the roly-poly youth,beaming and dimpling even as he divedinto "Wigmore on Evidence"—was Fatekeeping the dignity of a judge's gown inreserve for his easy curves?The observer of hypothesis would havereflected that all of these had provedthemselves, as far as twenty-three yearsmay be proved, to have brains and character,before they reached this holy ofholies of the Record office, the most enviedhonor of the course. All of them hadsurrendered eagerly society and diverse

"Two little maids in blue!O-oh—two little maids in blue!Two little, two little, two little maids!O-o-oh! two little maids in blue!"The brogue rolled like an anthem; onelistened for every syllable. As one lookedthrough the open door a lantern, coincidentwith voice and shuffling, cast fantasticlights in unreasonable leaps up anddown the wall. The old board, seven ofthem, were grinning at the astonishmentof the new men. This apparition was notunknown to the elder lords of the LawRecord."It's Mr. Boyle, the night-watchman,"Holloway Byrd, editor in chief, explainedto whom it might concern.Mr. Boyle 55diversions to slave at this job for the sparetime of their days and for half of theirnights. Only fresh strength in its primecould stand the strain on top of the necessarylaw-school work, and to stand it eventhus one must cut out sternly dinners anddances and the pleasure of one's kind.Such a company it was who sat working,scattered at desks about the largeroom, absorbed, responsible, yet eachalive boy under it all, at twelve-thirty of anight in May. The room was quiet. Astorm of wind and rain and thunder hadraged earlier and died down and left theearth steeped in a sullen hush. The boysbent each over his desk, rustled papers,at intervals dropped law-books or turnedleaves; a hum of low voices arose from acorner where one editor read proof to another.Except for such small sounds,there was no sound at all. Into this midnightmonotone came then an interruptionwhich made the busy workers stir andlift their heads as one man. It was theshuffling of feet down the tiled floor ofthe dark corridor outside the office—feetshuffling not listlessly, but as of mirthintent, in the rhythm of a jig. The oldereditors smiled and went on with theirwork; the new board, beginning work today,peered."What the dickens?" asked Cass Emory.And with that there was another sound,a man's voice singing in an undertone,tentative yet clear enough for every wordto be understood, as the sliding, dancingfeet progressed down the hall.is oncest shtopped.The apparition was present. He stoodin the doorway, a robust Irishman offifty, fresh-colored, blue-eyed, grizzledand curly of hair, bursting with good-willto men."Good evenin', me distinguishedfri'nds," he greeted the roomful in deep,sweet tones. And immediately there wasa yell in chorus which proved these wiseyoung Daniels to be, as stated above,alive boys."Good evening, Mr. Boyle," theyshouted, slamming down law-books, shovingaway papers, glad, like boys, of aninterruption in the grind. The new menjoined in the diapason—"Good evening,Mr. Boyle."Mr. Boyle beamed. "An' how are th'young shtatesmen to-noight?" he inquiredcordially, and at once was scrutinizingheavy law-books on the desknearest. He selected one, the largest insize, and, opening it reverently, gazed intoits depths. " Th' law is a fear-rful shtudy.Th' law is an exthry-ardin'ry shtudy,"said Mr. Boyle. "An' don't yez iver gittoird of shtudyin' th' law?""You bet your life we do," respondedBob Esterbrook with a mighty yawn anda stretching of arms. "I'm dead tirednow. Seems about three-thirty. I thinkthat clock's stopped, Mr. Boyle. Whydon't you keep your clocks going?""Me distinguished fri'nd," answeredMr. Boyle with dignity, " 'tis twelve yearsOi've wor-rked in me prisint profishin, an'in all thim years not wan clock of thefor-rty-sivin in the b'ildin's in me chargeThot's what.""I was joking, Mr. Boyle," explainedEsterbrook hurriedly and went on: "Wehave some new friends on the board tonight,you see. Allow me to presentthem." With a hand on the shoulder ofCass Emory, small and round and rosy,"This is Mr. Abraham Lincoln, Jr.," hestated."Is thot so?" Mr. Boyle answeredwith courtesy, with readiness. "Shurean' I see th' family loikeness, sor-r.""And that gentleman is Mr. TheodoreRoosevelt," Esterbrook continued. "Thetall, handsome one is Prince Oon Kakon,of Greece."Mr. Boyle was not abashed. He lookedthe strangers in the eye with friendliness.

56 Mr. Boyle" 'Tis foine names yez have," he answeredpolitely, and finished unexpectedly with:"But fer all thot yez are no better thinany other min." And a vague questionwhich had more than once suggested itselfto the board of the Law Record rosein their minds again—were they "kidding"Mr. Boyle or was he "kidding"them? They were never quite sure.However, he was returning now to hislaw-book, and they dropped back oneafter another to desks and work. Hestood in the centre of the room, a humblefigure, yet quite assured, quite dignifiedin his simplicity, and read aloud to himselfin an undertone. "Um-um-umityum-um"—itwas a manner of hummingand buzzing in the rich voice with nowand then a word distinct. It did not annoyanybody in that room; Mr. Boylewas the child of the Law Record and thiswas one of his games. Suddenly the bookwas laid—bang—on the nearest desk.'"Tis not so," announced Mr. Boyle."What's up?" asked Alan Huntington."Th' book says," answered Mr. Boyle,"thot mon and woife is wan per-rson.""That's so in law," announced Huntington.Huntington loved argument likecake. "The law says they are one person.And you know, lex non curat de minimis"he added with solemnity.Mr. Boyle was staggered. "Th' law isa fear-rful shtudy; th' law is an exthryardin'ryshtudy," he muttered, and returnedto the charge. "But mon andwoife is two per-rsons; if th' law saysthey're not"—he brought down his fist onHuntington's desk—"thin, dom ut, th'law's unconstitooshional."The echoes of the Record office wakedthen to attend to such shouts and squealsand howls and thumps of joy as eventhey had seldom experienced. Dick Battle,book-review editor, caught the editorin chief by the waist, and a danceflowed across the open spaces which theCastles could not duplicate. Mr. Boyleregarded the two intently as they whirledand waved long legs; he regarded Dickas, after Byrd shook loose, he went on amoment with a pas seul. Dick Battle hadbeen described by a young woman of hisown Georgia city as "Phoebus Apollowith his eyes strictly on the horses." Hewas six feet two, and the glory and dreamof a divinity were in his eyes even whenthey regarded beefsteak. Also he carried,apparently, the responsibility of him who"drives the horses of the sun." Discouraginglyimpersonal to admiring youngwomen he was. Yet human, the presentpas seul showed him to be human."A foine young mon," pronounced Mr.Boyle, "a very foine young mon, but—"He tapped his head pityingly.Which once more raised the roof. Mr.Boyle was making hits to-night. Dickthrew his big shout of laughter into thechorus at his own expense with joyfulwhole-heartedness.Then, "What about your history, Mr.Boyle?" he demanded, harking back inself-defense; " don't you find that you andyour wife are one person?"A sheepish grin dawned over the expanseof the Irishman's face and he shookhis head slowly. "No, sor-r," said Mr.Boyle, and there was a quality in the twosyllables which once more set laughterringing." Does she bullyrag you? Tell us aboutit?" suggested Dick, glad to distract attentionfrom his own late conspicuousness."Tell it short," Holloway Byrd added,glancing at his pile of papers. "We oughtto get to work."" 'Tis a foine old gyurl, me woife,"stated Mr. Boyle; and then, impersonally,shaking a solemn finger at the group listeningto him, watching him; shaking theknotty finger slowly, pausing to preparean atmosphere for his climax, he bent tothem and hissed in a thrilling whisper:"Th' old gyurl's a soofragette.""Good for her," Holloway Byrd responded,but the board was divided."Too bad, old man," and "Don't youstand for it, Mr. Boyle," some of themsaid, and Dick Battle, the late joyfuldancer, stood with hands in his pockets,frowning."Ther-r's wor-rse," the Irishman wenton, and the irresistible smile of him hadthem all smiling, even Battle, the Georgian."Oi'm a soofragette meself," announcedMr. Boyle.A running fire of laughter and cheersburst at that. "Oh, come now," Huntingtonadjured him. "You don't reallybelieve in that stuff? Why, women

Mr. Boyle 57haven't the brains to vote, have they,now?""Yez know Timmy Slaggin, what sellsshoe-shtrings ?" Huntington admittedthat he knew Timmy. "Him wid th' ridnose ? He's dhrunk whin things go well—he's wake in the upper shtory whin heain't dhrunk. You know him?""Yes, I know him," said Huntington."What about him?" And the others listened,expecting an anecdote of Timmy."What about him?" Huntington asked."He votes," said Mr. Boyle.There was a moment's silence as thesimple argument sank in. Then DickBattle spoke. "It's not that the womenaren't good enough," he shot out in theimpulsive manner that was characteristicand winning. " It's that they're too good.We don't want them messing in the mudof politics. It's bromide, but woman'ssphere is home—by George, it is ! Isn'tit, Mr. Boyle?" He put it to the root ofthe argument.Mr. Boyle scratched his curly head."Be jabers, they're foine on th homejob," he acknowledged. "Oi've an ideethey'd shtick to their homes and familiesaven if they got th' vote," he added, andhesitated, and the group of clever ladswaited, attentive. "Th' law is an exthryardin'ryshtudy," Mr. Boyle went on." An' doos th' law provide thot all wimminwidout homes can git thim by applyin' tothe anti-soofragette association?" he demanded."You antis go back to work," HollowayByrd advised. "You're getting the worstof it. And we had all better pitch innow," he spoke. One after another theboys dropped into the swinging seats beforetheir desks and bent their heads overbooks and papers, and Dick Battle, lookingup as he faced the open door, saw thelight and shadow of a lantern spring highand low, bright and dark across the ceilingand walls of the long corridor, andheard the rich burring of Mr. Boyle'svoice as he sang in an undertone till heturned the corner something cheerful andindefinite about" 'Two little maids in blueTra-la-la—Tra-la-la.' "Next evening Battle left the Record officefor an hour or two, early. As he hurriedacross the campus under starlight hebrought up suddenly. " Me distinguishedfri'nd," spoke a voice."Oh, hello, Mr. Boyle," smiled Dick." Good evening.""Good evenin', me distinguishedfri'nd," answered Mr. Boyle, and went onpromptly, evidently laboring under someexcitement: "Yez see thim shtars upthere?" he demanded." I do," acknowledged Dick."Do yez know," stated Mr. Boyleheatedly, "they've the owdacity to tellme they kin measure the distince to thimshtars.""No?" Dick considered. After the reflectionsof the night before on his mentalbalance he hesitated to indorse madastronomers; with a useful platitude hehurried on.For he wanted to get somewhere. Hehad managed an hour off, and he did notwish to waste any of it. Though he hadnot known the girl long, he faced alreadythe fact that he would rather be with heranywhere than with any one else anywhereelse. There was something abouther, there was a charm, there was an intangible,thrilling interest, there was—which is always, without exception, thecase. If half the race had been throughthe experience the other half would beforever ignorant of it, for there is no wayof telling that adventure. It is likely thatall adventures which involve depths ofliving are similarly inarticulate. DickBattle, swinging across the campus to thedean's house, did not generalize; his innervision was concentrated. He saw a pictureof a lighted room, of books and firelight,of a girl in white—and he walked faster."Do you want to hear Mr. Boyle'slatest?" he asked when the dream hadcome true and he sat there and saw her,her dress a blue of rosy white, the fairhead a manner of halo against long linesof friendly volumes, while the fire crackledin an undertone and the voice whichseemed to be so exactly the sweetest voicein the world tossed words at him whichrippled like running water. Extraordinaryhow everything about this girl wasthe most attractive of its kind ! " Do youwant to hear?" Dick inquired, talkingsurface talk while his heart burned withinhim.

58 Mr. BoyleShe did, and he told the tale of his encountera few minutes back and of the"owdacity" of people who thought theycould measure the stars. "He was ingreat form last night," Dick went on."He attacked the law as 'unconstitooshional'and announced himself a suffragette.He's a keen old bird," Dickacknowledged. "He got in one or twopretty clever hits at antisuffrage.""That's not so hard," stated the perfectperson in the white dress."What?" Dick was not sure he hadheard aright."Why, of course, half my friends areantis; it's right to be an anti if you see itthat way, but—the arguments are mostlyon our side, aren't they?""Our side?" repeated Dick.The girl went on serenely, not noticingthat she scattered bombs as she went." It's hard for the antis. They believe intheir creed—at least some of them do—lots of them simply take to cover behindmake-believe consciences. Either wayit's not soul-stirring to have for a war-cry'Don't let's!' Is it? No cause rousesenthusiasm that way—do you think?It's a negative suggestion, and that'spsychologically weak, by the text-books.I've been reading William James andsuch, you see."Dick was speechless. The years of hislife, the inheritance of his forefathers, thetraditions of his caste rose and formedhalf of a mixture which would not combine.The other half was this girl, thegirl without a fault. He was Southern ofthe South; he had met few people in theNorth; his bred-in-the-bone feeling as towomen had not been modified; never fora moment did he allow that such had aright to walk about on our earth, muchless to climb mountains if they saw fit,instead of standing on pedestals. Hismental skeleton had grown to fit an ideal;he had found the ideal, the one woman;he had learned rather promptly to worshipat her feet, and behold, as he kneltbefore the pedestal of the goddess, thegoddess hopped down and proceededhappily about the common or gardenground. The mental skeleton of theknight was wrenched. He sat dumb inhis suffering. The violet eyes widened."Why, you didn't know I was a suffragist,"she discovered. "You're—theother side—" She hesitated to call himan "anti." "You're — displeased withme?"That gentle manner of putting itthrilled Dick. That he should be "displeased"with The Only Girl in theWorld ! That she should state it so meekly,so adorably! Come ! He had misunderstood.This was a joke. He laughed."You gave me a beastly jolt," he said." I thought you were in earnest. For oneawful moment I believed you were—asuffragette.""I like the other word better," the girlsaid gravely. "I am that—a suffragist."Once more the world went wrong altogether.The order of things was off thetrack and bumped hideously; the bumpswere painful. Again Dick pulled himselftogether. One must steer goddesses attimes. It is not a woman's business tothink clearly, to reason. A man mustsometimes sweep away, even for a goddess,cobwebs of the mind. This time hedid not laugh. "You see," he began, "Idon't believe you've quite thought thisthing out. To begin with, do you really,in your heart, want to vote?"The girl considered him; there was noshrinking from his masculine judgmentsvisible; there was no offended pride either;simply she considered him. "Why, no,"she spoke at length. " I don't care aboutit.""Ah !" The universe was on the trackagain. "I knew you weren't that sort.""But I am," she asserted with an alluringfashion of assertion, with eyebrowslifted and a laugh in her eyes and themusic voice trailing into a rising inflectionas if one should say: "Didn't you knowit?" It was the prettiest statement ofa position in the world, and yet, Dickknew, it was firm. The everlasting hillsnot firmer."But you said you didn't want to vote.""Why, no. I don't. Not for myself.I have everything I want—all the goodthings that heart can desire. But it isn'tonly I. It's all the women in the world.It's justice. It isn't just the vote—that'sa trifling matter, in a way. But Sir OliverLodge says that to withhold it arbitrarilyis an insult and galls out of proportion. Itdoes. It's that, don't you see. It's why

should one set of people set limits to anotherset of people. It's taking my life,my education, and freedom as a privilege,not as a common right. It's being kept ina lower class, with inevitable hardships—"The girl stopped for breath.''Hardships !'' repeated Dick. "Whathardships in this country, I'd like toknow?""Plenty." The girl caught his words."Isn't a woman's opinion on any seriousquestion discounted before she speaks?Isn't 'womanish' a term of reproach?Isn't a man insulted to be told his intellector his character or his style ofwriting is like a woman's? Isn't a womansupposed to be nattered, on the contrary,to be told that her brain or mannerof doing things is like a man's? Aren'twomen treated by their men, generallyspeaking, with affectionate contempt?Do women get equal pay for equal workin the callings where they have peggedtheir way into recognition—teaching,stenography, clerkships ? No, they don't.You know it. Also, if any man—anyvoter—wants a place, other things beingequal, that vote settles his preferment forit over a woman. The woman standsaside, sometimes gives up her livelihood,because a person who can vote, and who'stherefore more important, wants it."Dick was distressed. All this seemedempiric. He had seen such statementsin print; he had even read them andput them down to one-sided reasoning.Doubtless, if one went into it, there werefacts which more than balanced apparentinjustice. Besides, this applied toworking women—not to goddesses. Whyshould a tall girl in a white gown, withgolden hair and a voice like runningwater—why should she care about orknow sordidness? Was not every manon earth ready to stand between her andhardship? It was unfitting, it revoltedhim to hear this talk in those tones. Suddenlyhe caught the note of laughter inthe tones which his soul adored. "A lectureon suffrage!" she spoke. "I neverdid it before, did I?""Never," said Dick; and then, thoughtfully:"There's a thing I'd like to say.We think a lot of the family in the South.I've grown up to consider the family aunit. Father and mother and childrenMr. Boyle 59parts of one institution, all with differentfunctions. The mother's affair is the mostbeautiful: to keep the home, the hearthfire, the heart of life to them all. Therough jobs like voting and breadwinning—thoseare the man's. What aboutthat?"The girl's eyes flashed to his. "You'renice," she said. "You don't try to poohpoohthings—but, then, few people donowadays. Suffrage has fought its wayto serious consideration. I'll tell youwhat I think about the family as a unit,Mr. Battle. It isn't a unit and never canbe again; also, it is so much a unit that nochanges can shake its oneness. It can'tbe a unit again because history won't gobackward. A married woman has individualinterests now—charities, clubs,studies, amusements. Often they're iden-• tical with her husband's, often not. Thatjust happens. She has opinions, too. Thehusband doesn't play golf to cover theamusements of the family, so why shouldhe vote to cover the opinions of the family?The missis may agree with himabout the next President or not; theyshould be able to differ peaceably, as theywould about tennis and golf or church orthe books they read. Shouldn't they?"asked the girl. "Anyhow, it's so. Awoman is a person these days and notonly a fender for the fire—sacred firethough it is—of course it is.""Oh!" murmured Dick."And the other way around; the familyis forever a unit. Do you know any womanwho isn't crazy about her house andher children ? If you do, isn't she a freak ?Don't worry, Mr. Battle, the eternal feminineis on the planet to stay, and knowinga bit isn't going to unsettle her. Itdoesn't take you more than three hours ayear to do your voting, does it? Well,three hours a year won't spoil the housekeepingof any family. And don't beafraid we'll talk about the legislature andstocks all the time. We'll frivol the betterfor a little ballast in our heads."She tossed up a hand. "There's somethingelse to the family-unit point—whatabout the thousands of old maids?"With that she threw back her fair head."I'm ashamed," she cried, "to deliver alecture to a helpless guest. And a Southerner,tied and bound by chivalry !"

60 Mr. BoyleThoughtfully, half an hour later, DickBattle swung through wind and rainacross the campus and in among the bigbuildings. He considered several things,among them his mother, that typicalwoman of the South, made of charm, ofgentleness, of spirit. He could imagineher doing difficult things as Southernwomen of one more generation back didthem: defending house and children withfirearms, riding battle-fields with messages,putting through men's jobs on desertedplantations. But he could notimagine her voting. A vision rose of her,slender and young still, and a grande dameto her finger-tips" Vote—you, dear ? Never," Dick mutteredto himself as he turned into BrentHall, to the Record office.He took his place among the rest, alreadysilent and busy in the large room,and he tried to throw off a preoccupationof two personalities which met andclashed in his upset mind, his mother andthe girl. What would his mother, bornand bred in a country of strong prejudices,say when she knew that he had given hisheart to—a suffragist? Would she everbe reconciled? What would life be if hemust give up one of the two, his motheror ?He shook off the thought and turned tohis work. And with that, down the long,still corridor outside progressed a rhythmof shuffling feet; a flash of Mr. Boyle'slantern shot a gleam ahead in the darknessand the burr of his voice, like honeyand locusts, followed." ' Oi've seen th' wedclin' an' th' wake,Th' patron an' th' fair,'"sang Mr. Boyle, approaching with heavyweight dancing down the tiles, and theLaw Record board lifted heads and smiledin unison at the advent of their nightlyintermission. The mellow bass rose unhurriedly:" 'Oi've seen th' weddin' an' th' wake,Th' patron an' th' fair;Th' shtuff they take,Th' fun they make,Th' heads they breakDown there.Wid a loud halooAn' a whirlabalooAn' a thunderin' clear th' wayFer dear ol' Ireland, gay ol' Ireland,Ireland, byes, hooray.' "The last three lines were across thethreshold and the end was swamped inapplause mixed with the slamming of lawbooks."Good evenin', me distinguishedfri'nds," Mr. Boyle saluted the board asthe noise quieted. "An' how are theyoung shtatesmen this evenin'?" Mr.Boyle's greetings were not varied."First class, Mr. Boyle." HollowayByrd spoke for his team. "How areyou ? What sort of a night are you providingfor us to go out into when we getthrough?"Mr. Boyle shook his head. " 'Tis notwhat Oi'd wish for the loikes of yez," hegrieved. " 'Tis sich a noight as wud maketwo noights if noights was scarce," hestated. "But, there now, shure we can'tordher an' disordher th' firmamint as weplazes," and a shout of joy at two bonsmots in one breath encouraged him tofurther words. "An' how's th' law doin'the noight?" he inquired. "Are yezholdin' it down shtrong?""Otherwise. The law's got us by theneck this evening," the recent-decisionseditor contributed, and the board agreed."Shure 'tis a feerful shtudy th' law—'tis an exthry-ardin'ry shtudy," Mr.Boyle proffered with sympathy if notoriginality. "An' have yez rid all thimbooks this evenin'?" he inquired, gazingat perhaps thirty fat blond tomes litteringthe place. "An' now"—he picked upa calf volume, " Cook on Corporations"—"does this be th' law— 'Blanks andLate — Late — um-m — Ambi — ambibigar-rters,'"read Mr. Boyle sonorously."A dockymint—yis, sor-r. Thot's thrue.A dockymint. Oi've seen thim—dockymints!—maybe void f'r intrins-sickindefin-um-m-m—of ter-rms—ter-rums"—landing hard on an easy word—"or-r itmay be, though defineite, impossible—impossible, take notice, yez—t' enforceexthra-tin-sickly — eh ? — because therear-re no objects existing upon which itster-rms may operate? T—tt," grievedMr. Boyle.The boys waited, hoping for a comment."There, there," spoke Mr. Boyle soothinglyas if to quiet the bad temper of"Cook on Corporations." "'Tis a pity,onnyhow, 'tis fearful, th' law. An' to

Mr. Boyle 61think 'tis thot sort yez have to be makin'your livin' out of, glory be to God," Mr.Boyle concluded reverently. Whetherthe reverence accrued to deity or the lawdid not appear. "An' the fakes yez dohave to be supportin'!" he went on reflectively." Poor byes ! To be trainin'in a coorse of false shtatemints.""Now, what's this attack for?" AlanHuntington demanded. "Law is to upholdlight and truth, not falsehood; don'tyou know that? And, 'Lex non curat deminimis,' anyhow," he flung out magnificently.Mr. Boyle clucked. "Whisht! 'Tis apity to shpake black curses to wan thotwishes yez well. An' a foine young manlike yez. I mishdoubt 'tis not thrue, onnyhow,"he decided with his twinklingsmile." Not true—' Lex non curat'? It's thetruest thing in history. 'Lex non curatunum damnum' is even truer. What'sstricken your confidence in the majestyof the law to-night, Mr. Boyle?""Me confidence, is ut? Well, thin, 'tisa thing, and Oi've been considerin' ut.'Tis what I was afther readin' last noightin wan of thim books itself—thot manan' woife is wan per-rson. Domn ! 'Tisnot th' fact," and Mr. Boyle's powerfulfist came whack on "Thomas on Negligence,"lying on Alan Huntington'sdesk."Oh, that riled you, didn't it?" spokeHuntington. "But you don't really believein women's rights and hysterics atthe polls and ladies in the legislature,do you?"Mr. Boyle bent earnestly toward theyoung man and shook a threatening finger."What's thot—th' legislachure?"he demanded."The legislature?" Huntington wasstartled by the sudden conundrum. Buthe was quick-witted and his answer wasprompt. "The legislature is a representativebody elected by the people of theState.""An' be th' wimmin people?" cameback.Huntington smiled a sarcastic smilewhich narrowed his black, brilliant eyesand made his slightly hard young mouthlook older. "Well, no. In law, criminals,lunatics, and women are not people," headmitted, and watched the janitor's intenseface."Uh!" Mr. Boyle considered, laboringwith his untaught brain against theseyoung princes of intellect. And then:"Thim legislachures, do they be legislatin'for pure love of their fellow min?""No, no." Everybody was listeningto the dialogue, wondering what Mr.Boyle was getting at. "No," said youngHuntington.course?""An' by whom?""Why, by the people.""They're paid salaries, ofHuntingtonwas bored—one wasted time talking tothis old duffer too long."An' be the wimmin people, thin?"brought out Mr. Boyle, and shook a bigfinger triumphantly. " 'Tis no need toask, whin there's payin' or wor-rk to do.Wimmin are the people for thim things.'Tis the droll wurrold," commented Mr.Boyle, and the board vigorously upheldthe victory of the pickaxe against theforty-two-centimetre gun."He's got you, Huntington, he's gotyou fair," Cass Emory shouted. Flushedwith success, Mr. Boyle went on."'Tis droll, argifyin'. Oi've heard twoways about ut, an' Oi've read two waysabout ut on more than siveral p'ints,an', however you go at ut, 'tis proved thotwimmin won't do. 'Tis said they're toofoine an' honor-rable to be p'luted wid th'votin'; 'tis also said they've no sinse ofhonor whativer and couldn't be thrustedwid a vote. 'Tis said they'd all vote whotway their min voted; 'tis also said they'dvote against their min an' make roits intofamilies; 'tis said they'd not take anyintris' in votin'; 'tis fear-red thot all thday long they'd be votin' and votin' an'interruptin' their homes. Niver in meloife have I hear-rd so many reasons on somany sides of a thrubble, an' all ag'instit. Yez can't be sint to jail f'r ut—'tisno crime exactly, bein' a woman, but 'tisa dishgrace," finished Mr. Boyle, andflashed a blue glance over the roomful oflads and plunged it like a sword into theblack look of Alan Huntington."Bless your soul, Mr. Boyle," Byrd,editor in chief, spoke, "they'd have youon the stump at a large salary if theyheard you talk down at the Woman'sNational Suffrage Headquarters. What's

62 Mr. Boyleset you on the trail so hot-footed? It'sas if you had personal reasons for seeingthe cause through."Mr. Boyle's face of sunshine set intogrimness. " 'Tis reason Oi have, and 'tispersonal reason, sor-r. An' Oi'm hopin't' see th' cause through, as yez said.Shure Oi am 'twill be in your day an'moine. An' whot Michael Boyle is ablet' do t' help—'twill be done."There was stillness a moment in thebig room; one felt the power of a personalityin earnest. Then Huntingtonthe scoffer spoke casually." I suppose you're going to march in theparade Saturday?" he asked, smiling.Mr. Boyle did not smile. "Oi am,"he answered seriously. "An' me woife.An'—an' maybe—me gyur-rl." He wasaware suddenly that the note was pitchedin a minor key; instantly he was restless;instantly his Irish tact shifted the tone." 'Tis a ralief t' me," he stated cheerfully,"thot yez niver gits toird shtudyin' th'law. F'r shure," said Mr. Boyle, " there'sa lot of ut to shtudy, an' 'tis a fear-rfulshtudy—an' exthry-ardin'ry shtudy—an'I must now be windin' me clocks." Witha shuffle of light feet he broke into music." 'Oi've seen th' weddin' and th' wake,Th' patron an' th' fair,' "sang Mr. Boyle, and passed out singingit; far down the corridor, as he turned acorner, they heard him change merrily tothe perfect inconsequence of" 'Two little maids in blueTra-la-la—Tra-la-la !'"And the Law Record board lifted up itsheart to a rarefied atmosphere of purereason through a stratum of atmosphereleft clear and pleasant by Mr. Boyle'samiable exit.All but Richard Battle. Do what hewould, he could not sustain himself onaccustomed heights. He could not shakeoff a sense that incompatible facts werehis affair to adjust. The girl whom he hadloved that first day only a month ago,whom he had loved more, with all that wasin him, including his judgment, each timehe had seen her since that day; the girl whoseemed to him everything which he haddreamed of a girl one day being; the girlwhom he had thought, with a deep-goingjoy, was the sort whom his mother wouldlove, too—this girl was one fact. Theother fact which he tried to adjust withher and could not was that she was asuffragist. A suffragette he had called it,because that word carries a man's contemptbetter than the simpler one. Asuffragette ! He knew his mother's prejudices.He knew the sentiment in theold Southern city. He knew his own dislikeof the sort of woman that word hadalways described to him. Yet he was alawyer. What was that which Alan hadsaid a few minutes back: "The law ismade to uphold light and truth." If hewere mistaken, if this cause which wasflooding the country should be carryingthose things, light and truth? Whatthen? How might he honestly stand ona foundation of prejudice if that ocean—light and truth—swept over him? Butwas it truth and light—the cause? Hehad not found answers ready to the rushingsentences of the girl that evening; buthe was not convinced; he could not yetbelieve that women—most women—objectedto being held in tutelage, kindlytutelage. Was it true that to vote—three or four times a year, as the girl hadsaid—would not automatically changethe gracious womenfolk whom he lovedinto strange masculine monsters? Hadthe time arrived in civilization when awoman who was a graduate of a seriousuniversity course, like the girl, should beconsidered as competent to know aboutgovernments as a stable-boy?Playing havoc with the rule againstperpetuities, these upheaving questionssplit in varying cleavages through thevirgin soil of Richard Battle's mind.Virgin soil, for never before had thatmind given an inch of room to anythingbut whole-souled repugnance toward theentire business. And forever the imageof his mother, of her surprise, her highbredamazement at his doubts, came like arefrain. Whatever might happen, therewas that finished personality, eternallyon the side of conservatism, to be reckonedwith. Yet one might not be dishonest.If this thing was so, if by someunbelievable logic this creed which revoltedhim meant justice, might oneresist ? Must not one follow justice if theskies fell ? Could one, possibly, help to do

Mr. Boyle 63wrong as the girl had said wrong was done control. He dropped his grizzled headtoward women working against odds, into his hands and gulped sobs whichworking for lower pay than men for mastered him.equal work with men? Could that be The boy patted his shoulder and spokeso ? The thought hurt the chivalrous boy futile words: "There, old chap," andlike a toothache."I've got to stop."We'll fix 'em—don't you worry," andI'll get in an extra "It'll come all right."hour to-morrow," he confided to HollowayThe man got his voice, an uncertainByrd, and took his hat and swung voice but yet speech. " Oi beg y'r pardon,out.sor-r. 'Tis mortal shamed Oi am—butHe veered to a room lying beyond the yez come on me suddin loike." A heavycorridor on his way. It was dark; somethingsob shook him. " 'Tis me gyur-rl," spokestirred. Dick had an electric flash­Mr. Boyle waveringly, and gazed at Dicklight. Mr. Boyle. Mr. Boyle, in one of through bleared eyes.the row of chairs set against the wall, "Your girl? Your daughter?" inquireddrooped in lax lines, lifting a face of Dick.dreary hopelessness to the sudden glare. " Uh-huh!" Mr. Boyle nodded. " Just."You!" Dick spoke. And the Irishman'Tis her thot was th' pride av us and themade an instant effort to be as he shmart wan av us all, an' 'tis a good ed-was expected to be.dication f'r common people we do be givin'"Shure an' 'tis me distinguishedher, an' her so quick at her books an'fri'nd. Av coorse," he stated. "'Tis wor-rkin' hard an' doin' well. 'Twas th'airly yez be leavin'. Oi wasn't expietin' bright face av her in th' house an' heryez. Maybe Oi was dhrappin' aff to singin' and crackin' jokes th' minit she'dshlape a wink whilst I was waitin' to shut be home from wor-rk that was joy t' heroop th' place after yez."mother and me. An'now—" The voice"I'm going early, yes," Dick agreed. broke again.He looked at the man's face in the concentrated"Did—did something happen to her?"little circle of light. As he stammered Dick, afraid to ask.looked a tear rolled off Mr. Boyle's cheek Mr. Boyle jerked straight and his faceand dropped into darkness. "Good was angry as the little cold light flashedLord! "Dick said. Then: "Mr. Boyle— across it. "Thim divils bounced her," heyou're in trouble. Can I do anything?" announced sternly.The Irishman's upper lip, stiff and Dick was bewildered. " Bounced her ? "dark with many years' shaving, twisted he repeated.in vain effort at control; a throb of "She was head shtenographer to thesympathy caught the boy. Poor old dishtrict attorney's office," explained Mr.chap! Poor old Mr. Boyle ! So full of Boyle. "She'd wor-rked oop t' ut indeviltry five minutes back for their benefit,three years, an' thot's quick. An' they'dand all the time some wolf gnawing! promised her a big raise t' her sal'ry, thotHe dropped into a chair and put his hand good at takin' ut down she was. An'on a heaving shoulder.along cum a mon—wan o' these here"Mr. Boyle! I'm sorry. I am, for a voters," Mr. Boyle explained in detailfact. Can't I do something? You're a with scorn, "an' he tuk a shoine to memighty good friend of all of us. If it's gyur-rl's job, an' th' dishtrict attorney,anything I can tackle I'll see it through he was comin' oop f'r eliction ag'in, an'with a whoop. I don't want to—butt in,but do let a fellow help."th' feller was a politician and conthrolledthe war-rd, an' so he giv me gyur-rl th'Mr. Boyle slewed about an elderly, go-by jist loike thot. All her wor-rk forlined face marked with tears. "'Tis not three years gonn f'r nothin'. All herpickled Oi am," he explained. And then: c'reer thot she did be hopin' f'r—gonn,"" 'Tis none of me business wor-ritin' stated Mr. Boyle in a voice of tragedy.th' yoong shtatesman," he brought out "It was a beastly shame. But she'llbrokenly, and tried to pull himself together.get another job just as good, of course."But the touch of the lad's hand Dick was conscious of a hotness as hehad perhaps been too much for his self-said it.

64 Mr. Boyle"'Tis not all," went on Mr. Boyle."Th' gyur-rl's health was dishtroyed.'Twas down sick in bed she was f 'r wakes,and whilst she was so she lost a chanst avtwo jobs, an' thot smashed her entoirly.So she tuk th' brownchitis of a bad wetday goin' afther wor-rk, an' 'tis gonn t' herlungs, an' we don't know now if we'll saveher at all at all."Dick, silent, thought rapidly. He puthis arm about the man's shoulder as theshaking sentences ended. "Mr. Boyle,"he said then, "I see now why you'restrong for woman's suffrage, and I don'twonder a bit. But, look here, you keepup your courage; we'll save your girl.I've thought of somebody who—who'llknow how. What she needs is hope, Ireckon. And—there's somebody I knowwho—who could put hope into a boiledfish," Dick finished eloquently. "Willyou brace up till I can see about it?" headjured.And Mr. Boyle, the flash being turnedon his tear-stained face, was seen to besmiling tremulously. "I will. 'Tis agood young shtatesman yez are," saidMr. Boyle. "Ye've put hope into me.Good night, sor-r."Under the doorway of Dick's roomlay a letter—his mother's writing. Heswitched on the lamp on his big oaktable and sat down under the greenshadedlight to read it."My laddie," the letter began, "I havea confession to make which I'm nervousabout. You're going to be horriblyshocked. Please put down this letter,and walk twice around your big oak table,and think of all the bad things I couldpossibly do and resign yourself to theworst, and then—have you done it?"Dick got up, smiling, and marchedtwice around the table. He dropped intothe chair, curious but amused; he readon:"Dick—I've turned suffragist. SUF­FRAGIST ! ME. Your conventional, conservative,not so high-brow, not so badlydressed closest relation. I'm afraid ofwhat my clever lad may say, but, Dicky—you can't shake me, whatever you say, forI came to it sorely against my will and,as you know, against my traditions, andI believe in it because I can't help it. Ican't see any way around it if I wish tobe sincere. I'm not intelligent, like you,boy, and I had only the education whichwas thought good enough for girls, butMrs. Elliott Dane has been talking to me,and she's clever. You know she is a cleverperson. I think that she convinced meby her simplest argument. She saidartificial and arbitrary disqualificationswere to be distrusted and that a woman'sdisqualifications were that sort—that noone knows if she's fitted for the franchiseor not—simply, men have decided it.That's all. She said every living creatureshould have an equal chance, a fair sharein education, an open entrance to professions,an opportunity for service. Thevote, Mrs. Dane says, is a trivial point,but that one class of people should be ableto say whether another class shall haveit and shall say no is a gratuitous insult;it galls out of proportion to its importance.""Ah!" Dick spoke aloud. The girl'svery words; Mrs. Dane had also beenreading Sir Oliver Lodge."There are miles of argument, Dicky,but I won't make you read my rehash.When you come home you can talk toMrs. Dane—and you will like to. Youremember how pretty she is? She hasbeen in Paris and wears clothes to makeone's mouth water. To see her in her bigcar with her four radiant boys and herbeaming husband—that is rather a suffrageargument in itself. Well, I'm terrifiedat the thought of your displeasure—terrified but firm. Yes, in my shakingway, absolutely firm. But, Dicky, I hateto think of our disagreeing. Couldn't youlook into it and see if you can't consistentlybe a suffragist, too ? I would cry withjoy if you could. Emily Bristed's boytold me the other day that if women gotthe ballot he would never again give hisseat in the street-car to a woman. AndI said: 'Maybe not, Tommy, but your sonwill'" In any case, I shall be sitting on thefront door-step waiting for the postmantill I hear from you, so write me a quickletter."A telephone message in the morningmade an engagement for the afternoonwith the Only Girl in the World."It's a shame to bother you," Dicksaid when the miracle of being in her

Mr. Boyle 65presence had once more occurred. "But lot of votes, and the majority won't be intelligentpoor old Mr. Boyle—you any more than the majority ofknow Mr.Boyle?"men's. It will increase the ignorant vote.Certainly she did, the dean's daughter. There's no question. It may muddle politics"He's a dear, and as good as a play," shestated further.a bit."Dick laughed. "How do you answerDick set forth the situation. The violet that?"eyes were misty when he had done."I've seen his gyur-rl," she said, "and" I don't answer it," said the girl. " It'sthe only unanswerable point the antisshe's all that he says, winning like her have—and they make so little of it. Thefather, and capable, and a pretty thing ethical stuff is so much—punk. Theybesides. I think there's a young man in know it is. They don't believe it themselves—unsexingthe story," the girl ruminated. women—neglecting the"I can'tquite remember, but—I think he got hurt home—burdening us with responsibilityand is slowly getting well, and she's workingand saving so that they may be married—nobody believes all that; they try toput it across, but it doesn't go. It goes lessin time. I think that's it, but, how­and less. Expediency—that's the realever, anyhow," the soft, alive tones went argument. And to me "—she searchedon, "we must look after Mr. Boyle's for words—"to me it's the argument ofgyur-rl. Of course. Why, he's the best short vision and timid minds. Wheneveremployee in the college—father said so. did progress mean certainty? If youEverybody likes him. Why didn't he climb mountains don't you risk holes?come to father? There's a place—yes— But you climb. Humanity climbs—andI know. That's the thing. The secretary risks. Living in feather beds isn't profitableof the dean of the School of Mines is goingto New York to live—that's the very for nations or individuals. Rightis bigger than expediency; society hasthing." The girl was on her feet with quickened its step to sharper changes inexcitement. "I'll see father in an hour the music than this. Also"—she smiled—I'll make him put it through. Call —"also statistics show that women enme up—let's see—at eight to-night. I'llknow then, and you can tell Mr. Boylemasse are better educated than men.More conservative, too, and rather morethis evening. I'll go and see the girl today—now.moral. I don't believe there will be anyShe won't have brownchitis howling mob rushing to the polls. Butwhen I've talked to her. For, as you even if"—she repeated—"even anyhow,said, it's just hope she needs."Dick, radiant, nodded. " I knew you'dbe wonderful," and he held out his hand.it's fair. A great step isn't made withouttaking some chances in the footing—You must go to the office," she threw at"I've got to rush to the office and him vehemently. Then: "To-morrowwork now," he said. "I sidestepped last afternoon's the parade. Will you benight." He stood stock-still and held the somewhere to see me march?"little hand. "I must go." He held her "Suppose you'd let me march withhand. Then, a bit nervously, snatching you," suggested the boy.at words to break that heavy-laden pause: "No. Don't be impulsive. Take"You know—my mother has turned suffragist.time."And I'm wavering. I'm won­"Time!" Dick nodded at the clock.dering—" He stopped."Look at the time. No, don't look. It"What?" the girl gasped. "Not you? doesn't matter. I'm going." And heYou Southerner; you mediaavalist? "" Well," the boy deliberated, " I've beenwent.Long before the hour of the suffrageshaken up in about three ways. I'm on parade crowds gathered up the avenue.the fence. Almost I'm persuaded " Dick placed himself early on a desirableShe interrupted: "You mustn't until curbstone by a notable lamp-post. Sheyou are persuaded quite, not almost. might see him; it was worth while to standThere's one real argument against us, you two hours for one violet glance. He picturedknow—expediency. how the lashes would lift, how aBe sure what youthink about that. Suffrage will let in a welcome would flash from under; was itVOL. LXVI.—5

66 Mr. Boylenot worth while to stand for two hours bya lamp-post?After a while far down the highwaylifted intermittent music; there came therise and fall of marching figures, figuresin white, a slow-flowing white river withbanners. After the band a troop of ridersled the parade, and among these, Dickknew, rode the girl. There she was. Asluck would have it she was on the nearedge of the line; she was about to passwithin six feet. Young Phoebus Apollo,unconscious of his height and his beauty,oblivious to smiling strangers who regardedhim, pressed forward. She wascoming; she was here; she was past.Sitting her horse squarely, looking neitherto right nor left, gazing out forward as ifinto a future, she rode past and did notsee him. A pang of disappointment, andthen the boy realized that this was as itshould be. Just so rapt, so concentratedhe would have her. " I like it that way,"he murmured and fell back against hislamp-post.The crowds filled every inch of sidewalkfor miles up and down the greatstreet; the procession swept on. Therewas something in the sight which caughtat the boy's pulse. No aggressive, pseudomasculinemob this, no assemblage offlightiness seeking for sensation. Lineafter line swam forward rhythmically,ordered waves of a sea, rising and fallingwith the lift and tread of marching feet—women's feet. Company after companyof grave, bright faces, looking forwardas the girl's, each with the significanceof no uncertain purpose, they came on.Sections carried banners, and the warmbreeze of the May day fluttered the goldof some of the banners and the white andgreen and purple of others over the whitecladhost; bands came up at intervalsand played triumphantly, and the musicpassed as the first notes of the next bandfloated from the distance. There wasabout it all an atmosphere of sober jubilancy,the assured joy of a multitude ofpeople who were paying a price for anobject. All sorts and conditions of womenpassed. There were ladies of easy carriagewhose plain white gowns were cutby expensive tailors; next such an onemany a time trudged a woman whosecoarse white blouse and skirt had probablybeen washed and ironed by her ownhands for the day. And the two smiledat each other sisterly as they fell intostep together."The colonel's lady and Judy O'GradyAre sisters under the skin."Nothing brings out that fundamentalfact more than suffrage. Next Dick onthe sidewalk stood an elderly woman inpoor clothes whose face was carved bylife into a mask of tragedy. Her bonnet,with a bunch of worn violets, was tiedunder her chin after a fashion which womenof sixty or seventy do not, follow inAmerica. There was an air of Englandabout the woman, and suddenly she spokein unmistakable British tones, so agitatedat the sight of the marching thousandsthat speak she must."To think that I should live to seeit!" she said, and clinched a hand to herheart.Dick smiled down at her; a thicksetman wheeled about. He lifted his hat,noting the poverty and the ladyhood ofher."Madam," the man said, "you'll live,I think, to see more than this.""Do you believe it?" the womangasped. Then: "I've gone through—much. I'm English. They took mychildren from me—my husband. He hadthe legal right. I had done no wrong, butwe quarrelled—over this." She tossedher hand toward the ranks. "Men areharder in England. It killed me. I havebeen—dead ever since." Then eagerly:"You think women here will get thevote?""Ah, madam," the man smiled, "lookfor yourself. Will American men resistthis—dignity of appeal? This is nohysterics. Our women must have whatthey judge right. Look at the faces ofthe crowd—see how sympathy is withthe marchers."Dick looked then, as the two talked.The women in the dense mass on the sidewalkbent forward, eager, as if learning athrilling lesson; the men regarded equallyintently, with varying expressions. Somewere wide-eyed and some were sympathetic,some set and disapproving; hereand there one saw a thoughtful man'sface drawn together and keen eyes watch-

Poetry 67ing, weighing; often a man looked bewildered,dizzy with the mental impetus,perhaps, of this swinging multitude.And suddenly Dick seemed to see,through the ordered, flowing ocean, ahost of other women, the unhappy onesof the centuries, uncounted millions whohad lived and died since ever the world beganwithout the thing these were marchingfor—freedom. His mind flashed backand back: there were girls of Orientalcountries bought and sold like cattle fortheir beauty, said to have no souls; therewere Indian women, drudges and slavesto savages; there were little souls drownedat birth for the sin of being born women;there were women of mediaeval Europespending their lives sewing tapestry;there were women of to-day, slaves asmuch as any, pampered and jewel-ladenand tied by conventions, and women ofto-day kicked and beaten and degraded;his mind conjured an army of ghosts seepingnoiselessly up through the ranks ofthese Americans who marched always pasthim, their silent appeal, full of hope, overflowingthe sunny May air.With that the parade was halted toallow accumulated trolley-cars to cross itat the street above. And behold herewere the "Martyrs," the men who hadthrown their weight to help womankindin its battle. Here was the contingent ofhis own university, capped and gownedand stately, the president at the head, thedean—her father—at his side. And therewas Holloway Byrd, leading the law students,and Cass Emory, and JeromeLewis—Dick was aware of a pang thathe, too, was not of that company. Forhe knew now—he knew. He believed,and his faith had made him whole. Andat the thought a voice called his name,a voice with a rich burr." Misther Battle — me distinguishedfri'nd," the voice called. The halt hadbrought Mr. Boyle to a standstill exactlyin front of Dick's lamp-post. "Comealong in," Mr. Boyle adjured him. "Arrah,dhrap in and do y'r shtep f'r freedomwhilst th' shteppin's good. Shure, 'tissorry y'll be later whin th' scrimmige iswan and y're not in ut. Come in, thin,me son," adjured Mr. Boyle.Phoebus Apollo sprang forward as ifhis horses had bolted; he dropped intoline beside Mr. Boyle just as the columnstarted on." 'Two little maids in blue,Tra-la-la,Two little maids in blue—''Tis glad Oi am yez come in, me youngshtatesman," chanted Mr. Boyle happilyunder his breath as they kept time acrossthe car-tracks. "Th' lady gineral sintwor-rd along we was t' remimber we'remar-rchin' f'r a cause an' t' look naithert' th' roight nor naither t' th' lift," Mr.Boyle set forth further through his teeth,his eyes straight ahead, his lips spittingout the commandment with as smallmovement as possible. Somewhere back,near, a band struck up "Onward ChristianSoldiers.""Marching for a cause," Dick whispered.That was the meaning of the earnest,straight-gazing eyes, from Her eyes all theway back through the thousands on thousandsof swinging women. Suddenly theboy seemed to feel his mother's hand slipinto his—a proud and honest and sweetspirit was beside him. And far ahead, upthe great avenue, he knew that the OnlyGirl in the World, on her horse, betweenthe lines of packed, still faces, rode in thevan, starry-eyed, marching for a cause.POETRYBy Grace Denio LitchfieldAN olden Harp, to rarest music strung,Midway betwixt our world and Heaven is hung,Beyond the reach of Earth's short-statured men.But the gods, descending, touch it now and then

Village near Aleppo with conical huts.THE BERLIN TO BAGDAD LINEIN THE PATHS OF CYRUS'S "TEN THOUSAND,"ST. PAUL, AND THE CRUSADERSBY JOHN H. FINLEYRed Cross Commissioner to PalestineILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHORWHEN Virgil in his FirstEclogue made Tityrus,reclining in plenteous prosperitybeneath his beechwood-tree,remark to Melibceus(who had been drivenlike a Belgian by war into exile) that certainimpossible things—such as the grazingof stags in the skies—would come topass before he would forget the face of hispatron who had kept him out of war's disasters,he included among these impossibilitiesthe reaching of the river Tigris bythe Germans. That poetical illustrationof the inconceivable came near in the year1918 to discrediting Virgil's profession ofallegiance to the dust of his patron CaesarAugustus. How near, one may discoverwho travels in 1919 by the "BagdadRoad" out beyond the Euphrates towardancient Nineveh; for this road, since thebeginning of the war, had burrowed its68way through the Taurus Mountains,crept farther along the edge of the Syriandesert, and awaited only a favoring lullin the Western battle or a Teuton victoryto leap to that farthest of the four riversinto which the stream divided that ranthrough the Garden of Eden.As it is, Virgil's figure of speech, usedtwo thousand years ago, is as happilypertinent to-day for illustrating an impossibilityof forgetting as ever it was inthe time of Caesar Augustus.I first saw this iron path (of one whoaspired to be William the Great) at Aleppo,the ancient Berea, the place wherethe empire-paths of Cyrus the Great andAlexander the Great crossed each other,though a half century apart. It was there,said Xenophon in that immortal textbook(which an infinitesimal per cent ofthe boys and girls now read in high school—Xenophon's Anabasis), that Cyrus's

"Ten Thousand" came to a river "ahundred feet broad, stocked with tamefish which the Syrians regard as gods andwill not suffer to be injured—and so, too,the pigeons of the place." (I was toldthat there are still "innumerable carp"in that vicinity, to this day held sacred.)The villages thereabout in the time ofthe Anabasis belonged to Parysatis, themother of Cyrus, "as part of her girdlemoney." And the villages thereabout today,with their conical huts, such as Isaw nowhere else, look at a distance likethe ornaments on a girdle, though ofcourse Xenophon used the illustrationwith another import.From this place I travelled one grayFebruary morning to the Euphrates, afew more parasangs by the Bagdad train,slow as it was, than Cyrus's men marchedthence (enteuthen exelaunei) in "fivestages." But instead of taking Cyrus'sshort course to the river (and that ofAlexander the Great), the road, to avoidthe desert beyond, since it could not followthe Euphrates, turns northward andcrosses the river some fifty miles higherup than Cyrus's famous fording (where"no man was wetted above the chest"—the river "manifestly retiring before theface of Cyrus like a courtier bowing tothis future king"). The iron bridge ofthe iron path asks no obeisance. It isindifferent to the floods of this turbidstream, and permanently holds the fordswhere Nebuchadnezzar stopped the advanceof Pharaoh Necho.But Nebuchadnezzar and Necho arenow names only. East Indians, picturesque,dignified, and detached, even inkhaki, guard both sides of the Euphrates.Turks, who have exchanged their flowingrobes for shabby European workingclothes, drive the wheezy engines, madeThe Berlin to Bagdad Line 69in Magdeburg or Essen, which crawlacross the bridge and back two or threetimes a week, leaking at every pore. Andyoung, lithe, quiet English officers, whoknow both the West and the East, try tokeep things in order until the Peace Congressaround a remote table decides whatis to be done with the territory for whichmankind has fought off and on for aboutsix thousand years.What with the steel bridge, the watertank,and the "round house," the Bagdadstation at Jerablus (or Carchemish, ifyou prefer its most ancient-known name,)might, except for the figure of the EastIndian soldier against the flat landscape,be a Chicago and Rock Island stationalong some low-banked stretch of theIllinois River. I well remember how thatMiddle Western stream seemed in myboyhood to run out of or through Paradise.It required some effort of the imagination,however, as well as faith in theinfallibility of the Scriptures, to think ofthe Euphrates as having any memory ofthe Garden of Eden. (Yet I know thatmany an Appalachian or Rocky MountainAmerican has to make the same efforttouching the Illinois River.)Certain it is, at any rate, that Abrahamlived in this region. Indeed, the city towardwhich I was journeying called itselfhis birthplace, though its name was Urfaand not Ur (and known as Edessa, inthe Middle Ages, the farthest city heldby the Crusaders under the lordship ofBaldwin). Whatever archaeological doubtthere may be as to Abraham's havingbeen born there, Haran, where he livedfor many years with his father Terah,was not farther away from where I wasthan Poughkeepsie is from Albany. So, Iwas in the country that was Abraham'shome, before his migration, at the age ofseventy-five and in the year 1921 B. C.(according to Ussher), into the Land ofPromise. By a singular and unplannedcoincidence it was Abraham Lincoln'sbirthday, the 12 th of February, in theyear 1919 A. D.I had intended to walk about thirtymiles beyond the station Arab-Punar atwhich the train stopped, there being notroops as yet to guard the stations farthereast. (The track is laid, however, toand perhaps beyond Nisibin.) But Iwas advised that my going to give theproposed relief (in the city where overtwenty years ago a thousand Armenianswho had taken refuge in a church "weresuffocated by the smoke of burning carpetsand mats previously soaked in petroleum,"and where new sufferings werebeing inflicted) would probably invite thefurther persecution of those I wished tohelp, and so, sending by stealth to them

70 The Berlin to Bagdad Linethe gold I was carrying, I awaited theturning about and departure of my train,whose passengers on this return trip werelargely demobilized Turkish soldiers to bedistributed along the way between thispoint and Constantinople, nearly a thousandmiles away—and with no prospectof a Fifth Avenue reception when theyreached their several desolate destinations.I had an hour or two of leisure to celebratethe birthday of my country'sturned eastward, as the unblinking eyesof the Sphinx which had never beheld aWestern sky. Yet even there, one couldnot safely generalize. It was not far fromthere that I saw a woman caring fortwenty or thirty of her young sister Armeniansrescued from a worse slaverythan that from which Lincoln had emancipatedmillions. I found that she couldspeak English—of the American accent—and that she had been taught (and notThe projected line of the Bagdad Railroad from Constantinople to Bagdad, part of which isalready in operation."Abraham" at this farthermost post ofthe army of Allenby, the Deliverer ofPalestine, and in sight of Saruj whichBaldwin had captured and then taken tohimself an Armenian wife. Except forthe "confusion of tongues" which hadcome upon the race somewhere out betweenthose rivers, where the unfinishedTower of Babel must have stood crumblingfor centuries, I should undoubtedlyhave tried to assemble the natives andtell them about Lincoln, such was myhabit in the States. It was inconceivableto me at home in America that therewas any part of the world that had notheard of him. But there, I was ready tobelieve, they had not. Their faces wereonly our tongue but our ideals) by a youngAmerican woman whose father must haveheard the Lincoln-Douglas debate by theside of the old prairie college buildingswhere I was her classmate. So perhapssome of the miserably clad, emaciated,weary soldiers whom I saw scramblinginto the open trucks (where they were toride unprotected during the cold nights)had after all heard of another Abrahamthan theirs. Certainly there was a dimfame among the cities (based on the unselfishlives of American teachers, missionaries,doctors, and nurses) of a peoplewho had a disinterested interest in otherpeoples, strange as that might seem.Their Grand Mufti, who had studied in

Engine of train, Bagdad Road, in Taurus Mountains. (The America Near East Commission Special.)Egypt, had even given expression to thisrumor in a letter of Calvinistic flavor,which I have elsewhere quoted:" No one can dispute the fact known ofGod and confirmed by your noble history,O citizens of America, that out ofcompassion and charity He created youto do good to humanity."And so, perhaps, the faces of some ofthese men would have lighted if I hadspoken the name of Abraham Lincoln'sland.As it was, I looked off toward the "OldHomeland" of the race, along the steelrails, and especially toward Haran, one ofthe stations just beyond (where Abrahamwould have taken the train if therehad been a railroad there in his day)with a gratitude that Abraham had in1921 B. C. migrated from that country,had given the world to the westward,after twenty centuries, the Great Teacher,and after as many generations more,lacking one, had given his name to thegreat exemplar of the democracy whichthe Great Teacher taught.But with this thought went always ateven pace another, whether I walked towardHaran or Eden or Ararat—and onceI thought I saw that mountain whichstands farthest back in history, but Iafterward learned that it was still farbeyond the snow-covered peaks which Isaw spanned for nearly an hour by such arainbow as Noah must have seen, overthose same mountains, if his had been inthe morning. The Almighty has kept hisrainbow covenant with the nations of menthat "seed-time and harvest, winter andsummer, cold and heat, day and nightshall not cease." But the thought thatwalked with my grateful one was, thatsince these sequences have brought littlebut misery, or at most only the mostprimitive satisfactions, to those whostayed at home, or became its tenants,we who have benefited by what has comeout of that old abandoned farm ought,with the other nations of the civilizationwhich it has started on its way, to see thatthe mortgage of misery is lifted and theplace restored. For it has, in spots atany rate, all its pristine potentialities.(Lord Harcourt said to me a year agothat he had a million acres under cultivationin wheat, farther down the valleystoward the Gulf.)It is eight or nine hundred miles, as Iestimate, from the Euphrates to C©nstantinople,if one follows the course of7i

72 The Berlin to Bagdad Linethe Bagdad Railroad, whose track is laida part of the way where the feet of the"Ten Thousand" had marched, whereSt. Paul had tramped in his first and secondmissionary journeys, and where Godfreyof Bouillon, Tancred, Baldwin, Raymond,and Bohemond had passed, andFrederick the First had perished.In my anabasis (if I may give mylonely expedition a name so ambitiousand yet so contemned by many a youth)from the Euphrates toward ConstantinopleI had to make a circuitous journey,as did St. Paul from Damascus. I wentfirst from Aleppo to Damascus, then toJerusalem, then to Haifa (near old Caesareawhere St. Paul took ship), and thenby sea to Beirut and Mersina, on thecoast of Asia Minor, a few miles fromSt. Paul's "hometown '' Tarsus,which was also thesame town as thattoward which Jonahsailed from Jaffa,when evading thecall to Nineveh.But the readerwould, I fear, findthis an uncomfortableand perhaps atiresome trip, evento read of, for I travelledmost of theway in freight-cars(of the type knownto our soldiers inFrance, accommo-Fuel for the engine.Bagdad Road.dating "45 hommesor 8 chevaux") on atrawler (which wasabsolutely the mostuncomfortablemeans of transportationthat I haveever endured) andon a British "destroyer"whichmight very fitlyhave borne St.Paul's name beforehe changed it,in the days when hewas "breathing outthreatenings andslaughter."There is a shorter and less indirectway, for, speaking generally, there is nodirect way from one place to another inthat part of the world. (This is possiblythe reason why the street in Damascuscalled "Straight" got its distinguishingname. The railroad track, even on whatseemed to be a plain, seldom advancedfar in a straight line.) The shorter wayleads off to the northwest from Aleppo,over or through the Amanus Mountains,and then down to Adana, a few miles fartherinland than Tarsus from Mersina.It was at Adana—after coming in thislong circuitous way from over towardNineveh, after spending a good part of aday on the "destroyer" just off Mersina,unable to land on account of the heavysea, which, as in the days of Jonah, didArmenian refugees returning to their homes.

The Berlin to Bagdad Line 73not "cease from her raging," and, afterpassing through Tarsus at twilight, thatI again found myself on this path of hoplite,missionary, and crusader, and latethe iron path of boasted empire, the"Bagdad-bahn."According to Xenophon, when Cyrusdescended into this plain, "shut in on allsides by a steep and lofty wall of mouncars)carrying relief stores for the AmericanRed Cross and the American Commissionfor Relief in the Near East, therewere seven of these small trucks, with acoach attached for a general who was inspectingthe signal service. The wornoutengine, fed by wood (and I took myturn in feeding it), could carry no morethan these eight small cars; and there is"The Cilician Gates"—closed by a landslide. (Wagon coming from Harsus being let downby hand to lower level.)tains [now snow-covered] from sea tosea," it produced "sesame plentifully andalso panic and millet and barley andwheat." And it still has, if I may inferfrom the green patches that I saw alongthe way, that richness of promise. Thisinference is further supported by the reportof a military officer in Adana, thatthere were thousands and thousands ofbushels of wheat in Adana beyond localneeds, for which no means of transportcould be found. On my return trip (mykalabasis) from Adana to Aleppo, whichwas made by a train, temporarily undermy care, of trucks (box-cars and flatsuch a train from Adana to Aleppo onlythree times a week. There is a good roadbedand a track of standard gauge,though I suppose it would not carry asheavy cars and trains as we are accustomedto in America. My conclusion,from observations made during the nineteendays of my anabasis and katabasis,is that the well-intentioned part of theworld cannot help that "old home" partof it more effectually than by sendinginto it locomotives and cars for transport—once the peasants can safely ventureinto the fields again to sow and reap.And up in a valley of the Taurus Moun-

Turkish peasant with his boy and girl, beginning to plough and sow in a valley of theTaurus Mountains, a few yards from the Bagdad Road.tains, but a day's journey from Adana,and at the upper entrance to the famous"Cilician Gates" temporarily closed by agreat landslide, I saw the peasants comingout into their fields again, down alongthe river, near the railroad track, fromtheir huts on the mountainside. Delayedfor some hours by a wreck ahead of us, Iwandered out into one of these fields,where I saw in the distance three figures.As I came near I found a father and twochildren; the boy with a plough of a typeseveral thousand years old; the girl assistingthe father in filling the sack fromwhich he was sowing millet. This bucolicscene, beautiful beyond any description,the snow-white peaks looking down uponthe now peaceful valley in which were thewrecks of many abandoned or capturedGerman cars (I counted a hundred inthat very valley) needs only what Turkeydid not give, perhaps could not give,to make it one of human happiness andcontentment, as well as of physical beauty.It needs only security of life andfreedom from rapine and pillage to makeit a paradise. Golden eagles were flyingin its skies above the black doubleheadedeagles on the deserted cars.Even after the way was clear of the74wreck, there was not sufficient "personnel" to run the train, and there wasfurther delay which permitted thesemeditations which I find in my diary,written as I sat on a hilltop with thegolden eagles flying over my head, thepeaceful valley at my feet, the snowcoveredpeaks shutting us all away fromthe rest of the earth:"Here are men and women on the sameearth with me—men and women and especiallychildren, who, born and rearedin this rich and historic valley, have notthe slightest opportunity to see and enjoythe things which we count most beautifuland precious in life, who are nearerto the animals in their daily living thanthey are to human beings of the highestorder. Should not the world whichtraces its faith and its democratic idealsthrough these very valleys, organize itsforces of mercy and education to establishhere a world order for the good, especiallyof the children ? The Red Crosshas been an experiment in that universalsharing of the best things. It had its opportunitythrough the extreme misery ofmany. Let the Red Cross spirit persuadea world order in which there shallbe:

"1. Centres in all the backward lands,where the fundamental elements of acivilized life shall be taught: self-government,science, art and particularly thethings of social value (such centres as thecolleges at Constantinople, Beirut, Tarsus,Aintab, et al., and the groups of missionariesand doctors, as at Adana, Mersina,and scores of other places)."2. A world order language to beeveryman's second language — call itever'yman's language—language of the worldleague."3. World order menand women, administrators,demonstrators, doctors,in every centre, withoutnationality."I do not know whatnation is to have the politicalmandatory for thatland and those lands beyond,back to the Gardenof Eden. I hope Americawill not have to take anypolitical mandatory, butthat she will continue andextend her moral mandatorythere where she hasalready sent her first messengersof the democracyof mercy and humanbrotherhood."In the region beyondthe Taurus Mountains theHellenes, the Apostles, andthe Crusaders passed toand fro, penetrating one another as theimages of thoughts in the philosophy ofLucretius. Here, too, passed the dwellersin Cappadocia and Asia and Phrygia andPamphylia, on their way to the Pentecostalmeeting in Jerusalem, where thecloven tongues descended. And just overthe hills, to the south and west, one couldeasily imagine the Apocalyptical angelsstill hovering over the sites of thechurches of Laodicaea the "hike-warm"and Philadelphia of the "open door"and Sardis of the "few in white raiment."In the long interstices of travel, when the andengine was getting up steam to go on, onecould hear the mediaeval Pilgrims-of-the-Day singing as they reached these kindlyvalleys after the rugged table-lands:"Fair are the meadows, fairer still theThe Berlin to Bagdad Line 75woodlands"; and the Pilgrims-of-lhe-Night carrying on the melody, " Fair isthe sunshine, fairer still the moonlight,and all the twinkling, starry host"; orcould hear the sound of the rush of Cyrus'sGreek warriors (with helmets ofbrass instead of steel) in review beforethe Cilician queen who fled in fear. Butabove all others (save the miserable refugeesin the flesh before one's eyes) onewas conscious of the presence of St. Paul,The same peasant and his daughter, as shown on opposite page.who "in weariness and painfulness, inhunger and thirst, in fastings often, incold and nakedness," moved where hadlived those who invited his immortalEpistle to the Galatians.I saw one of his spiritual descendantsamong the living who had been drivenfrom Galatian homes because of the faithof St. Paul to which they clung. I foundthis frail but indomitable pastor of Iconiumreturning to his flock, which he wasgathering again from their wanderings,crowded with two score of men-5 women,children in a box-car, making nocomplaint of discomfort but concernedonly that he should reach his city in timefor his Sunday service. (And he arrivedat midnight.)Before another day's and another

Looking across the Euphrates.night's intermittent travel, covering lessthan two hundred miles, I lost the companionshipof St. Paul (who went straighton to Troas, and then, following the callof the Macedonian, into Greece) and thevoices of Cyrus's men clamoring for theirpay. Save that once I crossed the pathof the army of Alexander the Great, onlythe Crusaders were left of the old-time travellerson this world highway upon whosecontrol the fate of the Near East depends.I had in the autumn of 1918 the goodfortune to be where I could see somethingof the last struggle between the Turk andthe Allies of Europe and Asia in the recoveryof the Holy Land. Here in thepredawn darkness of a March morningof 1919 I came into the city Dorylseumor Eskishehir, where the Crusaders andthe Turks had their first pitched battlein 1097—where "two knights of wonderfulappearance and clad in shining armor"were seen to "come forth from themountains on white horses" and dealdeadly blows upon the enemy; so that"victory was snatched out of the veryjaws of defeat."Eskishehir had, however, no suggestionof such a romantic and picturesque pastas we made our way through a labyrinthof freight-cars in the midst of which Iwas later flung from my own car againsta stand-pipe and came near joining theCrusaders who had perished there nearlya thousand years ago.76As it was, I es-caped with bruises and was given for myfurther journey an abandoned GermanRed Cross "Lazarette" car that had nothad a passenger since the armistice.But with the dawn a sudden storm ofsnow came upon the place to transfigureit, came as the knights came forth ontheir white horses from the mountains.And with that memory I made my waytoward the straits through which Jasonhad passed in search of the Golden Fleece.And with no such perilous adventurebeyond, as Jason's, I found it; for in oldByzantium, that is Constantinople, Imet Dr. Barton, chairman of the AmericanCommission for Relief in the NearEast, who had brought from Americathat which was as the Golden Fleece, toclothe and feed and heal the exiled, inwhose interests, and on behalf of theAmerican Red Cross, I had made thislone expedition. With him and his relieftrain I traversed eastward the same path(which is another story) and reachedAleppo again after nineteen days andnights of as continuous travel as thatpart of the world permits.The Bagdad-bahn ! Let it have a newname and a new equipment! "The Eastand West Road," for here ever "thetwain shall meet." Or "The HomelandRoad," for over it the nations of Christendomshall carry back to Asia, their oldhome, what they have traced from itstents and its altars!

THE MAKING OF WILLIAM SIMMSBy Dana BurnetILLUSTRATIONS BY C. D.WILLIAMSHIS mother said fondly thathe saw everything throughcolored glasses, and professedto find the marks ofthem upon his nose. Thiswas a fiction dating fromWilliam's early youth, when, to his ownintense satisfaction, he had discoveredgoblins in the clothes-press. At the age oftwenty-seven he discovered a princess ina tower, and was moved to amazing adventures.William should have been a poet, apainter, a singer, a strolling minstrel, or atramp. He was a clerk in the bankinghouseof John Parr & Co., Wall Street,New York.His fellow clerks thought Williamslightly queer; they did not see the marksof the glasses on his nose. His immediatesuperiors found him scrupulously industrious,and agreed among themselves thathe would go far, if he ever received theimpulse to go at all. What Williamlacked, they said, was ambition.His mother frequently alluded to thissame weakness in his character." You're bright enough," she would say,"but you don't seem to get along veryfast. I suppose it's because you're somoony. Haven't you anv ambition,Will?""Plenty of it, mommie. My ambitionis to ride to the end of every street-carline, and climb to the top of every skyscraperin New York ""There!" mommie would exclaim, inmild exasperation; "you've been wearingyour colored glasses again."And William, catching her about thewaist, would reply:"Buy you a pair, mommie. They'regood for the eyes !"Mother Simms invariably refused thisoffer. She had not time to be fitted, shesaid, what with cooking William's supperand darning William's socks. It was herwont to add gently that such occupationscomposed her happiness.William said that happiness was expectingthe impossible.The Simms apartment consisted of fourrooms and bath. It was located upon thefifth floor of a converted dwelling-house inWest Ninth Street. There was no elevator;but as William often remarked withunjustifiable levity, there was an elevated.The tracks of the Sixth Avenue super-77

78 The Making of William Simmsstructure lay just beyond the dining-roomwindows. This was bad for the plaster;also, fortunately, for the rental. At firstthe rumble of wheels had interfered withWilliam's sleep, but after some exercise offancy he had managed to convert thesound into the distant murmur of a waterfall."As for the noise," he would say, "Ihave imagination and mommie has a deafear. So we do very nicely."On Saturday nights he escorted hismother to one of the small Italian restaurantsthat infested the neighborhood;preferably the kind that lurked behindiron gratings and required some manner ofidentifying signal to penetrate. Mommiewas not overfond of these dinings out.She would have preferred steak and onionsat home; but William said it took himtravelling." I can get a trip to Europe out of this !"said William, sniffing the romantic atmosphereof cigarette-smoke and garlic. Somommie smiled bravely, and surreptitiouslyswallowed digestive tablets tocounteract the cooking. For all that shedid not entirely understand him, mommie'sworld was exclusively William.At the conclusion of these gastronomicaldissipations, William would sallyforth upon further adventures. His particulardelight was to rove the Avenueupon the upper deck of an omnibus.He called it "taking passage." In hisqueer, half-joking, half-serious way heconverted the whole affair into the likenessof a sea voyage. "Come on," hewould say, grasping mommie's arm."We'll go cruising the Gold Coast!"Mommie went dutifully enough until thewinds of William's ocean began to accentuateher rheumatism. After that shebegged off, and while William cruised theGold Coast, mommie sat playing twohandedwhist with a neighborly widowfrom the floor below.It was a night in October when William'sromance began—a night madewonderful by the fact that to-morrowwould be Sunday, and that he need notconcern himself with intrusive realitiesfor thirty-six long and golden hours. Ashe mounted the steps of his swaying galleon,William thrilled with the sheer wonderof his youth and freedom. The workof the office lay hidden beyond the horizon.He was at liberty to pursue thegreater work of living, of moulding life toa perfection of enjoyment. He settleddown into a front seat, turned up hiscoat-collar, stuffed his hands into hispockets, and regarded the world throughthose fictitious glasses which were foreverupon his nose. The fact that the chill airhad driven his fellow passengers belowdecks served largely to increase his satisfaction.The 'bus lumbered hugely along thesmooth pavement, through the recurringglamour of the street-lamps, whose beamsfell upon the glistening asphalt like moonlightupon water. Under the blunt bowsof William's craft, occasional pedestriansdived and darted to safety."Porpoises!" said William.The tall spire of the cathedral loomedup to starboard. A great hotel, shininglike a house of stars, passed to port. Beyondit lay the park, like an island in thesea, its naked branches etched against thesky. But William turned his eyes to theCoast of Gold, to the castles of the inconceivablyrich, and in particular to onecastle that marked the architectural climaxof the whole.This was an enormous house of whitestone that occupied, at what cost onlyProvidence and the Sunday newspapersknew, an entire block in that pricelessdominion. It combined the aspects of amediaeval ruin with the rambling proclivitiesof a Florida hotel. Its two wings,surmounted by square towers, were thrustforward to meet the sidewalk line. Fromtower to tower stretched a Roman arch,beneath which a concrete driveway wanderedinto the dramatic vista of a formalgarden. Massive gates of iron guardedthe entrance. As a spectacle the greathouse was tremendous, overwhelming.It was the residence of John Parr, thebanker.To William Simms, banker's clerk, thehuge edifice seemed a veritable palace ofillusion. Unconsciously it had come tostand in the background of his mind, asthose painted castles stand upon thestage, casting their charm over the playerswho adventure in their shadow. Williamasked no more of it than to provide asetting for his dreams. He never passed

The Making of William Simms 79it but he glanced hopefully at its rosywindows, thinking to see the face of theprincess gazing down.To-night he looked as usual. The 'bushad stopped at the corner, directly beneatha street-lamp, and William had asense of peering up through dazzling mistsof light. Suddenly he rubbed his eyesand stared again. Fortunately, his fellowpassengers still remained below decks, elseupon its prosaic course, and the picturefaded abruptly from view.That night, for the first time, WilliamSimms failed in his effort to translate therumble of the elevated into the distantmurmur of a waterfall. He lay wideeyed,beholding a face in the shadow, andtrying to reconcile it with a vague smellof boiled onions that permeated theapartment."I—I have made a little money recently, and I would like to ask your advice as to theinvestment of it."—Page 83.his actions might have caused some suspicion,not to say alarm. He gripped the'bus rail and leaned far out across it, seekingto pierce the radiant mists that envelopedhim.At an illumined window in the squaretower a young woman's face appeared,wistful and alluring. William's handjerked upward in an involuntary gesture.The young woman's eyes seemed to turnin his direction; seemed almost to meethis gaze. For a moment he sat spellbound.Then the 'bus lurched heavily forwardEvery evening now, at a certain hour,William went cruising the Gold Coast,much to mommies secret relief. But itwas not until the next Saturday night thathe saw his princess again. She stood atthe window as before, looking down, andWilliam's heart leaped at the sight of her.The third Saturday he thought that sherecognized him. There was a certain consciousnessin her pose. The fourth Saturday,stirred by a desperate adventurousspirit, he deliberately removed his hat.That left him tingling for a week. Thefifth Saturday the princess smiled !

'Every Saturday night I waited for you to go by. I even thought you might find a way—"—Page 85.William locked that smile into the secretchamber of his soul, and began tostudy the banking business from theground up."I do believe William is growing ambitious,"said mommie to the friendlywidow. "I hope so," she added, longingly." It would be the making of him."The making of William proceededapace. In a few months' time he worked80his way from the anonymous clerical herdto a position upon the outskirts of JohnParr's private office. Occasionally he wassummoned into the shrine itself, andspoke indelible words to the deity thereof,so that his purpose flamed within him.Nor was the subconscious mind of JohnParr wholly oblivious to the quiet, efficientyoung clerk who daily brought himletters to sign. The subconscious mind

The Making of William Simms 81of a banker may be unsuspectingly human.The summer of 1915 was a most remarkablesummer. The great war badbeen in progress for a year, and in thattime the world had adjusted itself to thegigantic business of murder. By a merewhim of geography, America found herselfin a position to profit materially bythe catastrophe. From a state of financialdemoralization, the stock-market rosespasmodically to the heights of the million-shareday. All through the countrymanufacturers were consecrating their establishmentsovernight to the service ofMars. There was much talk about prosperity,and the logical expansion of trade;but below and beneath it all was-that desperatelybuilt scaffolding of war. Soonthe infection spread to stocks of all sortsand conditions. Wall Street plunged intoan orgy of legitimatized gambling, andthere was a great shearing of lambs, andsome fattening of the flock.William Simms was one of those whofattened.He began in a small way, with fear andtrembling, putting such money as mommiehad saved from his meagre salary intostocks that he thought would appreciate.In his innocence he bought outright, andso was saved from disaster when thestocks slumped, as they did. But the epidemicof prosperity raged on, and thegolden bubble grew in proportions. William'sstocks were dragged upward withthe rising market, and William experiencedthe peculiar intoxication of richeswon by chance. Before the 1st of Septemberhe had made ten thousand dollars !The changes wrought within his bankbookwere no more startling than thechanges wrought within his soul. Nolonger had mommie cause to complainabout the colored glasses. He hadbrushed the dreams from his eyes, andhad set out to win a princess by theonly method that seemed practicable, themethod that his world invariably employedto gain the objects of its heart'sdesire.William Simms was an American, and amodern. He was therefore heir to thetradition that money is the key to happiness.This tradition he had rejected withthe somewhat unthinking but splendid de-VOL. LXVL—6fiance of the young man who holds happinessto be a matter of adventure and notof purchase. He had been quite confidentof his ability to succeed without success,to live without giving hostages tofortune. But now, suddenly, there hadarisen upon the horizons of his universe adefinite goal to which he would attain.Had he remained true to his first youthfuldefiance, he would have ridden straightagainst those towers of stone, and possiblywould have made himself ridiculous in theprocess. But there is not one man in tenthousand who can resist the mouldingpower of his age. For the most part, weare the creatures of our centuries, caughtand shaped from our environments asthose strange figures of the desert areshaped by the blowing wind.Yet the acquisition of his new-foundwealth did not blind William to his originalpurpose regarding it. Every Saturdaynight, through all weathers, he tookpassage upon his 'bus. Nor did the princessfail him in a single instance, thoughthe heat lay heavy upon the land, and thethermometer rose to plebeian altitudes.Her presence at the window grew morestrange, more inexplicable as time wenton. William knew of his own knowledgethat John Parr's domestic establishmenthad been transferred to the banker'scountry estate in Long Island. Eachweek he expected to find the princessflown, but, though the rest of the hugehouse slept in darkness, there was alwaysa light at that one window. Graduallythe realization was forced upon WilliamSimms that she waited there for him ! Heclasped his thought to his heart, and wasfilled with a new exaltation. The merelifting of his hat as he passed her towerbecame a religious rite, and her answeringsmile a sacred reward. He had his hoursof madness, usually in the dead of night,when he planned impossible sallies againsther stronghold; but with morning wouldcome the sanity that mocks at dreams, thegoverning sobriety that leads a man todon the garments of his kind, knot hiscravat in imitation of his fellows, and forgetromance for the morning paper. Hewho pauses to shave his beard will not goadventuring that day.Curiously enough, it was William's innocenceof finance, rather than any genius

82 The Making of William Simmsfor it, that was responsible for his ultimateachievement. One September morning heentered the banker's office upon a routineerrand. He had been there but a momentwhen Mr. Parr was called to the telephone.Instead of dismissing the clerk,the great man directed the operator totransfer the call to his private wire, and,rising, went into the adjoining chamber—a small, sound-proof vault profanelyknown as the holy of holies. As he got upfrom his chair, the tail of his coat swept aletter from the desk.William stooped to recover it. Mr.Parr's back was turned; hence he did notobserve the action of his clerk. Nor, indeed,was there anything unusual in thataction. William replaced the letter as hewould have replaced any other, but in sodoing his eye fell upon certain brief sentenceswhich impressed themselves quiteautomatically upon his brain. In proofof William's innocence it must be saidthat these sentences held no particularsignificance for him at the time.But that night, as he sat reading hisevening paper, William came upon a paragraphwhich shed considerable light uponthe letter. The paragraph was as follows:"Wall Street is greatly interested in rumorsof a big steel merger which is saidto involve several of the largest plants inthe country. The Amalgamated peopleare reported to be backing the deal, butno confirmation of the rumor could be obtainedthis afternoon. John Parr, of Parr& Co., who in case of a merger wouldprobably be called upon to float thebonds, refused to discuss the story. Therumor reached the Stock Exchange toolate to affect prices- "William put down his paper and,leaving mommie to the conversationalclutches of the widow from below stairs,retired to his own room to think. He satdown upon the edge of the bed, took hishead in his hands, and strove to visualizethe sentences he had seen that afternoon.Slowly and in precious fragments theycame back to him:Plans—completed. The merger—an accomplishedfact. Need not impress uponyou the necessity for absolute secrecy—presenttime. Deny all rumors.Even then William did not realizethe full value of this chance information.As has been said, he had no genius forfinance. His mind worked laboriously, almostpainfully in matters of that nature.But though his thoughts in the presentcrisis were not brilliant, they were logical.After an hour of concentrated effort,William arrived at the simple conclusionthat if Amalgamated Steel were to absorbits competitors in order to control trade,the stock of the Amalgamated companywould be greatly enhanced in value. Hedecided to buy steel—on a margin.The events of the next two weeks area matter of financial history. The greatsteel merger was announced on a Tuesday.Amalgamated was then selling aroundninety-eight. Before closing time on Saturdayit had gone to two hundred andfifty. The following week it touched sixhundred dollars a share, and WilliamSimms directed his broker to sell.In twelve days he had made approximatelyhalf a million dollars.Mommie was in the kitchen preparinga frugal supper of steak and onions whenWilliam burst in upon her with the news.He had run all the distance from the subwayand up five flights of stairs, so thathis breath was only sufficient for the mainfact of the matter."We're rich, mommie! We're rich!""Oh, Will, what has happened?""The market," gasped William. "Sixhundred a share—may go higher—but Isold. Couldn't stand the strain. Steel,you know, mommie. Steel!"" Steal!" faltered mommie. " Oh, Will,how could you ""No, no, mommie ! You don't understand.It's all—honest enough. Gad!If I could only—get my breath—to tellyou ""Take a glass of water, Will. And dotry to collect yourself. You've frightenedme out of a year's growth.""Never mind, mommie. You'll getit back again. Seashore—Hot Springs—Florida—anything you like. We're rich,I tell you."Some moments later, his breath restored,William told mommie in detail ofhis astounding success. Mommie listenedin a daze, her gentle eyes fixed adoringlyupon William's animated countenance." What are you going to do with it all ? "she asked finally, in a tone of awe.

The Making of William Simms83"I don't know. Invest it, I suppose." banker, "and I'll talk to you. In the"Why don't you go to Mr. Parr, William,meantime, young man, don't buy anyand ask his advice? I'm sure he'd more stocks. Above all, don't buy anybe pleased.""Yes," said William, with a droll wink."He'd probably take me into partnership.Why—what's the matter, mommie?"more newspapers.""No, sir," said William."Logical!" muttered the banker, as thedoor closed behind William's youthful" The steak !" cried mommie. " It'll be form. " God bless my soul!"burned to a crisp."William waved his hand."We can afford it," said he.It must not be supposed that Williamwas made junior partner of the firm thatThe next morning, despite the fact that afternoon. The most that he received, inhe had scoffed at mommie's suggestion, fact, was a caustic lecture upon the follyWilliam actually did present his case to of buying stocks that seemed logical. ButMr. Parr. He had gone into the banker's the lecture occupied one hour of Johnoffice with a sheaf of letters requiring the Parr's time, which in itself was highlylatter's signature. When this small businesssignificant. William went home in awas concluded, William said: mood almost hilarious. Not only had the"I would like to speak to you for a banker promised to assist him with hismoment, sir, if you will permit me." investments, but also to keep an eye upon"Well?" snapped the banker.him in the future. Vaguely he felt that"I—I have made a little money recently,and I would like to ask your adviceas to the investment of it."he was drawing nearer to his goal."You have made a lot of money, by alucky fluke," the great man had said.The great man glanced up impatiently. "You can do one of two things. In theHis gray eyes, peering out beneath their first place, you can stop working and liveshaggy white brows, held a choleric gleam. on your income. Or you can stay here, atBut something in William's ingenuous forty dollars a week, and learn the bankingsmile aroused his curiosity.business. There is room in this office"How much have you made?""About half a million dollars," saidWilliam."The devil you have!"for a young man with brains.""Thank you, sir," said William. "I'llstay."Three months later he received an invitation"Yes, sir."to dine at the Parr residence. It" Young man ! Have you been playingthe market?""Yes, sir.""What did you buy?"was an informal invitation, extemporaneouslydelivered; but it marked an epochin William's life."Young man," said the banker, "I"Steel," said William.have taken a fancy to you. I'm getting"Steel!"old. I want some one to bear a part of"Yes, sir.""What made you do that?"my burden, some one whom I can trust.I'm not sure that you're the man, but if"I saw an article in a newspaper that you are I want to know it. Suppose yousaid there was to be a merger " come to dinner to-morrow night, and we'll"That was only a rumor !"get acquainted.""Yes, sir. But it seemed logical." , It required the whole of William's mental"Logical!""Yes, sir."powers to stammer an acceptance." Good God!" said the banker. "Logical!"A man in livery opened the door of thecastle to William. Another man took hisHe studied William for a moment in hat, coat, and stick. Still another escortedsilence, his small eyes as bright as flame.Then he said abruptly:him, in dignified silence, to a greatroom that stretched indefinitely into dull" Your name is Simms, isn't it ? " golden shadows. It was like walking in"Yes, sir.""Come back in half an hour," said thethe house of a dream.William seated himself upon a royal-

84 The Making of William Simmslooking chair, and sought in vain to quietthe throbbing of his pulses. He hadscarcely dared hope that he would meetthe princess; but now that he was actuallywithin her palace walls, their meetingseemed almost inevitable. What wouldshe say when she saw him in her father'shouse? Would she recognize him as theintrepid voyager of the four-wheeled galleon?Would she start and turn pale,thereby forcing him to embarrassing explanations?William recalled, with asinking heart, that the princesses of fictioninvariably started and turned pale.He was still weighing the possibilities ofthe situation when Mr. Parr entered theroom. The banker greeted him with adegree of cordiality that served partiallyto restore William's confidence in himselfand his destiny. The next moment thisconfidence was completely destroyed."My daughter, Mr. Simms."William turned to see a young womanadvancing from the doorway. She wasdressed in a dark evening-gown that mademarvel of her loveliness. Her throat andarms were white as ivory. In her hairwere lights of gold.It was the princess.When she saw William she stoppedshort. One hand went to her breast.Her eyes studied his face with an incredulouswonder, a surpassing unbelief. Andit was William who turned pale.Then the princess smiled, and becameonce more her regal self, calm, poised,and a little cold. So perfect had been thetransition that William half doubted hehad seen recognition in her glance.A servant entered and announced insacred formula that dinner was served.What food passed his lips that nightWilliam never knew. Once or twice, recallingmommie's fond injunction to "rememberwhat they have," he sought toconcentrate upon the substance of thefeast; but the dishes came and went withbewildering frequency, and his mind wasentirely occupied with the vision of aprincess.It ended at last, as the material thingsof this world are wont to do. Then ensuedan ordeal of coffee and cigars, duringwhich William and his host sat alone in aroom obviously dedicated to the banker'sdomestic solitudes. For upward of anhour Mr. Parr talked of stocks, investments,business conditions, Federal reserve,and the prospects of the comingpresidential campaign. William listenedattentively, and by so doing created themost favorable impression possible. Mr.Parr concluded that William was a youngman of discretion and discernment, whodid not presume to question the wisdomof his elders." I am glad to find you a conservative,"said the banker. " So many young menare carried away by the wild notions ofthe day. You agree with me, do you not,that a high tariff is essential to the protectionof our trade after the war?""Perfectly, sir," said William, whosemind at the moment was directed to thethought that dark evening-gowns wereessential to young women with white arms.Finally the banker rose and led the wayto the music-room. There the princessjoined them, and William's hopes, whichhad been at ebb-tide for the past hour,mounted again. Mr. Parr settled himselfin an armchair at one end of the vastchamber and the princess took her placeat the grand piano. William stood nearby, ostensibly to turn the leaves of themusic. The fact that there were noleaves to turn did not deter him. Theremight well have been leaves." Father is very fond of music," saidMiss Parr, glancing up at William with afaint smile. "It invariably puts him tosleep."William thought this a most charmingcharacteristic; but the banker vigorouslydenied the accusation." Nonsense, my dear! You know I listento every note."Miss Parr, still faintly smiling, playedthe opening measures of a Chopin nocturne.Soon the banker's head droopedforward upon his breast, his eyes closed,and his enjoyment of music began. Theprincess played on, softly and moresoftly, until the gentle air was lost in afriendly silence. Then she turned andlooked at William Simms."We can talk now," said the princesssimply.The great moment of William's life hadcome. All the months of scheming, allthe desperate risk of his financial ventureshad culminated in this crowning instant.

He had won his way to the castle, andwas now face to face with his princess."I am glad that we have met," said thegirl, without embarrassment, "thoughnaturally it seems very strange to me. Ido not quite understand—how it happened.""It happened," said William, "becauseI wanted it to happen—and because thefates were kind. When I saw you thatfirst night I was not a creature of yourworld. I was exactly what I seemed. Ibelonged to the people who ride upon omnibuses,and who pay their fares with tencentpieces. It is not an easy matter,"he continued earnestly, " to bridge the gapbetween that world and—this. I waslucky—far more lucky than clever—andyour father helped me ""Why did you want to bridge thegap ? " she asked quickly. " Weren't youhappy in that other world of yours?""Quite happy," said William, "until Ilooked up at your window. After that Ibegan to dream of a princess in a castle"" And you thought that the only way toreach her was to make a great deal ofmoney ? "William nodded."This is the twentieth century," hesaid. " What other way exists ? ""I don't know," she answered softly.For a brief moment she regarded him insilence. Then she said: "I only knowthat I, too, have bridged the gap betweenthe worlds.""You!"" Does it seem so strange that a womanshould grow tired of being a princess?This is the twentieth century, as you havesaid; the century of opportunity' andfreedom—even for princesses. I washappy in my world for a while, but I grewtired. It did not seem real to me, it didnot seem human. I felt that I was missingthe most precious things of life. Iwanted to brush elbows with the crowd,to belong to the great outside world, towork with others and for others. Thenyou rode by on your 'bus. You looked upat my window. I could almost hear yousay:'Poor prisoner ! Come down and beone of us!' Every Saturday night Iwaited for you to go by. I even thoughtyou might find a way "The Making of William Simms 85She paused, and the color heightened inher cheek; but she went on quietly:"Of course I did not know what washappening in your mind. If I hadguessed that you were planning to cornerthe stock-market, I would have been disillusionedforever ! But I did not guess.I thought of you as a knight errant, andmade up romances about your weeklyadventures "She smiled slowly, a smile that struckWilliam to the heart."I would not tell you this," she said,"if it could make any possible difference.You know that I stayed in town thissummer ? ""Yes," said William breathlessly."I stayed," said the princess, "to takea position in an East Side settlement. Itis in one of the most interesting partsof the slums. Dr. Blaine, who is incharge of the work, has offered me aresidence instructorship—and I have accepted."William stared at her in utter amazement.The whole towering edifice of hisdreams had come crashing down about hisears, and, stunned as he was, he strovedesperately to deny the ruin:"But you can't live in such a place!"he cried roughly. "You ! Buried in theslums ! It's impossible ! It's absurd !Why, your father is one of the wealthiestmen in America! Your place is as fixedas the stars! You'll grow tired of dirtand filth and disease. I know what it isto live in an atmosphere of poverty. Itwill drag you down, soil your hands.You'll find there's a rough side to charity,a horrible, unclean side that will sickenyou, make you long for the world that isyours by right. You are moved now,perhaps, by a deceptive altruism ""It isn't altogether altruism," said theprincess slowly. " You see—I am goingto marry Dr. Blaine."The following spring William Simmsmarried the daughter of a gentleman whohad made a fortune in safety-razors.Shortly thereafter he was made juniorpartner of John Parr & Co.Any fine Sunday now he may be seenby the socially curious rolling to St.Thomas's in his limousine, a high silk hatupon his head, his neatly gloved hands

86 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneyresting precisely upon the top of his stick.On his right sits a small, rather prettywoman, whose distinguishing feature is anabsolute perfection of attire. That isWilliam's wife.On his left sits a little old lady, withgray hair confined beneath a bonnet ofunalterable style. Her face is calm anddivinely contented. Her eyes are fixedupon William with the pride that passethall understanding.That is mommie.A THEATRICAL BOARDING-HOUSEINSYDNEYBy Isobel Field[NOTE.—Mrs. Salisbury Field, who was Mrs. Strong at the time described in thesememoirs, is the daughter of the late Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson. She is referredto frequently in the Vailima Letters as " Belle," and by her native name of " Teuila."She acted as amanuensis to R. L. S. during the last years of his life in Samoa, writingall of his voluminous correspondence, besides the two novels "St. Ives" and "Hermiston."]EVERY member of my familywas leaving on theschooner Equator for theSouth Seas, to be gone indefinitely.If I went withthem, it would mean leavingmy little boy at a boarding-school inHonolulu. He was too young to take ona long, hazardous voyage in such a tinycraft. I knew if I left without him itwould spoil any pleasure the trip couldgive me; yet to have stayed on in Honolulu,much as I loved the place, wouldhave meant all the dreariness of being"left behind." Suddenly Mr. Stevensonhit upon the grand idea that I should goby steamer to Sydney, and wait there forthe arrival of the Equator. It would giveme a new interest, I would see strangelands and people, and could take Austinwith me.I had never travelled on my own responsibilitybefore. So far I had been"personally conducted" through life.The idea of starting off for the antipodes(I liked the sound of the word) had allthe novelty and excitement of a daringadventure. Mr. Stevenson made all thearrangements for me. A sum of moneywas to be sent to a certain bank in Sydney,from which I was to draw a statedsum monthly. The address of a boardinghousewhere I was to stay was writtendown, as well as the name of the hotelwhere I should go immediately on landing.My ticket was bought, stateroomengaged, and a fat little purse handed mefor expenses on the way, and each memberof the family gave me advice. I wascautioned against undesirable strangerswho made overtures of friendship, and itwas suggested that I choose among thepassengers a quiet married couple andput myself under their protection.Now that such agreeable plans werearranged for me, it was easier to watchthe preparations for the departure of theEquator. Even a real hurdy-gurdy (thetalking-machines were not in popular usethen) which we tried out in the eveningsand a magic lantern with religious slideslent by a missionary did not stir my heartto envy. I helped my mother stringbeads and make wreaths of artificialflowers, for presents to give to the islanderson their travels, without a pang.While the family talked of native villages,atolls, lagoons, and the Line Islands, mythoughts were busy with parrots, cherriesthat grow with stones outside, kangaroos,and boomerangs.The schooner Equator looked a tinycockle-shell as she sailed out of the harboramong all the huge steamers and men-of-

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney 87war. I watched it sink beneath the horizonwith an anxious heart. It wasn't asthough my family were going to someplace where there was a post-office ortelegraph-station. I was to depend onpassing ships for news of them. As amatter of fact, they were gone sevenmonths and the letters they gave to variousships for me did not reach Sydneytill after the family arrived there.Austin and I left on the Mariposa aweek later on a lovely tropical night.Many friends came to see us off, bringingleis in the island fashion, so that we werealmost hidden in masses of ferns and fragrantflowers as we leaned on the rail ofthe steamer-deck taking our last look atHonolulu. The town, embowered ingreen, lay in a flood of moonlight againsta background of purple mountains toppedby puffs of white clouds. From DiamondHead, that lies like a warrior under ashroud, to the shimmering mauve of distantWaianae the city never looked morebeautiful.The band does not play for the throughsteamers, so I thought regretfully that Iwas to ieave without hearing the Hawaiianfarewell song, "Aloha Oe," but Iwas mistaken. The ship was delayed forsome reason. It grew late; all the shorepeople had left and the wharf was desertedwhen two carriages drove in andstopped at the gang-plank. It was KingKalakaua come to bid us good-by. Hebrought his own band of singers, explainingthat he could not let me leave hisland without a proper farewell.We talked long that night, for I hadlived several years in Hawaii, and theKing had shown me many kindnesses. Ihad been able to bring him a message ata time of political trouble, for which hehad given me the Royal Order of Oceania.He spoke of that, and of my services indesigning the Hawaiian coat of arms andthe star of the Order, and said he lookedupon me as a Hawaiian, and if ever Ineeded help or advice while in Australiato call upon his charge d'affaires to theCourt of Hawaii, who was to be found inthe city of Sydney. With hearty goodwishes for a pleasant voyage he took hisleave. When the great ship slipped awayfrom the dock it was to the music of"Aloha Oe," the little group of garlandedHawaiians singing on till the islands fadedinto the shimmer of the moonlight, andonly the ghost of a melody whisperedacross the water.I found my quiet couple the first dayout. She was a little fair woman withmasses of yellow hair and an hour-glassfigure; he was a drab sort of man, veryquiet and devoted to his wife. I don'tremember their name, but we will callthem " Watson." They had my steamerchairplaced alongside of theirs, and wethree grew to be very friendly.We would sit out in the evenings on theupper deck, looking at the moonlight onthe sea, saying little, for they were a quietcouple; but sometimes Mr. Watsonwould prevail upon his wife to sing, beggingfor his favorite, a particularly drearyballad called "Rosalie, the PrairieFlower," which brought tears to his eyes.I noticed that he was very attentive tohis wife, liking to hold her hand, to touchher hair tenderly, and give her little affectionatepats. To my surprise sheseemed strangely unresponsive. She drewaway from him as far as possible, givinghim only the tips of her fingers to hold,and would dodge aside if he bent over her.Truth to tell, they were a dull couple, butI felt that I was following advice anddoing my duty, so I stuck by them.Fortunately, I am a good sailor, butpoor Austin was a limp rag. I hadbrought a little wicker chair on boardand carried him in it out on the deck inthe morning. One evening as I started tocarry him back to the cabin a young manstepped forward and took him out of myarms."He is too heavy for you," he said.Of course I thanked him and explainedthat Austin was not a very good sailor,but that I was sure he would be all rightin a few days.The young man appeared bright andearly the next morning to ask after " thelittle lad," and carried him out on deckfor me. Then, as Austin grew better, hebrought a checker-board and played withhim."Surely," I thought to myself, "he'sall right. He isn't making up to me."When Austin was able to run about, theman took him into his cabin and taughthim exercises. He made him walk so

88 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneymany times around the ship before breakfast,ran races with him, and at Auckland,where we stopped for several hours, hetook the little boy ashore and bought hima small pair of boxing-gloves.Just before we reached New Zealandsome one asked me to tell fortunes. Ihave a pack of cards that I invented andpainted myself, and I carry them withme wherever I go—they never fail toamuse somebody. I told all sorts andkinds of fortunes, and finally Mr. Watsoncame for his turn. Among a number ofthings I remember saying, "You havewomen's tears on your conscience," andadded, "You are a gay Lothario," expectinghim to smile. Instead of that heturned very pale." Are you seasick ? " I asked. He shookhis head and went away.That night Mrs. Watson came to mycabin and told a story that filled me withhorror and dismay. She began, I remember,most dramatically by asking:"Are you the kind of a woman to takea woman's part?"I faltered doubtfully that perhaps I was.Then, sitting on the cabin floor at myfeet, the tears streaming down her face,she confessed that she was not married toMr. Watson. She had left her husbandto elope with him, and he had deserteda wife and five children for her. Sheshowed me a crumpled telegram she hadreceived from her husband in San Franciscotelling her never to return. Sheexcused and blamed herself in a breath,and wound up by declaring that she hadgrown to hate the man she was with.To me it all sounded like a page out ofOuida, and my eyes must have beenas round as saucers. She thought I hadknown the truth about them when I toldMr. Watson's fortune, and said he had'' women's tears on his conscience.'' I wasso aghast that I could only shake my headvehemently when she asked if I had saidit on purpose. When she found that Iwas innocent of any design, she evidentlyregretted her confession, and begged menot to let Mr. Watson suspect that shehad told me anything. She would saythat my cards had hit upon the truth byaccident. She pleaded with me to behaveas usual, so the passengers wouldnotice no change in us. I felt that I wascalled upon to say "Avaunt, woman!" orsomething equally reproving, and wassurprised to find myself sorry for the poorcreature and agreeing to keep my seatwith them for the next two days. Theyleft then at Auckland and I never sawthem again. Though, under the circumstances,I was glad they went, I missedtheir company, for I had'made no otherfriends on board except the nice Mr.James, the young man who was so kindto Austin.He drew up his chair alongside of mine,and I didn't see why I shouldn't be friendlywith him. In travelling across Americahe had been caught in the Johnstownflood, and his thrilling experiences duringthat terrible time made an interestingstory. He had an agreeable tenor voiceand sang old-fashioned Irish ballads," Willie in the Rushes O " and " The CruiskeenLaun," as our ship sped over thewaters under the lovely tropical stars.One evening, when he had ordered" squashes," as they call lemonade in Australia,I happened to notice how he signedthe check. I glanced at it and said innocently: " You write that as though it werenot your real name." He looked startledand asked what I meant. "Well," I explained,"people have a peculiar way ofsigning their own names—some littleflourish or quirk. You write it out asthough it were a pound of flour." I wasto remember that incident later.We reached Sydney on a beautiful,clear, sunny day, steaming in through thelovely harbor on water as smooth as silk.We drew in so close to the public gardensthat border the water-front that I couldhave thrown a ball to the children playingon the esplanade.It was a strange sensation to arriveabsolutely unknown in a foreign land.Every other passenger was eagerly hailingsome one on shore, and all went theirdifferent ways in little groups of excitedfriends. But I was not daunted. It wasin a spirit of high adventure that I ledmy little son by the hand and stepped footupon the "antipodes."We went at once, according to instructions,to the Oxford Inn on George Street,and it was there our fellow passenger, Mr.James, found us when he came to call.He, Austin, and I spent a very pleasant

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney- 89afternoon at the Botanical Gardens, andthat evening he left for Melbourne. Wewent to the train to see him off, shakinghands with real friendliness and hopingthat we would all meet again. We neverdid. He was arrested in Melbourne andput into jail for swindling. He and ayoung man with him, both travellingunder aliases, were well-known Englishcrooks. They had followed a wealthylord across America to Australia andwere caught by bank officials in a confidencetrick. He and the Watsons werethe only friends I made on the Mariposa.One afternoon Austin and I went tolook at the boarding-house that had beenselected for us. It was an expensive, respectable,perfectly awful place. I lookedat the stuffy red-velvet chairs, the heavyhangings, the landlady with a false front,false teeth, and false manners, and fledback to the hotel to put off the evil dayof moving as long as I could.When my money was almost gone Icalled at Towne & Co., the bankers, todraw my allowance, walking in withaplomb, and giving my name and thesum I wished to draw.The clerk looked at me with a blankface and referred me to some one else,who sent me to still some one else, till Ifound myself in a little glass office withthe coldest, hardest man I had ever met.He bad never heard the name of RobertLouis Stevenson; he had no money forme nor any advice to give me."But Mr. Stevenson told me that hehad arranged it all, and that I only hadto come here and draw my money everyweek."The man said he was sorry, but lookedas though he didn't believe a word I said."But what shall I do?" I asked. Hedidn't know and intimated that he didn'tcare."But what if your wife or your sisterfound herself in a strange land withoutany money or friends," I went on desperately;"what would you advise her todo?""See her consul," he snapped, turningto his papers.With my heart beating so that itchoked me, I went to the office of theAmerican consul though I don't rememberhow I found the place.Our representative was a large fat man.I recognized him as a fellow passengeron the Mariposa, who had annoyed me byhis way of speaking of the "Yeu-nitedStates Senate," and what he had said tothe "Yeu-nited States Senate." He wasa type of the old-fashioned politician,with a huge black mustache and a bigcigar. He remained seated, I remember,during our interview. He seemed tothink that I had come to get money outof him, for he repeated several times thathe had no funds at his disposal for destituteAmericans.I must say my story must have soundedvery flimsy, "Every member of my familygone off in a little boat with no addressbut the South Seas," but finally I wakedhim to some trepidation by saying:"This is American soil; we are under theAmerican flag ! If I can't find a place togo I will bring my child and stay here."I left him babbling that he had no accommodationsfor ladies at the consulate.It was still early in the day. Fortunately,I had paid my bill at the hotel,but I had very little left. Barely twopounds, a sum that would not pay forone week at the red-plush boardinghouse.Evidently the first thing to do was tofind cheap lodgings at once. We startedout with a little list I had cut from thenewspaper.I had never known before that humanbeings existed in such awful places. Darkrooms, smelly hallways, slatternly servants,obsequious inquisitive landladies,each more impossible than the other.Fortunately, I had to pretend to bebrave so as not to frighten Austin. Hewas looking very anxious and a boy ofeight understands more than one imagines.I talked cheerfully to keep himfrom suspecting how worried I felt. Itwas growing late as we crossed the Domain—awell-laid-out park full of beautifultrees—mysterious and shadowy inthe gathering darkness. I was tired, discouraged,and more frightened than I hadever been in my life before. It was thenthat the good Lord led me straight toMiss Leaney's theatrical boarding-house.She charged me one pound ten a weekfor the two of us, including board and alarge clean room on the top floor front

90 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneyoverlooking the great shade-trees of theDomain. The window-curtains were ofcheap muslin, and the floor-coveringChinese matting; but they were freshand clean, and if the bed was hard Inever knew it. It seemed to me then themost beautiful room I had ever seen. Nosailor beating in before the gale couldhave appreciated the shelter of a snugharbor any more than I did the safetyand comfort of Miss Leaney's top floorfront.We had been there several days beforeI remembered what King Kalakaua hadsaid to me about having a Hawaiiancharge d'affaires in Sydney. After myexperience with the bank officials and theAmerican consul I was timid about callingon a perfect stranger on whom I hadno claim whatever. It was only sheerdesperation that nerved me to go and seehim. I had paid our first week in advanceat the boarding-house, and it tookmy last shilling to bring our luggage fromthe hotel.Miss Leaney found his name and addressfor me—Abraham Hoffnung, a wellknownbanker and business man. I neverknew how he came to be charge d'affairesto the Court of Hawaii unless he thoughtit looked well on his cards, for there couldnot have been very much business of adiplomatic nature between the two countries.I think now that I must have beenthe sole and only person who ever claimedhis attention in his official capacity.I left Austin at Miss Leaney's andwent alone, for I did not want him to seeme ignominiously thrown out if my errandwas unsuccessful. Mr. Hoffnungwas at the head of several business housesin Sydney, and I cannot remember nowwhether I went to his big department-storeor to his bank. I sent in my card, and hecame out to meet me—a brisk, smilinggentleman, clean-shaven, at a time whenmen disfigured their faces with everyvariety of beard and whisker. He lookedvery dapper and wholesome and polished,and when I said I had come to see himas charge d'affaires for Hawaii, he fairlybeamed, ushered me into his office androlled up a chair. I felt like an adventuress.By this time I hardly believed myown story myself. "My remittanceshaven't come" is the oldest and stalestconfidence yarn in Australia. I gotthrough my explanations somehow andonly remember Mr. Hoffnung's generouskindness. "You were right to come tome. Don't worry at all. Consider meyour banker and draw on me for all youneed."" But I don't know how long my familywill be away. They said I was just towait here till they came."" It doesn't matter if they never comeback," said Mr. Hoffnung cheerfully."I'll take care of you. That's what I'mhere for. I look upon you as a Hawaiian,and they are my special charge." Then,in the goodness of his heart, he pretendedthat he remembered having met me atone of the royal balls in Honolulu. Hemay have known something about me, orperhaps I told him that I painted a little,for he insisted that I was to devote myselfto "Art" and not trouble my headabout business matters. He wanted togive me a handful of money, but I wouldonly take enough to pay our next week'sboard-bill.The following day Mr. Hoffnung cameto see me, with an outfit of paints and alarge papier-mache plaque. He was worriedbecause I would not accept moremoney from him, and tried to get roundit delicately by giving me a commission topaint a bunch of flannel flowers on a blackbackground. He produced the flowersfrom the inside of his shiny silk hat. Itis true that I had painted dinner-cardsand had even spoiled the lovely surface ofpearl shells with little landscapes and"Souvenir of Hawaii" scrolls, but I hadnever perpetrated a "plaque," a form ofart much in vogue in those days, especiallyamong amateurs. Mr. Hoffnung, however,was so kind and so anxious that Ifinally consented.Several days later, as I was daubingsomewhat despondently on the plaque,Miss Leaney came in to tell us that theAmerican steamer Alameda was in port."It stops at Honolulu on the waydown," she said, "and I thought youmight have some friends on board."We knew all the officers of the OceanicLine steamers that touched at Honoluluon their monthly trips between Australiaand "the coast," so Austin and I wentdown to the docks in great excitement.

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney91We found our old friend Purser Smith in " My poor child," she said, " why didn'this little office smothered in papers. He you tell me? You could have stayed ondropped everything when he saw us, here till your people came. I would havehailed us in, gave us all the latest news taken care of you." And I really believefrom Honolulu, and then asked how we she would.liked "the antipodes." It was such a reliefSt. Mary's Terrace was on a quietto meet some one who knew us, that street, a sort of oasis in the midst of evilI poured out the whole story of our adventures.surroundings; for, in spite of every kindPurser Smith looked at his of safeguard and advice, I had landed inwatch, and said:the very worst quarter of Sydney, the"You have just time enough to reach notorious Wooloomooloo. But the terrace,the bank before closing hours."which for all its fine name, was only"What do you mean?" I said; "they a row of boarding-houses, turned its backwere horrid to me there."upon the slums and faced the iron railings"I understand the whole thing," he and beautiful trees of the Domain. Thesaid. "What actually happened was thatthe letters and papers Mr. Stevenson arrangedonly passers-by were occasional touristsfrom the incoming or outgoing steamers,for you were left with the bank and late and early a few laborers on theirofficials in Honolulu to post, and—they way to and from the docks. To be sure,missed the boat. What then? Why, we sometimes heard the horrible shrieksthey would be sent on the next steamer— of women being dragged to the policestation,this one. and were once startled by theThe mail went ashore earlythis morning. Hurry, and please send crack of pistol-shots from the shadows ofAustin down to tell me if everything is the Domain, and saw next day a morbidall right."crowd surrounding a dark stain upon theIt was as he had said. The papers had grass. But these were exceptions thatall arrived that morning on the Alameda. only served to accentuate the calm ofWhen I reached the bank my reception ordinary days.was very different, though I never saw thecold hard man again.With a light heart and a purse full ofSome years before we arrived at MissLeaney's a well-known comedian, TeddyRoyce, came to Sydney and put up withmoney, I went to see Mr. Hoffnung to his wife at a small hotel. They had onlyexplain about the arrival of the papersand pay back the money he had so generouslybeen there a few days when Mrs. Roycewas taken ill and a doctor, called in hur­given me. On the way I made up riedly, pronounced her sickness to bea speech beginning, "I was a stranger typhoid fever. The hotel proprietorin a strange land—" and ending with promptly ordered them to leave. There"though my thanks are inadequate, they was an epidemic raging and the hospitalsare none the less sincere." It was a beautifulwere all full. Mr. Royce rushed madlyspeech, and I said it over to myself a about trying to find lodgings, but everydozen times. When I waited in the office door shut at the word typhoid. He hadfor Mr. Hoffnung, I had it letter-perfect. to go to the theatre for the evening performanceto play his comedy part. He came in hurriedly, his kindly face aItlittle anxious."Oh, Mr. Hoffnung," I cried, "it's allright," and burst into tears on his blackand-white-checkedshoulder, while thedear man patted me on the back. I don'twas after eleven o'clock when he took hisfew belongings, and his wife, sick anddelirious, in a hired hack, to search thecity for a refuge. He found Miss Leaney,who took them in, helped to nurse Mrs.think I ever did tell him in words how Royce back to health, and not only wongrateful I was.their gratitude but that of the professionWhen I came home I met Miss Leaney as well, and from that moment Missin the hall, and told my story all overagain, for now it had a happy ending."You little knew," I said, "what a slimchance you had of getting your rentmoneythis week."Leaney's became a theatrical boardinghouse.A good story gains a lot when told byan actor, and though I came to know thattale by heart, I never failed to weep on

92 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneyhearing it. I was not only a good listener•—I was an eager, ardent one. The olderactors at Miss Leaney's found me mostappreciative of their tales of formersuccesses—"when the house rose" atthem—"when the theatre rocked withapplause." To the younger ones and theirdreams of fame, I listened with awe andrespect. I was a willing and conscientiousreader of press notices, and so long as astory was well told, I did not care howmany times I heard it. I had alwaysfrom earliest childhood taken a great interestin the theatre, and these peoplewere not ordinary folks to me—they hadabout them the glamour of the footlights.To return the compliment, they wereall more or less interested in me, the firstAmerican, strange to say, that any ofthem had met; and Austin was a constantsource of entertainment. Theywere quite frank in noting our peculiaritiesof speech and manner—not criticallyor scornfully, but as we would discuss theWild Man of Borneo in the circus."You most scared me to death," Austinexclaimed one morning at a turn inthe stairs when he ran into an actor comingup to breakfast. The man stoppedabruptly. "Say that again," he said.Austin repeated his remark. "Strange,"said the man, "I can't understand a wordof your lingo.""Mush" for porridge amused themvery much, and when I said I had leftmy room "every which way," and hadcrossed the street "catty-corner," andsaid "coal-oil," "elevator," "drug-store,""dry-goods store," and "conductor," forkerosene, lift, pharmacy, drapers, andguard, besides many other expressionsthat were natural to me, I realized thatI was speaking a foreign language tothem.The only help Miss Leaney had in runningthe house was a very pretty youngersister named Flossie, who never did anythingthat I could see but bang on thepiano and cause an occasional sensationby fainting from tight lacing. There wasa cook in the dark lower premises whooccasionally broke loose like a wild animaland had to be overpowered by the police—and Annie. Annie was a little maidof all work, exactly like the "slavey" inpopular English comedies. She calledMr. Osbourne "Mr. Hospin"; she saidthat a neighbor was going to "Owbart todie" (to Hobart to-day), and when Austinasked the name of a little nut she toldhim it was a "high-corn." She wasyoung, and might have been pretty if shehadn't always a smut on her face and herhair screwed up in a tight wad on the topof her head. She was so " true to form,"that she wore huge feathers in her Sundayhat. With the kitchen on the first floorback, and the dining-room on the secondfloor front—up a very long flight of stairs—Annie would have had enough to dowaiting on the table, but she swept,brought up breakfast-trays, ran errands,carried heavy loads of coal, and yet foundtime to answer brightly and cheerfullythe constant calls for "Annee" over thebannisters.Mrs. Magee was the first friend I madeat Miss Leaney's. Though she was ayoung woman, she was the oldest boarder,and she made me a stately little call as"doyenne." She was the adoring wife ofa big handsome Irishman she called"Hammy," who was manager of theCriterion Theatre. They were both fromBelfast, and returned there shortly afterwe left Miss Leaney's, on "Hammy's"falling heir to a fortune. It pleased mew r hen I heard that they gave a granddinner on the eve of their departure forIreland to all the guests at Miss Leaney's,and presented that dear soul with a diamondbrooch.I have been grateful all my life sinceto the Magees for their kindness to me—for it was Hammy who gave me a passto the Criterion Theatre.It did not have to be renewed withevery performance. I was introduced toMr. Grant at the box-office, and to theman who took the tickets. Only firstnights, Saturdays, and holidays werebarred—on all other occasions I was freeto walk in, provided I wore eveningdress.To the good Magees I owe some ofthe happiest hours I have ever spent ina theatre; I grew to know the actors atthe Criterion almost intimately; I learnedtheir peculiarities, their mannerisms, andthe very tones of their voices, so that tothis day their names thrill me as those ofold and loved friends: George Titheridge,

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney 93who heads my list as the greatest actorI have ever seen; Dion Boucicault, whoseevery movement was a joy, the enchantingMrs. Brough—George Anson, PattieBrown, Emma Romer, Jenny Watt-Tanner, Cecil Ward—all and every oneof that incomparable stock company!There were no great names amongMiss Leaney's boarders. Those whocame to her were of the rank and file ofthe profession, hard-working, ambitious,deeply interested in the theatre and invery little else. I can't remember thatwe ever talked of current events; nobooks were read, except perhaps a trashynovel to pass the time on a rainy Sunday.The stage, the actors, and the plays werediscussed morning, noon, and night.The only drone in that busy hive wasMiss Tracy, who had the big back roomon the top floor. She had once been aleader of the chorus, but had to retire asshe grew too stout for the part. She wasa very tall woman, fair as a Swede, withstraw-colored hair and an enormous bust.She had never had a speaking part on thestage, but was far more theatrical in hergestures and allusions than the real actresses.She had a way of touching herforehead with the tips of her fingers,rolling her eyes, and waving her hand inthe air when she said "I remember" thatwas tremendously effective.Miss Tracy evidently had a privateincome, for she dressed well, did no work,and had plenty of time which she spentin making calls. There were always womentrailing up the two long flights of stairsto see Miss Tracy.Her room was a large, light corner one.The first things that caught your eye onentering were the photographs. Theywere tacked all over the walls close togetherin a mass that reached the ceiling.They were mostly autographed picturesof theatrical friends, but many were ofherself in the great days of her youth andbeauty. She pointed them out withpride. They showed a tall, buxom girlin tights, a satin bodice laced into painfulproportions, trunks, and very high-heeledboots, a fashion that hideously distortedthe human frame, but Miss Tracy lookedat the photographs fondly, tapped herforehead, rolled her eyes, and "remembered,ah me!" some more.She told me the story of her life severaltimes, with tremendous dramatic intensityand great variety. In one versionshe had been very wealthy, the spoiled,petted wife of an indulgent husband.She had much "carriage company" (itwas the first time I had heard the expressionand it stuck in my mind), but a darkcloud was approaching. Her dearestfriend, a woman of rank and fashion,crept into her life like a snake in thegrass, inveigled her husband, and elopedwith him. Miss Tracy, with agonizedtappings of the forehead and waving ofwhite fingers, recalled, ah me! that terriblenight when the truth burst uponher. Throwing her ermine cloak abouther shoulders, she drove in her carriageand pair to the theatre, where she fellfainting in her opera-box !Teddy Royce and his wife (the realfounders of Miss Leaney's theatricalboarding-house) had met in their youthmany years before in London, as Columbineand Harlequin in a Christmas pantomime.They had fallen in love witheach other dancing their fairy dances tolovely music, were married at the end ofthe run, and I saw in real life a couplewho "lived happy ever after." They hadnine children, all living, the older boyssupporting themselves, the girls married,and there were two of the youngest stillat school in England. Only one cloudhad crossed their blue horizon—a terriblemisfortune—but it had only served todraw them closer together. A few yearsbefore they came to Australia, Teddy,who was what he called "an operaticdancer," had missed his step in leapingthrough a trap-door. He fell, was pickedup insensible, and lay on his back paralyzedfor a year. He could not move orspeak, though he could see and hear allthat went on about him. It was the passionate,unwearying devotion of his wifethat saved him. She understood thequiver of an eyelash, and never lost hopeor allowed him to despair. She riggedup a tray in front of him, so arranged thathe could watch her put picture-puzzlestogether. She chatted to him gayly,telling all the pleasant gossip of thetheatre—sometimes, as she confessed tohim afterward, with a catch at her heartfor fear he did not understand. And in

94 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneythe end she fairly loved him to completerecovery.He was then given a benefit performance,where he took the same jumpthrough the trap-door, and was receivedwith tremendous applause. Mrs. Roycealways had the press notices to show, describingthis great occasion. But thevogue of the male dancer had passed andTeddy Royce turned to comedy. WhenI met them he was a small, slender manwith the light, graceful step of the dancer,and though his hair was gray he had ayouthful, almost boyish, face. Mrs.Royce was a sweet, matronly-lookingwoman who filled in her spare time embroideringflannel petticoats in floss silk.Her clothes were plain and neat, butsadly dowdy in style, and she wore herblack hair severely smooth. I noticedcasually that she always left the housepromptly at three o'clock every afternoon,and asked Miss Leaney about it." She is ballet-mistress at the Majestic,"she explained, "and is training her youngladies for the Christmas pantomime."I looked my astonishment as MissLeaney went on: "She not only teachesdancing—she dances herself. You'll seeher in the pantomime. She runs abouton the tips of her toes something wonderful."It is the regret of my life that I didn'tsee Mrs. Royce on the stage, but I wasill during the holidays and missed thatwonderful performance and TeddyRoyce's song that became so famousthat it was called "The Australian Anthem."I remember the heated discussionsthat went on about it at our littlesuppers after the theatre. It was a convictsong about Botany Bay. I only recallone verse:" Now all you young dookes and duchesses,Take warning by what I now say—Be sure all's your own what you touchesesOr you'll join us in Botany Bay."There was a dance that went with this,suggesting the lock-step. Teddy's friendswere afraid to have him sing that particularsong in the city of Sydney, sayingthat many people in the audience wouldtake it as a personal affront to their ancestors.But Teddy's argument was,"The ones who are not descended fromconvicts will applaud loudly to prove thefact before the world—and the ones whoare descended from convicts will applaudlouder still for fear people will guess it,and between the two the song will makea hit"—and it did.Mr. H. was a good-looking young manwho played the lead in melodrama. Onthe stage his entrance was always precededby bursts of praise and "Ah, herecomes the dear lad now." He wore softwhite shirts open at the neck; the villagechildren clustered about him, and he wasalways good to his mother. That wasthe heyday of melodrama, and oh, whatperils surrounded Mr. H.! I have seenhim climb up the very wabbly side of aprison-cell, pull out the iron bars of hiswindow, and let himself out over—he wascareful to inform us—a frightful precipice.I have seen him chased by bloodhounds—at least chased off stage, coming onbreathless and gasping, to tell us about itin beautiful language. I have seen himunder London Bridge among cutthroatsand thieves, and welcomed in red-velvetsalons among dukes and earls, always thecentre of tragedy, love, and romance. Inprivate life he was a wholesome, friendlysoul whose heart was wrapped up in alittle son. He always had one of hisletters to read aloud, and every chancehe got he paid him a visit at a boardingschoolnear Sydney.Mr. Diver was a thin, earnest youth,pale and hollow-eyed, with long blackhair that tossed off his forehead like amane. He was playing the part of thebrother in "La Tosca" in the Mrs. Brown-Potter and Kyrle Bellew Company.Through him I learned for the first timehow cruel great actresses could be. Mrs.Potter was annoyed with Mr. Diver becausehe asked her for his cue before thecompany, and after that made it a pointto change it continually. For instance,if he had learned these words for his entrance,"More of this anon," she wouldsay: "We will speak of this to-morrow."Poor Mr. Diver grew thinner and palerevery day during the engagement of Mrs.Potter and Kyrle Bellew, for, strangelyenough, though the lady badgered himnearly to death, she kept him in thecompany during the whole season.Mr. Royce had been engaged as stage-

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney 95manager to put on one of the plays—itwas while he was disengaged, so he wasvery glad to get the job. When Mr.Diver would come in after the performancehe would tear his hair, appeal tohigh heaven, and tell us of more tricks andtortures that he had endured. Mr. Roycegave him fatherly advice—to rememberthat a great actress like Mrs. JamesBrown-Potter was more highly strungthan ordinary women. He should helpher, show her in every way in his powerthat he was working for the good of theplay, in fact, turn the other cheek. Wewere all at supper a few nights later whenTeddy Royce burst in boiling with rage.He had arranged a "set" with velvetchairs and sofa, and the colors did notharmonize with Mrs. Potter's dress. Insteadof telling Mr. Royce, who wouldhave changed them, she ripped andslashed the velvet with a sharp knife.The furniture was hired, and Mr. Roycewas responsible for it. I don't know howit ended or what happened next, onlythat for once Mr. Diver laughed aloud,and for once Teddy Royce damned awoman.Mr. and Mrs. X. were always together—they were inseparable, which wouldn'thave seemed strange if they had been adevoted couple; but they weren't. Theyquarrelled all the time. Of the two, Mrs.X. did the talking, to which her husbandkept up a rumble—a sort of running accompanimentof abuse. She would say:"Ah, that was a great play—' Forget-Me-Not.' I am particularly fond of it, as Ioriginated the part of Miss Foley."Rumble from Mr. X.: " You did NOT.""How can you sit there contradictingme when I tell you I was the originalMiss Foley?""Everybody here knows Mrs. HarryWood originated that part in London.""Oh," said Mrs. X., "I meant, ofcourse, in Australia." (Sardonic laughterfrom her husband.)He caught her out another time in away that was positively cruel, for it wasbefore us all. She had a sixpence eitheron her chain or in her purse, and she saidit had brought her luck for twenty years.They bickered over this until Mr. X.snatched the coin and read the date aloudto the company. It was that of two yearsprevious. The scene made such a deepimpression upon me because I was somortified for Mrs. X., but I don't thinkthe incident made any impression on her.The X.s had two large trunks, or"hampers," they called them, full oftheatrical clothes. I remember a mostexciting afternoon when they unpackedthem for me, and I revelled in crownsand sceptres, cotton-velvet draperies, giltshoes, and boots with wonderful tops tothem. It seemed strange that two grown,middle-aged people should be so seriousabout such a lot of make-believe, but thecostumes were done up in tissue-paper,and the jewels as reverently handled asthough they had been real. Of course theX.s quarrelled over every article, anddiffered about when it was worn andwhich one of them had made a great successin it.Once when Mr. X. was playing andhis wife was out of town, Annie forgot towake him at a quarter past eight whenhe was taking a nap after dinner. He wasa big, red-cheeked Englishman, and weheard him bounding down the stairs, yellingcurses as he went. When he camehome he told us that he had run all theway to the theatre and only just missedthe unpardonable sin of "keeping thestage waiting." A couple of nights laterit suddenly occurred to me that I hadn'theard Mr. X. leave. His room was justbelow mine and it was nearly nine o'clock.I ran down and tapped at his door. Noanswer. I opened it and looked in.There he was lying on the bed fast asleep.It took a little courage, but I felt it to bemy duty to go in and shake him. Heavens,what a rage he was in ! After a stringof very uncomplimentary remarks, hesaid he wasn't on that night and I wasthe third person who had waked him.After that I refrained from interfering inthe X.s' affairs.Not long ago I was looking over someold boxes, and came upon the photographof a pleasant-faced woman; underneathwas written: "Don't forget me." I haveforgotten her name, but I have never forgottena story she told me of her earlydays on the stage. She had been a balletgirl,and worked very hard for very littlemoney. Once she and another girl had aroom together in the cheap part of town,

96 A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydneyand found it pretty hard to make bothends meet. A girl they knew in thetheatre, who lived in Sydney, invitedthem both to a Sunday dinner. The twogirls were delighted. As they were goingto feast the next day, they went withouttheir supper on Saturday night, andworked till nearly morning ironing outtheir white muslin dresses—cleaning andmending their gloves, and preparing tomake a good impression. They foundthat the girl who had invited them livedout in the suburbs of Sydney, so they leftearly and walked to save bus-fare. It wasa very hot day and when the two girls arrivedat the house they were faint withfatigue and hunger. The door was openedby an indignant woman who shouted," Go away ! I don't allow my daughter toassociate with the likes of you!" andslammed the door in their faces.There was only one love-affair goingon at Miss Leaney's—at least only onethat was generally known and certainlyapproved by the whole of St. Mary'sTerrace. A little girl named Poppy Jenningslived in the boarding-house nextdoor. She was a slim, fairylike littlecreature with amber-colored hair, mildblue eyes, and a heart full of devotion toAustin. She was older than he by a year,but what he lacked in age he made up inexperience, for he had travelled in shipsand was something of a man of the world.They were inseparable. Austin had a boxfull of books we had brought with us fromHonolulu and loved nothing so much asto sit on a door-step listening to Poppyread aloud to him. Once I found himvery much dejected and asked him wherePoppy was. "I don't know," he saidsadly. "I'm disappointed about Poppy.She doesn't like 'Pilgrim's Progress.' "However, she liked "Tom Sawyer," andthe course of true love ran smooth.It was against every English traditionfor a boy of Austin's age to pay attentionsto a girl, but he was so oblivious to sarcasmand so invulnerable to ridicule thathe finally won out, and he and Poppywere accepted by the terrace as sweethearts.Indeed, Hammy, the big, handsomeIrishman, confided to Austin in aheart-to-heart talk that he had fallen inlove with his wife when she was six yearsold.I was once so ill-advised as to interferebetween Austin and Poppy. She had avery marked Australian accent and said"arkyde" and "lydy." I suggested thatAustin should mention to her that arcadeand lady were the correct pronunciationsof those words. He came in that afternoonand reproved me for interfering."Why did you tell me to correct Poppy?"he said. "She won't speak to menow. She says she speaks ' prop-ley andwill take no me-rarks from nobody'!"Once he came in and said the streetboys called him "Yankee," and askedwhat he should call them. I proposed"Sydney ducks," and had to put somebeefsteak on Austin's black eye in consequence.As he was one against a gang, the wholeterrace was in arms in his defense. Ihave seen Miss Leaney leave a prospectivetenant unceremoniously to dash outand join in the fray. Once Poppy rushedin and said Austin was being killed in thealley. I flew to the rescue, accompaniedby Miss Tracy, little Annie hoppingdown the stairs three steps at a time tojoin us. We found Austin backed upagainst a wall, warding off blows andscratches from a number of enraged littlegirls. It seems that he had told Poppynot to associate with them, and they wereproving to him that they were perfectladies. Miss Tracy and I were too muchovercome with suppressed laughter to bemuch help, but Annie did some hairpullingand scratching on her own accountand soon routed the foe."Why didn't ye 'it 'em?" she askedAustin as we were binding up his wounds,and he replied that he couldn't fight girls."They're not girls, they're larrikins,"said Annie contemptuously.Miss Leaney was always busy, andthe only times I remember seeing her wasat the head of her table when she servedthe coffee or the roast, a slender figure ofa woman with Irish-blue eyes and blackcrinkly hair. She was looked upon as asort of little mother by her theatricalfamily, who all treated her with the greatestdeference.I asked her once if she ever had anytrouble collecting her rent, and she saidthat her boarders always paid her, evenif she occasionally had to wait some time

A Theatrical Boarding-House in Sydney 97for the money. Only one couple evercaused her any trouble and they camewhile I was there. They were from Java.The man was a tall, handsome, dissipatedlookingEnglishman, evidently the blacksheep of a good family. The woman wasa faded, dyed, painted creature who puton an air of bravado and then cringedif you noticed her. They had a childwith them, a very dirty little boy aboutfour years old. For some extraordinaryreason he took a fancy to me, and wouldknock at my door and say, "Tan I turnin ? " in such a sweet voice I could neverresist him. I surprised him with a bathand a much-needed shampoo, but eventhose indignities didn't cool his ardor, forhe was back again with his "Tan I turnin ? " One morning when I had given thelittle chap a scrubbing, I ran over to hismother's room to get some clean underclothesfor him. As I pushed open thedoor in answer to a languid "Come in,"I got an impression of an interior that isengraved on my mind. The room wasuntidy, a breakfast-tray with disarrangeddishes tilted perilously on a chair, thewash-bowl was full of soapy water; thewoman, dressed in a dirty pink-silk wrappertrimmed'with torn lace, reclined on atousled, unmade bed, reading a yellowcoverednovel, the title showing in largetype "The Road to Ruin."It was here at Miss Leaney's that thefamily found us after their long cruiseon the Equator; and it was here westayed, very comfortable and happy whenthey left for still another voyage, on theJanet Nicholl. When they returned atlast it was with the exciting news thatLouis had bought three hundred acreson the island of Upolu, and intended togather his family about him and liveon his estate at Vailima for the rest ofhis life.In the months that followed there wasmuch coming and going, by each andevery member of the family, but they allat one time or another put up at MissLeaney's theatrical boarding-house.It was Louis's mother, Mrs. ThomasStevenson, who made the greatest impressionupon the boarders. Tall, slender,gracious, in trailing black, with her snowywidow's cap, the long streamers floatingVOL. LXVI.—7down her back, she was a very distinguished-lookingwoman. One glance ofwell-bred surprise from her reduced theX.s to something like harmony, thoughMr. X. had great difficulty in repressinghis scorn at the excessive gentility of hiswife. Miss Tracy came out with a newand revised story of her life with manyreferences to "county families" and "theclergy." My mother and my brother weretoo deeply immersed in lists and plansfor Vailima to be "good company," butthe boarders were one and all enchantedwith Mr. Stevenson. R. L. S. has oftenbeen described as a good talker. He was,indeed, but he was also a very good listener;and his genuine personal interestin people drew out even the shyest. Idoubt if any of the boarders had everread any of his books. They knew, ofcourse, that he was a popular author, butthey promptly forgot the prestige of thewriter in the unaffected charm of the man.It was "between times" with R. L. S.at Miss Leaney's, and he did no writingthere. If he wanted to catch up on hiscorrespondence he went to the UnionClub, where he had rooms. At the boarding-househe gave himself over to hisfavorite author, Lynch, talking with theactors, and playing on his flageolet.Austin and I were the last of the familyto leave Miss Leaney's. We waited ontill the house at Vailima was finishedand the mountain road that Louis describedas "a Highland burn without thetrout" was made navigable. We left onthe little inter-island packet Lubeck, anexact duplicate in miniature of the bigNorth German Lloyd liners.It was not till the day before we leftthat I saw a cherry with the stone outside.Mr. Diver found it for me withsome difficulty, I imagine, and, though itwas not much to look at after all, ithelped me to bear the disappointing factthat I had not seen a kangaroo or aboomerang, and the only parrots I'd metwere in captivity.Our friends at the boarding-house prepareda farewell supper for us, each onecontributing a dish cooked by themselves.Miss Tracy's was chicken with noodles—a memorable affair. Mrs. X. made aboiled beefsteak pudding by a recipethat had been in her family for genera-

98 The Vestment Makertions. I won't repeat the comments Mr.X. made on this statement, though Inoticed that he had three helpings. Mrs.Magee contributed a "shape," as shecalled a quivering creation of the blancmangeorder. Mrs. Royce, with helpfrom Teddy, concocted a grand vegetablesalad with beets and cold boiled eggs cutinto fancy shapes. The men joined togetherand made a white-wine punch.It was a great night on St. Mary's Terrace; there were complimentary speeches,special songs, and verses written for theoccasion. Mr. Diver, with an idea, nodoubt, of paying us a compliment as Americans,recited a poem by Bret Harte. Hischoice was "The Pit's Mouth," and with atea-cloth over his head for a shawl he impersonatedan agonized wife beseechingnews of her husband after an accident atthe mine. It was harrowing. Mr. H. reciteda sad little poem about a child who,saying she was going to write a letter toher father in heaven, put a postage-stampon her forehead and was run over by awagon and killed. There were morerecitations all more or less lugubriouswhich might have affected the spirits ofthe party if Teddy Royce hadn't startedthe "Australian Anthem," and got us allto join in the chorus. There were morespeeches, and one poor lady was so overcomewith emotion at our departure thatshe had screaming hysterics and had tobe carried to her room. She was a newcomerand hardly knew us, but she hadan artistic temperament.As the Lubeck was to leave at daybreak,our party kept up till late. It was aftertwo o'clock when we said our final goodbys.Willing hands helped us into theold two-horse cab that had been waitingoutside, and the last picture I have ofMiss Leaney's is the open doorway floodedwith light, a group of friendly, smilingfaces, waving handkerchiefs, and Poppydissolved in tears, sobbing in kind littleAnnie's arms.THE VESTMENT MAKERBy Theda KenyonINTO the sanctuary, work of my hands,Go, and be worthy!There, in the very Presence of God,Before the Most Holy,Gleam fairer, thou, than the lightsOn the pale altar.Under the sun and the stars and the rain,Grew, for thy weaving,Flax, glowing slender and tall in the morn and the eve,Proudly upraisingLightly poised head, ready-crowned for the glory approaching;But I, who have made thee—These hands that have shaped thee, and fashioned the cross of redemptionOn thy fair linen,Red must they be in God's sight—yet—go, thou, and be worthy.Up to the very altar, work of my heart,Go—be thy message,Mute on the ears of man, heard of God:Plead there for forgiveness. . . .Shine purer, thou, than the flowersStrewn on the altar!

GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ANDINDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISETHE VIEWS OF CHARLES M. SCHWABBy Donald WilhelmEARLY in November, lastyear, when he was Director-Generalof the EmergencyFleet Corporation,Mr. Schwab told me:"The sense of competitionis the very spirit of America. I amin favor of individual enterprise in everything.I don't object to such governmentalsupervision as is necessary, but Iam not in favor of anything direct. Ithink the development of this country hascome, and for many years is likely tocome, from individual initiative. Onecharacteristic of the typical American ishis love of the contest of proper competition."It is not money-making alone that isthe mark of the successful American. Itis in large part what may be called thesense of accomplishment—the sense ofthe successful doing of things."We have reached the stage when weknow the value of each member of society.We know that the aristocrat is more thanmerely the man of wealth or power. Weknow the desire to achieve works ofservice or of economic size and importance,and to be associated with anorganization that plans for American developmentand reflects credit upon America,is the true mark, after all, of Americanenthusiasm and manhood."It is my opinion that the best andmost economical results in American businessare not, and will not be, obtained bygovernment ownership but by individualenterprise and control. It seems to meeverybody knows that."These thoughts, uttered quietly andconclusively by Mr. Schwab, who, withoutquestion, has demonstrated the rarestpowers in the world for calling out themost from men, seemed singular, duringthe war, to one who accepted the war asbeing in all directions of the consolidatingkind, and of a nature certain to bringabout the final unification, under governmentoperation, at least of the wires, therailroads, and the ships. The wires, indeed,seemed then to have fared noworse under governmental control. Therailroads had already achieved undergovernmental control what they hadfailed to achieve under private control.And there was public promise that themerchant marine of the United Stateswould once more ride the Seven Seas.To be sure, before Mr. Schwab grantedthe first interview to me, in the offices ofthe Emergency Fleet Corporation inPhiladelphia, it was assumed in manyquarters that government ownership ordirect control of wires, railroads, andships would fail, or would suffer fronthandicaps, largely economic, laid on it, inthe very nature of government operation.There was, in many quarters, the patentdisposition to regard the CapitalCity—the City of Procedure, which isdisassociated from the creative interestsof the nation as is no other capital cityin the world—as inadequate for the vastand complicated task of being the clearing-houseand the "home offices" of thehugest corporation ever conceived, theunification of many of our major corporations.Then too, "wire-experts" wereearly disturbed by Mr. Burleson's handlingof wire matters; were emphatic inapprehending the failure of governmentalcontrol, and are now of one voice abouttheir early contentions. In relation tothe railroads Mr. McAdoo told me, casually—prophetically,if one now read betweenthe lines—"the war-time railroadproblem is one thing, the peace-time problemwill be another thing."And Mr. Charles Piez, recently Director-Generalof the Emergency Fleet Corporation,an engineer who by nature ofhis profession is largely concerned with99

100 Government Ownership and Individual Enterprisecost accounting, a business man on whomthe sternest problems of our ship constructionhave fallen from the start, butone who yet felt assured that the UnitedStates could build and operate its shipssuccessfully and continuously, expressed,in an interview, his concern at the failureof our national labor policies during thewar, and of course the failure of a laborplan is always an indictment of a wholeorganization. "There should be priorityboards as to labor," he said, "as theyare what every construction programmeshould start with. There are such boards,but they are headed up nowhere . . . ourexperience makes me reluctant to believein the existing method of determiningwages in any manner except in terms ofproduction. When an employer sitsdown to work out production costs hethinks in terms of production, but ournational boards determine wages on thebasis of cost of living, which results in uncertainfactors, a dangerous circle, andconfusion and waste."Considering the apparent failure ofgovernment operation, evidenced notably,at last, by the selling of the ships toprivate interests and the assertions madeby Mr. Schwab five months before, I recentlysought out Mr. Schwab again, toascertain, if I could, why, in his mind, theapprehensions he entertained seemed inlarge part already demonstrated."It is unfortunate," he said, "that thetest of government operation had to bemade in time of war."During the war we were all encouragedto the greatest possible effort by thealmost universal approval and encouragementof all Americans, under which circumstancesevery man must do his best.There could have been no mainspringstronger than the patriotic wish in all toserve the country that we love. To thatcircumstance I attribute all such successas we achieved during the war."Now, one of the things I feared whenthe great corporations came into existencewas the loss of individual initiativeand enterprise. In my own earlier years,when I was younger and full of moreenergy and enthusiasm, I was associatedwith Mr. Carnegie, one of the greatest ofall industrial leaders. He created a bondof interest between himself and his menwhich resulted in a large success. Whilehe owned practically all his works, hegave to his younger managers practicallyhalf of his income, and with such stimulusand such inspiration the results were sureto be successful, as indeed they were. AtBethlehem, without even believing thatthere was any chance of my taking Mr.Carnegie's place in the industrial world, Idid, with reference to my relations withthe managers in my works, as Mr. Carnegiehas done. It was on that account thatI developed a profit-sharing scheme bywhich every one in our business was concernedin its success, with the result that,as you know, our managers and men earnunprecedented rewards."It is my thought that the best effortfrom men is obtained by such personalapproval and encouragement, which ourgovernment, for reasons which we can allapprehend, could not entertain."In business it is essential, I am sure,personally to inspire every one about you.I do not think direct government controlcan ever be successful, because with governmentoperation in a democracy that isimpossible. For there is much more inbusiness than simple direction. A businessmust have soul, spirit, and enthusiasm,or it will fail."What is true of a business or a greatcorporation is to a greater extent true ofgovernment enterprises, because you cannever get the government to profit-shareor to pay for the best results by the ablestmen; and I contend, to go no further, tothat extent at least it will fail to achievein industry the results that have beenachieved by the men whose pictures yousee on the walls of my office—Mr. Carnegie,for instance, James J. Hill, E. H.Harriman, George Westinghouse, SenatorClark, and all those others."Such men had not the financial advantagesfor large enterprises that, ofcourse, the government has, but, on theother hand, one of the things that menwho do best in business learn they learnfrom the cruel necessities of private capital."Such men learn by experience thatcapital must be used with wisdom andcare. They learn that any enduring businessmust be founded on the best economicprinciples, and they know- from

Mr. Schwab addressing shipyard workers.bitter experience, perhaps, that the oneway to make such principle's enduring isby the continuous exercise of individualinitiative and enterprise." Such men learn that success is measured,in some direction, by reasonablereturn for initiative, and that in Americanbusiness life we never achieve anyreal industrial development except interms of economic development"The pre-eminent trait of the Americanpeople is the desire to succeed, in theopinion of our countrymen. That is themainspring that has brought about thegreatest development and enterprisesthat this country has known. We are avirile nation, filled out with the passionof self-determined success. In that passionis born our love of achievement andour inventiveness."We have heard much of German efficiency,but, to go no further than theindustry with which I am most familiar,it is clear that though the Germans werethe second largest producers of iron andsteel, there is not a single iron or steelprocess or invention or development thatcame out of Germany. The essentialreason for German efficiency lay in thefact that they got a full day's work fromtheir working men by means of legislation,VOL. LXVL—8government control, and in other waysnot American."We cannot, here in America, employthe methods of obtaining efficiency bywhich the Germans excelled. We cannot,on the other hand, to my mind,achieve in governmental enterprises theessential appeal to initiative and enterprisethat has built up the great industriesof this country."The men who achieved these enterpriseswere not impelled solely by the motiveof making money. They were thesimplest, most whole-hearted men in theworld. But they had what every greatAmerican has had, the American passionin their souls of successful development,of achievement of things worth while."To my mind this essential characterof all great Americans is the touchstoneon which our national progress has made,and will, if at all, always make its mark."And that is to say that the best andmost economic results will not be obtainedin America by government ownershipor direct control; that there shouldbe national supervision of all great enterprises,supervision such as will preventdestruction, but will preserve in business,as elsewhere, our priceless gift of nationalfreedom. Of that I am sure."IOI

FOURDOG PICTURESBy George Ford MorrisCopyright by George FordMorris.Blighty.102

Copyright by George FordMorris.The Pacifists.103

Copyright by George FordMorris.The Poor Little Rich.104

Copyright by George Ford Morris. "He Should Worry."

SWORDFISHINGBy Horace Winston StokesILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHORIT was dusk when we leftNew Bedford to its dreamsof whale-oil. No othercraft was stirring in thatmeditative harbor, saveone of Uncle Sam's destroyersthat followed us silently. Wharfs,barges, and rows of trim, brick factoriesglided by, and down the bay we passed anold square rigger, with her spars in silhouetteagainst the last faint flare of thesunset.The patch of light in the west was awindy crimson, and already we were buckinga choppy sea.. The destroyer pausedfor an instant, coughed up a few reflectivepuffs of smoke, then tore across thebay like a hound from the leash, leavingus to wallow in an enormous swell. Wepassed into Vineyard Sound. Gay Headwas soon abeam. The regular rays of thelighthouse were marching over the waters.The wind blew fresh in our faces as werounded the end of No Man's Land andlaid our course for the. open sea.Along the outer edge of the NantucketShoals the swordfish were said to be lying,and to the shoals the fishing vessels werebound. There was no riding at anchoron the first night of that cruise, andshortly after dawn the skipper of an inward-boundswordfisherman hailed usand told of a big catch on the previousday. Harpoons were made ready, ropeswere coiled, kegs and lances laid at hand.Our two sea dories were overhauled andcalked, and the crew climbed to the mastheadto send over the sea a sustained andkeen regard, hunting for the sickle-shapedfin or the blur of violet that shows wherethe swordfish is lying.In spite of the indications of the previousnight the sun came up a crimsonball, that promised a hot, still day. Thewind died down until we seemed to moveon an ocean of glass. The horizon linewas so indistinct that it took no flightof fancy to believe that we were floating106in midair. An admirable day, an "eminent"day, as one of the crew expressedit; we could have seen the fins of a fishat the distance of half a mile. But ourharpoon remained roped to the pulpit.Numerous hammerhead sharks appearedsculling on top of the water, but noswordfish. We cruised in great loops andcircles, cut colossal triangles, and inscribedenormous patterns on the deep,burning our good gasolene to no avail.On the horizon were the sails of otherfishing-boats. Far more than the whalingbarkthe swordfishing sloop or schoonerembodies the bird of prey. The menaloft are its eyes. Its bowsprit, fromwhich the fish are harpooned, is its beak.Its sails are its wings. It is, moreover,the companion of the birds. The seagoose,the hag, and the Mother Carey'schicken love to accompany it.On the hot deck I sat aimlessly. I wasin some measure salted, having beenswordfishing before, and had taken thiscruise for the single purpose of photography.This entailed many monotonoushours at the wheel, camera ready at hand.The cook, who was the official helmsman,had taken advantage of a visitor's presenceto remain below a large portion ofthe time preparing marvellous meals.He was the skipper's brother, and sawto it that his work was performed withthe touches of a true artist. In a baseballshirt with a pink initial for some NewBedford team on which he had played,he boiled and he baked, he stewed and hefried, always to music, for he sang constantly.When dinner was ready hepoked his .head out of the hatch andshouted the magic word. And, as thoughresponding to an electric connection, allthe men save one detached themselvesfrom the crosstrees and came sliding orclimbing down and went below.A shrill hail came from aloft, and themen looked up and laughed."Jim's at it again," said the skipper.

The swordlishing sloop or schooner embodies the bird of prey.—Page 106."He's done nothing but raise sharks allthe morning."Nevertheless, he went on deck andclimbed part way into the rigging to assurehimself."That?" we heard him shout scornfully."That's not even a shark. It'sa dogfish. If you bother me again, I'llwring your neck."We squared our shoulders and pitchedin. Bean soup, boiled beef and potatoes,cake, pie, tea, coffee, and sauces, all of107

108 Swordfishingthe best, would have tempted men who the wheel, for I know the ways. It's awere far less hungry than we. Fishermenhard job, too."live well. Moreover, as the cook I knew that only too well. Of all posi­said, food is important in the day that tions, not excepting that of the harpooner,is dully spent. And to him, as to all exceptmyself, swordfishing was sheer monotony.the helmsman's task is the most arduous.It is bad enough with a quadrant wheeland a small catboat or sloop. With aWith cigars and corn-cobs we went on screw-wheel and a heavy vessel propelleddeck, and relieved the lookout and helmsman.by sail and power, with shouts of "port!"I took the wheel and the crew and "starboard!" coming from aloft likeclimbed back aloft. Near the horizon firecrackers, the man at the wheel has towas the dark line of an approaching exert strength, quickness, and skill, withbreeze. I watched it, wondering how no thanks if he succeeds, but bitter recriminationslong it would take for the cool air toif the fish escapes.reach the vessel. Suddenly I started and The cook turned to go below, but, asswung the wheel to port as a cry from the hot air rolled up from the hatchway,aloft reached me. A mile away, in the he remained for an instant to enjoy themidst of the darkened water where thebreeze was advancing, a cloud of spraysuddenly appeared, and a mighty, glitteringbody hurled itself into the air.The men aloft abandoned their carelessnew breeze before making the plunge."Hard a starboard!" came from aloft.The cook bounded aft. ."Close thathatch so's I can hear," he shouted, throwinghis whole strength on the wheel.attitudes. Standing on the cross-"They've raised one!"tree the skipper pointed to the spot. The The sloop turned sharply and the boomcook, summoned from his batch of dough swung over her deck. Like a spider on aby the sudden lurch of the vessel, came ondeck for a breath of air, slapping the flourstrand of web, the skipper detached himselffrom the masthead and came slidingfrom his hands. Smoke poured from the down the forestay into the pulpit. Thestovepipe, and his red, jolly face wasbeaded with sweat."It's kind of dry pickings," he observedpulpit, by the way, is the place where theharpooner stands when he directs theblow that may mean forty or fifty dollarsdolefully, seating himself on the wheelbox.to his vessel. An iron support comes up"It's late in the season. June and to his thighs. With his heavy weaponJuly are generally the best times. I'll poised, he waits until the bowsprit swingsbet you a good cigar that we don't make over the fish. Leaning outward he looksenough to pay our gasolene bill.""A fish just breached," I said encouragingly.like a preacher exhorting his flock, buthis language is apt to be different." We're close to the spot now." " Port!" came from aloft, and the writ­"That's a bad sign," said the cook. er sprang to the bows. Georgie, the impromptucabin-boy, was ahead of him." When they breach they're getting readyto clear out, no one knows where. And The skipper was ready to strike, his harpoonit shows they are lying deep. Like as notwas poised a foot above the water.when we pass over that fellow he'll be ten Down shot his arm, and the camerafathoms beneath us. I'd rather see no clicked as the harpoon, with a gratingfins at all than to see breachers." noise, tore its way through flesh and bone.And it seemed that he was right. We "Hard over! Do you want to foulcrossed our wake and doubled backward, the line?" the skipper screamed.swung widely to starboard and port, The cook leaned on the wheel and thewidened our circles from a two-hundredyardvessel responded. Seizing the keg ondiameter to one of over a mile, and which the harpoon rope was wound, hescoured the sea with our eyes to no purposetossed it into the sea. In the meanwhilewhatever." Well, I guess I'll go back to my baking,"the shank and pole of the harpoon werejerked from the fish's body, leaving thesaid the cook. "Call me if any-barb embedded in the wound. Astern,thing's up. I'm in charge of the deck the keg, which was attached to the barbwhen they've got a fish in sight. I take by a rope, commenced to spin and threw

Down shot his arm, and the . . . harpoon . . . tore its way through flesh and bone.—Page 108.a cloud of spray ten feet into the air.Suddenly the keg was pulled under water.When it reappeared it was surging aheadat the rate of eight knots an hour. Itstopped and lay idly floating on the sea.Then it jumped on top of the water.The fish had charged it.Tom, an old, experienced fisherman,was pulling on his oilskins. Others werelaunching a dory.109

110 Swordfishing"Want to come along?" said Tom."Yes," I said. "I want to get someportraits at close range.""You'll get a chance, all right," he repliedwith a grin. "Look out you don'tspoil your kodak."We rowed toward the keg, which hadresumed its journey and was passing ourbow at a lively rate. Tom swung theyou'd get into trouble quicker than Iwould. A green hand makes harderwork. The fish seems to get on to him.I've only been plugged twice, and I'vebeen swordfishing all my life—slow downthere, you devil!"The last was to the fish, which wastaking over the side the hard-earned pileof line that Tom had coiled in the dory.The swordfish at close range.dory alongside and picked it up. Wewere fast to the swordfish, and our dorycommenced to move over the waves propelledby an unseen power."Kind of like the whaler's sleigh-ride,"said Tom. " Swordfishing's like whalingin many ways. You harpoon them. Youhaul them from a small boat, and there'sa chance that you'll get yours before yousee the last of them.""I've hauled a few fish myself andnever seen anything happen," I said."It isn't likely," he replied. "ButHe held the rope against the thwart andgave it out grudgingly by the yard. Itgroaned against the gunwale, and thedory skipped through the sea."The iron went right through him,"said Tom. "No danger of his gettingaway. Keep your feet clear of thosecoils! If you should get a turn aroundyour leg, it would be all off—for you andthe fish both. There he comes! It willsoon be over now.""Did you ever hear of any one beinghurt?" I asked him.

It lay between the engine-house and the bulwark, with its sword pointing skyward.—Page 113."Not many. I know of two. Saw oneof them. Got the sword right betweenhis legs and died in forty-eight hours.But what's two? Take men workingashore, along steel beams and amongcables, there's much more danger inthat. There's some danger in everything."He leaned over the side and rapidlydrew in the line.I l l

The pulpit, by the way, is the place where the harpooner stands.—Page 108.(Photographed from aloft.)"He's pretty nearly all in," he said."Tired to death."He lied. I can vouch that he lied.The camera was just focussed when thefish came to his senses. With a blow ofhis fluke he nearly stove the gunwaleand deluged us with spray.112Zip ! went the line as it surged over theside."I'm going to stop the son of a gunif he pulls us under," said Tom betweenclinched teeth.He took a turn around the thwart andthe bow of the boat was slowly drawn

Swordfishing 113downward. Gradually the strain slackened."In this time, hand over fist," saidTom. "Now get your camera ready.Shoot him full of holes!"He seized a short, sharp lance, snubbedthe harpoon-rope around a thole-pin, andplunged the lance to the hilt in the fish'sgills. Again and again he stabbed asthe swordfish writhed in the water. Thedory floated in a scarlet sea. Not twentyfeet away the fin of a shark appeared.Tom threw down the lance and seizedthe gaff. With a sudden lunge he hookedup the fluke, threw a slip-noose around it,and made the rope fast to a thwart. Inthe green water alongside the glitteringgiant lay dying, his life-blood ebbingaway in a copious stream.The sloop was several miles away, andwe signalled to her by up-ending one ofour oars. Soon the beat of her exhaustwas clearly heard, and the water waswhite at her bows. The swordfish washoisted to the deck. It lay between theengine-house and the bulwark, with itssword pointing skyward. With certainother creatures of the sea it showed thereflected radiance of the sky, combiningthe plum-blue of a summer night with asilver like that of the moon. Its gillswere coppery gold in occasional flashes.Along its back ran glimmers of burningbronze. Its eye, as large as an apple,was a baleful jewel."Ever see a fight like that before?"asked Tom triumphantly."No, I never did," I said. "That wasa record-breaker.""We don't usually have any trouble.I'm about done up.""To-night," said the cook, brandishinga cleaver with the most good-naturedsmile in the world, "we'll have a partyfor the sharks."The sword was lopped off, and the head.was preserved for this purpose. Tailand entrails were thrown over the side.A flock of Mother Carey's chickens atonce gathered about them, only to bedispelled when a greedy hag chased themaway with threatening cries, reserving thetempting viands for itself.With a plunge we came to anchor. Assoon as our sail was furled the swordfishhead was fastened to a rope and thrownVOL.LXVI.—9overboard. Almost at once a large sharkrolled up from the deep and commencedto browse upon the gills, burying his nosein the floating head. The camera clickedagain, and the next instant a lance wasthrust through the intruder's body. Witha tremendous thrashing he disappeared.Although a swordfishing vessel willoften cruise for days without sighting asail, other boats had been visible all daylong, and as night fell a diminutive fleetconvened. The breeze had freshened, aheavy swell was rolling in, and the ridinglights tossed high in the midst of vacancy,for we were far at sea. Dories were interchanged,pipes were lit, decks of cardswere shuffled. Astern the sooty petrelsdanced on the water, seeking crumbs fromthe fisherman's table.Fog and a high wind greeted us in themorning. We lay at anchor all day,tossed like a cork. Walking the deck wasan acrobatic feat. Sharks were frequentenough to make a dip over the side adoubtful pleasure. The fish head waslowered over once more, and the skipperlanced several. One old veteran madelittle of his wounds, but returned to theattack until his gills were cut to ribbons.A wide variety of life was seen in thatempty ocean. Whales rolled by, porpoisesplunged through the water. Thehag, that swift bird that resembles asmall albatross, was constantly to be seen.With its long, pointed wings it sweptthrough the air without effort, balancingthis way and that to avoid the crests ofthe combers.Early the next morning a semicircularblur of white light that the fishermen calla "fog-eater" appeared on the horizon.In a short time the driving mist thatcoated our garments with infinitesimalbeads of moisture became thinner, thenbroke away in a mass. The swell wasrunning high, but not too high for fishing.The windlass was broken, and our backsached under the strain of weighing anchorby hand.As soon as we were under weigh I wentaloft to try some snap-shots from thecrosstrees. For the average landsmanwho only cruises once a year the crosstreesseem high on the first visit. Moreover,in a heavy sea the mast takes uponitself, by mathematical necessity, several

114 Conquestfeet of motion for every one on deck.You feel like a ripe apple on a shakenbough.The second time up, however, you realizethat your supports are sound' andbegin to take pleasure in the heaving bluefloor beneath, stretched to a wider horizon,and open to the cold, salt winds,whose breath quickens the blood.That night we were in the steamshiplane and the blanket of fog returned.Lying in the path of ocean steamers ina fog at night, with nothing but a horn toannounce your presence, is little thoughtof by the fishermen, but is an experiencefor the landlubber. When the hoarsenote of a great liner draws near, all handsare called on deck. Perhaps a rusty shotgunis fired, or blue fire is burned. Witha flicker of light from her port-holes thegreat bulk roars past, and once more thewaters are left to emptiness and silence.Nothing is heard except the mysteriousmoaning of the swells. The crew goesbelow, leaving a solitary watchman ondeck. Phosphorescent gleams appear. Aschool of small fish laces the water withfire and a skipjack darts among themwith a trail like a flaming snake.The croak of some startled ocean birdis borne to your ears from the darknessand the rustle of wings is heard in the rigging.On either hand the racing whitecapsare swallowed in the night.It is then that the ocean draws on hercloak of unfathomable mystery, that nothingseems too mighty or too strange for thesea to perpetrate—that no monster wouldbe too uncouth to thrust its shadowy anddripping head above the bulwarks.Intimate acquaintance with the sea isonly to be had by vessels of small sizefurnished with sails. The fishermandares all kinds of weather; he remainsfor weeks at a time in the wilderness ofthe waters. Yachtsmen, sportsmen, andlovers of the sea in general would do wellto follow his example and pursue theswordfish during the summer months.Its habits, as well as its appearance, areas strange as those of the great oceandevil-fish. It is an enemy to the whale,a foe to the shark, a creature to be avoidedby its fellows, an antagonist to be reckonedwith by man. There are shownpieces of copper-sheathed ship's plankingwith broken swords embedded in them toa depth of eleven inches. Sloops of considerablesize have been damaged by itsattacks. But accidents in capturing it arerare.The swordfish is a game fish, thoughone that is little known. In the West itis caught on rod and reel, but the Westernvariety is different. Moreover, it is goodto eat—an essential quality. We maynot wish to consume what we kill; thereward of the chase ashore and afloat isoften disproportionate—but the fact thatour prey can appear upon our table doesaway with wantonness and gives the saltof purpose to hunting and fishing.CONQUESTBy Margaret SherwoodUP, for the march has begun!Forward and en ward the press!Swift move the hurrying ranks,Emerald file after file,Grasses and reeds of the marsh,Grasses of meadow and hill,Clover and buttercup bloomsLed by the dominant wind.Many-voiced the acclaimFrom myriad, murmuring leavesOf poplar and maple astir.Loud is the drum of the bee:Strong is the music and sweetPouring from jubilant throatsOf sparrow and glad bob-o-link.Bright are the pennons that waveFar in the radiant air,Gold of the brave fleur-de-lisSet in long banners of green,On to the conquest we move,An irresistible host,Thrilled by a single desire—The kingdom of beauty is won!

A RECRUIT FOR LAW AND ORDERAN INCIDENT OF THE CHILDREN'S COURTBy Franklin Chase HoytPresiding Justice of the Children's Court of New York CityTHERE are two reasons for according to the provisions of law, wasthis story. The first is, it forced to expiate her debt by remainingis true, every line and everyword of it (save that thein our city prison, the Tombs, for a dayand a night. Of course, had Mrs. Samuelsnames of those concerned told the judge of her predicament andhave been disguised for obvioushad she explained to him that she had fivereasons). In the second place, it' children waiting for her at home, I feelwould seem to be of some value at thepresent moment, for it tells how thevery sure he would have seen to it thatshe did not go to jail, but either throughmind of a boy was turned from bitterness her own ignorance, or possibly throughand false doctrine to a clearer vision and atruer understanding of American liberty.some error in the interpretation, shefailed to make these things clear and theAs a matter of fact, it is probably a judge was left in entire ignorance that amistake to call this a story at all, for ithas no plot, and follows no conventionaltwo-dollar fine was just about as impossiblefor her to meet at that particularline of dramatic action. It is simply a moment as one of two thousand dollars.little narrative of a recent incident in theChildren's Court, differing only in humanSome day, dear reader, such "mistakes"as these will not occur so often,interest from thousands of others and the overworked magistrates will bebecause of the fact that the record in this given greater opportunities than exist atcase is based almost wholly upon three present to delve down deep into the humanitiesletters of no ordinary sort.of each case and to decide theirThis is the way these letters happened problems with less consideration for theto be written:A few months ago in New York Citya certain Mrs. Samuels had the misfortuneforms of criminal procedure and withmore time and thought for common senseand social justice. But in this particularto be arrested for exposing fish for instance the judge was in no way at fault.sale on a push-cart without having themproperly covered to protect them fromHe undoubtedly had to uphold the enforcementof a wise sanitary provision,flies and dust. Mrs. Samuels had no intentionand in fining Mrs. Samuels the small sumof doing wrong, and was only of two dollars he had every reason to be­striving to make a little money for the lieve that she could pay it easily and withoutsupport of her five young children. Butembarrassment. The fault, if faultthere was no gainsaying the fact that she there be, lies with a system which permitshad glaringly violated the provisions ofour "Sanitary Code," and it became incumbenton the officers of the law to bringa woman ignorant of our laws and ourways to be led off to jail without a morecareful study of her circumstances andher to book for her offense. Accordingly without affording her an opportunity toshe was haled to the nearest police court,and was duly arraigned before Judge A.,meet her fine in some other way than byremaining a night in prison.one of the magistrates of our great city. So Mrs. Samuels spent twenty-fourNow there is no judge upon our bench hours as "a guest of the city," and thenmore conscientious and humane than returned to the bosom of her family. TheJudge A., but in a case of this kind he had case was marked "closed" on the docketsno alternative save to impose a small fine of the police court, and closed it wouldupon Mrs. Samuels. Unfortunately she have been for all of us, but for Mrs. Samuels'sson, didn't have two dollars to pay, and so,Harry.115

116 A Recruit for Law and OrderOf his feeling and concern over hismother's arrest, I must let him speak inhis own words, for a few days later JudgeA. was both amazed and concerned toreceive the following letter:NEW YORK CITY,October 30th.DEAR JUDGE A.:Before I begin my tale, I want to tellyou who I am, so that you will understandme better. I am the son of a womannamed Sarah Samuels, whom you sentenced,on Monday, Oct. 29th, to one dayin the Tombs for trying to make anhonest living nowadays, and help support5 children, the oldest of which am I, 15years of age, who quit high school lastyear in 4th term in order to go to workand support myself. I have been travelingfrom one job to another and havestruck something respectable at present.I am earning 7 hard dollars a week whichcan hardly support myself at the presentrate of life's necessities. You sentencedmy mother yesterday at about 10 A. M.to 24 hrs. in prison, for what? Couldn'tshe have made more use of her time attendingto her little bit of business andto her beloved children, and not havethem suffer for 24 hrs., crying and sufferingfrom the lack of food? Why,—is itnot bad enough that they don't getenough nourishing food when theirmother is at home ? No ! you don't realizethe present needs and the situation ofthe East Side! You don't know anddon't care what is happening in theBloody East Side!, for if you would know,,you would not have sentenced a poorwoman who does everything in her powerto make an Honest Living and not commitany crime, to help support her starvingchildren, just because she has no $2 togive not only you, but her children. Herlife and her children's lives is a miserableone. Do you know that ? No, you don't,—you are made of iron. You have nofeelings about you. You have no senseof humanity. You are a deadly enemy toyour own friends and countrymen. Youwant the East Side to help in this war bytreating them so good as you do. Ah! ifI were only old enough to come near youpeople, you who live in luxury, in beautifulcastles built by us, I would make youlook like 2$ in an ash can, but I am tooyoung and also have too much worry ofmy future. I have too much to strugglefor: But I will avenge this crime, whichyou bestowed on my poor mother. I willmake revenge ring free; and if you liveuntil I get old enough, I am going tomake you suffer for putting my motherin such a thing as a cell, a horrible cell, ashameful cell—in a place she never hasbeen in or seen before. I will avenge thiscrime of yours, this inhuman crime. Iwill make you suffer for this, for my heartis full of grief and pains. What has shedone to be put there. I ask you for humanity'ssake? You dare call yourselfa Judge of the people when a wild cur canbe a good substitute! You arrested herfor selling fish in the disgraceful marketsof the East Side, and you claim with theproof of a profound policeman, who isworse than a Bowery Bum that she hadher fish uncovered. What then, in thename of God Almighty could she havedone in order to sell her fish and make alittle profit for her family. She has togive her children food. By God, its adisgrace, an uncomely disgrace to herselfand her family. You and lots of otherrich dogs are the cause of these events.Why don't you go to the Rockfellers, theMorgans, the Murphys and all the othersand tell them to give the poor a decentliving wage so that they should not haveto sell fish and the like. Why don't yougo to Wall St., and tell those Blood Suckersof the poor to sell food at a reasonableprice so that the poor should have achance to live ? No, you don't and won'tdo that because you are getting petty graftfor it. You would rather put a woman,a mother of children, in jail for tryingto make an honest living, than to prosecutethe people who are the cause of the presentcrisis. But let me tell you, as I saidbefore, I am young, only 15 yrs. of age,but when I grow older, I am going topronounce Humanity in the name of Godafter I am avenged for my mother, andhelp this country be free. Oh! if I onlyhad the time I would tell you a whole lotmore, but this is my lunch hour and mytime is up. But before I close, I want toadvise you to try to mend these circumstancesand dealings you give the peddlers,for remember every dog has his day.

You won't live in luxury all the time.There is a God above who is running thisearth and he is watching you patiently.I never wrote a letter to any of your kind,for committing such a crime as you havecommitted last Monday, but now I ambeginning to feel the pain. I am beginningto learn in this supposed to be freecountry, and if anything similar occurs inmy family once more, I am going to advertiseit not only thru the press but willwrite to the Governor, the President andothers in Society. I am going to teachthe people and the guilty ones what andhow a common human being should betreated. My life has just begun, but itseems to me I know too much from thestart. If you wish to die a peaceful death,don't commit such a crime again, don'tforget that there is a God in Heaven.Give the Poor a chance, a living chance,let them live while they do and I can assureyou of a high appreciation, a cleancountry, and Government Respectful.Take this advice from a youngster whodid a great deal of suffering.From a Heartbroken Mother's SonWhose Name isA Recruit for Law and Order 117HARRY.Long Live LibertyandFreedom.Over this letter Judge A. pondered longand seriously. His first impulse, I think,was to disregard it altogether, but afterconsidering the matter from every pointof view he finally concluded that for thesake of the boy himself, as well as thecommunity at large, action of some sortshould be taken. But Judge A.'s ownhands were tied, for in his letter Harryhad given his age as 15 and consequentlythe only tribunal which had the power orright to discipline him for his offense insending such a letter was the Children'sCourt.So it was that the problem of HarrySamuels's heartburnings and resentments,letters, documents, and all, was handedover to me for such solution as I mightbe able to find, and to mend or mar accordingto the treatment which I mightapply. Judge A., in transmitting thematter to me, said that he did not wantto suggest any particular course of action,and that he would be satisfied withwhatever I saw fit to do in the case. Heemphasized the fact that he did not wishto prosecute the boy, and that his wholeidea in pressing the matter was for thepurpose of endeavoring to bring the boy,as he put it, "into a more enlightenedand harmonious relation with society."In the Children's Court of New YorkCity we are confronted daily with problemsof every sort and description, so weare more or less used to dealing with theunusual and unexpected, but I must confessthe case of Harry Samuels presenteda novel and perplexing situation. I thoroughlyagreed with Judge A. that anyone sending such an abusive letter shouldbe disciplined, yet I realized that by arrestingthe boy and dragging him throughthe courts, as his mother had been, Ishould be defeating the very end whichhe had in view.What I finally did was to issue a summonsdirecting Harry to come to theChildren's Court and explain his conduct.A summons is simply a notice in legalform telling a person that the judge wouldlike to see him in regard to some complaint,and does not in any way affectthe record of the person to whom it issent. In response to that summonsHarry came to the court, and so we metfor the first time.I don't think either Harry or I willforget that meeting for some time tocome. I happened to be sitting thatmorning in the smaller of our two courtrooms,where I am in the habit of hearingour continued and probation cases. It isa room of singular beauty and of quietdignity, but small enough to carry an airof friendliness and of intimacy. It containsno bench but, instead, a table andsome comfortable chairs grouped aroundinformally.When Harry entered there were onlytwo others present, the clerk and thestenographer. The boy glanced at meand then around the room. A look akinto amazement came over him, and it waseasy to see that his preconceived ideasas to courts and court-rooms were receivingsomewhat of a shock.I waited for an instant to let the impressionsink in, and then began:"Harry Samuels, I have a good deal totalk to you about this morning, and I am

118 A Recruit for Law and Orderafraid I have not got nearly as much timeto do it in as I should like. But thereare two things I want you to understandclearly in the beginning. In the firstplace, in writing that letter to Judge A.,you committed two offenses, for either ofwhich you might have been arrested. Tosend a threatening and abusive letter toany one is a violation of the law, but tosend one to a judge about a case which hehas tried, makes you liable for contemptof court as well. In that letter you accusedJudge A. several times of committinga crime; you threatened him morethan once, and you said that he tookpetty graft for deciding his cases. Thosewere not fair or decent things to write,and you must realize the seriousness ofwhat you have done. But neither JudgeA. nor myself wanted to have you arrestedwithout giving you an opportunity ofcoming here and talking the thing over.That is why I merely sent for you on asummons, which will in no way countagainst you in the future, instead of issuinga warrant for your arrest by the police.The second thing which I want to say toyou is, that I think I understand your feelingof sorrow and grief over your mother'simprisonment. Any boy with a spark ofspirit and affection would have felt terriblyabout it. Only, your sentiment,which up to a certain point did youcredit, was no justification for writingsuch a letter as that and for saying suchfalse and foolish things. By the way,Judge A. wanted me to tell you that henever had any idea that your mothercould not pay the two dollars, and thathad he known about your family he probablywould have remitted the fine altogether."Now, Harry, as I said, there is a lotI want to talk-and ask you about," andI motioned him to an adjoining chair."What do you think of the law requiringfish to be covered on the push-cart ? Doyou think it a good or a poor rule?"It would take a long time to describein detail all of our conversation thatmorning. We debated the fish law fromevery point of view, and Harry concededthat his own East Side was heartily infavor of its enforcement to protect themselvesfrom ptomaines and disease. Wediscussed the fairness of many of thepoints which he had mentioned in hisfamous letter, and even Harry had tosmile when I asked him to show me those"castles of luxury" in which he allegedwe judges lived. Then we talked of therespect and loyalty due to those who hadbeen chosen as representatives of thepeople, and I told him some stories of thestruggles which certain men in great positionshad passed through on their way tosuccess. At my request Harry told mesomething of his own hardships and ofhis efforts to gain an education. "Justto think, Judge," he said, "I had to leavehigh school in the fourth term. I don'tknow why I should have had the badluck to be cheated out of graduation.""That must have been mighty hard,"I replied, "but a good many men havesucceeded without ever having seen ahigh school. How about Abraham Lincoln?""That's right," he reflected; "I guess Ihaven't been so unlucky after all."We discussed his future plans and whatit meant to become a loyal, useful, andservice-giving citizen of this great republic,our common country.But, as we talked, I could notice all thetime a look of wonder in his face. Thequestion evidently kept constantly recurringto him: "Is this a court? Isthis the way an offender is handled?Why have I been told that people likeme have no chance for fair treatment orjustice?" Never during our interviewdid he falter or break down. Never didhe hesitate to express his own views nor,on the other hand, to acknowledge hismistakes whenever he saw that his conclusionswere wrong, but more than oncegreat tears stole down his cheeks, and Iwas glad, for they were not symbols ofgrief but rather tokens of appreciationfor the sympathy and understandingwhich had been given him.Finally, I told him that I had but onemore suggestion to offer, and that wasthat he should write a letter of apology,or of explanation at least, to Judge A."Harry," I said, "I don't want you towrite such a letter under a threat or becauseof fear of what I might do. Noletter sent under those conditions wouldbe worth the paper it was written on. Asfar as I am concerned, I am finished with

A Recruit for Law and Order 119this case, and you are going free the' house for $5 a week, pulling a push cartminute you leave this room. You have overloaded with printed matter, for 15my solemn promise that I shall not punish and 20 blocks. I was merely a kid then.you even if you tell me now to my face I used to come home overworked andthat you won't write the letter. But if used to lie to my mother that it was ayou are the boy I think you are, your fine job. After 2 months work, I wasown self-respect and sense of honor and forced to return to school for I was notfair play will make you do it."14 years of age yet. When my 14th birthdaydawned I felt I was the happiestHarry got up from his chair and cametoward me. "Judge,"'he said, "I've fello on earth. That day was in Augustsimply got to write that letter. Even a year ago. I lost no time in getting myif you tried to, you couldn't stop me. working papers. From that day I managedHere's my hand on it."And with that pledge we parted.Harry's word was as good as his bond,to get along a trifle better with theaid of $6 or $7 a week, but still I was inhard luck, for the high cost of living camefor a few days later he made his apology along, and there I went. Last May Ito Judge A. in the following form: decided to enter school for the study ofCivil Engineering, my greatest ambition.I received information from the same,that one must be 16 years of age in orderNEW YORK CITY,Nov. ioth.HON. JUDGE A.,Magistrate's Court,New York City.My dear Judge:I am asking you to forgive me for writingthat insulting letter to you about twoweeks ago, which caused you much annoyance.But you can picture yourselfin my place on Monday, two weeks ago.In order that you know whom I am, Iwill tell you something of my life. In thefirst place I have suffered all my life,thru want of good, descent clothes anda respectable living home. During mycourse in Public School I suffered immenselybecause I was small and did notknow much about life. But I did mywork efficiently, although I felt ashamedof myself on seeing so many boys dressednice, and had to wear torn old clothes.They used to carry 25c pieces in theirpockets, while I scarcely had a penny andsometimes made a job here and there forSC. I loved school then and still do now.After graduating, I went to High Schoolwhere I felt disgraced entirely. I couldnot have gone to work, for I was only12^ years of age. For one year I advancedcourageously and successfully inthat school, but my third term I was adowncast. I thought that times wouldbe better, but in vain. At the end of thefirst month of my third term, I decidedto leave which I did. I went out for ajob without any working papers, andwas overjoyed to strike one in a printingto take the entrance examinations. WellI have to go to some school to preparefor the examinations, therefore, I am attendinga Prep School and am payingfifty hard earned dollars for 1 year. Iexpect to take the examinations for myengineering course in September. In themeantime I have been doing a great dealof suffering but no one knows it. I tryto shine up with a nice shirt, etc., but Iam just like a red apple with a worm inside.Since lately, I have been going towork without breakfast, and with scarcelymuch dinner, for you know how muchgood a restaurant can give nowadays for$.15. The day my mother was arrestedhappened to be one of those non-breakfastdays, and when I arrived home with anempty stomach to find my mother arrested,and not a bit of supper for me,and my little sisters and brothers cryingfor mama, you can just imagine how Ifelt.I could not help writing that letter, formy heart was too full of grief to saynothing. But after I wrote it, the realizationfirst came to me that I had made agreat mistake. Therefore, I ask you toexcuse me for the wrong I have done you.You can have my friendship now andever, and at the same time I want to haveyours. I wish to thank you for the goodmeans which you used in bringing me toCourt. I also would like you to send methe name of the judge who took up mycase for I must thank him more than any-

120 A Recruit for Law and Orderone else for the good he has this day doneto me. I am sending you my best wishesand beloved friendship.Hoping that you will accept my apologywith great amity, I remain,Sincerely yours,(SDG) HARRY SAMUELS.Judge A. was not to be outdone byHarry in courtesy, and he answered himin a spirit of generous friendship:CITY OF NEW YORKCITY MAGISTRATES' COURTS.Nov. 14th.MY DEAR HARRY:I was overjoyed to receive your letterof a few days ago. It has given me asmuch pleasure as your first one causedme distress and bewilderment. Moreover,what is especially gratifying to meis that I can plainly see from the tone ofyour letter that it is written in full andfree sincerity.I had hoped all along that your firstletter to me had not been written wickedlyand from a bad heart, but rather frommisunderstanding and it was because ofthis hope as much as from any desire topunish that I sent the letter to JudgeHoyt.Your recital of your struggles and disappointmentmakes it all quite clear tome, but if you had given yourself up tobitterness and hatred it could hardly becalled a victory for you. As it is, I amsure you are destined to succeed and tomake a good citizen.I am still regretful for the imprisonmentI forced your mother to undergo,and for the pain it brought to her family.As stated by Judge Hoyt, had it beenbrought to my attention that she hadlittle children at home I should havetried to be lenient as I almost invariablyam in such cases.It is not always an easy thing to be amagistrate and to promote public welfarethrough enforcing the laws when so doingfalls harshly upon some unfortunate offender.Your mother's offense may inone way seem to be trifling, and it is notalways that we can get at the real truth.Most of us try to do our best and withthousands of cases to try yearly and sometimesmore than a hundred in a day wemust sometimes make mistakes, seemharsh or otherwise unjust.I am going to show Judge Hoyt yourletter and talk to him about you, andexpress to him my pleasure at what hehas done in your case.In the meantime rest assured that youhave my entire forgiveness and it goeswithout saying that I hope I have yours.With best wishes, I am,Sincerely yours,(Signed) A.To Mr. Harry Samuels,New York City.P. S. Come to see me at the 7th DistrictMagistrates' Court one week fromSunday, say, about ten thirty in themorning, sending in your name to theCourt Attendant.This last letter closes the official recordof the case. I might go on and tell howHarry and his mother have been succeedingin their struggles, of his plans for obtainingthe technical education for whichhe has been striving, and of the friendlyconfidence with which he seeks adviceand counsel from Judge A. and myself,but such matters are of personal interestonly and form no part of our court proceedings.I do not think that Mrs. Samuels nowregrets that one night in prison, eventhough it entailed upon her a certainamount of unnecessary suffering. For,after all, it led through devious and unexpectedcircumstances to a happy consummation.We all have gained somethingin consequence: Mrs. Samuels,through the acquisition of new-foundfriends; Judge A. and myself, throughthe deeper knowledge and broader understandingwhich this experience has givenus, and Harry, through a clearer conceptionof his duties and responsibilities asa unit of society and as a prospectivecitizen.Harry and I both think it would be agood thing to tell this story to the public.The boy believes sincerely, and I heartilyagree with him, that his experience mayteach something to those who fail tograsp the purpose of our law and whoare accustomed to rail against its enforcementin a shallow and blatant fashion.

The Point of View 121Harry often smiles, though in a shamefacedway, when he thinks of that firstletter of his, and he wonders where hepicked up those thoughts and phraseswhich he tossed off so readily. It is notdifficult, however, to know where hefound them, for the world just now is fullof such things. In these days of socialupheaval and of readjustment of the oldorder, there are many who believe asHarry did once, that our established institutionsare but forms of slavery, andthat vice and greed and inhumanity controltheir administration. But Harrynow knows better than this. He haslearnt for himself that kindliness, commonsense, and humane justice can existside by side with the enforcement of lawand order. He has rediscovered in hisown way that fundamental and eternaltruth which it has taken the world somany years to learn, through bitter experienceand much tribulation: that humansociety, to exist and progress, mustbe governed by certain settled rules ofconduct, and that while such laws maybe constantly altered and improved, todisobey them and raise the flag of anarchywould remove every protection forthe individual and hurl the whole worldback into a state of lawlessness and utterchaos.THE POINT OF VIEWHAVING said my say, with the heatthat I considered proper to the subject,I looked at my friend for herassent. We were talking, I think, about theway in which pianos are sold on the instalmentplan to the poor. Certainly it wassomething vital, and I had a rightto feel deeply. My friend wasbending upon me a glance which Ifound baffling until she remarked, as heronly answer to my eloquence: "Oh, myThe RetortProphylacticdear! I do hope you will get a good sleepto-night. You have seemed so tired all thetime lately!" The remark hit my spiritmuch as a bath of hydrogen peroxide mightattack a noisome pestilence; I seethed andboiled inwardly, unable to trust myself towords in the face of my friend's kind solicitude.The reader will see at once that my friendis a broad-minded person, thoroughlymodern in her point of view. She wouldhave made as gentle a retort if I had beenangry with her personally, rather than witha commercial abuse. Indeed, once after Ihad commented upon a perfectly absurdpiece of self-sacrifice that she had indulgedin, she did advise me to consult a physician.She is too broad-minded by half. She isviewing me as dispassionately as if I were acollection of frogs retained by a laboratoryto furnish muscular twitchings for the worldof science, and in that case, as in this, shewould safeguard the experiment by usingthe most humane methods.But in seeing only a physical reason formy explosion, my friend disposed of my soulas entirely irrelevant. If I really misbehaved,my sense of guilt would seem to me,even in my lowest moments, a richer contributionto human progress than a thousandjerks of a strictly unprejudiced frog.No indignation that is morally neligible isequal to the demands of a situation that, inits nature, is either righteous or unrighteous.How would the perversities of life get theirdues if no one ever flew out upon them withanything more emphatic than a laboratoryreaction ?One can admit in a general way that oneseldom gets angry or depressed except whentired; but the particular instance is alwaysspecial. For every actual case of moodinessqr temper, I find myself provided withthe best and most irresistible of motives.My anger is invariably a righteous indignation;my depression is the only dignifiedway of meeting a cosmic evil. I can bearto be blamed and told that I have no rightto inflict my feelings on other people; whatI cannot endure is the.gentle pin-prick whichreduces my moral principles to the flatness

122 The Point of Viewof a broken bubble. The friend who, wheneverI appear out of sorts, wishes to sweepmy temperament into the hospital, whosends me a box of flowers, or suggests that Itake a vacation, deserves no more affectionthan a thermometer.If my ill-temper is to be credited tofatigue-toxins, what shall we say of my usualsweetness of disposition ? Is that also to besubtracted from the sum of virtues that Ihabitually regard as my true self? Innovels as well as in real life I find some indicationsthat wives are accustomed toanalyze their husbands according to such amechanistic theory. They present theirmilliners' bills, we understand, after an uncommonlygood dinner; and they show adisposition to wrap an irritable spouse insublimated liniment, or to send him off for agame of golf. But the clever wife undoubtedlydisguises her prophylactic measures,and suppresses the retort that would reducea husband's soul to the level of an unlubricatedmotor.My broad-minded friend calls herselfsympathetic. But her sympathy, whichshe defines as " an understanding of the conditionsfrom which difficulties arise," alwaysseems a little insulting. Like phylacteriesand other amulets, which must sometimeshave been more troublesome than the evileye itself, this so-called "understanding"may become the most obnoxious of safeguards.What we want from our earthlycompanions is fellow-feeling, with all tracesof omniscience left out.Even this fellow-feeling has its dangers.The woman who spilled half her coffee in onenervous jerk, at breakfast, when her husbanddropped an egg which he was holdingaloft by way of explaining an opinion, illustratedonly too well the evils of the sympatheticstrike. This time, it was the coffee,not the deftly rescued egg, which spoiled theappearance of the breakfast-table. Anotherkind of sympathy has the efficacy of soothingsyrup, and has also its dangerous narcoticpower. But sympathy of an unsophisticatedkind may claim, after all, its chanceto maintain the dignity of human nature.It remains as true now as it has alwaysbeen in the past, that the dignity of humannature must be buttressed from without ifits inner vaulting is to hold itself intact.We must be believed in; we demand bothof God and of our fellow men the respectthat is accorded to a soul as distinguishedfrom a machine. Most of all we demandfrom ourselves some saving grace of deferencetoward the personality that moveswithin us.The superstition with which people onceknelt before the shrine of a saint remainsalive, although the fashion of our beliefs hasadvanced, as Bernard Shaw reminds us,from the idea of seven deadly sins and sevenchampions of Christendom, to a preoccupationwith nothing less numerous than amillion of microbes. "Sevens and angelsare out of fashion, and billions and streptococciare all the rage." If nowadays oursuperstitions carry us to the sanitarium, wemay fail there to learn various truths aboutlife that were entirely familiar to the saintof the elder day. They are indefinite matters,perhaps, and not easily scheduled;but they tend to simplify the personalproblem by giving it more meaning ratherthan less. There is such a thing as killinghuman aspirations with a germicide.And so, while I meekly follow the adviceof my strong-minded friend, and betakemyself to a rest-cure, I do still maintain thatthe man or the woman who accepts the retortprophylactic as an ultimatum, is securingpeace without honor.SOMETIMES I think that the subconsciouswas discovered just at the momentwhen the human spirit revoltedagainst the modern habit of explaining allits reactions by reference to a manual of hygiene.But the subconscious self is nolonger a dark and unexplored caveof the winds. We have alreadyreached the point of introducingpublicity into its recesses, as a cure forhalf its dangers; and if it still has morethe manner of a munition-factory than ofthe safe-deposit vault for which it has alwaysbeen used by reticent people, thepsychiatrists are working hard to equip itwith the most effective safety appliancesthat can be provided for explosive situations.Conscience andthe SubconsciousThe dentist tells me that his patients aredivided into two classes: those who howland those who wince. He prefers those whohowl. The wincing people are probablythose who are inclined to tuck unpleasantexperiences away into subconsciousness;they are old-fashioned enough to regard

their souls as their own. Publicity is thegreat modern substitute for conscience. Itundoubtedly has its uses within the individualmind, and we ignore them at our peril.A terrifying incident of one's childhood, resolutelyforgotten by what would seem acommendable effort of self-control, maywork its revenge in some strange and compromisingperformance of an over-tiredbrain years afterward, or in lifelong stammering,or some other inability to adjustoneself to the difficulties of ordinary existence.All that is needed is publicity, thehowl in place of the wince. The psychiatristdevotes all his powers to finding thatlost but potent experience, and to puttingit back among our every-day consciousthoughts, so that it may be handled as asimple matter of fact.Simple matter of fact is, however, thevery last guise in which we wish to see ouremotions exhibiting themselves. Evencomplex matter of fact will not content us.A six-year old friend of mine, possessor of afine mechanical doll, flew into a fit of passionone day, and in answer to her mother'spacifying admonitions, sobbed contemptuously:"I'm not a clockwork toy." Shewas voicing the protest that arises from theinner layer of mysticism in every one of us.Even as children we suffer from the indignityof seeing the cause of our unhappinessignored, while our vehemence is treated aspathological.If our vices and our virtues are taken outof us, and treated as interesting manifestationsof our diet and our rest and exercise,where are we, when all is said and done ?We have heard altogether too much aboutthe physical basis of the higher life. Ourdreams have long since been tethered bythe scientists to our bodily functions. Weare now hoping against hope that we mayretain some shreds of the visions and revelationsthat have, in our happy and uninstructedpast, set our spirits free from thelimitations of the flesh.We demand a personal conscience. Nodeposit of the racial conscience which istucked away in our subconscious naturescan suffice for the needs of the man whofeels himself to be an individual sinner andwho looks hopefully forward to a day whenhe may become righteous on his own account.The truly modern person perhaps oughtThe Point of View 123to admit that instead of acting as the Captainof his Soul, he sees that the office is beingfilled by a coalition of his nerves andhis digestion and a few other bodily arrangements.But in the moment of the admissionhe must rebel, or that soul of his willnever advance toward any victory.USED to envy chess-players. Now Iplay. My method of learning the gamewas unprincipled. I learned the movesfrom the encyclopaedia, the traditions from" Morphy, On Chess," and the practice fromplaying with another novice as audacious asI. Later, finding some people whocould really play, I clove to themuntil they taught me all that Icould grasp. My ultimate ambition is, Isuppose, the masterly playing of the game.Its austere antiquity rebukes the mildestamateur into admiration. I therefore strive,and wistfully aspire. Meanwhile, however,I am enjoying the gay excitement of the unskilledplayer.There is nobody like the hardy apprenticefor getting pleasure out of chess. We findcertain delights which no past master canknow; pleasures exclusively for the novice.Give me an opponent not too haughty formy unworthy steel, one who may perhapsforget to capture an exposed bishop of mine,an opponent who, like me, will know theearly poetry of mad adventure and thequiet fatalism of unexpected defeat. Withthis opponent I will engage to enjoy threethings which, to Mr. Morphy, immortalityitself shall not restore—three things: afresh delight in the whimsical personality ofthe various chessmen; the recklessness ofuncertainty and of unforeseen adventure;the unprecedented thrill of checkmating myopponent by accident.Mr. Morphy, I admit, may perhaps haveretained through life a personal appreciationof the characters of the pieces: theconservative habits of the king; the politic,sidelong bishop; the stout little roundheadpawns. But since his forgotten apprenticeshiphe has not known theirmany-sided natures. To Mr. Morphy theylong since became subject—invariably calculable.With a novice, the men and womenof the chess-board regain their individualityand their Old World caprices, their mediaevalgreatness of heart. Like Aragon andthe Plantagenets, they have magnificentThe AmateurChessman

124 The Point of Viewleisure for the purposeless and aimless quest.The stiff, kind, circular eyes of my simpleboxwood knight stare casually about him ashe goes. Irresponsibly he twists among hisenemies, now drawing rein in the crosscountrypath of an angry bishop, now blowinghis horn at the very drawbridge of theking. And it is no cheap impunity that hefaces in his errant hardihood. My opponentseldom lapses. My knights often die in harness,all unshriven. That risk lends unfailingzest. Most of all, I love my gentle horsemen.My opponent, too, has her loyalties,quixotic and unshaken. Blindly, one evening,I imperilled my queen. Only the opposingbishop needed to be sacrificed to captureher. The spectators were breathless ather certain fate. But my opponent sets highvalue upon her stately bishop. Rather thisman saved for defense than risked for such acaptive, feminist though she be, and queen.With ecclesiastical dignity the bishop withdrew,and my queen went on her tranquilway.Of all the men, the king reveals himself'least readily. A non-committal monarchat best. At times imperial and menacing,my king may conquer, with goodly backingfrom his yeomen and his chivalry. Sometimes,again, like Lear, he is no longer terriblein arms, his royal guard cut down.And at his death he loves always to sendurgently for his bishop, who is solacing,though powerless to save.All this is typical of our second pleasure,the exhilaration of incautious and unpremeditatedmoves. Inexplicable, for example,this pious return of the outboundbishop at the last battle-cry of the king. Attimes, however, a move may well-be wastedto the end that all may happen decently andin order. My opponent shares with me thisrespect for ceremony. Together we lamentthe ruins when a lordly castle falls. Ouratrocities are never heartless; we neverrecriminate.My opening moves, in general, are characterizedby no mean regard for consequences.Let my men rush forth to the edgeof the hostile country. Once there, therewill be time enough to peer about and reconnoitreand see what we shall see. Meanwhile,the enemy is battering gloriously atmy postern-gate, but at least the fight is on !Part of our recklessness in these openingmoves consists in our confidential revelationsto each other of all our plans and disquietingproblems."This needn't worry you at present," Iremark, planting my castle on an irrationalcrag. "I'm only putting it there in case."That saves much time. My opponentmight otherwise have found it necessary towaste long minutes in trying to fathom theunknowable of my scheme. Without thiscompanionable interchange chess is the mostlonely of human experiences. There yousit, a being solitary and unsignalled—apoint of thought, a mere centre of calculation.You have no partner. All the worldis cancelled for the time, except, perchedopposite you, another hermit intellect implacablyestranged and sinister. Oh, no!As yet we discuss our plots.Poor journeymen players of the royalgame! Strange clews to character appeararound the friendly chess-board. There isthe supposedly neutral observer of the game,who must murmur warnings or lament theill-judged moves; without him, how wouldlife and chess be simplified ? There is thestout-hearted player who refuses to resignthough his defeat is demonstrably certain,but continues to jog about the board, eludingactual capture; in life, would he resign?There is the player who gives little shrieksat unexpected attacks; the player who explainshis mistakes and what he had intendedto do instead; the player who makesno sign whether of gloating or of despair.Most striking of all is the behavior of allthese when they face the necessity of playingagainst the handicap of past mistakes;a wrong move may never be retracted bythe thoroughbred. No apology, no retracingof the path; we must go on as if the consequenceswere part of our plan. It lures toallegory, this checkered board, these joustsand far crusades.Then, on to checkmate, the most perfecttype of utter finality, clear-cut and absolute.Shah-mat! Checkmate ! The king is dead.In most conclusions there is something leftragged; something still in abeyance, in reserve.Here, however, is no shading, nobalancing of the scales. We win, not bymajority, as in cards; success or failure isunanimous. There was one ballot, and thatis cast. No matter how ragged the playingthat went before, the end of a game of chessis always perfect. It satisfies the spirit.Always at last comes contentment of soul,though it be our king that dies.

THE FIELD OF ARTTHE DEVASTATED ART OF FRANCEBY A. KTNGSLEY PORTERSpecial Commissioner of the French Government andthe Commission des Monuments HistoriquesIMY first impression of the mediaevalart of France, I think, and I am' quite certain the one that subsequentlystamped itself most indelibly uponmy mind, was a feeling of delight (not,however, I confess,entirely untingedwith bewildermentandeven fatigue) at itsinexhaustibility.Inexhaustibility, Imean, not only inthe thought hiddenbeneath thoughtartistic, mystic andpoetic in everycreated thing, butin the sheer quantityof the masterworksthat, havingdefied the sacrilegioushands of blindiconoclasm andeven blinder restoration,still, untilyesterday, preservedto us essentiallyunaltered themediaeval vision inits serenity and inits exaltation.Indeed, the MiddleAges showeredupon France artistic creativeness with a prodigalitythe twentieth century in its dulnesswould scorn as wasteful; for in those daysmen perceived, what we do not, that thelamp of sacrifice in art is not lighted in vain.And it was precisely upon just those portionsof the Soissonnais and neighboringregions now laid waste that Gothic artstruck deepest and most prolific root. Itsblossoms, it is true, were often seen by fewappreciative eyes, at least in modern, moredegenerate, days; yet their sweetness wasVOL.LXVI.—IONoyon Cathedral.Noyon has been consecrated with fire. But the soulof the cathedral still lives.not lost. And even from their smokingruins, as from the funeral-pyre of thephoenix, there arises an incense which shall,I like to think, one day renew the youth ofarchitecture. For a sin-stained world and asin-stained art, redeemed by the holocaustof what was loveliest and what was best,ma>' now, it seems, and if they will—but thetragedy of that if!—exchange their shacklesof materialism for wings of imagination.Even Italy, inher moments andprovinces of mostintense artistic production,has hardlyflowed over withsuperaboundingjoy in creation asdid mediaevalFrance. Aside fromthe great abbeysand cathedrals,known to everyone, each villageand each hamlet ofnorthern Francepossessed a church,and this church wascommonly of realartistic value. Itwas, moreover,very rare that itdid not containsome object of artof striking beauty—an altarpiece ora painting or astatue or stainedglassor a tomb-stone or a bit of wood-carving or a bell orwrought ironwork. I have often sympathizedwith Didron, who was one of thefirst to attempt to explore the mediaeval artof the country districts. He was commissionedby the government in the first halfof the nineteenth century to compile themonumental statistics for the departementof the Marne. He returned at the end of thetime allotted to him in comic despair, obligedto report to his superiors that despite themost assiduous efforts he had been able to125

126 The Field of Artcover only the arrondissement of Reims, orabout one-third of the district assigned tohim. He visited one hundred and eightycommunes; of these he found only twentywhich were without monuments of artisticinterest. He counted eight hundred statuesof which he considered two hundred remarkablefrom the standpoint of art, and four orfive hundred of historical interest. Whenit is remembered that in this catalogue thecathedral of Reims, which alone is said tohave contained some two thousand statues,is excluded; that no account is taken ofmany through the Peace Conference will beno easy task.The preparation of the bill is further complicatedby the happy circumstance thatby no means all art in the invaded provinceshas been destroyed. Of the movable objectsundoubtedly a very considerable numberhave survived. In the regions occupiedby the Germans, the pillaging was characteristicallysystematic. Government expertspicked out objects of superior value,which were carried off apparently to regularlyconstituted depots. There will probablyPoilly (Marne).In general it is in the country churches, rather than the great cathedrals,that the loss has been heaviest.paintings and stained-glass; nor of theminor arts; nor of objects in private possession;that the departement of the Marnecontains two other arrondissements, bothnearly as rich as that of Reims; and thatthe German invasion affected in all fourteendepartements, some idea can be formedof the amount of art destroyed in France.Didron was obliged to relinquish the projecthe had formed of compiling a catalogueof the works of art in the arrondissement ofReims. It was too long a task for an individual.The labor was undertaken someyears later by the Academy of Reims. Fourof the best scholars of Champagne devotedthemselves for thirty years to compiling alist of the monuments of the Marne. At theoutbreak of the war their work was lessthan half finished. Obviously the preparationof an itemized bill to present to Gerbeno serious difficulty in obtaining the restitutionof this class of objects; but howlarge it is, or how carefully the works wereprotected, is up to the present unknown.Many other objects were carried off by individualGermans to their homes, or sold.A distinguished collector of Fere-en-Tardenoisreturned to his chateau after the invasion.His paintings were still in position,but in the corner of the frame of each was thevisiting card and address of a German officer.The booty had been divided, when an unexpectedretreat had prevented the paintingsbeing shipped to their intended destination.In many other cases no such deus ex machinaintervened, and priceless treasures disappearedover the Rhine. Serious difficultiesmust be anticipated in such cases, but it ishoped that in at least some instances thestolen objects can be traced and recovered.

The Field of Art 127The French, through the activities of the The doors of the cathedral of BeauvaisCommission des Monuments Historiques, were removed to St.-Benigne of Dijon;succeeded in saving much. The invasion of the contents of the museum of Chantilly,1914 burst upon them so suddenly that including the Sassetta, were taken to thegreat damage was done before there was dormitory of the Benedictines in the sametime to take protective measures. It was city; that of Epinal went to Bourg and thethus, for example, that the sculptures of the furniture of Meaux to Fontaine Franchise.portal at Reims were destroyed. As soon, Many treasures of the Louvre were transportedto Toulouse. Thus a great deal ofhowever, as the prime necessities for nationaldefense had been provided for, the much value was rescued. Unfortunately,colossal work of evacuating and protecting the removal of art treasures often tended tothreatened works of art was undertaken. excite panic among the population of townsSculptures which could not be moved were from which they were taken, and for thisNoyon Cathedral.Noyon is injured, but still stands.covered with sand-bags. For movable objectsdepots were established at Abbeville,Chantilly, Dijon, Bourg, Thenissey, FontaineFrangaise, and elsewhere. Here werecollected and cared for objects belonging notonly to churches and museums, but also toindividuals. Stained-glass windows weredismounted, packed in boxes and transferredto safety. Thus were saved aboutone-half of the windows of the cathedral ofReims, which are at present safe in thecellar of the Pantheon at Paris. The ancientwindows of St. Denis were removedand so preserved, for the modern glass leftin the church was severely shattered by theexplosion of a powder-magazine near by.All the stained-glass windows in Paris, includingthose of the cathedral and Sainte-Chapelle, were taken down, and even thewindows of Chartres were dismounted as aprecaution. These are now being replaced.reason the process of evacuation could notalways be carried so far as desired.Even objects left in situ have not infrequentlysurvived pillage and bombardment.At Montbre, for example, the lovelytabernacle is entirely intact although thechurch is much damaged: and at Sacy thesculptures are similarly in perfect condition.When the ruins are cleared up many fragmentsand even intact works of art can certainlybe salvaged. Yet when all is told anddone the loss will still be appalling.The architecture itself—and this was themost precious, the most irreplaceable partof the artistic heritage of France—hassuffered even more. Obviously a Romanesquechurch could not be removed forsafety from the Soissonnais to Toulouse. Itis far easier to ascertain the extent of thedamage among churches than among themovable objects, but the magnitude of the

128 The Field of Artdisaster, the number of monuments in thewar-zone make precise statements precarious.Besides, the ruins possess so poignantan emotional quality that there is analmost unavoidable tendency to exaggeration.I was told the other day on excellentauthority that the Germans had preparedmines to blow up the Abbey of Ourscamp,and that the holes they had drilled in thecolumns for this purpose were clearly visible.I went at once to Ourscamp, and foundthe holes in question, which, however, hadbeen drilled over a century ago to receivethe choir-rail. Such false reports are unfortunate,since they tend to discredit theauthentic instances of atrocities that indubitablyexist. I have seen with my owneyes proof that the Germans, at the time oftheir retreat, did deliberately blow up thechurches of Boult-sur-Suippe, Heutregeville,and Betheniville, all of artistic importance.The zones of destruction are singularlyuneven. In general it is in the countrychurches, rather than in the great cathedrals,that the loss has been heaviest. It isclear that, with the exception of the cathedralof Reims, comparatively little irreparableharm was done in 1914. It is along thelines held for a long period between 1914and 1918 that the damage is most appalling.The bombardment seems to have increasedin intensity as the war went on. The armiescame to depend ever more upon heavy artilleryand to use it more recklessly. Eastof Reims, where the line was nearly stationaryfor four years, there remain of theformer villages only heaps of masonry.Even the sites of important churches, likeCernay-les-Reims, can hardly be determined.One hunts among formless heapsof stone until one finds a voussoir from a ribor a capital, then one knows one is standingwhere was once the church. The damagewas also heavy during the advance and retreatof the Germans in 1918, as for examplein the beautiful little church at Crezancy.In some places, like Dormans, the monumentsare as badly damaged as if they hadbeen fought over for four years. But thebands of destruction are more irregular.Occasionally one will find a church, or evena village, miraculously preserved whereeverything about has gone.Of the great cathedrals, Soissons is certainlythe most damaged. The westernbays of the nave are destroyed; the toweris riddled; the destruction of the flying buttresseshas gravely compromised the stabilityof the entire structure. It is a monumentevery lover of the beautiful will mournand mourn bitterly to the ending of time.Soissons was the virginal among cathedrals.The architecture of the nave had the flowinglines, the gracious curves, the purity of anivory madonna of the fourteenth century.It had, too, for all its vast scale, the delicacyof execution one associates with sculpturein miniature. The color, although it hadsuffered from barbarous modern scraping,was still the rich whiteness of ivory thatreally is not white at all but much more akinto gold; not the blatant bridal veil of theparvenu, but rare ancient lace, passeddown from marriage-chest to marriagechestthrough generations. The mouldingswere as dainty as the fingers of a girl; thecapitals fragrant as orange-blossoms. AndSoissons the inimitable, the bride, lies in ruin.Only the fairy-like south transept—perhapsthe most exquisite passage in architecturalart—has by a miracle escaped unscathed.Chance, if not the Germans, has beensomewhat kinder to Noyon. Noyon thesturdy, about whom the advancing and recedingwaves of battle ebbed and flowed,Noyon is injured, but still stands. This wasthe cavalier cathedral, as masculine in characteras Soissons was feminine. The exteriorhad the restraint of a man. Yet it was franktoo—not like the sophisticated eighteenthcentury which loves to mask behind thesame well-bred facade, the Ministry of Marine,the Hotel Crillon, and an automobilegarage; not like either those rococo buildingswhich in the manner of an oyster-shellcover with rugged grayness a pearly andfantastic lining; Noyon externally neitherbelies nor asserts the inner character.Across the grave dignity of the towers onefeels rather than sees not the power of bruteweight such as an earlier age exulted in, notthe incredible masses of Jumieges, but thepower of a light wrestler, with every muscleof the finest quality, trained and developedto the utmost. Noyon has been consecratedwith fire; holes have been broken in thevault, and the walls are scarred and torn ina thousand places. But the soul of thecathedral still lives and will always liveacross the centuries.A calendar of current art exhibitions will be found on page 4.

THEFINANCIAL SITUATIONTHE TERMS OF PEACEUNDER anything like ordinary conditionsan atmosphere of suspense,if not, indeed, of acute misgiving, wouldhave prevailed in the public mind and inthe financial markets, while the terms ofThe AttitudeofGermanyB Y A L E X A N D E R D A N A NOYESpeace submitted by the ParisConference were being consideredby the Germans.From Berlin came not onlyprotests against the terms but explicitpublic declarations, constantly reiteratedin the highest political quarters, thatGermany would not sign. Nobody venturedto predict what would follow outrightrefusal; but even the generals incommand of the Allied army of occupationwere recalled to their positions atthe front. Outwardly, all the signs of themoment seemed to indicate preparationfor that event.Yet, so far from reflecting apprehension,the Stock Exchange continued toexpress in the course of prices unshakenconfidence in the outcome. It is truethat the original terms of the Allies didnot evoke unanimous approval in thefinancial community. That, however,was not because the stipulations, territorialor financial, were regarded as undeservedlysevere, but because the outsidelimit of the money indemnity was notclearly stated. It seemed evident fromthe treaty's text that the commission appointedfor the purpose might reduce thestated amount from the hundred billionmarks named as the definite payment fordamages to civilian lives and property,and the German delegates, in their reply,appeared to concede that sum. But italso seemed that the commissioners mightincrease the sum. In that case, supposingthe power of increase to be unlimited,the German delegates who agreed to theterms without more definite limitationwould be virtually signing a blank checkin behalf of their constituents.'HIS gave some reason for qualifiedapproval of the German counterproposals;though certainly not of theirallegations as to responsibility for thewar or as to compensation for damagesfrom the blockade, norof their reiterated appeal toPresident Wilson's "fourteenAs to the" FourteenPoints "points." On this last insistentcontention, indeed, sentiment infinancial circles (as elsewhere) began verysoon to grow impatient. It had neededno long time to discover that the Germandelegateshad read into Mr. Wilson'sstipulations, for their government's ownadvantage, something which no one elsecould find in them. Throughout thecontroversy between Paris and Berlinthis outline of basic terms as set forth inthe President's speech of January, 1018,and as accepted by Germany in the armistice,was read over again with puzzledcuriosity as to how the German statesmenfound in the stipulations what they professedto find.Whoever thus re-read the speech alwaysdiscovered that, of the fourteenpoints, three had to do with Austria,Turkey, and the Italian frontier, and,therefore, had no reference to Germany.Six of them, stipulating reduction ofarmament, evacuation of Russia, Belgium,and the Balkans, return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, and of Polish Germanyto an independent Poland, thetreaty itself merely reiterated. Two ofthem, the "open covenants" and theLeague of Nations, were being manifestlyobserved. On one, the rule of navigationon the seas, our European allies had expresslyreserved judgment in the armistice.As to the two remaining stipulations,the matter of colonial claims hadbeen left by Mr. Wilson to be determined"in the interests of the populations concerned"as well as of other claimants, while129

130 The Financial Situationthe removal, "so far as possible," of economicbarriers was placed necessarily inthe hands of the League of Nations. Ontop of all, the Allies, in advance of thesigning of the armistice, had expressly laiddown as an ultimatum an indemnity forcomplete restitution and reparation forthe unlawful German depredations.LARGELY because of knowledge of' these facts, partly because of knowledgeof the German temperament, the attitudeof the financial community did notchange.Scope ofthe StockExchangeMovementDuring all the time in whichGermany's action was hangingin the balance, the extraordinarymovement on theAmerican Stock Exchange didnot slacken. The advance inprices up to the end of May carried theactive industrial shares to a level twentyor thirty points, in some cases sixty orseventy, above the low prices of the year,reached during January or February.Even railway shares, notwithstanding thefact that net earnings, owing to highercost of labor, were $250,000,000 less inthe first four months of 1919 than theamount guaranteed by the governmenton the basis of pre-war earnings for asimilar period, and notwithstanding uncertaintyas to conditions under which therailways would be returned to privateoperation, had moved up ten to fifteenpoints.In actual transactions on the StockExchange, the market reached a scale ofmagnitude only two or three timesequalled in the history of Wall Street.During April only seven full businessdays failed to exceed the traditional"million-share" mark of abnormal activity.During May there was no exception;twice the record closely approached twomillion shares, which it passed in June.Total transactions for the month of Maywere the third largest of any month in theStock Exchange's history. When it isobserved that the average number ofshares which changed hands in the samemonth of the past ten years was thirteenmillion shares, and that thirty-four millionwere sold on the floor of the Exchangein May of 1919, no one will wonder thatclerks of commission houses had to taketurns working overtime in relays, nightsand Sundays, merely to keep the booksof the firms posted to date.THERE are several considerationswhich have to be kept in mind, inorder properly to understand this extraordinarymovement. One of them isthat even the unusually prolonged andviolent advance of April andMay did not carry prices on StockMarket,the Stock Exchange as highNow andas those which were reached in 1916in war-time, but before ourcountry joined the conflict. There wereexceptions to this statement; but thestocks which went this spring above theirtop prices of 1916 were few in number,and subject to special influences. Sharesof the great United States Steel Corporation,on which much of the speculativeactivity converged, did not get this Maywithin twenty points of the high price ofNovember, 1916. Even after the rise ofApril and May a very great number ofthe active shares, notably those of therailways, were left well below the pricestouched in 1913 and 1912.In other words, the advance in pricesmight be considered as recovery reflectingprevious mistaken views of the situation,quite as reasonably as it might be consideredan advance from one high levelto another. This view of the matter isnot unimportant. It has at least somebearing on the reiterated argument thatwhat Wall Street has been witnessing isan "inflation market" pure and simple.If by "inflation market" people merelymean expansion in the volume of businessdone and in average values, as comparedwith some other selected date, then noone will dispute the fact; but it would beto beg the question. If it is meant thatcredit, as embodied in the country's bankloans, has been expanded to a very unusualdegree, then that assertion alsodeals with admitted facts. But if, on theother hand, the usual and traditionalmeaning is attached to the term "inflationmarkets"—namely, that prices of(Continued on page 58, following)Stock Exchange securities as well asprices of commodities have been advancedbecause of inflated or depreciated currencies—thenthe matter calls for closer examination.Our Federal Reserve notecurrency had increased something like

OVERSEAS TRADESOME THOUGHTS ON RESUMPTION OFTRADE WITH RUSSIABy W. C. HuntingtonCommercial Attache, in Charge Russian Division, U. S. Department of CommerceEVEN before our entrance into thewar interest in trade with Russia wasi uniting high. After the revolution ofMarch, 1917, and the establishment of anenlightened provisional government ofRussia, many of us hoped that, with theremoval of bureaucratic men and methods,the development of American-Russiantrade relations would now go forwardintensively. We did not foresee that avast people, with no experience of liberty,faced by an economic crisis and workedupon constantly by an army of agitators,could not immediately maintain democraticequilibrium. In the disintegrationwhich marked the period of the regimeof the provisional government, Americanbusiness firms, which had meanwhile sentsome very excellent men to Russia, foundno solid basis for the establishment ofbusiness relations nor assurance for thefuture. Most, therefore, returned homedisappointed. The only business done atthis period was of a speculative character,where daring Russian brokers and merchantsbought for cash, taking large risksfor the sake of the great profits whichstaple articles commanded in a famishedmarket.Finally, in November, came the Bolsheviki,seizing the government and makingfurther business impossible, because directedagainst all business, and with capacityonly to propagandize, not to construct.Nevertheless, in spite of all disappointments,the interest of modern Americanbusiness men of world vision in Russia isvery live to-day. They feel instinctivelythat a country nearly three times the sizeof the continental United States and havingalmost twice our population, of goodwhite stock, must eventually presentgreat business opportunities.Conditions are now ripe, not for falseillusions, but for active study of the Russiantrade problem, and the letters whichare daily coming to the Department ofCommerce of our Government indicatethat business men are asking the followingprincipal questions:1. What is the present situation?2. When will it be possible to do business?3. How must one go about it?4. What lines of business does Russianeed?5. How can the goods be shipped andpayment in dollars obtained?In the following we shall try to answerthese questions in the light of two years'experience in Russia, ending last fall,and of reports constantly received eversince:It will not be inappropriate at thispoint to review the political situation inRussia in so far as it bears upon business,since it varies in the different parts of theformer empire.Poland and Finland are excluded because,although they will undoubtedlyhave in the future close business relationswith Russia, their independence has beenacknowledged and both have achievedprovisional governments, which havebeen recognized by the United States.131

132 Some Thoughts on Resumption of Trade With RussiaCentral Russia is dominated by the Bolshevikwar status. She will not, as some extremistsor the so-called "Soviet Governwarment."Northern Russia is under a provisionaland dreamers—not business men—profess to believe, be able to avoid theconsequences of illiteracy and low productivity,but the new Russia has beengovernment recognized by the Allies andreceiving their economic and military born into a modern world and willsupport.partake of the spirit of the general advance.Of the Baltic Provinces, Esthonia hasA Russian business man of wideachieved some degree of equilibrium andis maintaining it against Bolshevik attacks.experience told me recently that thesefacts are recognized by men of his class,Latvia and contiguous Lithuania and that they are only seeking the pointare not so well off as Esthonia.of equilibrium so as to be able to makeSouth Russia was under a Germanfosteredtheir calculations. This is what Ameri­government until the armistice, can business men must do also.and was saved from Bolshevism by thepresence of German troops and the prevalenceAs to the economic situation, there pre­of better food conditions than in vails over Central and Northern Russiathe north. This richest portion of Russiaactual starvation. The entire country isis now overrun by Bolshevik armies, denuded of staples—of ordinary house­who are opposed by Allied and Cossack hold articles. Just a year ago I visitedforces.The Caucasus, the bridge betweenevery principal store in the town ofViatka, in Northeastern Russia, and aEurope and Asia, is still disturbed by local little later in Irkutsk, the capital ofconflicts which grow out of the several Eastern Siberia. The situation in theseraces and religions of its conglomerate provincial towns was the same as in thepopulation. The heart of this territory, capitals of Petrograd and Moscow: thewhich is called Georgia, seems to be makingheadway under a democratic government.shelves were literally empty and merchantsabout to close for lack of goods.Money has no value. The peasants haveSiberia is under the so-called Omsk plenty of money. A peasant woman, ingovernment, headed by Admiral Kolchak. the last stages of pregnancy, came into aThis government, which the Czechoslovakpeasant cottage where I was sitting oneforces helped on to its feet, is nowreceiving material support from the Alliesand appears to be making considerableday last winter, in the government ofPerm, and begged me to sell her mysteamer rug, assuring me that she hadprogress, both in the maintenance of plenty of money and would pay me wellorder at home and in the campaign of itsarmies against the Bolsheviks in the field.for it.The area sowed this year, according toIt is encouraging that the loyal Russian a consensus of opinion from reliableforces of the South and of the North haveboth proclaimed their adhesion to thissources, is scarcely a third of the pre-wararea; the reasons being lack of seeds, lossgovernment. Should the success of this of horses, lack of implements and tools,"All-Russian Government of Omsk" and fear of being deprived by the Redcontinue, it will be in order for them to Guards of any surplus over minimum personalconsumption. declare their land and labor programme,Whereas town lifewhich will be of great significance for has been virtually destroyed, the primitivefuture trade relations. A just programmelife of the country—of six-seventhsmust undoubtedly be promulgatedwhereby, with due regard for moraland economic considerations, the Russianof the population—has simply droppedback to something like the mediaeval conditionsfrom which it had slowly and painfullyrisen. land must be chiefly in the hands of theIt is marked by unsettle-eighty-five per cent of the population ment and epidemics. Transportation iswho make their living by it.almost at a standstill, with rolling stockwearing out and no renewals. An insignificantAs to labor and social conditions, Russiawill certainly not return to the precitypercentage of the factory capa­is operating and that most inefiicient-(Continued on page 84, following)

Tiffany & Co.Jewelry Silverware StationeryWatches and ClocksNoted for QualityPurchases may be made by MailFifth Avenue & 37-StreetNew York41

Big Work Fora Big" StoreThe delivery system of a great city store is an extremelyhigh-powered and high-tensioned service,which directly affects the convenience and satisfactionof thousands of customers. Its effectivenessis gauged by its swiftness and smoothness; its successis measured by its safety and certainty. Naturally,theneed ofperfected equipmentisimperative.jOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia, operatesa large number of two-ton trucks inhis delivery system. These trucks are requiredto travel long distances at high speed and covera large area each day.This fleet of cars covers an average of 4,000miles daily. It carries a total daily average of45 tons of goods. It Is kept constantly keyedup to a big job—and does it well!It is a significant fact that 50 of these YVanamakercars are equipped with 'Nobby Cord'Truck Tires—the big, burly tires that are builtfor long mileage and hard usage. The tiresthat welcome any test.'Nobby Cords' cut costs of operation. Theyminimize repairs and replacements. They areknown to reduce truck depreciation 50 percent, and to save 30 per cent, in gas and oilconsumption.'Nobby Cords' are remarkable for their incrediblestrength and sturdiness. A carcassthat is almost unassailable and a cover that isalmost impregnable. A veritable fortress inpower of resistance.Many big users have found complete tiresatisfaction in 'Nobby Cords'. Always readyto tackle any task—no road too long—no loadtoo big—no job too strenuous.•Nobby Cord'for trucksFor passenger and light delivery cars—'RoyalCord', 'Nobby', 'Chain', 'Usco' and 'Plain'. Alsotires for cycles, airplanes and solid tires for trucks.United States Tiresare Good Tires42

Concrete Roadsand Gasoline11.78 miles per gallon of gasoline on this concreteroad. This is over double the mileage obtainedon the earth road opposite.5.78 miles per gallon of gasoline on this earthroad—less than half the mileage obtainedon the concrete road opposite.Why Spend $2—$1 Will DoTests made last September at Cleveland, O . , with five 2-ton WhiteTrucks carrying full load, showed that on an earth road infair condition, gasoline consumption was twice that on aconcreteroad.The diagrams to the left and right illustrate the relative quantitiesof gasoline and its cost, used by one truck in making a 100-mile run under the same condition of load over the two roadspictured above. Think what 5,000,000 motor vehicles would savein gasoline alone if they always traveled on concrete.Since one gallon of gasoline will carry you twice as far on a concreteroad as it will on an earth road, why waste the other gallon?Youpay the price of good roads whether you get them or not,and if you pay for concrete roads they pay you back.1730GallonsGASOLINENeeded rorLet's Stop This Waste!Illinois, Pennsylvania and Michiganissues to do away with the mud tax.are going to do the same thing.have voted big, road bondMany other states and countiesWhen Yoa Think of Roads— Think of Concrete; When You Ride — Ride on Concrete.Write our nearest District Office for free copy of "Concrete Pavements Pay forThemselves" and "Facts About Concrete Roads."P o r t l a n d C e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n"00 MILE RUNEarth Roa*With LoadediWoTonTrucjcCostatZ5

BEEMAN'ScHEWING GUMORIGINALPEPSINIrritability Decreases EfficiencyWHEN a man is irritable and annoyed by little thingshis efficiency is greatly diminished, because underthese conditions he cannot do his best work, nor can heget the best work out of those about him.Generally, indigestion in some slight form is the"makings" of a grouch.In most cases of this sort the routine use after mealsof my Original Pepsin Chewing Gum will relieve theindigestion and restore the temper of the individual toa calm, normal condition.AMERICAN CHICLE COMPANYNew York Cleveland Chicago Kansas City San Francisco44

See How Teeth LookWhen the Film Is GoneAll Statements Approved by High Dental AuthoritiesThis is to urge a ten-day test of a scientificmethod of teeth cleaning. We supply thetest free.This method combats film — that slimyfilm which causes most tooth troubles. Oldtimemethods do not end it, as millions ofpeople know.That film is what discolors — not the teeth.It is the basis of tartar. It holds food substancewhich ferments and forms acid. Itholds the acid in contactwith the teeth tocause decay.Millions of germsbreed in it. They,Pepsodentwith tartar, are thechief cause of pyorrhea.The New-DayA Scientific ProductSo it is that filmwhich wrecks teeth. It is ever-present,ever-forming. It clings to teeth, enters crevicesand hardens. Now dental science knowsa way to combat it. Many careful tests haveproved this beyond question. For generaluse the way is embodied in a dentifrice calledPepsodent, and that is what we urge youto try.Let It Prove ItselfPepsodent is based on pepsin, the digestantof albumin. The film is albuminous matter.The object of Pepsodent is to dissolve it,then to day by day combat it.Pepsin long seemed impossible. It mustbe activated, and the usual method is an acidharmful to the teeth. But science has discovereda harmless activating method. Itmakes active pepsin possible. And countlesstests seem to prove that this discovery hassolved the greatest of dental problems.See the results for yourself. Send thecoupon for a 10-Day Tube. Use like anytooth paste. Note how clean the teeth feelafter using. Mark theabsence of the slimyfilm. See how teethwhiten as the fixedfilm disappears.DentifriceThese results, whenyou know their cause,will be a revelation.They will changeyour ideas on teeth cleaning. They willshow you an easy, pleasant way to safe,white, filmless teeth.Sold by Druggists EverywhereCut out the coupon now.Ten-Day Tube FreeTHE PEPSODENT COMPANYNameAddressDept. 598, 1104 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.Mail Ten-Day Tube of Pepsodent to•45

LASTLONGFEATHERWEIGHTFLAT-KNITUnion SuitsTry this 6 ounceflat-knit suitIT simply doesn't get sticky orclammy.The exclusive Lastlong Flat-Knit fabric absorbs perspiration—ventilates—lets air in and givesbody moisture a chance to evaporate.Result is cool, dry underwear.You'll appreciate this too—LastlongFlat-Knit suits are elastic allover, the soft, feather-weight fabricdoes not chafe or bind.Many men who have been buyingexpensive imported underwear, havefound the Lastlong flat-knit fabric hasthe quality heretofore unobtainable inAmerican made, knitted, cotton underwear.You should really see a Lastlongsuit to appreciate this.Patented features prevent pullingand binding.Made also in three-quarter length andankle length styles at popular pricesfor men and boys.If your dealer cannot supply )-ouplease send us his name and we will seethat you are supplied.Write for Sampleof the fabric anddescriptive booklet.Lastlong UnderwearCompany349 Broadway. Dept. 10, New York40

A Comparison of CostsA graphic picture of the high costof doing business is shown by therise in a long list of commodity pricesduring the past five strenuous years.By the exercise of unparalleledeconomies, telephone rates have beenkept almost unchanged.The fact is, the increase in the costof commodities has resulted in whatis equal to a decrease in telephonerates. In other words: The dollarwhich was spent for the telephonehas bought more than twice as muchas the dollar spent for the commodity.The activities of reconstructionwhich are now upon the nation haveput a great burden upon the telephone.This condition has made necessary anadvance in telephone rates.This advance does not exceed anaverage of eight percent; almost negligibleas compared with the advancesin other lines of industry, yet enoughto cover the increase in the cost ofoperation.Only through adequate revenue canthere be assured the maintenance ofa high standard of telephone service.American Telephone and Telegraph CompanyAnd Associated CompaniesOne Policy One System Universal Service47

More AmericanReserve PowerREMINGTONUMCBOTH to trie man himself and to all about him, the strength that comesfrom the hills is invaluable today.No poison-pollen of Old \A/orld imperialism gone to seed can contaminate—nor any attempt of crowd-sickened collectivism undermine — the pricelessindividualism of the American who truly keeps his feet on the earth.Are you one of Americas five million hunters, planning a trip for big game — and reserve power ?Our Service Department will be glad to help you complete arrangements — tell what to take, ifyou wish — report on hunting districts— give addresses and rates of best hunting camps and guides.Or ask your local dealer, the alert Remington UMC merchant—one of more than 82,700 inthis country — whose store is your community Sportsmen s Headquarters.Guides. Outfitters, Camp Proprietors — Write for registration blank for Remington UMC free service.THE REMINGTON ARMS UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO.,7«c.Largest ^Manufacturers of Firearms and Ammunition in the VPor?dWOOLWORTH BUILDING NEW YORK48

HERCULES POWDER CO.APoor Roads—Tax on the Nation's EnergyWAR demands a maximum of efficiency.During the last two years the countryhas learned how costly, how wasteful a thing,is a poor road. A poor road is in truth atax upon the Nation's energy.The country road over which the farmermust haul his products and the intra-cityhighway used by the manufacturer are arterieswhich carry the life blood of the Nation'sactivities. They must be as direct, as level,and as smooth surfaced as it is possible tomake them.This lesson, learned in times of stress, willnot be forgotten. During the next few yearsit will be applied to the roads of every statein the Union.In this application Hercules Powders willbe extensively used. They will help to makecrooked roads straight, hilly roads level, andwet roads dry.In this task, as in many other great undertakings,they will be used for the benefit andadvancement of the people's interest.HERCULES POWDER CO.49

Take a nice, clean cup. Put half a teaspoonful of Soluble Barrington HallCoffee in it, add hot water and witness the magic of instant coffee making.What Are You Paying For Coffee?In addition to convenience and finer flavor, you will be delighted to know that Soluble Barrington Hallcosts no more per cup than you paid when a fair quality of ground coffee could be bought for 30c a pound.May we send you our booklet explaining how a new and wonderful process eliminates the unavoidableloss in home brewing by scientific preparation of the coffee at the factory ?Upon receipt of 30c, we will send you, with this booklet, a Standard Tin of Soluble Barrington HalL Clipthe coupon today and try this new, better and more economical way to make coffee!B A K E R IMPORTING C O M P A N Y255 North Second Street 129 Hudson StreetMINNEAPOLISNEW YORKBarrington HallSOLUBLE CoffeeTEAR OUT AND MAIL TODAYEnclosed find 30c for which please send one 25 cup standard tin ofSoluble Barrington Hall Coffee to :50

Have You Tried Tuxedo in the New"TEA FOIL" Package?It's soft and pliable — decreases in size asthe tobacco is used—tobacco does notcake in the package—no digging itout with the finger. Keeps thetobacco in even better conditionthan tin. Now, don't you oweit to yourself to buy a packageand give Tuxedo atrial ?—Not quite as muchtobacco as in thetin, but—^\1\A+.—The lightest, thinnest,finest, strongest cigarette papers in allthe world. Roll a Tuxedo cigarettewith RIZ LA CROIX.Finest Burley TobaccoMellow-aged till perfect+ a dash of Chocolate"YourNose Knows"The Perfect Tobacco For Pipe and Cigarette51

D U R A N DSTEEL RACKSEquipyourbathroomwith aKenney Shower— fits any tub —Anybody can attachit.And enjoy a cooling, healthful, invigoratingshower these hot summer days.A Kenney Shower not only keeps you fit in summer, butis the quick, sanitary, year around way to bathe for thewhole family.Women and children enjoy the Kenney Shower as wellas men, because it does not wet the hair.From a health standpoint no home can afford to be with-No splash-hero's whyBuild Now!tHAT factory is notearning you dividends whileit exists only oniblue prints.That school or gymnasium is neededfor children who are growingup NOW!be giving pleasure and gainingThat club, not yet built, mightmembers.The Curtainless Shower Co.5 So. Wabash Ave. Factory 507 Fifth Ave.Chicago, 111. Waterville, Conn. New YorkThe Curtainless Shower Co.507A Fifth Avenue, New YorkEnclosed is $7.50 for a Kenney Shower (Niagara model) or $1". for aKenney Shower (Palm Beach model).Send same prepaid with theunderstanding that it must fit my bath tub and satisfy in every way,or 1 have the privilege of returning it within 10 days and getting mymoney back.Buy now and build now.Don't Wait for prosperity! Start it.Write for Catalogue of steellockers or of steel racks, binsand counters, etc.NameSt. AddressP. O State 1.Dealer's Name_DURAND STEEL LOCKER CO.1508 Ft. Dearborn Bank Bldg. 908 Vanderbilt Bldg.Chicago New York52

THE FRANKLIN CARF R A N K L I N superioritycomesfrom correctness in design; fromendurance, efficiency and comfortin service.The Franklin combination ofdirect air cooling (no water to boilor freeze), light weight and flexibilitygives the greatest safety, easeof control, comfort and economyvet attained in a motor car.20 miles to the gallon of gasoline./-/,jOO miles to the .set of tires.50% slower yearly depreciation.FRANKLIN AUTOMOBILE COMPANYSYRACUSE, N. Y.

Refreshing DraughtsGENERAL ELECTRJCCOMPANY

FirestoneTHE joy of the open road belongs in fullest measureto those who have little concern about their tires.Firestone's place in the scheme of travel is to giveyou safety, comfort, freedom from trouble, and aneasy conscience regarding expense.In this bigger cord tire, with the new non-skid tread,the Firestone Organization makes possiblebettertravelthan ever at lower cost. It is the finest expression ofthe Firestone creed—to deliver most miles per dollar.FIREST ONE TIRE & RUBBERFirestone ParkBranches and Dealers EverywhereCOMPANYAkron, Ohio

Get a Pyrene onyour own cariT was lucky for a careless manthat a car happened alongequipped with Pyrene. For in afew minutes more the burning carwould have been a ruin. Pyrenekilled the fire quickly. Don't becareless—get a Pyrene today. Younever fear fire with a Pyrene hand v.Sold by hardware and electricalsupply dealers andgaragesGUARDENEChemical Engine(40 gallons) A factorysize fire engine hassaved many a plantfrom sure destruction.WriteforcatalogofotherfireappliancesGUARDENESoda and AcidExtinguisherPyrene Manufacturing Company52 Vanderbilt Avenue - - New YorkAtlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Kansas City, San FranciscoPyrene Mfg. Co. of Canada, Ltd , Montreal, P Q.

nO one denies the positive dependencythat can be placedon radiator heats. As for economy— the ayes have it.Admittedly, some do object a bit toradiators. They don't seem toquite fancy their "setting about so,"as they express it. Maybe you areone of that kind.All right then, if you and everyonewho feels that way about it couldturn to these two pages in "TheHappy Solution Book," they wouldfind some most interesting factsSend for tfiis Happy Solution Book.about "Radiators, their PleasingPossibilities."They would find the Happy Solutionan ever ready answer forall their heating botherments.Among other things, they wouldfind out what a difference there isin boilers; and why those differencesmake such a difference in thecoal bill.To end with, they would also havefound out exactly why The BurnhamCosy Comfort Heat is the allaround satisfactory heat it is.You are welcome to a copyLord,& Burnham CoMAKERS OF BURNHAMIrvington, N. Y.Among other thingsabout Heating—ittells of radiators,their pleasingpossibilitiesBOILERS57

THEFINANCIAL SITUATIONContinued from page 130$6oo,000,000 during the preceding twelvemonth.It had not increased, however, during the presentyear; on the contrary, the outstanding total ofthat currency, which was $2,685,000,000 at theend of last December, had been reduced to$2,504,000,000 towards the end of May.FURTHERMORE, unlike the currencies ofcontinental Europe (for which redemption ingold has been suspended since the war began) thenotes of any one of our twelve Reserve Banks,when received on deposit by another bank in theFinancial Situation, continued on page 60Now That the WarIs Over—And normal conditions are returning, it seems fitting toremind the public that the record of S. W. Straus & Co.,without loss to any investor, has been maintained throughthe trying times of the last five years.Every bondholder has been paid promptly in cash, bothprincipal and interest, on the days due, without loss ordelay.Sound 6% July InvestmentsFor July investment, we offer a widely diversified listof first mortgage 6$ serial bonds, safeguarded underthe Straus Plan,Each bond issue has been purchased by us from the borrowingcorporation, after careful investigation, and isoffered with our full recommendation as a thoroughlysafeguarded investment. Denominations, $1,000 and $500.Maturities, two to fifteen years. Every investor shouldwrite today for ourJuly Circular No. G-910.S.W STRAUSEstablished 1882IncorporatedNEW YORK CHICAGO150 Broadway Straus BuildingCO.DETROIT MINNEAPOLIS SAN FRANCISCO PHILADELPHIAPenobscot Bldg Loeb Arcade Bide- Crocker Bldg. Stock Exchange Bldg.Thirty-seven years without loss to any investor58

The needs of Young America must go forward!OF necessity, the war State and Municipal bonds.halted peace-time constructionSuch bonds put both menand development. and women to work.Meanwhile, our future citizensWhenever public enterprisescontinued to attainand betterments go"school age" and with itforward, labor thrives andtheir rights to American surroundings.industry hums.When you put your moneyCities and states, to keepinto Municipal or Statepace with their fast growingbonds, you collect income,populations, will now quicklyfree from all Federal Incomecarry into effect far-sightedTax. The stability of theseprograms for public improvements.recognized premier investmentsis grounded in theThe needed money will beraised by the issue and sale ofstability of city charters andstate constitutions.The National City CompanyNational City Bank Building, New YorkYou will find a NationalCity CompanyCorrespondent Officein jo of the leadingcities of the country.Each of these officesis equipped to renderunusual service to investorsgenerally, andto bond buyers in particular.BONDSSHORT TERM NOTESACCEPTANCES59

Financial Situation, continued from page 58system, must, under heavy penalty, be returnedat once for redemption to the original bank ofissue. To redeem them, an equivalentamount of gold in the FederalIs It "an" InflationMarket" ?Reserve is transferred from the accountof the bank taking up the notesto the account of the bank presenting them. Thegold reserve, held for such a purpose by thetwelve Reserve Banks combined, was 64^ percentof their total outstanding notes, as against a ratioof 16 per cent of gold holdings to outstandingnotes at the issuing Bank of France, and lessthan 6 per cent at the Bank of Germany.It should, then, be reasonably clear that ourcurrency is not depreciated, and, therefore, thatprices in our markets have not been raised by anysuch influence as measurement in paper which isnot worth its face in gold. That such a conditionactually exists with continental Europe's currenciesnobody nowadays pretends to doubt.Waiving entirely the argument from the depreciationin exchange rates, we have the testimonyof prices themselves. Russia is naturally theextreme test, since her government's issue ofpaper currency has been absolutely reckless, anda few weeks ago, with the ruble's normal valueslightly more than half a dollar, an official Russianjournal reported bread as selling at Moscowfor 20 to 30 rubles a pound, eggs at 7 rublesapiece, butter at 100 rubles a pound, milk at 8 toFinancial Situation, continued on page 62What a Check TellsThe customers of the National Bank ofCommerce in New York are among theleaders of industry.Our credit is extended to concerns ablyand successfully managed, whose financialhistory is clean.A check drawn on the National Bank ofCommerce in New York tells of leadership,sound policies, financial integrity andsuccess.NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCEIN NEW YORKCapital Surplus & Undivided Profits Over Fifty Million Dollars60

NewPublications—giving specific information onimportant foreign trade subjectswITH the foreign trade of the United States breaking records,there is a greater demand than ever for specific information by thosewho wish to enter foreign markets or to extend their present businesswith other countries. To help meet this need we have published thefollowing booklets:Shipping's Share in Foreign TradeGives the fundamentals of ocean transportation; details ofhow shipments are handled; explains methods of procedure,shipping documents, factors governing rates, insurance, etc.How Business with Foreign Countries is FinancedDescribes, by means of reproductions of actual forms anddocuments, the banking procedure and methods used infinancing exports and imports.Trading with ChinaDescribes commercial customs in China, and methodsfound successful in dealing with the Chinese.CanadaDiscusses the economic position and plans for commercialand industrial development of Canada.Banking Service for Foreign TradeOutlines the various world-wide services offered by thisCompany and its connections in the financing of businesswith other countries.These booklets are available on request. Manufacturers and merchantsdesiring data relating to the export possibilities ot particular products, areinvited to call on our FOREIGN TRADE BUREAU lor detailed information.Guaranty Trust Company of New YorkNew York London Liverpool Paris BrusselsCapital oc Surplus $5 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 Resources over $700,000,00061

Financial Situation, continued from page 6oio rubles a quart, and boots at 550 to 1,000rubles a pair.Serving TheSecond CityChicago, the Mecca of the Middle Westand the second city of the country, has theadded distinction of possessing the largeststeam public utility plant in the world.This plant, the Commonwealth EdisonCompany.serves Chicago practically withoutcompetition. The Street Railways,Elevated Systems, manufacturing andmercantile establishments, office buildings,stores, apartments, homes and hotelscomprise the diversity of demand forpower which is the most important elementof strength in the Company's earningcapacity.BONDS IN THE FIRST RANKThe first mortgage 5% bonds of theCommonwealth Company, due June 1,1943, undoubtedly rank in the first grade.Their safety, marketability and incomeare unquestioned.Private investors are afforded an unusualopportunity to invest in these bondsat a price which will afford ample opportunityfor later profit.Let us show you our "Bond Topics"{Booklet SS-200) listing these andother bonds to yield fromAHBickmore& CoIII BROADWAY, NY. *THESE are the prices of France under therevolutionary assignats, of our SouthernConfederacy in its later paper-money days, of theAmerican "continental currency," the "shinplasters"of 17S3 to 17S9. But in a less degree,prices in Germany, in Austria, inItaly, in France, have increased Paperwholly out of proportion to the increasein this country; partly at least, and RiseMoneybeyond question, in response to thein Priceswar-time increase of belligerent Europe's papercurrencies from the $2,300,000,000 of July, 1914,to the $19,500,000,000 of a month ago—that increaseleaving out of the reckoning the prodigiousand only casually reported paper inflation ofAustria and Russia.The question, to what extent the war-time riseof prices in our own country, and the persistenceof such prices at their present high level, havebeen affected by the undoubted currency inflationof Europe, is more debatable. Actually inflatedcurrencies help, directly or indirectly, in expellinggold, and the gold will naturally serve to expandthe currencies of the countries to which it goes.Europe's paper currency inflation was responsiblein some degree for our own unprecedented importationof gold in 1915 and 1916, which providedthe requisite reserve for our own war-timecurrency expansion. If the meaning of the termis carefully restricted, one might possibly have theright to describe this process as a left-handed inflation.WITH the economic solidarity of the civilizedworld to-day, all countries must in someway be affected in their own position by suchunheard-of paper inflation as has occurred since1914 in Europe. Yet it is possible to misleadentirely through laying too muchstress on that single influence as thecause for the present high prices inAmerica. A very much readier explanationlies in Europe's exhaustedstock of merchandise; in her consequent abnormaldemand on our surplus of production; in transportationrates higher by 50 or 100 per cent thanthey were before the war; in a "labor cost" inevery branch of production, increased since 1914in only a slightly lesser ratio. When, moreover,after all the hesitancy since November, ordersfrom home consumers had by the close of Mayreached such volume as to cause the mercantileagencies to report that trade revival had alreadyin some directions "assumed boom characteristics";when the largest inland mercantile housedescribed advance sales by its agents as "nearlydouble those of a year ago," and when one week'srecord of checks drawn on all the country's banksbroke all weekly records in the country's history,it was clear enough what the rising stock marketFinancial Situation, continued on page 64Cause ofthe HighCost ofLiving62

Our Free Record BookWill Simplify YourIncome Tax ReturnThe work of making out IncomeTax returns can begreatly simplified ; first, by understandingthe Income Taxprovisions, and, second, bykeeping a record of one's incomein proper shape, frommonth to month, as it comes in.To make this easj r , we haveprepared a 24-page RecordBook, 83^ x i i in., in whichproper place has been providedfor recording, by months, variousforms of income — bothtaxable and exempt; alsoplaces for allowable deductions.The book also contains a briefsynopsis of the Income TaxLaw and a concise statementof the tax exemption featuresof the various Liberty Bondissues.By the study and use of thisbook, one's income tax returnproblem can be materiallylessened. This book has beenprepared for the use of ourclients and is but an indicationof the painstaking care withwhich we serve our patrons.Whether or not you are aclient of ours, we would welcomethe opportunity of sendingyou one of these IncomeTax Record Books, with ourcompliments. If you wouldlike one, kindly address DepartmentB-7.William R.Compton CompanyGOVERNMENT AND MUNICIPAL BONDS''Over a Quarter Century in this Business"New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, New Orleans03

Financial Situation, continued from page 62of the ten or twelve preceding weeks had beenforeshadowing.FORMANFARMMORTGAGES6% July InvestmentBefore selecting your investmentfor the future investigateForman Farm Mortgages andForman Farm Land Bonds.During the past 34 years wehave negotiated over 13,000 individualfarm loans, involvingmore than $34,000,000. Noinvestor has lost a dollar ofprincipal or interest.Because of their record FormanFarm Mortgages are favoredby banks and other institutions.They are availablefor individuals, either for outrightor monthly payment investment.Write for either booklet aboveillustrated and for list of6% July InvestmentsGeorge M Forman & CompanyFARM MORTGAGE BANKERSii South La Salle Street Chicago, 111.GOVERNED as such a market always largelyis by psychological considerations, the approachingtermination of the peace negotiationsand the certainty, according to the financial market'sview from the very first, that GermanyQuestionsThat AreAheadof Uswould sign the treaty, was bound tobe a paramount consideration. Whatwould or might come after that wasdoubtless overlooked—the question ofEurope's condition, even under formalpeace; the question of how the indemnitywould be paid, of how its payment would affectthe financial situation, and of when the world asa whole would have to face the economic reckoningfor the prodigious waste of capital in thewar; the question what outbursts of pent-uppolitical antagonism would occur, and with whatresults, in our own national legislature as inothers."The Duke of Wellington," Talleyrand reportedfrom the Congress of Vienna, when thetreaty to end the wars of a hundred years agowas being framed, "writes of nothing" fromLondon "but conspiracies, secret discontent,stifled complaints, as the vanguard of a comingstorm." It was the perfectly familiar story ofthe rekindling of party animosities which hadonly smouldered while the country was at war,and which now raged all the more violently becauseof their long suppression. What happenedin our own Congress during the three years afterthe defeat of the Confederacy and the end of theCivil War, every one knows. The erratic personalityof Andrew Johnson had much to do withit. But no one conversant with the history ofthe day believes that, if Lincoln had lived out hissecond term, he would have escaped the collisionwith the factions of his own party which, in Johnson'scase, were an inevitable aftermath of warand an inevitable incident of reconstruction.But these are not the considerations which rulethe Stock Exchange.HOW will the payment of the immense indemnitybe financed ? It must be rememberedthat the problem involved is not alone theproblem of raising the money to make an initial20,000,000,000 marks-cash payment within twoyears, or even of providing for interestpayments afterward on theSo,000,000,000 marks or more, coveredby German government bondsdelivered to the Allies. The real problem is thetransfer and distribution of these prodigioussums. "After the experience of the war," aneminent English banker lately declared to theLondon Institute of Bankers, "it would be difficultto set a limit to the amount of revenue whicha government, with the printing-press as an adjunctand the confidence of its people in its solvencyto back it up, might not be able to raise."Financial Situation, continued on page 66When theIndemnityis Paid64

Jl view of CommonwealthEdison Co. plant, Chicago,in whose First Mortgage J%Bonds we have dealt for yearsBack of Your BondTWO VERY DEFINITE ASSURANCES of safetystand behind every corporation bond which we recommendfor the investment of our customers' funds:FirstThe assets and earnings of a well established andsuccessful business of which the CommonwealthEdison Co. of Chicago is an example.We do not offer thebonds of companies in a promotional or construction stage,but only those of demonstrated credit and earnings.Second Our own experience and judgment gained over aperiod of years in the selection and distribution oflarge amounts of such securities.Before any of our bondsare offered to our customers, they have first been purchasedoutright with our own funds and only after the most exactinginvestigations on the part of our own, and frequentlyindependent, experts to assure ourselves of their safety.If you ate concerned luith the safe investment of your funds—irrespectiveof their amount—you -will be interested in our current list of offerings.Write today for circular SAf T.HALSEY, STUART & CO.INCORPORATED—SUCCESSORS TON. W. HALSEY &. CO., CHICAGON E WYORK209 S. LA S A LLC ST. 4.9 WALL STREETPHILADELPHIALAND TITLE BUILDINGB O S T O N30 STATE STREETFIRST NATIONAL BANKBLOC.DETROITFORD BUILDINGST. LOUISSECURITY BLDG.THE FEDERAL INCOME TAXnecessitates an accurate record of your bond holdings. OurLoose Leaf Security Recordmeets this need nicely. It may be used for recordingbonds, stocks and mortgages. A copy will besent without charge upon request for Book SAf 2.65

A Typical MunicipalBond OfferingTo finance important public improvements,such as paving streets,erecting bath houses, fire departmentbuildings, electric lightplants, etc., the City of Cleveland,Ohio, has issued $2,680,000 ofMunicipal Bonds.These bonds by reason of theirexemption from the Federal IncomeTax, including surtaxes, netthe investor a liberal return. Theyare in coupon form, $1000. denominations,and mature seriallyfrom 1920 to 1969 inclusive.The assessed valuation of taxableproperty in Cleveland is $1,298,-048,920. Cleveland's net bondeddebt is $46,165,407 including thisissue.Thus, the security (Clevelandtaxable property) is approximately30 times the amount ofthe city's debt.While these bonds will doubtlessbe absorbed immediately by investors,we are constantly underwritingother well-secured, taxfree issues to net the investorfrom 4' 4' (to 534%.Write for our current offeringsand for booklet "Investing inMunicipal Bonds,"STACY & BRAUNINVESTMENTBONDS'Second National Bank BuildingNew York Toledo CincinnatiTime to Stock Up?Prices are beginning to drop.How low will they go this year?How far ahead should you buy commodities?Babson's Reports giveyou the right cue.Particulars free. Write Dept. H-41.Babson's Statistical OrganizationEngineering Bldg.Wellesley Hills, Mass.Largest Organiiation of its Character in the WorldFinancial Situation, continued from page 64But he immediately added: "The difficulty i|that the money, so long as it remains in the country of origin, is of very little use for the purpose;services, or their equivalent in. our own cunNow Germany's actual gold holdings, all toldhad declined in May below $400,000,000, and i\very great part of that will soon have gone out 0a natural recourse, in making the initial cash'payment, for the German government to acquiresuch sound securities of other nations as Germaninvestors still hold, and to ship those securities tcthe Allied markets, where they might either besold for cash or used as collateral on loans throughcourse when, in the early years of the war, the>being issued in America and which were dealt iron our Stock Exchange, there was at one time ordeposit as security in New York no less tharada, Argentina, Chili, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Holland, Cuba, India, Newties from their owners, or bought them witr]ing them to the government through a highl>|come from such securities and exacted from thosesimilar securities are still in the hands of Germaninvestors, and therefore similarly obtainable b\cial inquiry, conducted by experts of the GermanGerman people's holdings of foreign securitieswere at that time "rather considerably abovethan under 16,000,000,000 marks"; or, roughly,near correct, it would warrant Doctor Helfferich'sestimate of 1913 that the total holdings, in thatyear immediately before the war, were not farbelow 20,000,000,000 marks, or $5,000,000,000.Such a total, just before the war, would haveman hands to-day as the full initial cash paymenton the war indemnity—this even after allowancehas been made for Germany's enormous sales ofof an indemnity. The crux is to get it out 01Germany. We do not want payment in papemarks. We want to be paid in gold, in goods 0rency."Germany, merely to pay for food. It would biwhich the cash might be procured. This wouldbe no new experiment. The governments ojFrance and England adopted exactly that rewere borrowing in our markets. Against theshort-term British war-loans which were ther$060,000,000 worth of railway and municipasecurities or bonds of such governments as CanZealand, Japan, and the United States itself. TheBritish Exchequer had either borrowed the securiBritish government bonds. France had $213000,000 worth of similar securities similarlj|pledged in the New York market.In each case, the English or French holders 0those securities were coerced into selling or lenddiscriminatory income tax, imposed on the in­who refused to give them up. How much oithe German government, is a much-disputecquestion. That Germany since 1871 has been avery large investor in the foreign markets is perfectly well known. Fourteen years ago an offigovernment, arrived at the estimate that the$4,000,000,000. If that estimate was anywhereinsured the existence of nearly as much in Ger­Financial Situation, continued on page 6866

The Scope of Our ServiceWE OFFER an investment service national inscope, having offices in six prominent citiesand an extensive wire system reaching otherimportant points in the United States and Canada.Our Statistical Department is constantly collecting,analyzing and verifying complete data on Municipaland Corporation securities in all parts of the country.Our Bond and Note Departments, under the direction ,of executives of long and successful financial experience,and possessed of wide sources of information,offer you expert guidance in investment matters, andimmediate consideration of your individual problems.H0RNBL0WER & WEEKSBOSTONPORTLANDPROVIDENCEInvestment SecuritiesNEW YORKCHICAGOFounded in 1.888DETROITMembers of the New York, Boston and Chicago Stock Exchanges67

Monthly Dividendsand MonthlyEarning StatementsThe monthly dividends paid toPreferred Stockholders of CitiesService Company provide a convenientand regular income safeguardedby earningsFive Times OverPreferredStock Dividend RequirementsThe statements of earnings mailedto stockholders monthly enableinvestors to keep in constanttouch with the financial progressof the Company.Send for Preferred Slock CircularHenry L. Doherty& Company60 Wall Street, New YorkZ)~3We Own and OfferMunicipalBondsrepresenting 29 different States.Ourlist of municipal bonds isalways large and diversified,and we are therefore in a positionto meet the requirementsof all municipal bond buyers.A. B. Leach & Co., Inc.Investment Securities62 Cedar St., New York105 S. La Salle St., ChicagoPhiladelphia Boston Buffalo MinneapolisBaltimore Pittsburgh Cleveland MilwaukeeFinancial Situation, continued from page 66such securities on the other European markets'during the two or three weeks before the war'began. The estimates just quoted are open tomuch doubt; the experience of this war, in thecase of other nations, has indicated the tendencyof all such calculations to exaggerate the facts.But the financiers on the Allied "ReparationsCommission" which drew up the terms of paymentrelied undoubtedly on such holdings as animportant factor in the operation.HE means employed to meet the 5 per centinterest and 1 per cent annual sinking-fundrequirement on the German bonds delivered fora balance of 80,000,000,000 marks (which, after1026, would involve payment by Germany to theAllies of approximately $1,000,000,-000 every year) would necessarily bedifferent. Payment in services renderedin the Allied countries by individualsor corporations using GermanMachineryof theGreatSettlementcapital will be mostly precluded, at least for yearsto come, by Germany's surrender of her shipping,:by the loss of plant and clientage through whichher banking concerns, her insurance agencies andher manufacturing enterprises used to operate inthe Allied countries, and, not least, by the possi-ibility that German operations in some of thosecountries may for some time be forbidden.For future interest and sinking-fund paymentagainst the immense indemnity bond issues, there;would apparently remain only export of German:products to her former enemies—with what pre-:cise economic results, it would remain to be determined.Even so, the problem would exist forthe Allied governments of arranging to compen-;sate at once the citizens whose property the Ger-imans had destroyed, when the governments had:received payment in long-term German bonds.:Clearly, that compensation would necessitate the:raising of equally large loans by the governments:themselves, based to all practical intents on the;German obligations. Here, then, not in Germanyalone but in the Allied markets is the pros-;pect of public borrowings at a comparatively;early date almost as large as those of war-time.This would occur at a moment when the need ofcapital for Europe's resumption of industrial activitywould be urgent, yet when the war hadleft the Continental belligerents in a state offinancial hardship if not of financial exhaustion.How is this stupendous problem to be solved?In the nature of things, even the attempt atits solution was bound to be deferred until thepeace. So long as the slightest chance remainedfor resumption and continuance of a state of war,the machinery of financing Europe's peace-timeactivities could not be set at work. With peacearranged, however, the task will become peremptoryand immediate, and no intelligent financierentertains any doubt that it will fall primarilyto the lot of the United States. Experiencedbankers were busy studying out the problem at :the moment when the general public was looking,Financial Situation, continued on page 7068

The F O R E I G N B A N K I N G FACILITIES A F F O R D E D byCONTINENTAL andCOMMERCIALB A N K SCHICAGOare important to American manufacturers,merchants and agriculturists —particularly those of the great MiddleWest — who believe in America's presentopportunities for commercial greatnessand who desire to profit by it.FOR years these facilities have kept pacevith the demands for foreign bankingservice. Under the pressure of new andincreasing demands they have been expandedand now include the completefacilities of the Mercantile Bank of theAmericas, the Asia Banking Corporationand the Foreign Bond and Share Company,in which a substantial ownershipinterest is held.dESE affiliations, together with long:stablished connections with 5000 foreignbanks, provide customers of theContinental and Commercial Banks withunusually prompt and convenient means for transacting banking businessnot only in the big commercial centers of Europe, the Americas and theOrient, but in the remotest places of trade throughout the world.Participation in financing foreign loans enables these banks to perform animportant fundamental service for increasing American Foreign TradeGreat BritainPeruHondurasDIRECT PERSONAL BANKING SERVICErendered inFrance Italy China Japan SpainCuba Colombia Venezuela Brazil NicaraguaEcuador Costa Rica Salvador Guatemala PhilippinesCONTINENTAL and COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK of ChicagoCONTINENTAL and COMMERCIAL TRUST AND SAVINGS BANKCHICAGO, U. S. A.60

Investingto theBest AdvantageDiscriminating investors at the presenttime are buying Municipal Bondsbecause Municipal Bonds areFree fromAll Federal Income TaxesIt is therefore an immense advantagefor every investor to have at least aportion of his funds in MunicipalBonds. In addition, this prime securityhas all the advantages offered byany other equally sound investment.Write for Booklet S-7, "Bonds ThatAlways Pay," and our latest list ofissuesYielding from4.70% to 5^%Kauffman-Smith-Emert Co.Security Building St. Louis, Mo.TheInvestment AdvantagesofMunicipal BondsIn the Herrick 6k Bennett seriesof pamphlets on the elements ofbond investment, this month'sissue presents "THE INVEST­MENT ADVANTAGES OFMUNICIPAL BONDS"Upon request a copy of thiapamphlet will be sent, accompaniedby a selected list of currentmunicipal bond offerings.Other pamphlets now available are"Basic Elements of Bond Investment""United States Government Bonds""Foreign Government Bonds."HERRICK & BENNETTMembers New York StoekExchange66 Broadway, New yorkFinancial Situation, continued from page 68no further than the Stock Exchange speculationin American "industrials." Mr. Vanderlip, ofthe National City Bank, returning from a visitto Europe, gave as his conclusion that, financiallyand industrially, "Europe can be saved," butthat "it is up to America to do it." If Americarises to her duty, he professed himself optimisticover the prospect for success.Mr. Davison, of the house of Morgan, similarlyarriving from European conferences, intimatedthat the American banking community will takeup the problem of financing Europe, probably inconcert with the English financiers and the neutralmarkets, and possibly through an internationalcommission. "The greatest factor in that work,his judgment was, "will be labor, and Europe willfind its own labor. Our part of it—the supplyingof bricks and mortar, so to speak—will notbe as large as many persons believe."Still, it will unquestionably be very great.Europe is at the moment in a state of industrialand economic prostration. The horsemen of theApocalypse have swept over the Continent; wetoo have had the red horse bringing war, the blackhorse bringing famine, the pale horse bringinganarchy and pestilence; all this occurring alongwith the flight of "the kings of the earth and thegreat men and the chief captains and the mightymen and every bondman and every free man,"as it has not perhaps occurred in history sincethe sixth chapter of the Revelation was written.t0 reconstruct industrial Europe (and with itpolitical Europe) immense sums will beneeded, and the providing of much of them willfall on the shoulders of our country. Whatevermay be the attitude of American banking houses,there necessarily arises the questionof the willingness and capacity ofthe American investing community.What is to be looked for in thatdirection? Will the American investor,his interest long absorbed exclusivelyin the securities of his own home enterprises,consent to this diversion of his capital?If he will, then is he capable of so immense atask, coming on top of the huge financial burdensof our own war loans, war taxes, and warexpenditure? If the capacity is proved, thenwhat will be the longer result in our own financialsituation ?The question of capacity may be measured inseveral ways. First and foremost, we have thefact that, through advances by our government andloans by our investors, the country has alreadysince the war broke out loaned upwards of$11,000,000,000 to foreign countries. This mightmean that after such an achievement the UnitedStates would now have less capacity, not more,for further loans of capital. If that were so, itwould be shown by the action of our markets;but that action has provided overwhelming evidenceto the contrary.Of the two notable incidents which occurredFinancial Situation, continued on page 72America'sPart inReconstructingEurope70

The Record of Steady GrowthBEHIND"A-M-I FARM MORTGAGES"1873 — 191946 years of Experience in Safe InvestingImproving Our Service to the InvestorStrengthening OurOrganizationEnlarging Our Loan FieldGrowth in Volume of BusinessOur business for 1919 already exceeds that of our Largest previous year.May we not include you in our steadily growing list of satisfied customers ?Associated Mortgage Investors, Inc.Farm Mortgage BankersKingman Nott Robins, TreasurerCHICAGOBURLINGTON,VT910-918 Granite BuildingRochester, New YorkBILLINGS,MONT.C A L G A R Y , C A N .Municipal Bondsof the Middle WestYielding from 4.14% to S'A%We specialize in Municipal Bonds of prosperous MiddleWestern communities offering unusually attractive returnsand exempt from all Federal Income Taxes.Write for latest list of offerings and our booklet G-7" How to Invest Without Loss "Stern Brothers & Company CSINVESTMENT BONDS1013-15 Baltimore Avenue Kansas City, Mo.Financial WorldEvents ReviewedIf you would keep in close touch withaffairs related to investments and finance,read our Monthly Magazine."INCOMES"A Pocket Magazine for InvestorsLatest number covering nearly thirty importantsubjects and including answers to investors' inquiriesmailed free. Address nearest office.Breed, Elliott & HarrisonHigh Grade InvestmentSecuritiesChicago Cincinnati IndianapolisFirstMortgageAccess to important cities and terminalstherein is an indispensableadjunct to Railroad operation.Wecan offer a First Mortgage onsuch a property toYield About 9 1 2Per CentDescriptiveCircularFrederic H. Hatch & Co.Established 188874 Broadway New YorkLand Values SecureOur farm loans never amount to more than 50%of the present value of the land mortgaged. Asthe value of land in the Northwest is increasingsteadily, it is evident that our 5!^ and 6% First MortgageFarm Loans provide a sound investment foryour surplus funds.Write for descriptive booklet and list of offerings.CAPITAL TRUST SAVINGS BANKCapital and Surplus s 500.000.00Saint Paul. A\innesota

Investments PlusConservative old New Englandcorporations with long records ofhonest and efficient management—that have weathered many a businessstorm—can well have theirstock issues classed as something abit better than "investments." Westyle such securities as "InvestmentsPlus."Cases in PointPreferred Stocks Price YieldPlymouth Rubber 7% 102 6.86%Old Colony Woolen Mills 7% 10 7.00%Emerson Shoe 7% 1st 95 7.37%Greenfield Tap & Die 6% 100 6.00%Rivett Lathe & Grinder 6% 86 6.98%Send for full particularsEarnest E. Smith & Co.Specialists in New England Investments52 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass.Members New York and Boston Stock ExchangesShort-Timefy^°/o InvestmentAvailable for $1,000 or largeramounts.Obligation of widely-known,established company.Assets nearly 2% to 1.Net earnings nearly 5 timesinterest charges.Majority of assets are liquidand readily realizable.Send for Circular No. 1024 S.C.PeabodyHoughteling &Co.(ESTABLISHED 1865)10 South La Salle St., Chicago, III.Financial Situation, continued from page 70almost simultaneously in American finance of thepast few weeks, either would alone have beensufficient to cause depression in a market whosefinancial capacity had already been overstrained.In April there fell due the first payment on theFederal tax bill; by far the largest requisition ofthe kind every placed by any government on itspeople. Close on the heels of this $1,200,000,000payment against income and profits taxes, with$3,800,000,000 due to follow in the later monthsof 1010, came the Treasury's appeal for subscriptionsto the $4,500,000,000 Victory Loan.Coming barely six months after nearly $7,000,-000,000 had been subscribed to the loan "of lastOctober, the undertaking made even experiencedbankers shake their heads. As with the otherwar loans, it was admitted that the loan "wouldbe taken because it must be taken"; but thisassurance was coupled with expression of doubtas to how such a sum could be attracted whenthe war was over, patriotic fervor relaxing, andthe people beginning to complain of war pricesand war taxes after the termination of hostilities.Yet when the count of subscriptions hadbeen made, it was found that the $4,500,000,000loan had been over-applied for by almost exactly$750,000,000.So far from these two heavy requisitions beingfollowed by signs that the reserve of availablecapital had been exhausted, it was at preciselythe moment when the cash payment on each wasbeing made that the inflow of investment fundsand speculative capital into the Stock Exchangebrought about the extraordinary activity and theviolent rise in prices which continued throughoutthe season. Nothing could be more clear ademonstration that the reservoir of the country'sfinancial resources was still overflowing.While this was going on, still another phenomenonof the markets was pointing out both theneeds of Europe and the power of America tomeet them. When the statement of our foreigntrade for January showed the exports, $622,500,-000, to have surpassed all monthly records, therewas widespread expression of surprise that sucha thing was possible after the shipment of warmunitions, supposedly the backbone of our greatoutward trade between 1014 and 1919, had ceasedalmost entirely. But in April the January exportfigure rose to $714,500,000. In the four firstmonths of 1919 our exports, aggregating $2,500,-000,000, were $400,000,000 greater than in anyother four consecutive months of war time,and, despite an import of merchandise as largeas in any other corresponding period, the surplusof exports over imports, $1,541,000,000, wasmore than double the export surplus of the fulltwelve months in any year before 1915.Financial Situation, continued on page 7472

BROWN BROTHERS & CO.Philadelphia1818NEWYORKEstablished1825Boston1844LIBERTY BONDS VICTORY NOTESConvertible BondsofIndustrial and Railroad CorporationsFARM LOAN BONDS CERTIFICATES OF INDEBTEDNESSBROWN, SHIPLEY &Founders Court, LothburyLONDON, E. C.COMPANYEstablished1839 Office for Travelers123 Pall Mall, LONDON, S. W.MO. AND KANS. FARMLOANSDoes Your Money Earn6% as it should?First Farm Mortgages enable your money toearn more than savings bank interest. Our firstmortgages and participation certificates from$100.00 up will put your money to work for youat 6%. Investigate our partial payment plan.Money always at interest when deposited withthis trust company.Write todayTHE FARM MORTGAGE TRUST COMPANY501 Jackson St. TOPEKA. KANSAS6% Real Estate Gold BondsWe offer investors carefully placed FirstFarm Mortgages and Real Estate Gold Bondsfrom one of the best agricultural sections inthe United States. We are right on the groundand personally examine the securityevery loan offered.under35 years' experience withoutthe loss of a dollar.Ask forpamphlet"G"and current offerings.E. J. LANDERS CO., Grand Forks, N.D.Est. 1883. Capital and Surplus $500,000.00> Northwest Farm Bondsf Pay 6%Northwestern Farms are face toface with the most prosperous yearin their history. Crops never werelarger nor have they sold at such highprices. Plans are in operation throughoutthis section to take care of evenbigger crops in the future.Share in this prosperity through Gold-Stabeck farm bonds and mortgages.They are backed by the best farms inthe heart of the Northwest. Our carefulsupervision is largely responsible forour record of "not a loss in 25 years."Gold-Stabeck farm bonds pay 6%.Interest paid promptly. Bonds maybe had in denominations of $100 to$1000. They have never sold belowpar. They are the preferred investmentof conservative authorities.Ask for our latest circular S-60.GOLD-STABECKCOMPANYINVESTMENTBANKERSMINNEAPOLIS73

A Unique ExperienceBetween 1909 and 1919 Vermont banks investedand reinvested over $100,000,000 in first mortgageson farms located in twenty-seven states.As Bank Commissioner Mr. Williams examinedthe mortgages and the methods of everycompany making loans for Vermontbanks.Based on this experience we have organized acompany to render farm mortgage service to investors.W e now offer first farm mortgages negotiatedby Denton-Coleman Loan and Title Company,of Butler, Mo. They are high-grade investmentsyielding 6%.Write for offerings and our circular entitlednSound Investments."FRANK C. WILLIAMS, Inc.NEWPORT . . . VERMONTSTRIKESNEVERFARMAFFECTLOANSDividends are cut and bond pricesdecline when strikes affect railroads,public utilities and industrial plants,but farm loans remain at par withfixed interest rates.No customer of ours has lost a dollarthrough our farm loans.Write for pamphlet and listThe Irrigated Farms Mortgage Co.j.v.N.Dorr.n c k l.f E D/ > . . Joseph D.HitchPresident UENVER,^OLO. ManagerProspective Investors' ServiceThe business principles of TheInvestors Mortgage Companyprotect our clientsIf you are a prospective investor seekingsafety and the highest consistent income, thestandard principles on which we negotiatefarm loans for investment are worthy ofyour investigation.In solving your investment problem it mayassist you if you know just how we negotiatefarm loans to insure safety and also whatservices we render investors to cater to theirconvenience.Write for our new bookletentitled "Secure Investments" _INVESTORS MORTGAGE COMPANYR. B. Bishqp, President610 Canal Bank Annex NEW ORLEANS, LA.Financial Situation, continued from page 72UNDER this powerful influence, which waslargely but not wholly a result of food exportsonly once surpassed in quantity (during theautumn of 1014) and never surpassed in value,New York exchange rates moved against Europewith a violence not displayed evenin war time. Exchange on Londondid not fall to the discount of 1915.But exchange on Paris, whose mostunfavorable rate during the conflict had been6.oo>2 francs to the dollar, went in May to 6.78;which, since 5.18% francs is the normal parity,represented depreciation of nearly 24 per cent.Exchange on Italy was depreciated 41 per cent.In the minds of experienced financiers there wasno question that this prodigious trade indebtedness—whichmust be followed by further similarindebtedness when we engage in the export ofmaterials for reconstruction, will have to beadjusted through the placing of public and privatesecurities of these European nations withAmerican investors.Will the American investing public co-operatecordially in the task—conducted, as it must beconducted, on a possibly unexampled scale?There is no reason to doubt it. Our investorshave already had four years of training in thesepreviously unfamiliar European securities. Somethingnear two thousand million dollars' worthof bonds of England, France, Italy, Switzerland,Norway, Canada, Newfoundland, Argentina, wereplaced in our market even before we went to warourselves, and were dealt in on our stock exchanges.They have grown familiar to our people.Where they were short-term loans, theyhave already, for the most part, been redeemedat par after paying a handsome interest rate inthe intervening period—always excepting suchfoolish ventures as the capital invested in Russianand German bonds which, for manifest reasons,have not been redeemed at all, but whichwere fortunately not of any formidable amount.Quite beyond this fact of war-time experimentin the field, the impelling logic of finance inevitablyand always turns the stream of investmentcapital in the direction in which political relationsand new commercial achievement lead theway. Response to this economic force madeEngland, after the very similar world-conditionsof a century ago, the holder on a previously unprecedentedscale of the securities of countries towhich she had never lent before, but into whichher merchants were penetrating. It made of thepreviously "self-contained" Germany an investor,after 1871, in South America, Turkey, theBalkan countries, and the United States. Itturned French capital after 1890 into Russianbonds in previously unimagined quantities—aninvestment which to-day looks like one of theFinancial Situation, continued on page 76The Presentandthe Future74

Industry and OpportunityThe Pittsburgh District is recognized as the industrialcenter of the world. Where the greatestindustry exists, the most opportunities for the investorare found.Bonds, which we own and offer, will appeal to theconservative investor, who is seeking the maximumamount of safety and a reasonable return.Send for late lists.B O N D D E P A R T M E N TMellon Nationa1 B anKPittsburgh, Pa.Wheat in the Judith Basin ofMontanaInterpreting theFinancial NewsFrom the New York Evening Post, May 2S, IQIQ" In view of the great part which our harvest prospectsare playing in the political and social calculations ofEurope and our own financial calculations, it is reassuringto learn, from the Government's weekly cropweatherbulletin, that grain is doing well throughoutthe country."Clearly it is the course of wisdom to invest in firstmortgages on wheat farms which assure security forprincipal and prompt payment of liberal interest.We offer first mortgages on wheat-growing farms ofWashington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana.To Net Six Percent.Write for current offerings and for"THE NORTHWEST IN AGRICULTURE,"Our new booklet for investors, sent free on requestVermont Loan &Trust Co.BRATTLEBORO, Spokane,VERMONT WashingtonGet OurIncome ChartOur chart, showing thetrend of Municipal Bondprices since 1900, is ofinterest to all investorsand graphic proof of thepresent attractiveness ofMunicipal Bonds fromanincome-producingstandpoint.Write for your copy today.Ask for Chart " SMJ "W/ELLS-DICKEy COMPANY" ESTABLISHED 1878SURPLUS fi CAPITAL $ 1.300,000Minneapolis Minnesota75

Investment DiversificationTo practice complete diversification the investorshould place a substantialfirst farmmortgages.part of his funds inW e offer 65^% and 7% first mortgages on prosperousfarms of the Southern states, negotiated bythe Georgia Loan & Trust Company of Macon.Since 1883 investors have placed over $40,000,-000 in these mortgages without loss.Before making your July commitmentsour currentofferings and our booklet"MortgagesPayable in Gold"send forTHETITLE GUARANTY &TRUST CO.FIRST BRIDGEPORT NATIONAL BANK BLDG.BRIDGEPORT,CONN.H0R7HERH OFFICE OF THE GEORGIA LOAN 81 TRUST COMACON, GEORGIAPETTERS FARMMORTGAGE INVESTMENTSPERMANENT AND PROFITABLEEMPLOYMENT OF FUNDSInvest Your July FundsIn Petters Farm MortgagesThey are safe, as is demonstrated bythe fact that no investor has ever lostmoney through them.They net 6%, a liberal income for sucha safe security.Our service relieves investors of all details.Write for our booklet The Scienceof Safe and Profitable Investing."PETTERSa n d COMPANySERVING INVESTORS SATISFACTORILY OVER 30 YEARSCAPITAL AND SURPLUS $400,000MCKNIGHT BLDG. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.Investing Scientificallyin Farm MortgagesLegal Service to Protect the InvestorAll mortgage loans must be drawn in conformancewith local real estate laws to prevent the possibilityof annoyance or loss.The papers comprising our first mortgage farm loansare carefully drawn and conform to ail legal requirements.We protect our clients against annoyancearising ooer technicalities.Safe-guardedin every detail, we recommendIowa and Missouri FarmWrite for booklet and current offeringsMortgagesPHOENIX TRUST C O M P A N YOTTUMWAIOWAFinancial Situation, continued from page 74wrecks of the great war, but which may neverthelessquite possibly wear a very different aspectwhen Russia shall have shaken off the incubus ofthe Petrograd fanatics and entered a period ofreal development for her immense natural resources.In our own present case, the force of this economiclogic combines with overflowing Americanresources; with the opportunity for desirable investmentwhich rarely arises except in the aftermathof an exhausting war; with Europe's necessitiessuch in character that our payment for hersecurities will be made in goods whose productionwill keep our merchants and workmen busy, andwith our financial assistance to her in her hour ofeconomic need a natural supplement to our militaryassistance at the Marne and in the Argonne.Perhaps, after all, the paramount reason for regardingas inevitable this new departure in ourfinancial relations with the foreign world is thefact of the epoch-making change which has alreadyand irrevocably occurred in our politicalrelations. Emerging from the war the recognizedworld-power in international diplomacy, the responsibilitiesof the United States in internationalfinance are such as it could not refuse to shoulder,even if it had wished to do so.General Motors Corporation6% Debenture Stock(Listed on New York Stock Exchange)(Exempt from Normal Federal Income Tax)A preferred participation in the leadingcorporation in America's third largest industry.No bonds ahead of it.Present earnings, after taxes, six timesdividend requirements.Earnings for five years, after taxes, haveaveraged annually six times dividend requirementson largest amount outstandingin that period.Net assets—$277 for each $100 share, whenentire present issue is outstanding.Protective provisions unusually strong.Yield, at present prices, over 673 %,carrying dividend from May 1stA sound, profitable investment for July funds. Manyprudent investors arc selling higher priced preferredstocks and buying General Motors Debenture,substantially increasing their income return.Write for Circular GMODominick & DominickMembers New York Stock Exchange115 Broadway New YorkEstablished 187076

THE UNIQUE INVESTMENT—THE MORTGAGE LOANBY HORACE B. MITCHELL[The second of a series of articles describing real-estate mnrtgage investments.The third will appear in an early issue,]HE real-estate mortgage is unique. Ithas no parallel in the field of investmentsecurities, as the term is generally understood.In other classes of securities the investment as awholeisdivided up amongmanyholders. In thecase of the mortgage pure and simple the investmentis held by one single person who has exclusivecontrol over it and, if he so wishes, exclusivecontrol of the means of enforcing its terms.The term mortgage comes from the old Normanlaw, "mort," meaning "dead," and"gage," meaning "pledge." The mortgage,therefore, was simply a "dead pledge." Inlending money on mortgages in early Englishdays the creditor took possession of the propertywith the agreement that the loan shouldbe paid on a certain day. In the event of failureto pay the loan when due, absolute title tothe property passed to the mortgagee and thepledge was "dead."There was in those days, however, anotherand highly interesting type of real-estate loan.This was called the " vifgage," or "live pledge."Under this method the creditor took temporarytitle and possession of the property but wasrequired to apply all the rents or profits to therepayment of the loan. When principal andinterest were paid off by this method and theentire indebtedness was cancelled, the propertypassed back to the borrower. The peculiarityof the old Anglo-Saxon real-estate law was thatthe loan required that the lender be putactuallyin possession of the land, and unless in possessionthe King's court would pay no heed to theagreement under wdnch the loan was made.In many ways the law, viewed through moderneyes, was strangely defective. In the eventof default under a mortgage the borrower lostall his right and title to the property even ifits value amounted to several times that of theloan. Nor would the law protect the lender.If he should be cast out of possession, even bythe borrower himself, the lender could not recoverpossession of the land at law.The reason was an odd one: What the creditorwas really entitled to was not the land butthe debt, and he had no right to sue for repossessionof the mortgaged land as security. Thenatural result was this, that rude and primitiveborrowers sometimes cancelled their indebtednessby the simple process of taking a twohandedsword and ousting the lender from themortgaged property. It will thus be seen thatin early English days the life of a mortgage in-Continued on page 78Good BondsBacked by aGood NameVery apparently this company hasentrenched itself in the good opinionof investors.There is observable a steadilygrowing and deepening convictionthat the name of the Federal BondCBt, Mortgage Company does add acertain and definite value to itsbond issues apart from the valueof the bonds themselves.And so, as a direct and natural result,more and more men andwomen are coming to regard the6% First Mortgage Real EstateSerial Gold Bonds offered by thiscompany as the most desirableissues to be had.The simple truth of the matter isthat the issues recommended bythis company are thoroughly exceptionalexamples of this typeof security.Mail your request today for"Questions and Answers on BondInvestment"Federal Bond&Mortgage Co.90 South Griswold Street Detroit(213)

M I L L E RS E R V I C EFor Investors inReal EstateMortgage BondsThe policy, aim and work of G. L.Miller&Company is to secure forour customers high-grade, goodpayinginvestments in first mortgagereal estate bonds.After thorough advance investigation,we underwrite first lienmortgage loans on modern income-bearingproperties in prosperousSouthern cities. In everydetail these loans conform torecognized conservative bankingpractice.Conditions in our territory enableus to net the investor 7%.There are numerous features ofMiller Service all of which combineto safe-guard the investor's interestsand relieve him of detail.Let us send you ourliteraturedescribing Miller Service, ourbooklet entitled "Banking Credentials"and details of ourcurrentofferings.G. L. Miller & CompanyIncorporated112 Hurt Bldg. Atlanta, Ga.Also Miami, Fla.Continued from page 77vestor was not a happy one nor one calculatedto increase one's peace of mind or personalsafety. In other words, mortgages were notthen as they are now, worry-proof investments.Notwithstanding all the difficulties in theway, both the mortgage and the vifgage werefreely employed as a means of raising readymoney. In the twelfth century, as Glanvill relates,the Duke of Normandy mortgaged hisentire duchy to the King of England. Manyof the English Crusaders financed their expeditionsby mortgaging their castles and lands.Shakespeare himself once borrowed money onmortgage and this method of turning a fixedasset into ready cash has been widely in useamong English-speaking peoples,and to a somewhatless extent on the continent of Europe,for centuries.Mortgage laws differ in various States in theUnion, but in general they are so drawn as tofurnish adequate protection to both borrowerand lender. In nearly all States the borrowerhas an equity of redemption in the event of default,that is, he is granted a certain period oftime after the date of maturity of the loan, andeven after foreclosure, to settle his indebtednessand recover possession of his property.The investor is protected as a rule by strictlegal definitions insuring his right to take possessionof the lender's property if the debt benot paid and eventually to sell it and apply theproceeds to the extinction of the mortgage.Modern city mortgage loans are best dividedinto two classes: On vacant property and onimproved property. A loan on "vacant,"like a second mortgage on any kind of property,is scarcely an investment for any one save aprofessional. The land produces no income,not even enough to meet the taxes or interest,and the borrower, therefore, must call on otherresources to pay these fixed charges. Moreover,in the event of foreclosure and sale of theproperty, the investor would find a much slowermarketforvacant than for improved property—indeed, in periods of stringency there is oftenno market for vacant property at any figure.Loaning on improved real estate gives severalgreat advantages. In the first place, the locationof the property is likely to be much morefavorable than in the case of vacant land, witha more active and equitable market in case itshould become necessary to sell. In addition,the improvements earn an income, usually inthe shape of rentals. It is always a good precautionto insist at the very least that this incomeshould be sufficient to pay interest, taxes,and insurance, and still better, to reduce theprincipal, as shown later.78

The old hard-headed school of mortgage investorshad one great rule-of-thumb test of amortgage loan which once was stated with greatvigor by one of them: " What I want to knowis this: What is the foreclosure value of thisproperty?" Having determined this point,the old-fashioned mortgage buyer would loan50 per cent to 60 per cent of this amount andbe content, feeling that his interests were fullysafeguarded.The great faults in mortgage loans of thischaracter, however, are two in number. Inthe first place, no provision is made to pay offthe mortgage at maturity. When the principalcomes due at the end of three or five years, asis customary, the borrower usually will wish torenew his mortgage. If the lender insists onpayment, the borrower must obtain the fundsthrough a new mortgage placed elsewhere orperhaps sacrifice some other interest to meethis indebtedness. If he cannot raise the necessaryfunds, the investor finds himself compelledto foreclose and perhaps to take possession ofthe property himself, thus being required to gointo the real-estate business and finding an investmentwhich should be trouble-free suddenlytransformed to one full of trouble andrequiring care, time, expense, and sometimesskilful management.In the second place, at the end of the termof a five-year mortgage the property perhapshas changed greatly in value. The improvementshave depreciated. The neighborhoodmay have changed in character and the landmay have lost in value. The equity or marginof safety protecting the mortgage, representingthe difference between the total amount of theloan and the value of the property, has lessened.Indeed, it may have vanished entirely and theproperty be worth less than the debt.To meet both these objections, the French,some seventy-five years ago, introduced thesystem of amortization. The word means thegradual "killing" or reduction of the mortgageindebtedness. Working with Gallic precisionand clearness of thought, the French developeda system whereby the entire indebtedness waspaid back over a number of years, principaland interest payments being made together inan exactly equal amount each year. Theseloans were usually for long periods, thirty yearsbeing a favorite term. For example, in a loanof 10,000 francs at 5 per cent interest, a paymentof approximately 700 francs a year orabout 7 per cent of the total debt would meetthe 5 per cent interest and at the end of thirtyyears extinguish the principal.This system of long-term loans does notreadily apply to changing American conditions.Continued on page 8079A free booklet showinghow to invest any sizesum (minimumMortgage Trust Co.415 Pine StreetSt. Louis$50) atgood interest rates—withsafety—for any desiredtime (from 2 months to 5years).The investments are securedby firstForanyonewith\ idlei\fundsmortgageloans, held in trust, andguaranteed as to paymentof principal and interest.For Short Turn-OversCumulative InvestmentApportionment of IncomeMissouriAdaptable—Safe—Short orLong Time Investments.

Lackner, Butz & CompanyIntroduction to Scribner ReadersREAL ESTATE MORTGAGESPECIALISTSOur business is confined to first mortgagereal estate bonds, secured byimproved income - bearing Chicagoproperty. We underwrite issues andcasry them with our own funds untilplaced with investors.FOUNDED 1904LACKNER & BUTZ began loaning onChicago Real Estate in 1904, whenthey took over a long established business.References: First National Bank,Chicago; State Bank of Chicago;Chicago Title & Trust Company.SERVICE FOR INVESTORSWe offer 6% first mortgage bonds, denominations$100, $500, and $1000;maturities one to five years; partialpayment plan or outright investment;and attend to every detail during thelife of the investment.May we send you descriptive literature ofcurrent offerings ?LACKNER butz&companytn w ' INVESTMENT B A N K E R S1 , 1C O N W A Y B U I L D I N G • • • C H I C A G OA S E V E R EC O M P A R I S O NThe investment of the futuremust offer a degree of safetycomparable to the standard setby The Victory Liberty Loanand our previous War Loans.Experienced investment institutionsand conservative privateinvestors now hold over fourbillion dollars in first farm mortgages.Our own company hasnegotiated more than $20,000,-000 of these loans. No investorhas ever lost a dollar throughinvestment in them.These safe investmentsNet You Six Percent.Write for current offeringsand illustrated bookletThe New England Securities Co.CAPITAL & S U R P L U S * 4 0 0 . O O OKansas CityMissouriIContinued from page 70It has been introduced in this country but hasnot met with wide favor. Most amortizedmortgage loans in America are made for a termof five or ten years. A comparatively smallamount, ordinarily about 2 per cent, is paid onthe principal each year so that the reduction ofthe indebtedness amounts to 10 or 20 per cent—about enough to atone for the depreciationof the property. In another typical mortgageloan made under a different system, a loan of$10,000, running for five years, is reduced by apayment of $1,000 at the end of three yearsand $1,500 at the end of four years, leaving atotal of $7,500 coming due at the end of fiveyears. Both these systems are imperfect.They do not entirely meet the first objection,but still they represent an improvement, sincehalf a loaf is better than no bread.In some cities methods of loaning moneyon mortgage are unscientific in the extreme anda direct violation of fundamental rules of soundfinancing. Many borrowers never think ofpaying the principal of their indebtedness atall but renew and renew again at the expirationof each three or five year period, intending thatthe loan shall stand as a sort of perpetual indebtednessagainst the property. This is on theprinciple, as a well-known savings-bank presidentpointed out, of "I'd rather owe it to youall my life than cheat you out of it."Such owners often think themselves ill-usedif the investor insists on a reduction of his indebtedness.And yet it is obvious that thismust be done if he is to be protected, sinceproperty often will deteriorate heavily in aperiod of ten or twenty years.A few years since there was a striking exampleof the evils of this system in New YorkCity. A widow was very largely dependent onthe income of a building in the wholesale districtleased to a large firm. The lease had beenmade years before on a highly favorable basisand represented a net income of approximately10 per cent of a fair valuation of the property.She had mortgaged her property, the loan representingabout 60 per cent of its value, but, inaccordance with this practice, she renewed theloan each time it came due, the mortgagee notinsisting on a reduction. Within a strikinglyshort space of time the character of the neighborhoodchanged. The wholesale firms made awholesale migration to better quarters, thelease expired, and her tenant also moved out.She found herself with an old and run-downproperty on her hands producing no incomewhatever. She managed to meet the interestpayments but when the mortgage came due shecould not pay. The loan went into foreclosure,and as the property had greatly deteriorated in

value, the widow not only lost her entire holding,but the mortgagee, when he finally got ridof the building, for several years a white elephanton his hands, found that he had lost morethan 50 per cent of his mortgage investment.This is a story which is typical and illustratesvividly the danger of violating the principles ofsound financing in mortgage investment.In times gone by, mortgage loans wereusually made between borrower and lender,sometimes on a basis of friendly accommodation,this often resulting in turning friendshipinto enmity. A better method is to negotiatethe loan through a lawyer or a broker whowill pass an independent judgment on thevalue or desirability of the property, make certainthat title is free from flaw, that proper insuranceis carried, and that all the legal detailsare thoroughly seen to, and the necessary documentsrecorded.This is still an imperfect method, however.The most modern way, which is rapidly supersedingall others, is to make one's loan througha responsible investment banking-house. Sucha house carries mortgages in stock just as agrocer carries merchandise on his shelves. Themortgages may vary in size from small lots ofa thousand or two thousand dollars on somelittle suburban dwelling to large loans runninginto tens of thousands on high-grade apartmentor business property. All of them, however,have been carefully investigated and bought bythe banker with his own funds before beingoffered for sale. This method insures impartialinvestigation, expert knowledge, and the pointof view of men of experience in all the ins andouts of real estate mortgage lending.Some banking firms guarantee the loans theysell. This is usually done at a fee of one-halfof 1 per cent a year, reducing the income on a$ l /2 per cent mortgage to 5 per cent. Some investorsprefer guaranteed loans, while othersfeel that an annual fee of about one-tenth ofthe entire income is too high a premium to payfor such insurance. Some investment banksguarantee prompt payment of both principaland interest, while others guarantee intereston the day due but payment of principal onlyafter eighteen months. Some banks do notguarantee the loans they offer but feel thattheir prestige and reputation are so bound up inthe soundness of the securities they sell thatin cases of default they have in many instancesbeen known to take the defaulted security backfrom the investor, paying him in full, bothprincipal and interest, and to prosecute the*foreclosure proceedings themselves.The practice in regard to collection of principaland interest also varies widely. Some in-Continued on page 82Money to Loan on Business PropertiesWe invite correspondence fromcorporations or individuals desiringloans on retail or wholesalebusiness properties, centrally locatedin business districts of citieshaving populations of 30,000 ormore. Current rates of interestand commission.All mortgages must be a first lien— no second mortgages or leaseesohold estates will be even considered.Money advanced onconstruction loans as work progresses.Size of loans limitedonly by value of the security.Loans payable by our serial paymentplan.to your recruirements.Write particulars asReal Estate Loan DepartmentMercantile Trust Company, St. Louis, Mo.CAPITAL AND SURPLUS, $9,500,000 MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE BANK81

SelectedInvestmentSecuritiesWe own and offer subject to previous sale:$217,000POTTAWATTAMIE COUNTY, IOWA5% FUNDING BONDSExempt from all Federal Income TaxesMaturing January 2nd, 1924 to 1938 InclusiveFinancial StatementActual assessed valuation . $92,192,163Total bonded debt . . . 625,500Population (1915) . . . 56,896This county is one of the richest agricultural counties ofthe state of Iowa, in the heart of the Corn Belt of the MiddleWest. Land is conservatively valued at $225 to $300 per acre.Council Bluffs the County Seat has 29,292 people served byeight great trunk lines of railroads, is one of the largestagricultural implement distributing points in the Country aswell as having the largest grain storage Elevators in theMissouri Valley, and doing a large jobbing and distributingbusiness in all lines.Price to net 4.60%acceptable as security for Postal SavingsSend for circular No. B 40 and list of othersecurities.Bankers Mortgage CompanyCapital $2,000,000Des Moines, IowaCHICAGONEW YORK112 West Adams St. 512 Fifth AvenueRandolph 5700 Vanderbilt 2712Write the nearest office1/2 % SAFELY 6%5 SECUREDFARM MORTGAGESInvest in Farm Mortgages, and you willnot have to consult the financial pages ofyour newspaper every morning to determinewhat you are worth. You can alwaysinventory your farm mortgages at par;they possess greater stability than almostany other form of investment.We offer for sale the highest type of theseinvestments—first mortgages on improved,productive farms in the famous "BlackWaxy Belt" of Texas. Correspondencesolicited.For a free copy of our book " Investing",write us on your business stationery.TEXAS MORTGAGE COMPANYT. J. COLE, Presl.Paid up Capital $200,000DALLAS,TEXASContinued from page 81vestment banks collect and remit to the investorwithout charge and in addition makecertain that insurance on the improvements ismaintained. The taxes are watched and theproperty is kept in repair, thus giving a wellroundedinvestment service. Others leave allthese details to the investor or perform themonly on payment of a fee.Whether the investor places his money undermortgage direct or invests through a bankinghouse,however, either he himself or some one actingon his behalf should determine the soundnessof the mortgage by submitting it to tests whichare well recognized by experts as sound andnecessary. These tests include the following:1. Is the property well located in a city anda district where real-estate values are firm,stable, and steadily growing, and which is protectedagainst deterioration?2. Is the property earning an income sufficientto meet at least interest, taxes, and insurance,and, if possible, to reduce the principalof the indebtedness as well ?3. Is provision made for amortization or reductionof the principal, and if so, how effectiveis the provision ?4. Is there a sufficient equity or margin ofsafety protecting the loan ?5. Are the improvements new or nearly new,so that they are at the maximum of their earningpower and least subject to depreciation ?6. Is the building of modern type and goodconstruction ?7. Is it well suited to its neighborhood andto the rental demand therein?8. Is title to the property without flaw andis ample fire insurance carried?9. Have all legal details been properly lookedafter ?10. Is the borrower financially and morallyresponsible ?Mortgages which meet the above tests maybe classified as good mortgages and safe investments.Virtually all the trouble which hasever been experienced by mortgage lenders inthe past is due to the neglect of one or more ofthese requirements. The investor who observesthe above tests faithfully is not likely to lose.That mortgages as a class have beenfaithful to the trust imposed in them by hundredsof thousands and millions of investors isevident from their record. Taken as a whole,it has been a favorable one. Millions of smallmortgage deals are made each year and theproportion of them which result in losses issmall indeed—a striking commentary on thefundamental soundness of this type of securitywhen properly safeguarded.82

INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL LITERATUREFOR FREE DISTRIBUTIONMany instructive and interesting booklets, circulars, and periodicals on investment, financial and kindredsubjects are published by institutions whose advertising appears in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE.Following is a list of literature now available. To obtain booklets in which you are interested, writedirect to the issuing houses, mentioning the Investors' Service Bureau of SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE.INVESTORS' POCKETLIBRARYA series of pamphlets discussing fundamental investmentmatters in an elementary manner. The series includes thefollowing titles:GENERAL INVESTMENT SUBJECTSHow to InvestBonds and the InvestorOur Foreign Bond HoldingsInvestment Position of Municipal BondsPartial Payment InvestmentsREAL ESTATE MORTGAGESReal Estate Securities—Strong Box InvestmentsThe Unique Investment—The Mortgage LoanFARM MORTGAGES(Five booklets)STORY OF THE NEW YORK STOCK: EXCHANGE(Eight booklets)Scribner's Magazine, 597 Fifth Avenue, New York.CURRENT INVESTMENT OFFERINGSBonds and Corporation Stocks for July Investment: FrederickH. Hatch Co., 74 Broadway, New York.Cities Service Co. Preferred and Common: Henry L. Doherty& Co., 60 Wail Street, New York.Investments for July Funds Yielding up to 7%: Peabody,Houghteling & Co., Chicago.Investment Suggestions: A. B. Leach & Co., 62 Cedar St.,New York.July Bond List: Hornblower & Weeks, New York, Boston,Chicago.July Investment List: S. W. Straus &* Co., 150 Broadway,New York, or Straus Building, Chicago.Merrimac Chemical Capital Stock: Earnest E. Smith 6* Co.,52 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass.FARM MORTGAGE INVESTMENTSAlberta Farm Mortgages: Associated Mortgage Investors,Rochester, N. Y.6% Farm Mortgages: Petters and Company, Minneapolis,Minn.Farm Land Bonds. ) Wells-Dickey Company,Farm Mortgage Investments. ) Minneapolis, Minn.Farm Loans and I. F. M. Co. Service: The Irrigated FarmsMortgage Co., Denver, Col.How Forman Farm Mortgages Are Made: Geo. M. Forman&* Co., Chicago, III.Illustrated Farm Mortgage Investments: New EnglandSecurities Co., Kansas City, Mo.Investing: Texas Mortgage Company, Dallas, Texas.Investing Scientifically in Farm Mortgages: Phoenix TrustCompany, Ottumwa, Iowa.Investments in First Grade Farm Mortgages: Denton-ColemanLoan cr Title Co.. Butler, Mo.Investograph: Gold-Slabeck Company, Minneapolis, Minn.Iowa _ Investments: Bankers Mortgage Company, DesMoines, Iowa.Mortgages on Money-Making Farms: Capital Trust &•Savings Bank, St. Paul, Minn.Mortgages Payable in Gold: The Title Guaranty and TrustCo., Bridgeport, Conn.Peace Investments: Investors Mortgage Co., New Orleans,La.The Great Wheat Way: The Farm Mortgage Trust Co., To-Peka, Kans.The Northwest in Agriculture: Vermont Loan 6* Trust Co.,uBratlleboro, Vt.We're Right on the Ground," and descriptive offerings ofinvestments: E. J. Lander & Co., Grand Forks, N. D.INVESTMENTBOOKLETSAnalysis of the Ten Liberty Loans: Wells-Dickey Company,Minneapolis, Minn.letting the Most Out of Your Money: Babson's StatisticalOrganization, Wellesley Hills, Mass.Public Debt: Bankers Trust Co., 16 Wall St., New York.^-interest Return an Index of Safety? A. II. Bickmore &•Co., III Broadway, New York."flat- Finance Means: Breed, Elliott & Harrison, 105 S.Salle Street, Chicago, III., Cincinnati, Indianapolis.83REAL ESTATEINVESTMENTSA Buyer's Guide to Good Investment: Federal Bond fir MortgageCo., go S. Griswold Street, Detroit, Mich.Chicago 6% First Mortgage Real Estate Bonds: Lachner,Butz &* Company, Conway Building, Chicago, III.Guaranteed First Mortgage Participations: Mortgage TrustCo., 415 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo.Miller Service, How It Insures, Protects and Safeguards theBond Buyers' Investment Interests: G. L. Miller b° Co.,Atlanta, Ga.Questionnaire for Investors, Fourth Edition: S. W. Straus£r Co., 150 Broadway, New York, or Straus Building, Chicago.The Key to Safe Investment: Federal Bond &• MortgageCo., 90 S. Griswold Street, Detroit, Mich.PARTIAL PAYMENTPLANAcquiring Doherty Securities by Monthly Payments:Henry L. Doherty & Co., 60 Wall Street, New York.A Safe Way to Save: Bankers Mortgage Company, DesMoines, Iowa.Forman Farm Mortgages and the Forman Monthly PaymentPlan: George M. Forman &* Co., Chicago, III.Partial Payments for Investment Securities: Hernck &*Bennett, 66 Broadway, New York.Savings Payment Plan: Halsey, Stuart &* Company, 209 S.La Salle St., Chicago.Systematic Investing: Mortgage Trust Co., 415 Pine St.,St. Louis, Mo.MUNICIPALBONDSBonds as Safe as Our Cities: Wm. R. Compton Co., St.Louis, Mo.Bonds That Always Pay: Kauffman-Smith-Emert InvestmentCo., St. Louis, Mo.How to Invest Without Loss: Stern Brothers 8r Co., KansasCity, Mo.Investing in Municipal Bonds: Stacy &* Braun, Toledo, Ohio.Taxable versus Tax-free Investments: Wells-Dickey Company,Minneapolis, Minn.The South and Southern Municipal Bonds: Stacy &* Braun,Toledo, Ohio.BANKING AND FINANCEAcceptances: The National Shawmut Bank of Boston, 40Water Street, Boston, Mass.A Graphic Study of the Illinois Central Railroad Company:The National City Co., 55 Wall St., New York City.Acceptances, including Regulations and Rulings of the FederalReserve: The National City Co., 55 Wall St., NewYork City.General Motors Corporation—Its Organization, Productsand Financial Structure: Dominick &* Dominick, 115Broadway, New York.Loose Leaf Security Record: Halsey, Stuart £r Company,209 S. La Salle St., Chicago.New Federal Income Tax Law: A. B. Leach & Co. 62 CedarSt., New York.Tax on Personal Incomes—State of New York: GuarantyTrust, 140 Broadway, New York.Why You Should Make a Will; and How: Guaranty TrustCo., 140 Broadway, New York.PERIODICALS AND MARKETLETTERSBond Topics: A. H. Bickmore & Co., i n Broadway, New York.Independent Oil Stocks: Herrick £r Bennett, 66 Broadway,New York.Industries of New England: Earnest E. Smith 6* Co., 52Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.FOREIGN TRADELITERATUREAmerica's Financial Equipment for Foreign Trade: BankersTrust Co., 16 Wall St., New York.Banking Service for Foreign Trade: Guaranty Trust Co., 140Broadway, New York.Essentials in Exporting: Austin Baldwin &* Co., Inc., 44Whitehall St., New York.The Webb Law: The National Shawmut Bank of Boston,Boston, Mass.

OVERSEAS TRADEContinued from page 132ly. The apparatus of business andfinance is destroyed.This description needs to be modifiedfor Siberia, where order is being achievedand signs of a renewal of economic lifeare at hand.This may appear a painful and discouragingrecital. Any student of Russianhistory knows, however, that this isnot the first time that the country has gonethrough a severe trial and come out of it.It is safe to say that, given order, food,and clothing, and a chance to go to work,Russians will surprise every one by theirrecuperative powers.Nothing will bring order and contentmentso quickly as the mere resumption ofbusiness life, which brings us to the considerationof Russia's needs. Russiadoes not ask for charity.The leaders of the Russian Co-operativeSocieties in America, when asked as to theneeds of their millions of peasant members,submitted the following list:Foodstuffs, such as sugar, condensed milk,tea, coffee, fats, margarine, cocoa, and chocolate.Agricultural implements, tools, and, in somecases, tractors.Bar and sheet iron.Hardware.Kitchen utensils and cutlery.Machines and tools for factories and repairshops.Clothing.Shoes and sole leather.Textiles—cotton and woollen—thread.To this list may be added raw materialsfor the idle factories, such as cotton, wool,jute, coal, and pig iron.Other items are cattle for breeding purposes,seeds, and fertilizers.These needs, of course, vary from onepart of the country to another. Thenorth Caucasus and western Siberia havesurplus stocks of grain; western Siberiaalso has butter, but needs sugar verybadly. The northern and central regionsare stripped of everything.Such are Russia's most immediateneeds. What has she to offer us?Northern Russia has at this time verylittle. Because of food conditions, gangshave not gone into the forest during thewinter and felled timber as normally.Fur-hunting has also greatly decreased.Central Russia, when the Bolshevikrule shall have ended, has considerablesupplies of flax and probably accumulatedstocks of hides and skins.South Russia is better provided withgoods for exchange. The Russian EconomicLeague, in New York, recently receiveda very interesting letter from largebanking interests declaring that theycould furnish, at Black Sea ports, largelots of potash, leaf tobacco, sunflowerseed oil cake, skins, cement, and benzine.Fair quantities of manganese ore havebeen offered by other interests.Siberia has wheat, hides, skins, butter,flax, and hemp.As to practical ways and means ofdoing business at this time, these arechiefly exemplified in dealings with Siberia.Some business is being done withArchangel under official supervision.The War Trade Board has been instrumentalin despatching food and seed cargoes.One vessel has gone to the BlackSea from the United States. The AlliedBlockade Committee is watching developmentsin the Baltic Provinces and permittingtrade just as soon as conditionsmake it possible. A recent order openedEsthonia to shipments, but this is practicallygovernment buying.As regards financing shipments, thereare three principal methods available:8 4(Continued on page 86)

NIKKOThe City ofAncient TemplesDON'T use the word nekko (splendor) until youhave seen Nikko," say the Japanese, and thenatural beauty and historical associations of this cityof 20,000 with its delightful climate, have causedthe foreigners also to regard it as the chief attractionof the empire.OFFICERSG E R H A R D M . D A H LPresidentL I N D S A Y R U S S E L LChairman, Board of DirectorsA U G U S T B E L M O N TVice- PresidentE U G E N E C. W O R D E NSecretaryD O U G L A S L. D U N B A RAsst. to PresidentO S C A R E. R I L E YManagerB A N K E R SDIRECTORST R U S T CO.TreasurerU. N. BethellHenry ClewsI. HamaokaHamilton HoltHoward MansfieldDon C SeitzK.SekoWilliam H. WilliamsAlexander TisonGerard SwopeDarwin P. KinersleyJacob H. SchiffHerbert S. HoustonA. W. BuroliardThomas W. LamontGuy E. TrippGeo. J. BaldwinJames R. MorseR. AraiWilliam North DuaneR. IchinomiyaDr. Jokichi TakamineEmerson McMillinA. Barton HepburnHon. Elbert H. GaryHere are the ancient temples, the three and fivestoriedpagodas, and the mausoleum of the founderof the Tokugawa Shogunate, the latter costing$8,500,000 and requiring twelve years to build.Also may be seen the Sacred Cistern, the DrumTower and the many famous shrines with at allseasons ancient religious observances and festivals.Ten miles uphill is Lake Chuzenji, one of the wondersof Japan, which has furnished inspiration tohundreds of the Empire's ancient artists and those ofmodern schools, and downhill from Nikko fortwenty-four miles stretches a stately avenue shadedby tall Cryptomeria trees, 150 to 180 feet high withtrunks 30 feet in diameter.If interested in Japan—whether for trade, investment,travel or study—communicate with the Japan Society.Here you will find the information and advice youhave been seeking. This organization of 1400Americans places at your disposal its Trade, Traveland Service Bureaus, its News Service, PublicationDepartment and Trade Bulletin.How may we serve you?Japan Society(Organized 1907)165 Broadway New York85

86 Some Thoughts on Resumption of Trade With Russia(Continued from page 84)1. By the employment of the limitedamount of dollar exchange which can besecured in Archangel and Vladivostok atthis time. Some business is going forwardon this basis.2. In Vladivostok, through the mediumof the Japanese yen. This arises from acertain demand on the part of Japanesebanks and firms for rubles. The arrangementis disadvantageous to Americanfirms, however, and limited.3. By resort to barter or goods-exchangeon a large scale, whereby Americanmerchandise is exchanged for Russianraw materials. This involves a wellorganizedmachinery of collection, as wellas expert appraisers of Russian raw materials.So much for immediate business. Suchbusiness is not an end in itself, but ratherto be viewed as a means of keeping ourrelations with Russia alive and of gainingexperience and good will for the largerventures that must follow upon therecognition of a responsible governmentand the reorganization of Russian finance.It is clear that Russia is a tremendousbuyer who must be financed.The recital above of the limited quantitiesof goods which Russia has to offer isin itself testimony to the inadequacy ofsuch goods to pay for even a fraction ofRussia's requirements. A way must befound to help Russia to receive the goodsshe needs while her resources and productionare being developed. That there isa risk involved in Russia is undoubted,but the penalty for ignoring this countrywill be that its disorder may become amenace to the world, and that ultimatelythe market will be turned over to others,especially Germany.What are the trade possibilities in Russiawhich atone for the risks undergoneby our government or large business concernsin extending economic aid? EnthusiasticRussians and others often talkof boundless possibilities in Russia as if itwere an El Dorado. I think it is questionablethat Russia possesses the richesof the virgin United States of fifty yearsago. There are many contradictions inRussia: thus, Siberia has grand rivers,but they flow into the semi-inaccessibleArctic Ocean; Russia has enormous timberresources, but the quality is not uniformlyhigh, and a great part of them isinaccessible because of the lack of railroadsyet to be built. The catalogue ofRussia's principal resources would includetimber, minerals, a large part of the storesof which is still unsurveyed, and agriculturalproducts. Patience and hard workare needed to develop these. These resourcesare of great value and indispensableto a modern world, with a constantlyincreasing population and exhaustion ofnatural supplies.To the business man, however, Russiais the unique opportunity of all time, becauseone hundred and eighty million people,essentially of sound white stock andspeaking essentially one language, andwho have been held back by a cruel combinationof natural and political circumstances,are now, as a result of the greatwar, launched upon and thrown in contactwith the modern world. It is the progressof this multiplying population in civilization—intrying to catch up with the rest ofthe world—that will furnish the opportunitiesfor profit and for service. Here is thefield for American capital.It is readily seen that, whereas everyone who has something to offer or a serviceto render is welcome in Russia, it is typicallya field for large-scale undertakings.Strong and well organized American concerns,who look upon world trade from astatesmanlike point of view, should behard at work studying Russia.Although disclaiming any intention tourge business men into activity by presentingthe bogey of what the competitornations are doing, it will not be amiss tostate that Japanese interests are veryactive in Siberia at this time in banking,investment, and in the sale of merchandise.Indeed, Japanese goods are practicallythe only ones offered at this time inthe retail trade.The British Government has establishedthe Siberian Supply Company, underthe control of the British Board ofTrade, which is managed by a very capablebusiness man, Mr. Leslie Urquhart,who has had a long business experience(Continued on page 88)

DEVELOPING TRADEWITH LATIN AMERICAThe fortunes of war gavethe United States dominancein trade with Latin America.Lack of foreign competitionmore than doubled the prewarvolume of business.Now that the old-worldnations are re-entering themarket, business men in thiscountry must be better informedand financed than ever,if trade is to be developed.The National ShawmutBank of Boston offersspecial facilities for handlingbusiness with Southand Central America.We are in close, constanttouch with all parts of thecontinent. We can thus supplycommercial and credit informationof unusual authority.Shawmut Service enablesexporters to overcome thedifficulty of long-time credits.By the use of acceptances,these credits may be turnedimmediately into cash.Our Foreign Department isorganized to finance shipments,arrange credits, make collectionseverywhere—tocooperate in the broadestpossible way with manufacturers,merchants andothers seeking new businessin this field.THE NATIONAL SHAWMUT BANK of BostonResources over $200,000,000Correspondence invited. Our booklets on "Acceptances'" and "The Webb Law"explain methods of financing and developing foreign trade. Write for copies.87

88 Some Thoughts on Resumption of Trade With Russia(Continued from page 86jin Russia in connection with the KishtymCopper Mines and other concerns.With regard to trade with South Russia,The London Daily Telegraph, ofMarch 17, carried an announcementstating that arrangements had been concludedwhereby it will be possible for astrictly limited number of business mendesiring to proceed to Constantinopleand South Russia to travel via Marseillesand Malta. Business men wishing toavail themselves of these facilities wereasked to apply to the Russian Section,Department of Overseas Trade. ThomasCook & Son were to make the necessarybooking arrangements. The announcementadded that it was understood that aweekly steamship service had been establishedbetween Salonica and Odessavia Constantinople. In The LondonTimes of March 25 it was announced thatMr. Jules Hessen, chairman of the EasternCompany of Russia, the largesttransport concern in Russia, had concludedan agreement with the CunardSteamship Company by which that linewas to make a regular service betweenBritish and Russian ports.A most interesting announcement justmade is that Jonas Lied, organizer of theKara Sea Route through the Arctic, hasreceived the authorization of the Omskgovernment to send fifteen vessels to themouths of the Obi and Yenesei duringthis season. Return cargo will be thereawaiting them.It is only just to say that our ownShipping Board has declared itself readyand willing to establish sailings to Russianports whenever cargoes can be assured.We should use every element which canbe made constructive in the upbuilding ofRussian economic life. A group in theAmerican-Russian Chamber of Commercehas presented several plans for comprehensiveeconomic action in Russia: recently,for example, a scheme for anAmerican forwarding company, withwarehouse facilities at all the principalports. This scheme has the approvalalso of the Council on Foreign Relations.The Russian Economic League is composedof prominent business men of Russia.It has become lately somewhat thefashion in certain circles to condemn thisclass. While it is true that Russia wasbackward in commercial development andthat, as a result, Russian business wasdesigned more for profit than for service,it is equally true that these Russian businessmen are quite alive to the changeswhich have taken place in their country,and ready to meet the new conditionswith their undoubted business experienceand capacity, which we cannot afford toneglect.On the other hand, there are in Americaat this time accredited representatives ofthe great Co-operative Societies. Negativecritics have pointed out several faultsof these organizations. It is my beliefthat these faults may be classified eitheras inherent defects of the Russian characteror, as in the instance of tendencyto speculate of some local co-operativeorganizations, due to the dearth of goodsin the country. The Co-operative Societiesrest on a firm foundation and aredestined to play a very large role in thedevelopment of Russian economic life,particularly in the realm of distributionto the peasant millions. Business menwould do well to understand these organizations.In all dealings with Russia there mustbe borne in mind the lack of brains persquare mile; the need of competent people.It is not sufficient to send merchandiseor to invest money in Russia, butone must invest himself. In no countrvis there such an opportunity for personalservice. Business in Russia cannot bedone from a swivel chair in New York.Recently the Bolshevik or so-called"Soviet Government" has been seekingcommercial connections with the world.Immoral in principle and an economicfailure in practice, this group, as wasstated earlier, has capacity and desireonly to propagandize, not to construct.Substantial concerns will scarcely be attractedby the proposals of this group,which denies the ethical principles ofcommerce and which has ruined the businessmen of its own country. Such a"government" cannot have permanence.

One Way toHold Foreign TradeHow to secure foreign trade is sometimes not so difficultas how to hold it.Improper shipping and unsatisfactory financing haslost to American manufacturers many substantial customersin foreign markets.More than 70 years' experience in international tradingenables us to offer merchants and manufacturersa service in both shipping and financing export consignmentsthat will materially assist them in holdingtheir overseas business.Let lis send you our booklet, " Essentials inExporting"Austin Baldwin & Company, Inc.Established 184.844 Whitehall Street, New York"TREAT 'EM ROUGH"A RATTLING GOOD SLOGANfor the tank corps—but that'snot the way we handle yourcopy.Nor are our reproductionsmemorials of frightfulness.Send us your valuable copy;or whatever copy you wishhandled in a spirit of intelligentand sympathetic interpretation.Electro-Light Engraving Co.411 Pearl Street, New YorkFortyThousandLeading American Manufacturersand Merchants,the men who will controla large bulk of this country'soverseas commerce,may be put in touch withyour foreign trade serviceby our plan.For particulars,write toForeign Trade DepartmentSCRIBNER'SMAGAZINE597 Fifth Ave., New York89

A REGULARHOLD UPA few ounces of KAPO Ceibasilk asapplied by us will hold up the heaviestperson, in the water, for 3 months.(Used by U. S. and foreign Governments forthis purpose.)THAT 'S WHYTo Know Is toChoose WiselyYour doors, •window-frames, mantels,sideboard, floors—what woodshall they be made of?You can't, you mustn't make amistake in the part of the house youlive with and see most of. What ismore vexatious than a mistake—yourown mistake-—staring you out ofcountenance day after day!"Beautiful birch" is indeed beautiful;but so ere some other fine woods.Are they as hard, dent resisting, durableas birch? Do they take stains,paints and enamels as well and in aswide a variety as "Beautiful birch"?Are they as economical? Can you feetthemin handsome panels for interior woodwork?On the whole, probably you had bettersend for the FREE BOOK.It is called "Beautiful Birch for BeautifulWoodwork" and is a regular text book oninterior beautification. Shall we send it?The Birch Manufacturers215 F. R. A. Bids. Oshkosh. Wis.K A P OLIFE-SAVINGGARMENTSAbsolutely protect you from the danger ofdrowning and cramps and from all worry.Very light, comfortable, and secure.THEY ARE NOT FILLED WITH AIRSWIM-WINGS $2For Bathing and SwimmingWATER-VESTS $6For Boating and SwimmingOCEAN WAISTCOATS $12For Travelers and SportsmenFor MEN-WOMEN-CHILDRENChest measurements for all garments : — SizeNo. I. 24 to 30 inches; Size No. 2. 32 to36 inches; Size No. 3, 38 to 44 inches;. Size No. 4, 46 to 50 inches.Sold by Department and Sporting GoodsStores everywhere ; if not easily obtainable,will send post-paid upon receipt of price.Send for illustrated Booklet.KAPO MFC. CO.BOSTON. MASS.. U. S. A.IT ISN'T SAFE TO WAITCRANEbirchVALVES A N D FITTINGS90

BostonGarterSTEGER'JFte most valuable piano in the world5 The Steger piano is built with lovingcare by craftsmen whose ideals are expressedin its outward artistry and toneof unique beauty.9 Steger Pianos and Player Pianos areshipped to persons of responsibility. Writefor Steger Style Brochure and convenientterms. Steger dealers everywhere.STEGER & SONS PIANO MFG. CO.Founded by John V. Steger, 1879STEGER BUILDING, C H I C A G OFactories at Steger, IllinoisLift Corns outwith FingersA few drops of Freezoneapplied directly upon atender, aching corn stopsthe soreness at once andsoon the entire corn or callusloosens and can be liftedoff with the fingers withouteven a twinge of pain.FreezoneRemoves hard corns, soft corns, alsocorns between the toes and hardenedcalluses. Does not irritate or inflamethe surrounding skin or tissue. Youfeel no pain when applying it orafterward.Women! Keep a small bottle ofFreezone on your dresser and neverlet a corn ache twice.Small bottles can be had at anydrug store in the U.S. or CanadaTHE E D W A R D W E S L E Y CO. CINCINNATI, OHIOWith Low ShoesThe appearance of your ankles iseven more important than usual.To insure faultlessly smooth hose—B o s t o n G a r t e rGEORGEWhich is theBest Type ofMemorial to Erect ?This is answered by our "Suggestionsfor Memorials." This bookletcontainsFROST CO., BOSTON. MAKERS OFVelvet Grip Hose Supportersfor Women, Misses and Children.illustrations suitable formemorials to be erected by individuals,communities, and organizations.See these designs beforemaking a decision.Write today for booklet A which wewill send on request.TheHENRY-BONNARD BRONZE CO.Master Craftsmen in Bronze for 50 years22 Exchange Place New York91

There is danger intender gumsThe"Universal Call"of"White House Coffee"— radiating from the thousands of "stations'*(retail groceries) where fine coffeesare sold, finds ready responses of "YES;1 want some,'* from home "receiving stations"all over this broad country—where"White House*' quality and deliciousnessare recognized, respected and enjoyed bymore lhan 3,000,000of enthusiastic users.Just YOU listen—for this "universal call"is intended for YOUR ear, also.MakeYOUR home a "receiving station," notonly for the message, but for theCOFFEE, as well."White House"Coffee is deliberately planned to pleasepeople; and there will be no exceptionin YOUR case, we assure you."NONE BETTERAT ANY PRICE "DWINELL-WRIGHT COMPANYPnncipal Coffee RoastersBOSTONCHICAGOand clean.Forhan'sF O RT H EGUMSTO preserve heal thy teeththe ordinary tooth-pasteis futile.You must firstcare for the gums, on whichtooth health depends.Howmany people think ofthis ? Yet four out of five peopleoverforty suffer from gumdecay,or Pyorrhea (Riggs'Disease).At first the gums becometender, though actual gumshrinkageisButimperceptible.in time receding gumswill surely loosen your teeth,andthen only a dentist cansave them. The tender, bleedinggums of Pyorrhea alsoact as so many doorways fordisease germs to enter thesystem—infecting joints ortonsils—or causing otherailments.Forhan's (For the Gums)prevents Pyorrhea, if usedintime and used consistently.This means that it prevents. gum-shrinkage, gum-tenderness,gum-bleeding.So,automatically, Forhan'sprevents tooth loosening.iBrush your teeth with itIt scientifically cleans theteeth—keeps them whiteIf gum-shrinkage has alreadyset in, start usingForhan's and consult adentist immediately fortreatment35c and 60c tubesAll DruggistsFORHAKCO.200 Ctli Ave., y. Y.LATHESFor Gunsmiths, Tool Makers,I • \ itiKiii ;t) mill Kejiiiir Work, etcLathe Catalogue Free.W.F.&Jno. Barnes Co.528 Ruby St., Itoclifoid, III.82

GOODRICH"Quality First"WHAT orchidsare to flowers,Silvertown Cordsare to tires.Most graceful, mostdistinctive—thetires with the TwinRed Diamonds onthe sidewall.Buy Goodrich Tiresfrom a DealerSILVERTOWNCORD TIRES" B E S T IN THE L O N G R U N '

OF the many common-sense featuresabout Fatima the one thatseems to appeal to most men is this—that Fatima's mild and delicatelybalanced Turkish blend pleases thetaste and never gives you any worryabout "how many" you smoke.Again, men like the common-senseof Fatima's plain and inexpensivepackage because it makes possiblebetter value in the cigarette itself.FATI MAA Sensible Cigarette

The Aeronautic DepartmentA New Servicefor the Readers ofSCRIBNER'S MAGAZINETHE WAR did moreto advance aeronauticsin four yearsthan peace couldhave done in twenty.Inventors, engineers, manufacturersand aviators, under the lashof military necessity, drove aviationforward by leaps and bounds.Now the war is over. Thousandsof machines and pilots, tons ofmaterial and hundreds of factorieshave been released from warservice. And is all this dearlybought progress to be scrappedand aviation to be neglected ?Certainly not. War aviation isgiving place to peace aviation. •Scribner's Magazine, recognizingthat there is great interest in thisnew field of human progress, andbelieving it can be of distinctservice to its readers, announcesthe establishment of a departmentof aeronautics.Askour new Readers' ServiceDepartment questions regardingthe flying-machine for private orbusiness purposes.We are preparedto answer your questionsabout types and cost of machines;about spares, requirements forlanding-places, motors,buildingof hangars, books, instruments,maps, suitable clothing and otherequipment.Information and cooperationwill be given you withyour problems and we shall beglad to serve you promptly withthe best information available.TheAeronautic DepartmentScribner'sMagazineFifth Avenue at 48th Street, New York City93

GenuineBayer-Tabletsof AspirinAn unmarked tablet is like an anonymousletter—seldom honest, sometimes dangerousand always a. thine/ to beware of.TABLETSTin pocket boxeaof 12Bottles of 24Bottles of 100CAPSULESSealed packages of 12Sealed packages of 24Sealed bottles of 100Marked with the Bayer-Crossfor Your Additional ProtectionAspirin is the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of Monoaceticacidester of SalicylicacidThey will radiate brightness andTake Flowers Home cheerfulness in your home life. Yourlocal florist within a few hours can deliver fresh flowers to anypoint in the United States or Canada through the Florists' TelegraphDelivery Service. They will serve you.Pro-phy-lac-ticTooth Brush94

11W H E R E T O G OHOTEL RESORT-a-TRAV E L- DEPARTMENT— E*.-V E.«V MONTH IN T MAOALiNES —Review of Reviews Scribner's World's Work and Atlantic Monthly Century Harper's The Canadian Magazine. 13th YEARWrite our advertisers and refer to WHERE-TO-GO BUREAU, 8 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Ask us for travel advice. Enclose postageWhere-to-go Bureau forms for August close July 1st.CANADAATLANTIC CITY N.J.CANADACanada"Highlands of Ontario"Millions of acres of pine and balsam with thousandsof lakes and streams.and women.The meeca fur outdoor men"Algonquin Park" — "Muskoka Lakes"'30,000 Islands of Georgian Bay" —"Timagami"Kawartha Lakes" — "Lake of Bays."ohtels. Good fishingand delightful climate.ModernAltitude1,000 to 2,000 feet above the sea. Write for illustratedliterature:C. 6. Orttenbnrgcr, 907 merchants Loan and TrustBldg., Chicago. 111.U. It. Eastman, I Washington St., Boston, Mass.H. 31. Morgan, 1019 Chamber of Commerce RUIg.,Buffalo, N, Y.I. E. Burgls, 819 Dime Rank Bldg., Detroit, Mich.B.Chown, 1270 Broadway, New York Cltj', N. Y.Windermere HouseWindermere, Mushoka,Canada. Onfamous Muskoka Lakes. Modern imp's. Tennis onConcrete. Dancing. All water sports No hay fever.In making plans for your summer"Take a Planned Vacation"Send or call at any of these offices forPnrPArtbooklet "Nine Ideal Vacations."rilLL Tells where to go to Fish, Camp,Hunt, Travel, Rest, spend a fewdays away from home, see HistoricalPoints,combine Business with Pleasure or keep withina fixed expense.Canadian National RailwaysBoston, Mass.Chicago, 111.Detroit, Mich.Dululh, Minn.Minneapolis. Minn.New York, N. Y.Pittsburg, Pa.St. Louis, Mo.St. Paul, Minn.PLYMOUTH294 Washington Street64 W. Adams Street527 Majestic Building424 W. Superior Street311 Nicollet Avenue510 Woolworth Building214 Park Building311 Pierce BuildingCor. 4th & Jackson StreetsMASS.MAYFLOWER INNAMD COTTAGES 'Completed 1917. The mostmodern and beautifully ap-Lr pointed resort hotel in New— - - England. Located on ManometPoint, adjacent to historic Plymouth.Ideal for Cane Cod motorists.Golf unexcelled. Write for booklet.George R. Sanford, Manager, P. O.Plymouth, Mass.vacation, considerHISTORICand the famousQUEBECLower St. Lawrence River Resortstraveling via theQUEBEC CENTRALRAILWAYThrough Pullman cars with diningcar service fromNEW YORK, BOSTON, PORTLAND,The White Mountains and all New England points.For full information write6. D. Wadsworth, General Passenger AgentSherbrooke. Que.In the famous Rangeloy region,feet On hitrb forest land facin0% ?Ambassador

THE HOLLEY HOTELOn Beautiful Washington Square,New York CityA residential Hotel of great charm and Refinement.Headquarters for Army and Navy Folks.Conducted on the American Plan for Americans.Our Bus meets all incoming Steamers and conveysguests and hand baggage to Hotel free of charge.Rates uponapplicationKNOTT MANAGEMENTS. K. HILL, ManagerAnother one of thefamous Evans' ProductsEvansN O N - I N T O X I C A T I N GAleSoon lii lie mimed "Evans* *fiieoona Beveraffe" un.ler Gov't rulingA 20th Century drink that fascinates andholds the favor of persons who enjoy a fullbodied, substantial, mellow, and fragrantnon - intoxicating beverage. It meets thenew conditions as completely as the otherEvans' products have for the past 133 years.The family resemblance and distinctive excellenceare both there in a unique andgratifying manner.Supplied in bottles by Grocers, Druggists and DealersC. H. Evans ©, Sons Estab.1786 Hudson, N. Y.96AUSTRALIAHONOLULUSUVANEW ZEALANDCANADIAN AUSTRALASIAN ROYAL MAIL LINELARGEST. NEWESTBEST EQUIPPED STEAMERSFor fares and sailings apply Can. Pacific Ry. t1^.31 Broadway. N. V., or to' General Agent. 440Seymour St., Vancouver, B. C.KOR-KEREliminates Tire TroublesSeals Punctures—Stops Slow LeaksGives 50% more mileage.reserves tubes. 7 years' successin 40 countries. Not a filler.Does not affect resiliency. Keepstires fully inflated. Prevents 90%of tire troubles.Sendfor convincing literature.Open territory for live representativesALCEMO MFG. CO.145 Bridge St. Newark. N. J.

Hudson River by DaylightIdeal Route to Vacation ResortsYour enjoyment of this wonderful tripbetween New York and Albany isheightened by the cool, roomy decksand luxurious surroundings of the mostpalatial river steamers in the world.Direct rail connections to the Catskills,Berkshires, Adirondacks, Saratoga,Lake George, etc. All through iailtickets between New York and Albanyaccepted. Attractive one day outingsNew York to Bear Mountain, WestPoint, Newburgh and Poughkeepsie.Express Steamers "Washington Irving," "Hendrkk Hudson," "Robert Fulton" and "Albany"DailyIncluding SundayHudson River Day LineDesbrosses St. PierNew YorkThis DelightfulWaterway CostsLess—than travel byrail. The spacious luxurioussteamers of theD&CLine—the largestand most widely recognizedsteamer line inthe world—afford youevery convenienceand delight.Between Detroit,Cleveland and Buffaloyou can use your railticket*—accepted fortransportation ineither direction.Daily trips betweenDetroit, Buffalo andCleveland and fourtrips weekly betweenToledo, Detroit and MackinacDetroit & Cleveland NavigationCompanyPhillip H. McMillan, PresidentA. A. Schantz, Vice-Pres. and Gen. ManagerDetroit. Cleveland, Buffalo, NiagaraFalls, Port Huron, Alpena St. IgnaceSend 3c stamp forillustrated pamphletand Great Lakes Map.Address L. G. Lewis, 'G. P. A., Detroit,Michigan.RESERVE ACCOMMODATIONS ATCLARIDGE'SHOTELAVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEESPARISJ. ALETTIManaging DirectorMOST MODERN HOTELIN EUROPE300 Rooms and 300 BathroomsLarge and Spacious RestaurantGrill Room :: Bar Lounge and Tea RoomsSwimming Pool with HammamCABLE ADDRESS: " CLARIDGES, PARIS "97

VisitYour National PlaygroundsOut West This SummerThe National Parks suggest a vast region of peaks andcanyons, of glaciers and geysers, of big trees and volcanoes,and other natural wonders.You can fish, climb mountains, ride horseback andcamp out. You can motor and golf. You can "restup" in resort hotels.Complete information, includingillustrated booklets, describing theNational Parks and the West, will befurnished free. Ask your local ticketagent to help you plan your trip —or apply to the nearest ConsolidatedTicket Office — or write to the near-, est Travel Bureau.• UNITEDSTATES • RAILROAD ••ADMINISTRATION-98

"With Windows Framing Million-Dollar Pictures"Chateau LAKE LOUISEThere are many " most beautiful places in theworld.'; But ;' LOUISE," the " Pearl of theCanadian Pacific Rockies," is so differentlybeautiful ! Once you have seen it, and havelived some days at its wonderful Chateau, youwill always place it first.Pine-clad mountains, snow-crowned peaksand glaciers rise above it. And right at theedge of its iridescent waters, in a glory ofwild flowers, is the CHATEAU, one of themost perfectly appointed and commodioushotels of the Canadian Pacific chain of summerresorts—hospitable, welcoming, with everycreature comfort; a Paris-New York cuisine,music, dancing, and always interesting cosmopolitancompanions.Thrilling mountain sports ; foot trails ; ponyor tallyho to other lakes in the clouds; Alpineclimbing equal to any in Switzerland—no twodays outing alike.Even the memory of CHATEAU LAKE LOUISE is a tonicPlan now to go this summer. Season fromJune 1st] to September 30th. Make reservationsearly, for CHATEAU LAKE LOUISEis the coveted jewel of summer resorts. Forfull information, address :CANADIAN PACIFIC HOTELS1231 Broadway, New York Montreal, Canada 140 So. Clark St., Chicago99

prest-o-litebattery"Will She Be Late to the Wedding?""She Certainly Will Not!"THE Prest-O-Lite Service Station manhas just tested her Prest-O-Lite batteryand added distilled water.He is a battery specialist. He knows allabout the "insides" of the little black box ofpower that starts your engine and feeds yourlights.It is his business to know. He representsThe Oldest Service to Automobile Owners—the fastest-growing battery business inAmerica.More than one thousand Prest-O-Lite ServiceStation Managers are ready to prove toyou that Prest-O-Lite Service is thoroughlyorganized to relieve you of battery worries.They are waiting for an opportunity tomake tests every few weeks, keep the batterysupplied with the distilled water (withoutwhich it cannot produce "juice") and helpprevent needless repairs. If necessary torecharge or repair your present battery — nomatter what its make—they'll do so at reasonableprices.And when you need a new battery they cansupply you with a Prest-O-Lite of the sizethat exactly fits your car—the battery withmore pep, more power and greater endurancefor the daily grind. And believe us, it's "somebattery."Be good to yourself. Be good to your car.Give the Prest-O-Lite Battery and Prest-O-Lite Service a chance to prove themselves.Start now by calling at our nearest authorizedPrest-O-Lite Service Station.The Prest-O-Lite Company, Inc., 30 East 42nd Street, New YorkIn Canada: Prcst-0-Lilc Co. of Canada, Limited, TorontoThe Oldest Service to Automobile Owners in AmericaLook for the name Prest-O-Lite on Service Station signs everywhere100

Time to Re-tire?(Buy Fisk)

The Cord Tire is the tire for carsdriven by women. Il frees them fromtire troubles and makes safer and morecomfortable driving. And women thesedays know it They are among the mostconsistent users of Fisk Cord Tires—thetire of viiibli) value.coNSISTENT QUALITY IN A TIRE is never accidental.It calls for something more than a factory and good intentions.Experience for one thing. Purpose for another.ANY TIRE will give in mileage, in wear, in economy, in roadabilityonly what is put into it by the maker. Never more.THE VISIBLE V A L U E of Fisk Cord Tires is the result of twentyyears continuous tire manufacturing experience.Fish Cords made withRibbed and Flik Non-SktdTreadlFISK CORD TIRES ARE BIG, comfort-giving, gas-saving tiresthat deliver wonderful mileage. The scientific Fisk Non-SkidTread gives great tractive power and driving safety evenunder bad driving conditions. The thoroughbred appearanceof FISK CORDS enhances the looks of any car. Next time—BUY FISK.FISK CORD TIRESEngraved by BeckPainted by C. P. Held; for the Fisk Eubber Co.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF MOON CARSARE NOT RETOUCHED.MOONvictory modelLIGHT-SIXThe price of the Moon Caris an appeal to your reasonSt, Louis

PHOTOGRAPHS OF MOON CARS ARE NOT RETOUCHED.Quality throughoutFrame—Pressed steel, especially designedfor Hotchkiss drive; with deepstrangle in front to enable short turningradius. Rear tire carrier integralwith frame.Wheelbase—118 inches.Front Axle—Timken I-beam, drop forge,special heat treated.Rear Axle—Timken pressed steel, spiralgears.Brakes—Internal and external, 14-inchdrums.Propeller Shaft —Tubular, with twoSpicer universal joints.Springs—Front, semi-elliptic, 39 inches.Rear, semi-elliptic, 54 inches.Clutch—Borg & Beck, dry plate type.Motor—Continental Unit Power Plant;six cylinders, 3V£ x 4 16 inches, cast enbloc. New type cylinder heads, removable;pressed steel oil pan; enclosedvalves; lubrication pump andconstant level splash.Transmission — Brown-Lipe unit constructionwith motor and clutch, selectivesliding gear type, three speedsforward and reverse.Radiator—Fedders, honeycomb, nickelsilvershell. Water pump circulation.Battery—Exide, six volts.Starter and Ignition—Two-unit. Bendixdrive.Steering Gear —Worm and gear type; 18-inch steering wheel with corrugated rim.Tires—4-inch demountable rims, extrarim on rear. Rugged tread tires onrear wheels.Upholstering—High-grade genuine tanSpanish leather throughout; plaitedtype.Top—One-man, California style top of"Never Leak" material. Bevel plateglass lights. Curtains carried inpockets of top.Windshield — Two-piece, both halvesventilating.Equipment—Foot rail; robe straps; tool kit carried in front door; jack; tire pump;trouble light connection; light cord; tonneau light; ammeter; oil gauge; lightingand ignition switches with patented lock; storm curtains that open with doors.Motor driven horn.Body—Beautifully designed with high radiator, full bevel lined type. Instrumentboard, front and rear, black walnut; wide doors with concealed hinges; comfortabledriver's position with spacious leg room; clear running board with deepone-piece stamped crown fenders.Price: $1685 f.o. b. St. LouisWire wheels $125 extraThe low cost of driving the Moon car is the final verdict in its favorMoon Motor Car Company St. Louis, U. S. A.MOON CARS

They worknaturallyand formno habit-They worknaturallyand formno habit-105

A M H OMeans Better UnderwearqualitySpiritOur People CareAll our people seem to feel that the good nameof the company is in their keeping, no matterhow small the share they have in making eachgarment.You will appreciate the faithfulness of ourworkers the longer you or your children wear anyof our Knit Underwear, whether of cotton, lislemerino, silk or wool, whether union suits or separategarments.A M E R I C A N HOSIERY C O M P A N YN E W BRITAIN (Established 1868) C O N N E C T I C U TMakers of knitted underwear for men, women and childrenHawkeye PICNIC'••for Motorists, Picnickers, Campers,Sportsmen and all outdoor peopleA S fresh and cool, as if taken from your refrigerator at home, are thesandwiches, salads, cold meats and beverages served on your outings,from a Hawkeye Picnic Refrigeratorsoa.6. how much better they taste!KEEPS FOOD COOLFREE—SEND FORFOR 36 HOURS"OUTERS MENUS"A small lump of ice placed in the icecompartment at one end keeps food and,beverages cool 36 hours. Finely made anddurably constructed of woven importedreed, it is roomy, convenient size, lightweightand easy to carry. Comes in severalsizes, prices indeed most moderate.REFRIGERATORA booklet of tried and proved, tastymenus and recipes suggestive for picnics,outings and motor parties. Also shows indetail the various types of HawkeyePicnic Refrigerators telling about our 30day free trial offer. Sent free upon request.A postal will bring it.THE BURLINGTON BASKET CO.Dept. P. 1430 Hawkeye BIdg.,Burlington, Iowa106

W H AT D O E SC A M E O M E A N TO Y O U ?oF the making of booksthere is no end—butthere is a beginning inthe making of books,and that is—Taper.Cameo is the nameof a paper that is somewhat of amiracle. Its introduction, some fifteenyears ago, opened up in the printingart possibilities that up to that timehad been merely dreams of an unattainableexcellence.In the old days, illustrations weremostly cut on wood or etched on zinc.Then came the discovery of the halftone,whereby photographs were transferredto copper and recorded bymeans of very small.dots, some 22,000to the square inch. To permit theprinting of these fine half-tones, thefamiliar shiny coated paper was made.For years it was the only medium forprinting fine half-tones. An apparentmiracle appeared in Cameo — dull,velvety, non-shining, a paper thattook half-tones perfectly. It not onlyaccepted the half-tone, but transformedit, softening harsh lights andlines and adding a new degree ofdepth and perspective.Cameo is a reader's paper parexcellence. It has no reflection, noglare. Its velvety surface diffuses thelight and is restful to the eye. Topass from a book printed on shinycoated paper to one where type andillustration are deepened and dignifiedby Cameo, is like passing from garishhigh noon to the full, soft light oflate afternoon.Good examples of how the texture,of Cameo enhances the value oftype and engraving may be seen in"Greek Refinements" (Yale UniversityPress), "Art at the Panama-Pacific Exposition" (Lane), and intwo volumes on rugs published byMcClurg and Stokes, respectively.S. D. WARREN COMPANY, BOSTONBetter Paper—BetterPrintingwarren'sPrinting Papers107

The Invalid in Your Home" We are delighted with the Invalid Elevator; mywife asks me to thank you for the great benefit it isto her; our friends are delighted with it, and it maybe that several of them will order later. Thankingyou for the pleasant business relations, I am,Yours truly,W. S. Terrell."The Sedgwick Invalid Elevator will givethe invalid in your home the greatestcomfort and satisfaction. It is easilyoperated, even by a child. No disastrousdelays between floors. Readily installedby local machinists. Used throughoutthe country in the finest homes.Write for catalogue and testimonial lettersSedgwick Machine Works155 West 15th Street, New YorkNeeds a Sedgwick Invalid ElevatorCut Your Gas CostsBetter have that machine of yours equipped with a New Stromberg Carburetor if youare figuring on taking a vacation trip in it this summer. You'll get a lot more enjoyment out ofyour journey and you'll save a lot of money on fuel bills.On any car—'the New Stromberg gives greater power—greater speed—better acceleration. Onany car it reduces mileage costs.Insures perfect gas mixture at all times. Eliminates all temper-ruining and time-wasting enginedisturbances that come from faulty carburetion. Makes a better car of any car. Puts a finer edgeOf pleasure in motor trips—and cuts travel costs.Write tor descriptive matter. State name, year and model of your machine.Stromberg Motor Devices Co.Dept. 152, 04 East 25th Street, Chicago, IllinoisstrombergCARBURETOR108

DILLONMULTIVISIONLENSWHAT CAROWNERSSAY:—"You £>re at liberty to use theletters I wrote you, for the Dillonlenses have no equal in my estimation,and I have tried severalothers that are on the market.Yours only have given me justwhat I have been expecting ofthe others."J. E. CAVEY, Stratton, Colo."Have tried several other kindsof headlight attachments, butyour lenses are the only ones thathave given me a perfect and clearlight." JAS. A. COOGAN,Kansas City, Mo." I have found in the Di lionMulti-Vision Lens, at last, comfortin night driving. I havetried almost every other kind ofheadlight attachment on the market,but they are excuses comparedto the Dillon. I wouldn'tsell mine for $25 if I couldn't getanother pair."J. M A X I M E ROY,Broussard, La."They are all that you claimedthem to be and then some.Would not drive over countryroads without them."C. E. M A R K H A M ,Detroit, Mich." The Dillon lenses are the finestauto lenses I ever rode behind,and apparently perfect. Amvery much pleased."R.N. EEASONER, Oneco, Fla.More Road IlluminationThan from Clear Glass LensesThe Dillon Lens gives a bigger, better light todrive by. That is the reason it is meeting with suchenthusiastic approval. It gives you more roadillumination than you can get from clear glass.But the light is glareless and safe.The fact that the Dillon Lens is legal in all statesis incidental. The big thing is that it does not cutdown your light. You get all your lamps can give.See Where You Are GoingUnlike the shaft light that hits the road far aheadleaving the sides and the area immediately in frontof the car in darkness, the Dillon light gives you aclear view of the whole roadway and enables youto avoid the ruts and obstructions that ordinarilycause trouble.Dillon Light Makes You Feel SafeTake one ride behind the Dillon and you will neverwant to switch to any other kind of headlight device.You will say, as Mr. W. H. Evans, of Ohio,and thousands of others have said, " It was the firsttime I ever felt at ease when driving at night."Try the Dillon Lens at Our RiskGet a pair from your dealer. Try them out on a darknight, or on several dark nights, and if not fully satisfiedreturn them and your money will be refunded. If yourdealer can't supply you, order direct, same price $3.50per pair, any size, postpaid. Booklet upon request.DILLON LENS & MFG. CO., Dept. " E," WHEELING, W. Va.DEALERS AND JOBBERS CAN BE SUPPLIED PROMPTLY BYPITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO.Atlanta, Ga. Cincinnati, ' Hiio Detn.it, Mich.Memphis, Tenn. Omaha, Nebr.Baltimore, Md. Cleveland, Ohio Grand Rapids, Mich Milwaukee. Wis, Philadelphia, Pa.Birmingham, Ala. Columbus, Ohio Great Falls, Mont. Minneapolis. Minn. Pittsburgh, Pa.Boston. Mass. Dallas, Tex.High Point. N. C. Newark, N. .1.Rochester, N. Y.Brooklyn, N. Y. Davenport, Iowa Houston. Tex. New Orleans, La. Savannah, Ga.Buffalo. N. Y. Denver, Colo, Jacksonville. Fla. New York, N. Y. San Antonio, Tex.Chicago, 111. t >t^s Moines. Iowa Kansas City, Mo.i iklahoma City, Okla St, Louis, Mo.St. Paul, Minn.oledo, OhioAnywnerein USA..Pacific Coast StatesPATTON PAINT COMPANYSan Francisco, Cala. Los Angeles. Cala.Seattle, Wash.TIMMS. CRESS & CO., Portland. Ore.Western CanadaINDEPENDENT ELECTRIC CO.Regina, Sask.Export ManagersJ. J. NORDMAN &. CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.109

With the whole-hearted resourcefulnessof the first publishinghouse in America behind itwHEN the house of CharlesScribner's Sons took overARCHITECTURE it was notwith the idea of maintainingjust another publication in the architecturalfield.ARCHITECTURE was to be the bestmagazine of its kind in America, withoutcompromise.It had to be, above all things, a Scribnerpublication. It had to begin wherethe time-turgid trade journal ended. Ithad to be the publication for the elect of theprofession or nothing. It had to throw offan architectural aura in its own compositionand make-up. It had to have the wholeheartedresourcefulness of the first publishinghouse in America behind it. It had tohave the elements that make for long lifeon the reference-table. It had to be inspirationalin its influence. It had to be amagazine whose pages would be searched atevery desk in an architect's office, from thehead of the firm's down (or up, according toyour point of view) to that of the man whoactually places the order.This was the quittance — and the onlyquittance — that Charles Scribner's Sonswould recognize.ARCHITECTURE is now at the end of itssecond year of Scribner ownership.It can be said in strict truth that it hasalready surpassed any magazine in the countryin its field. But, being now a Scribnerpublication, that was expected.What was unexpected, however, was thescope and range that Scribner editing hascontributed to an architectural publication.That sameness which inevitably becomestameness in all publications was never permittedto enter the pages of ARCHITEC­TURE.If the praise that we have already receivedcan be interpreted in a single sentenceit would be this: "Here at last is afresh draught."As an advertiser who has a product or aservice to sell to architects, you will quicklysee the advantage of being in a publicationthat rides in over the others.Nor will it take you long to realize thatthe particular clientele of ARCHITEC­TURE — to be very plain, the men who sitat the specification desks — is too prolific tohazard passing up.ARCHITECTURE'S rates for the presentare $75 a page. And it's a page that IS apage — one that permits you to broaden outyour selling points.It is not the habit of this house to importuneyou for advertising. But in justice toyour own selling problems it asks you toweigh ARCHITECTURE very carefully.ARCHITECTUREPUBLISHEDBYTHE HOUSE OF SCRIBNERCHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONSFIFTH A V E N U E AT 48TH STREETN E WY O R KESTABLISHED 1846110

— not the name of a thing,butthe mark of a serviceMAZDAMAZDA is the trademark of a worldwideservice to certain lamp manufacturers.Its purpose is to collect"Not the name of a thing, bnt the mark of a service"and select scientific and practicalinformation concerning progress and developments in theart of incandescent lamp manufacturing and to distribute thisinformation to the companies entitled to receive this service.A MAZDA Lamp for every purposeMAZDA Service is centered in the Research Laboratories ofthe General Electric Company at Schenectady, New York.The mark MAZDA can appear only on lamps which meet thestandards of MAZDA service. It is thus an assuranceof quality.This trademark is the property of the General Electric Company,• RESEARCH LABORATORIES OF GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY111

An Error!A comfortable five-passengercar, 119-inch wheelbase; 50 h. p.Studebaker-designed and Studebaker-builtmotor; perfectly balancedchassis; genuine leatherupholstery; Gypsy-type top withbevel French plate-glass windowsin rear; equipment complete inevery detail.Studebaker builds complete inits-own factories practicallyevery vital part of the Newbtudebaker Cars, thus eliminatingmiddlemen *s profits—makingpossiblesuch sterling high qualityat these prices.THIS IS NOT THESTUDEBAKER B1Gltis the LIGHT-SIX!Last month this ' advertisementappeared in this magazinein four colors.It pictures and describes theNew Studebaker LIGHT-SIX. The printer, in settinghis type, used the wrongheading. When the mistakewas noticed this magazinewas ready for distribution.The BIG-SIX is a 7-passenger,60 horsepower car of126-inch'wheelbase. And itis the only car at its priceequipped with cord tires.Remember — This isthe LIGHT-SIX. . TheBIG-SIX is shown onopposite page.112

T H E N E W S E V E N - P A S S E N G E R «IG-SIXFor those who enjoy life out of doors, this New Studebaker Seven-passenger BIG-SIXbrings a full realization of complete motoring pleasure. It offers all the essentials of motoringsatisfaction at a minimum price—60-horsepower motor, 126-inch wheelbase, perfectlybalanced chassis, genuine leather upholstery. Gypsy top with oval plate £lass windows,felove box and extension li&ht in tonneau, silver-faced jeweled clock and magnetic speedometer.The only car at its price—$1985 f. o. b. Detroit—-equipped with cord tires.

KEePSMILINGWITHKELLYS

JORDANSturdy and Substantial—butLightTHE motor-wise are demandinglighter cars—yet not so light andshort that they bounce up and down.They want cars that look heavier, butwithout the destructive side-sway socharacteristic of the really heavy car.Jordan has produced, in the silhouette,a new kind of a car, possessing the sturdy,substantial appearance of the finest heavycars, with the beautiful contour, lightness,lowness and balanced character ofthe trim, thoroughbred racing job.This Jordan Silhouette is the lightestcar on the road—for its wheelbase—andthe best balanced.And to its dominant qualities of balanceand lightness little detailed improvementshave been added which give theJordan chassis a new superiority.The long rear springs, for instance,permit high speed over roughroads—yet allow the car to be hungexceedingly low. The spring shacklesare noiseless because of a patented methodof construction.The whole car is a distinctly new typefor America—refreshingly European indesign — sturdy and substantial — but/ ight.A standard chassis of finished mechanicalexcellence.A body—long, low, slender and builtentirely of aluminum. A new Frenchangle at the dash. Clean flat top-edge.Square wide-opening doors—with smartrectangular mouldings. Tall hood. Lowslanting wind shield. Cordovan leatherboot and saddle bag built into the tonneau.Deep soft-cushioned seats ofnarrow French pleated leather overMarshall springs.A car for comfort-loving, particularpeople. In Brewster Greenor Burgundy Old Wine. Builtin four or seven passenger.J O R D A N M O T O R C A R C O M P A N Y , CLEVELAND, OHIO115

Garden HoseFACTSAboutWHAT constitutesreal valuein Garden Hose?What kinds of GardenHose are bestto buy ? How longshould Hose last?There is much confusionand misconceptionon these points.The fundamentalfacts, briefly stated,are:Garden Hose seldom wears out. Itusually dies and falls to pieces.To give long service it must bebuilt right, and to insure that it isbuilt right the buyer must choosea standard brand made and guaranteedby a reliable house.Garden Hose is of two kinds—sheetinghose and moulded hose. Sheeting hose isfive, six or seven ply according to the numberof layers of strong rubberized sheetingwrapped around a seamless tube and finallyenclosed in a rubber casing or cover.Moulded hose is made by vulcanizingseamless tubes of rubber with doublebraided jackets of tightly twisted cotton.It is a heavier type construction than sheetinghose which is lighter and more flexible.Each variety bus its strong advocates. Wedescribe on this page the three leadingbrands on the American market, each theleader in its class.Bull Dog Hosehas seven plies of strong rubberizedsheeting, the highest grade tube ofany hose made and a tough all rubbercover that wears like iron. Itwas the original multiple constructiongarden hose and money can notbuy a better quality. It has beenon the market forty years and letterscome to us frequently telling oflengths in service from fifteen totwenty years. BULL DOG costs more than ordinary hosebut it is the best investment in the long run.Good Luck HoseGOOD LUCK hose is similar inconstruction to BULL DOG but isslightly lighter. It has six plies andis strong enough to stand high pressureand tough enough for hardservice. It is light and easily handledand will wear for a long time.Made in 25 ft. or 50 ft. lengrths as desired,each wrapped with paper likean auto tire.MILOA corrugated moulded hose, themost popular brand in its class.Your dealer can cut it to any desiredlength. If you prefer mouldedhose by all means specify MILOfor its high quality and splendid construction.Whichever brand you select ask your dealerfor a copy of our Garden Manual, a professionalhandbook for the amateur gardener.If your regular dealer does not carrythese standard brands or cannot supplyMaking The Garden Growyou with the booklet, we will mail youa copy of the Manual upon receipt ofa 3c. stamp and quote prices on eitherbrand of hose for shipment from thefactory.BOSTON WOVEN HOSE AND RUBBER COMPANYLargest and Oldest Makers of Garden Hose in the WorldManufacturers of the famous GOOD LUCK Jar Rubbers100 PORTLAND STREET, CAMRRIDGE, MASS.116

This Glass Garden for $3000Price IncludesGreenhouse MaterialsHeating EquipmentPlant BenchesVentilating ApparatusWorkroomMasonry "WorktHIS snug little GlassGarden and Workroomerected complete, ready forplanting, costs $3000; whichis exclusive of freight, cartage,or workmen's fares.The Glass Garden is 18 feetwide by 25 feet long. Theworkroom is 12 feet by 15feet.The construction is simple,durable and practical.If desired, the Workroom canbe omitted and the GlassGarden built against thedwelling or garage.The cost of the Glass Gardenwithout the workroom is$2000.Lord,& Burnham co.Builders of Greenhouses and ConservatoriesSALESOFFICESI R V I N G T O N , N . Y .B O S T O NN E W Y O R K P H I L A D E L P H I AC L E V E L A N D T O R O N T O M O N T R E A LFACTORIESC H I C A G OI R V I N G T O N , N . Y . DES P L A I N E S , ILL. ST. C A T H A R I N E S , C A N A D A117

Vacation Landsare made more delightfulby the right kind ofTravel FundsMoney is the most important item in anytourist's outfit. Money takes him on his tripand brings him home again. Money makeshis trip pleasant and agreeable or it fillsthe trip with petty worries and annoyances.The kind of funds is most important. If you askyour banker what is the best kind of travel funds hewill probably say "travelers' cheques." If you askhim what is the best kind of travelers' cheques he isalmost sure to say"A.B.A".AmericanBankersAssociationChequesThese "A.B.A." Cheques have been established formany years and are favorably known in all civilizedparts of the world. They are a distinctively Americaninstitution, being the authorized travel credits of thegreat American Bankers Association, an organizationof 20,000 of the principal banks of the United Statesand Canada.You can buy these Cheques at leading banks in everyimportant city and town in North America. Askthe nearest bank to tell you more about these"A. B. A." Cheques— "the best funds for tourists." Orwrite for full information toBANKERS TRUST COMPANYNew York City118

A SENECA Completes Your OutfitComplete Catalog from Your Dealer, orSeneca Camera Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y.119

fIRE drills are good,but not infallible.In spite of the drill,when a real fire burstout, this little boy,stricken with senselesspanic, hid in a darkcloakroom.Who is supposed to guard the livesof school children anyway ?nOW, Willie, be careful when you crossthe tracks."Mother stands in the doorway, watchingher little boy running down the street.And then, turning to father, she says,"I always worry till I think he is safe insidethe schoolhouse door."But once safely inside that door, Willie issupposed to be out of danger for the nextsix hours at least. Unthinking parentsnever stop to consider the daily fire menacethat exists in school buildings.Take These Plain FactsSome five billion dollars ofbusiness property has been protectedfrom fire by automaticsprinklers.State Industrial Commissionsare guarding the lives of factoryemployees by requiring this sameunfailing protection in businessproperty.The United States Governmentinsisted on war industriesbeing so protected.You have a hazy ideathat school buildings aresafe because somebodytold you so. "Fire drills"and "fire escape" soundsafe enough — fine —until the flames are leapingthrough the window.School fires start in mysterious out-of-the-way places, andsmolder along unnoticed in a vacant room or closet. Thensuddenly there comes a terrible roaring and in a fewmoments the whole building bursts into flame.Investigate conditions in your school yourself. Don'tlet anyone assure you that your school is safe enough tillyou understand what that safety means. Don't foolyourself because the doors open outward and the stairwayis of iron.You could provide a dozen, yes fifty minor "safeguards"and only find when the schoolhouse is burned up, thatall these superficial methods of protection will never accomplishone-tenth what the Grinnell Automatic SprinklerSystem will. The Automatic Sprinkler system equals ahundred firemen right there, always on the job.As soon as the fire starts in the building, these automaticfiremen come into action and drown the fire beforeit becomes a menace.Read—"Fire Tragedies and Their Remedy"Any individual, trustee or official will find in "Fire Tragedies andTheir Remedy " the unvarnished truth and a path of imperative socialservice. Write for it today. Address General Fire ExtinguisherCompany, 287 West Exchange St., Providence, R.I.GRINNELLAUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMWhen the fire starts the water starts120

Toothsome olives and picklesfor hot weather mealsFrom Spain Libby brings you olives that in flavor andtexture surpass all others. Big, firm, plump ones theyare, wonderfully tempting in their dusky green perfection.Any meal is made festive by Libby's Olives—orLibby's Sweet Mixed Pickles. For these pickles havebeen cured so expertly—they are so crisply tender, sopiquantly mouth watering—that even on a sultry daythe most lagging appetite could not resist them!Ask your grocer today for Libby's Olives andPickles.Libby, McNeill & Libby, 1107 Welfare Bldg., ChicagoLibby, M:Neill .£- Libby, of Canada, Ltd.45 E. Front St., Toronto, Out., Canada121

It seems natural to trust to Ivory Soap forbathing a cut or a bruise. Ivory is the only soapmost of us would think of in this connection.PURITY, mildness, aseptic cleanness—Ivory stands for all these qualities in theminds of all.Everybody knows that it issafe, pleasant, efficient.Are not these thequalities you want for your bath and toilet?IVORY SOAP. . 9 9 a* PUREFactories at Ivorydale, 0., Port Ivory, N. Y'., Kansas City, Kans., Hamilton, Canada122

New and MagnificentCHARMING witchery of style is woven into this newest motorcar—a magnificent private coach, alive with power, correct tothe smallest detail, and refreshingly restful.Designed especially for those exacting men and women who knowall that a good car can give them, and still want a car of higherquality and an increase of enjoyment.The Winton Six output being limited, we suggestthat you give this new bevel-edge special early consideration.Salesrooms in many large cities. Shall wesend you literature and the address of the salesroomnearest you ?Wlnton Oil Enginesfor yachts and motor ships, and^v^inton gasoline-electric light andpower Generating Sets are manufacturedby the Linton Companyin a separate, splendidly equippedplant, devoted exclusively to thesetwo products, ^v^rite us your needs.The Winton Companywinton six105 Berea RoadCleveland, Ohio, U. S. A.THE SCRIBNER PRESS

Go where youwill, you'llfind no better"stand-by" foodthanGrape-NutsDelicious,easy to digest,economical.Sold by GrocersEverywhere!Mothers:—Could medical skill devise or money buy abetter combination of ingredients for safelycorrecting disorders of baby's stomach andbowels, it would be done in producingM RS. WINSLOW'SSYRUPThe Infants' and Children's RegulatorRhubarb, Senna, Glycerin, Sodium Citrate,SodiumBicarbonate, OilAnise, Oil Carraway,Oil Coriander, Oil Fennel, Cane Sugar Syrup.Costs twice as much to make, yet it costs youno more than ordinary baby laxatives.ANGLO-AMERICAN DRUG CO.215-217 Fulton Street, NEW YORKGeneral Selling Agenh: Harold F. Ritchie & Co.,Inc.*/_... VA -L 1 T ^comfortingCupBAKERS COCOAis pure and delicious.Trade mark on everypackage.WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD.ESTABLISHED I7SO •ORCHHSTER.MASS.Waterman'sIdealFountain PenThree TypesSelf-Filling, Regular and Safety$2.50 and upSold by best dealersL. E. Waterman Company191 Broadway New York