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RESEARCH PAPER ONMULTI-SERVICE TACTICS TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES (MTTP)FORJOINT AIR OPERATIONS CENTER AND ARMY AIR AND MISSILEDEFENSE COMMAND COORDINATION (JAOC/AAMDC)1. PURPOSE: Summarize the ALSA Center’s <strong>research</strong> on Joint Air Operations Centerand Army Air and Missile Defense Command Coordination (JAOC/AAMDC) a twoService publication signed by the Army and Air Force. Recommend a course of actionbased on the <strong>research</strong>.2. BACKGROUND:a. 2004 Version: The JAOC/AAMDC publication is the result of a 1997 Army-AirForce Warfighter Conference task to document the multi-Service tactics, techniques,and procedures (MTTP) that the JAOC and AAMDC communities use to counter air andmissile threats. It was last updated in March 2004.b. 2005 Mid-Life Assessment: In September 2005, the ALSA Center conductedan 18 month transition assessment resulting in a recommendation to reviseJAOC/AAMDC on time. Service inputs were as follows:(1) Air Force Doctrine Center (AFDC) - Revise(2) Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) - Retain(3) Navy Warfare Development Center (NWDC) - Continue to NOT be asignatory, however, work with ALSA and reevaluate decision based on the future scopeof the revised MTTP(4) Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) - Continue to NOTbe a signatory.3. OVERVIEW.a. Purpose: This publication assists the joint force commander (JFC), joint forceair component commander (JFACC), joint force land component commander (JFLCC),commander Army forces (COMARFOR), and their staffs to establish effectivecoordination and integration between the joint air operations center (JAOC) and theArmy Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC). This publication addressesorganization, functions and responsibilities, command and control (C2), connectivitybetween the JAOC and AAMDC, and clarifies the interaction of the two organizationswithin joint counterair operations. This publication provides readers with a commonframe of reference in order to facilitate effective coordination and working relationshipsbetween the JAOC and AAMDC.b. Scope: This MTTP documents the coordination that the JAOC and AAMDC useto counter air and missile threats. This publication also includes functions andresponsibilities of the battlefield coordination detachment (BCD) as the principal liaison1

element between the Army forces (ARFOR) and the JFACC. This MTTP specificallyaddresses integration between the JAOC and AAMDC; however, some of the principles,relationships, and processes described may apply in other circumstances, such aswhen the Navy is designated JFACC, area air defense commander (AADC), or airspacecontrol authority (ACA).c. Methodology: The end result of the ALSA analysis process is an assessment ofa publication’s content by page and a check of all illustrations for currency. TheLand/Sea Branch accomplished their analysis by reviewing and <strong>research</strong>ing currentservice and joint doctrine. In addition, members of the JAOC/AAMDC community wereinterviewed to determine if a doctrinal void still existed and to determine if a revision ofJAOC/AAMDC was necessary. The following publications were reviewed:JointJP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (As of Jul2007)JP 2-01.3, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparationof the Battlespace (May 2000)JP 3-01, Countering Air and Missile Threats (Feb 2007)JP 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations (Jun 2003)JP 3-31, Command and Control for Joint Land Operations (Mar 2004)Multi-ServiceFM 3-52.2, NTTP 3-56.2, AFTTP(I) 3-2.17, Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures for The Theater Air Ground Systems (TAGS), (Apr 2007)Air ForceAFDD 2-1.1, Counterair Operations (Apr 2002)AFOTTP 2-3.2, Air and Space Operations Center (Dec 2004)AFTTP 3-3.60, Operational Employment-Air and Space Operations Center (Sep 2006,DRAFT)ArmyFM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations (Apr 2005)FM 100-13, Battlefield Coordination Detachment (BCD) (Sep 1996)FM 100-15, Corps Operations (Oct 1996)4. DISCUSSION. ALSA <strong>research</strong> confirmed that 85% of the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP iscurrent based on the combined score for content and illustrations. The majority, 90%,of the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP has transitioned to either joint or Service publications and66% of the illustrative material has migrated directly into FM 3-01.94, Army Air andMissile Defense Command Operations. The operational level concepts in the MTTPhave transitioned into JP 3-01, Countering Air and Missile Threats, therefore eliminatingthe original doctrinal void.Two other publications have also included portions of the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP: JP 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations, and the DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60Operational Employment – Air and Space Operations Center. The DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60 is slated to replace AFOTTP 2-3.2, Air and Space Operations Center. The DRAFTAFTTP extensively covers the JAOC portion of the MTTP but only provides a basic2

understanding of AAMDC. Of note, there are two FM 3-01.94 references in the DRAFTAFTTP on the topic of AAMDC. Besides the illustrative material of the MTTP, FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations, captures a significantportion of the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP concentrating mainly on the AAMDC topic. Adetailed discussion on what portions of the MTTP have been captured by otherpublications is covered later in this section.There are multiple instances in joint and Service publications where the reader isdirected to the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP to obtain more detailed information. The ALSAMTTP is referenced for more detail on AAMDC once in JP 3-01, Countering Air andMissile Threats, twice in FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense CommandOperations and six times in the DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60 Operational Employment – Airand Space Operations Center. ALSA contacted the DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60 OPR andwas informed the DRAFT is awaiting signature thus no changes were allowed.In addition to information migration, participants at exercises like Virtual Flag, Blue Flag,Valiant Shield, and Talisman Saber have demonstrated the knowledge and ability tointegrate AAMDC with JAOC. US AOCs have implemented measures and proceduresinto their baseline which support existing doctrine. Current operators within JAOCs andAAMDCs have made progress to fill the original doctrinal void and update appropriateJPs and service publications. Additionally, the interoperability issues that previouslyexisted have been mitigated by service publications and tested in US AOCs throughoutthe world.The rest of the <strong>paper</strong> discusses what portions of the JAOC/AAMDC MTTP have or havenot migrated into other publications. The portions of the MTTP that have migrated aredetailed in the Transitioned Content section and information not transitioned to otherpublications is discussed in the Residual Content section.a. Transitioned Content(1) Chapter I. CONCEPT AND ORGANIZATION (25 pages). Chapter I providesan overview of concepts and organizations related to air and missile defense as itpertains to coordination between the JAOC and AAMDC. Key terminology, functionalresponsibilities, organizations, and C2 structures are also discussed to provide acommon frame of reference to the tactical warfighter.(a) Section one is a basic introduction covering key terminology andcommand relationships. This section is covered in JP 1-02, Department of DefenseDictionary of Military and Associated Terms.(b) Sections two and three discuss Functional Commanders andComponent Commanders. Both of these sections are covered in JP 3-30, Commandand Control for Joint Air Operations and JP 3-31, Command and Control for Joint LandOperations.(c) Sections four and five provide information on the JAOC regardingorganizational setup, staff functions and key JAOC products. Both of these sections arecontained in JP 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations, Chapter V of theTAGS MTTP, and the DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60 Operational Employment – Air and SpaceOperations Center.3

(d) Section six discusses liaisons to the JAOC and provides a significantamount of information on the function of the BCD. The information contained in thissection is covered by JP 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations and FM100-13, Battlefield Coordination Detachment (BCD).(e) The last section of Chapter I discusses the AAMDC. The entiresection has migrated into FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense CommandOperations.(2) Chapter II. DEFENSIVE COUNTERAIR (DCA) (7 pages) provides thewarfighter with an overview of DCA operations. This chapter addresses passive airdefense early warning issues, other passive air defense measures, and active airdefense. It also discusses early warning responsibilities, processes, and systems. Theinformation contained in this chapter has shifted to Chapter 3 of FM 3-01.94, Army Airand Missile Defense Command Operations.(3) Chapter III. OFFENSIVE COUNTERAIR (OCA) (8 pages) provides anoverview of OCA operations. This chapter focuses on OCA attack operations againstmissile target sets (such as C2 nodes, forward operating bases, transload operations,launchers, missile stocks, or transportation infrastructure) and the related coordinationrequired between the JAOC, AAMDC, and BCD. All of the sections in this chapter arecovered by Chapter 3 of FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense CommandOperations.(4) Chapter IV. INTELLIGENCE (11 pages) provides the warfighter with anoverview of intelligence for air and missile defense planning / execution. Essentialaspects of theatre missile intelligence for preparation of the battlespace are discussed,as well as the intelligence support responsibilities and processes of the JAOC andAAMDC. Chapter III of JP 3-01, Countering Air and Missile Threats, and Section A ofJP 2-01.3, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparationof the Battlespace both provide detailed discussion on these processes and cover theinformation contained in the MTTP chapter.(5) Chapter V. INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES (7pages) discusses information exchange systems and processes in order to familiarizethe warfighter with connectivity between the JAOC and AAMDC. The chapter alsodescribes the C2 architecture between the JAOC, AAMDC, and other critical nodes.The information in this Chapter has migrated to Chapters 3, 5, and Appendix A of FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations. The FM contains moredetail on the topic than the MTTP.(6) Appendix A. AAMDC LNO RESPONSIBILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS (2pages) covers information on AAMDC liaison responsibilities and requirements.Chapter 3, of FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operationscaptures all of the information that is contained in the MTTP section.(7) Appendix C. DEEP OPERATIONS COORDINATION CELL (4 pages)describes an overview of the deep operations coordination cell (DOCC) and its role withregard to the JAOC and AAMDC. The appendix information is covered in FM 100-15,Corps Operations.4

(8) Appendix E. CAL/DAL-CVT METHODOLOGY (8 pages) provides arecommended methodology for critical asset lists/defended asset list development. Theentire appendix is contained verbatim in Appendix C of FM 3-01.94, Army Air andMissile Defense Command Operations, with additional information provided.b. Residual Content(1) Appendix B. COORDINATION CHECKLIST (3 pages) is a checklist used forthe integration of counterair operations between the JAOC, AAMDC, and BCD. Thechecklist has not migrated verbatim into FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile DefenseCommand Operations, but the majority of the concepts and actions in the checklist havebeen put in Chapter 3 of FM 3-01.94.(2) Appendix D. REPORTS (5 pages) provides two report formats for issuingorders, tracking Patriot unit readiness, missile availability, and the status ofengagements. This information was not found in any doctrinal or service publications.5. SERVICE POSITIONS.a. Army position received September 2007 from Mr. Dave Watkins: "recommendrescind JAOC/AAMDC.” The rationale was based on the following SME inputs:(1) Originally, the MTTP served its purpose by addressing an interoperabilityissue between the Services. AAMDC was newly formed with no Joint or Army doctrinepublished to address C2 relationships and TTP. Since that time there have been fiveAAMDC operational deployments and two additional AAMDC’s activated. A habitualrelationship has been established between the AAMDC’s and their respectiveNumbered Air Forces (NAFs) and AAMDC operations have been embedded innumerous Joint and Army doctrinal publications.(2) TTP varies by theater, AAMDC, and NAF. When the 32d AAMDC was theonly unit their TTP with 7AF and 9AF were different. Varied AAMDC AOR’s (NEA,PACOM, CENTCOM, & HLD) are driving the need for theater specific TTP, which canbe better addressed with local SOPs.(3) Any “generic” JAOC/AAMDC TTP from the MTTP should be included in thenext revision of FM 3-01.94, Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations ifrequired.b. Air Force position received August 2007 from Mr. Brian Mclean, USAF HQAFDDECC/DDJ: “rescind JAOC/AAMDC.” JP 3-01, Countering Air and Missile Threats,5 February 2007 and JP 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations, 5 June2003, capture the relevant content in sufficient detail.”6. RECOMMENDATION. Recommend RESCIND the JAOC/AAMDC publication.Information contained in the MTTP is now duplicative and contained in other joint andService publications. The doctrinal void has been filled by inclusion of JAOC/AAMDCMTTP information into JP 3-01. TTP information and interoperability issues are nowaddressed in service publications FM 3-01.94 and DRAFT AFTTP 3-3.60. In addition,ALSA’s <strong>research</strong> <strong>paper</strong> will be posted on the ALSA web site as a resource forWarfighters interested in the JAOC/AAMDC topic.5

7. SME Sources.Army:Chief, Doctrine Branch US Army Air Defense Artillery SchoolMr. Terry L. Allred, terry.lee.allred@us.army.mil, DSN 979-5718HQTRADOC, ATFC-EJMr. Dave Watkins, Jr., robert.watkins@us.army.mil, DSN 680-3089JFCC-IMD LNO to 32d AAMDC (CAS, Inc.)Mr. Michael E. Zaborwski, michael.zaborowski@us.army.mil, DSN 978-332332 AD, Chief Attack Operations G-3, 32 AAMDCLTC Jonathan M. Cohen, DSN 978-3115USAADASCH Directorate of Training, Doctrine and Leader Development BranchCW4 Glenn R. DePalmer, glenn.depalmer@bliss.army.mil, DSN 978-4492Doctrine Branch - C3I, Directorate of Training, Doctrine, and Leader Development(DOTD-LD),US Army Air Defense Artillery SchoolMr. Scott Stevens, USA, scott.stevens@bliss.army.mil, DSN: 978-7643,Rear Detachment Commander, 4th Brigade Combat Team/1 CDMAJ Jerry Sheppard, Comm: (915) 892-2056Air force:Commander, Det 1, 3 Air Support Operations GroupLt Col James Payne, james.m.payne1@us.army.mil, DSN 621 1125HQ AFDC/DDJMr. Brian W. Mclean, GS-13, brian.mclean@maxwell.af.mil, DSN 493-13206