Breaking new ground for juniper - Plantlife

ContentsWithoutactionnow juniperfacesextinctionacrossmuchof the Englishlowlandswithin50 yearsJuniper has declined across Britain but theproblem is particularly acute in the lowlands,where it has been lost completely from 9of its 27 lowland vice-counties, includingBedfordshire, North and South Essex, NorthDevon and North Somerset. Populations thatare still surviving in the Chilterns, Sussexand Wiltshire have shown declines in juniperabundance of 84%, 69% and 44%. Manycolonies have dwindled to such an extent thatthey are functionally extinct.Purpose and scope 5Lowland juniper – the facts 6Conservation status and distribution 6Habitat 7Wildlife dependent on juniper 7Identification and life cycle 8Conservation challenges and solutions 9The factors underpinning regeneration 10Site assessment 12Management options 14Habitat restoration 14Juniper restoration management flowchart 15Scrub clearance 16Bare ground creation 17Minimising browsing 20Seedling surveys 23Enhancing germination 24Reinforcement and reintroduction 26Propagation, planting and protection 30Monitoring and aftercare 34Documenting 34Appendix 1: Step-by-step guide to seed processing 36Appendix 2: Propagation protocol for subsp. hemisphaerica 37Useful references 38Key contacts 39Written by Tim Wilkins and Dr Jenny DuckworthThis publication would not have reached fruition without its manycontributors. Particular thanks are owed to Lena Ward, Jonathan Crewe,Rachael Arden, Julia Carey, Barry Clarke, Stuart Corbett, Nicky & RichardGould, Alistair Griffiths, Penny Jones, Shelagh McCartan and Chris Trimmer.We are indebted to landowners, site managers and propagators who havedeftly turned management theory into reality and in doing so helpedshape this guide. In addition, the following companies have given muchappreciated advice at no cost: the Caledonian Tree Company, Cheviot Trees,Petersfield Growing Mediums and Trees Please.Cite as: Wilkins, T.C. & Duckworth, J.C. (2011). Breaking new ground for juniper– a management handbook for lowland England. Plantlife, Salisbury, UK.land.Plantlife, Salisbury, UK.We are PlantlifeThe UK’s wild plants have been marginalised and taken forgranted for too long. Wild plants clean our air and water,provide food and shelter for our insects, birds and animals andwill be critical in the fight against climate change.Plantlife is the organisation that is speaking up for nation’s wildplants. We work hard to protect wild plants on the ground and tobuild understanding of the vital role they play in everyone’s lives.02 ForewordFront cover photograph: Calstone Down, Wiltshire.© Sharon Pilkington, Vegetation Survey & AssessmentBreaking new ground for lowland juniper 03