PHY 101 Lecture #1 - Physics

OutlinePHY 101 Lecture #1:Introduction to PHY 1011. Introduction to PHY 1012. Introduction to our subject: ENERGYProf. Peter R. Saulsonsaulson@physics.syr.eduhttp://physics.syr.edu/courses/PHY101/Rm 263-4, Physics Bldg., 3-5994PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 1PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 21. PHY 101All course documents are available on:http://physics.syr.edu/courses/PHY101/including:– Syllabus–Course Calendar– Homework assignments– Lecture Notes– Laboratory exercisesPHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 3PHY 101: What is it?• An introductory course in physicsno prerequisites• On the Basic List in Natural Sciences andMathematics• Satisfies req’t for “course with laboratory”• Gives an overview of physics and its application toother fields of study• Recommended by ESF Biology for breadth ofapplications• Not the best choice if you intend to major in Physics –please see me after class.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 4PHY 101: ObjectivesIn this course, expect to learn something of– How the world is put together and how it works– The scale of physical processes• how big?•how much?• (how expensive?)–Why ENERGY is a powerful unifying concept– How science works, and what are its limitsExpect to use numerical reasoning, learn keynumbers, read graphs, learn and use formulasPHY 101: TextbookText is Energy: Physical, Environmental, and SocialImpact, by Gordon J. Aubrecht.This book is especially strong on the topicsmentioned in its subtitle.Lectures will focus on the physics aspects, butwe’ll turn periodically to the wider contextcovered in the book.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 5PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 61

PHY 101: Work• Lectures: Tues & Thurs 8:00 - 9:20 a.m.• Studio meetings weekly, for 2 hours– submission and discussion of homework, and– hands-on engagement with key ideas through labexercises• Reading and homeworkAssigned each week. This is your best preparationfor exams, so do it!Homework graded each week. Do it on time.• Two mid-term exams, plus Final ExamPHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 7PHY 101: Exams• First Mid-term examThursday 21 September (in lecture)• Second Mid-term examThursday 26 October (in lecture)• FINAL EXAMTHURSDAY, 14 DECEMBER, 12:30 – 2:30 P.M.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 8Components:1st mid-term: 15%2nd mid-term: 25%Final Exam: 35%Homework: 10%Laboratory: 15%Scale:90% A-80% B-60% C-PHY 101: GradesPHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 9PHY 101: Lateness and MakeupsLate homework:Will not be accepted for credit after answer key isposted (usually each Thursday), so do it on time.Mid-term exams:No written makeup exams. If you have an excusedabsence, you must take an oral examination withProf. Saulson.Final Exam:NO FORM OF MAKE UP FINAL EXAM FOR ANYREASON.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 10PHY 101: Speaking to us• Prof. Saulson’s office hours:Tuesdays 9:30 – 11:00 a.m., in Rm. 263-4 Physics.or, make an appointment: saulson@physics.syr.edu• Prof. Schwarz’s Problem Sessions:Room 202/204, Physics BuildingMondays and Tuesdays 5:15 – 6:16 p.m.• TAs will post their Physics Clinic hours shortly.• Visit any TA in Physics Clinic for help.• For clerical matters, see Arlene Johnston in Room111, Physics Bldg.PHY 101: A personal noteI hope you all are excited to be taking thecourse. For some of you, it will be easy. Forothers, a challenge.If you work hard, you will learn things that willhelp you to understand the world in aprofound way.Let’s each resolve to put forth our strongest andbest efforts.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 11PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 122

2. EnergyCentral Theme of PHY 101 is ENERGYEnergy is one of the great unifying ideas in physics.It is the key to understanding the application ofphysics to subjects as wide-ranging as:chemistrybiology, physiology and ecologyeconomics and geographynutrition and exercise scienceengineeringTo guide your thinking and studying inPHY 101: Always ask about energy!PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 13Origin of the concept of energyNewton (1642 – 1727) invented physics, but hedidn’t know about energy.Concept was developed in the mid-19th cent.Scientists and philosophers were searching for– an idea that unified all phenomena,– some unchanging property of the world, giving ahidden unity to the constant processes of change.By the 1840s, it was discovered which propertyof the world never changed. That propertywas called energy.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 14What is energy?“Energy is conserved.”We will devote the course to investigating thequestion, “What is energy?”Energy is hard to define in the abstract, so wewill answer the question by example.Is energy a substance, a quality, a book-keepingdevice, a system of exchange rates, or …?Key idea: ENERGY is CONSERVED.Meaning: Energy is neither created nor destroyed.Exploring the idea of conservation is the key tounderstanding what energy is.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 15(Note different meaning than colloquial English, “Youshould conserve energy!”)“Energy is conserved” means “Amount of energyalways stays the same.” How can this be interesting?Always staying the same sounds boring.Key idea is energy transformation from one form toanother.This idea links disparate phenomena, revealing an underlyingunity.We’ll study many forms of energy and their interrelationships.PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 16Conservation/transformation ina hand-cranked radioIts energy conservation/transformation story is:mechanical kinetic energy of hand, becomingelastic potential energy in spring, becomingmechanical kinetic energy in gears, becomingelectrical energy in generator and circuit, becomingsound energy in loudspeaker.Linked to:electromagnetic wave energy from radio station,chemical energy in my body, from food, from Sun,and whatever I influence after listening to radio ...PHY 101 Lecture #1 Introduction to PHY 101 173