The MH Deskreference - Delta Force

the packet away if the answer disagrees with the original. The checksum is put on the end
of the packet, not in the
header.
When these packets are received by the other end, of course all the headers are removed.
The Ethernet interface removes the Ethernet header and the checksum. It looks at the type
code. Since the type
code is the one assigned to IP, the Ethernet device driver passes the datagram up to IP. IP
removes the IP header. It looks at the IP protocol field. Since the protocol type is TCP, it
passes the datagram
up to TCP. TCP now looks at the sequence number. It uses the sequence numbers and
other information to combine all the datagrams into the original file. The ends our initial
summary of TCP/IP. There are
still some crucial concepts we haven't gotten to, so we'll now go back and add details in
several areas. (For detailed descriptions of the items discussed here see, RFC 793 for
TCP, RFC 791 for IP, and RFC's
894 and 826 for sending IP over Ethernet.)
[2.1.4] Well-Known Sockets And The Applications Layer
So far, we have described how a stream of data is broken up into datagrams, sent to
another computer, and put back together. However something more is needed in order to
accomplish anything useful. There
has to be a way for you to open a connection to a specified computer, log into it, tell it
what file you want, and control the transmission of the file. (If you have a different
application in mind, e.g. computer mail, some analogous protocol is needed.) This is done
by "application protocols".
The application protocols run "on top" of TCP/IP. That is, when they want to send a
message, they give the message to TCP. TCP makes sure it gets delivered to the other
end. Because TCP and IP take care of all the networking details, the applications
protocols can treat a network connection as if it were a simple byte stream, like a terminal