"succahs" on their balconies <strong>for</strong> the purposes <strong>of</strong> fulfilling the biblically m<strong>and</strong>atedobligation <strong>of</strong> dwelling in such small enclosed temporary huts during the annualnine-day Jewish <strong>religious</strong> festival <strong>of</strong> Succot. The respondent, the syndicate <strong>of</strong> coownershipSyndicat Northcrest, requested their removal, claiming the succahswere in violation <strong>of</strong> the by-laws as stated in the declaration <strong>of</strong> co-ownership,which prohibited decorations, alterations <strong>and</strong> constructions on the balconies. Therespondent proposed to allow the appellants to set up a communal succah in thegardens. The appellants expressed their dissatisfaction with the proposedaccommodation, explaining that a communal succah would not only causeextreme hardship with their <strong>religious</strong> observance, but would also be contrary totheir personal <strong>religious</strong> <strong>beliefs</strong>, which, they claimed, called <strong>for</strong> the setting up <strong>of</strong>their own succahs on their own balconies. The respondent filed an application <strong>for</strong>a permanent injunction prohibiting the appellants from setting up succahs <strong>and</strong>, ifnecessary, permitting their demolition.13. The Supreme Court <strong>of</strong> Canada defines religion <strong>and</strong> discusses the breadth <strong>of</strong>freedom <strong>of</strong> religion as follows:[Religion means] [f]reely <strong>and</strong> deeply held personal convictions or <strong>beliefs</strong>connected to an individual's <strong>spiritual</strong> faith <strong>and</strong> integrally linked to one'sself-definition <strong>and</strong> <strong>spiritual</strong> fulfilment, the practices <strong>of</strong> which allowindividuals to foster a connection with the divine or with the subject orobject <strong>of</strong> that <strong>spiritual</strong> faith […]Freedom <strong>of</strong> religion consists <strong>of</strong> the freedom to undertake practices <strong>and</strong>harbour <strong>beliefs</strong>, having a nexus with religion, in which an individualdemonstrates he or she sincerely believes or is sincerely undertaking inorder to connect with the divine or as a function <strong>of</strong> his or her <strong>spiritual</strong>faith, ir<strong>respect</strong>ive <strong>of</strong> whether a particular practice or belief is required by<strong>of</strong>ficial <strong>religious</strong> dogma or is in con<strong>for</strong>mity with the position <strong>of</strong> <strong>religious</strong><strong>of</strong>ficials. But, at the same time, this freedom encompasses objective aswell as personal notions <strong>of</strong> <strong>religious</strong> belief, “obligation”, precept,“comm<strong>and</strong>ment”, custom or ritual. Consequently, both obligatory as wellas voluntary expressions <strong>of</strong> faith should be protected under the Quebec(<strong>and</strong> the Canadian) Charter. It is the <strong>religious</strong> or <strong>spiritual</strong> essence <strong>of</strong> anaction, not any m<strong>and</strong>atory or perceived-as-m<strong>and</strong>atory nature <strong>of</strong> itsobservance that attracts protection. 1414 Ibid at paras. 46-47.7
II – ONTARIO AND CANADA’S PROFILE14. Canada is committed to human rights, mutual <strong>respect</strong> <strong>and</strong> the promotion <strong>of</strong>diversity <strong>and</strong> multiculturalism, including diversity <strong>of</strong> <strong>religious</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>spiritual</strong><strong>beliefs</strong>. Responses to the 2001 Canadian Census indicate that more than twentyfour million people in Canada, or eighty three percent <strong>of</strong> Canadians, identify asbeing <strong>of</strong> a <strong>religious</strong> or <strong>spiritual</strong> faith. In Ontario, nine <strong>and</strong> a half million people,or eighty four percent, identify as being <strong>of</strong> a <strong>religious</strong> or <strong>spiritual</strong> faith. TheCensus identifies nine majority faiths in Canada <strong>and</strong> in Ontario: Catholic,Protestant, Christian Orthodox, Christian not included elsewhere, Muslim,Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu <strong>and</strong> Sikh. In addition, approximately 65,000 people inCanada, <strong>and</strong> 19,000 people in Ontario, indicated their religion as being other thanthose already listed.15. Selected Religions, Ontario <strong>and</strong> Canada (2001 Census) 15CanadaOntarioTotal population 29,639,035 11,285,550Catholic 12,936,905 3,911,760Protestant 8,654,850 3,935,745Christian Orthodox 479,620 264,055Christian not includedelsewhere780,450 301,935Muslim 579,640 352,530Jewish 329,995 190,795Buddhist 300,345 128,320Hindu 297,200 217,555Sikh 278,410 104,785Eastern religions 37,550 17,780Other religions 63,975 18,985No <strong>religious</strong> affiliation 4,900,090 1,841,29015 Statistics Canada, “Selected religions, provinces <strong>and</strong> territories (2001 Census)”, online:http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/demo30b.htm.8