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Of the remaining 22 butchers, 15 are Ghanaians; being of Dagomba (7),Ashanti r.nd Band-. (5),or GonjF. (5) origin. The remaining 7 are: Geo (2),Zabru-ir. (2), Fossa (1), Zcruba (1) and Grunshi (1).2. The effice ee chief butcher (earkin pawa) has recently ceased to behereditary in .'u:e 1 . ~The butchers(pawa in Hausa) are organised in traditional Hausafashion in an association headed by a chief butcherTraditionally, the office of chief(sarkin pawa).butcher was hereditary, a fatherbeing succeeded by a son. Wot only did this tradition recently break50down in Kumasi, but nowadays the butchers' nominee has to be acceptable51politically.3. The chief butcher retains much of his traditional power and most ofhis traditional obligations.He has control over new entrants to the trade and is also, effectively,responsible for allocating stall-space in the overcrowded central meatmarket. He receives the skins of a l l animals slaughtered on Friday,52 \ / \ / ]which are then his to sell. At the time of Ramadan he must provideeach butcher with a gown, costing £4 or £5, and when a child is born toa butcher'swife, he should provide a sheep for the "out-dooring."If a butcher dies and has no relatives in the country the chiefmust assumeresponsibility for the funeral.butcher4. Some of the most prosperous butchers are newcomers to Kumasi and thegeneral willingness of the established butchers to admit newcomers(provided they are qualified butchers) is remarkable.Of the 44 Hausa butchers for whom information was available, about 20had arrived in Kumasi since about 1951 - most of them directly fromNigeria. Although i t is clearly possible for rich Hausa newcomers tobuy themselves rather rapidly into the association - which presumablycauses much heartburning considering the number of old-established,second or third generation, Hausa butchers whom my informant designatedas "broke" - most of the Hausa newcomers are not rich men when theyfirstarrive.50. There is a rich field for investigation here by political scientists.51. At the time I vras in Kumasi there was, effectively, no chiefbutcher and the then acting chief butcher was a stop-gap appointment.This paragraph, therefore, relates to the former situation in Kumasi -as well as to the current one in Accra and elsewhere.52. Friday has been altered to Saturday in Accra, as more cattle areslaughtered that day.53. My informant was able to recollect which of the butchers had beenin Kumasi at the date of his own arrival there.
- M5. Practically all tho Hausr. butchers, whether newcomers or not, are sonsof butchers. But the groainft number of ncn-Mausa butchers includes somefsuch as former fleyers) ehsso fathers were net butchers.The Hausa tradition that a son should not be a f u l l butcher in hisfather's town during his lifetime, continues to be observed in Kumasi.(it is, presumably, this tradition which explains much of the migrationofHausa butchers).6. Many of the Kumasi butchers ere very poor.The average daily number of cattle slaughtered in Kumasi in 1963 was49. As there are several very important butchers who slaughter farmore than one animal daily (most of them supply institutions) and manywho slaughter nearly every day, the statistics clearly bear out thestatement that there are many who slaughter only occasionally, or notat a l l . (There ere also some who, lacking the finance to buy an animalfor themselves, regularly buy in partnership with another butcher, sellingha.If themeat).7. The entrenched position of butchers is reflected in market-stall ownership.There are about 22 f u l l butchers who officially rent tables (stalls) in theenormously over-crowded, small, ramshackle meat shed in Kumasi CentralMarket. These butchers are regarded by their fellows as "owning" thesetables, for the market authority (Kumasi City Council) finds itselfunable to enforce its own bye-lay; prohibiting the sub-letting,or transferof ownership, of stalls by those in whose names they are registered. I wasinformed that 9 of these 22 butchers, most of whom were designated as"broke", were selling no meat from their tables, having rented or(effectively) sold th^g^M^nr3~: a ^ O ^ —8. The butchers continue to defy the elected market authority.If a butcher is unable to obtain the use of a stall proper in the CentralMarket (which is much the most popular selling centre) then he mayeither sell in another Kumasi market, or obtain permission from thechief butcher to "fix" a stall for binself, in praceico usually awooden table, in the Central Market. As many -:s 9 of the 20 Hausabutchers who have arrived since about 1951 operate from such "fixed tables",against the wishes of the City Council, who show their tolerance of thisdefiance by collecting rent from the trespassers.
Page 2 and 3: (QUjiiwciili) of ( $k« m
Page 4 and 5: jjandlords and Brokers: A West Afri
Page 6 and 7: One's interest in this ancient syst
Page 8 and 9: - 5 -which in Ghana and Nigeria is
Page 10 and 11: landlord altogether - he who, a? it
Page 12 and 13: three days. Traditionally, i t is o
Page 14 and 15: -11 -that nost of thorn arc individ
Page 18: - 15 -9. Flayers, who a: j;t xho bu

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