Relativistic effects, spin-orbit coupling and non-collinear ... - WIEN 2k

Relativistic effects+Z eff e1) The mass-velocity correctionRelativistic increase in the mass of an electron with its velocity (when v e c)2) The Darwin termIt has no classical relativistic analogueDue to small and irregular motions of an electron about its mean position (Zitterbewegung)3) The spin-orbit couplingIt is the interaction of the spin magnetic moment (s) of an electron with the magnetic fieldinduced by its own orbital motion (l)4) Indirect relativistic effectThe change of the electrostatic potential induced by relativity is an indirect effect of thecore electrons on the valence electrons