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Relativistic effects, spin-orbit coupling and non-collinear ... - WIEN 2k

Relativistic effects, spin-orbit coupling and non-collinear ... - WIEN 2k

Relativistic effects, spin-orbit coupling and non-collinear ... - WIEN 2k

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Dirac equation: H D <strong>and</strong> are 4-dimensional is a four-component single-particle wave function that describes <strong>spin</strong>-1/2particles.<strong>spin</strong> up<strong>spin</strong> downH D1 1 2 2 33 4 4 In case of electrons:Largecomponents ()Smallcomponents () factor 1/(m e c 2 ) <strong>and</strong> are time-independent two-component <strong>spin</strong>ors describing the spatial<strong>and</strong> <strong>spin</strong>-1/2 degrees of freedomLeads to a set of coupled equations for <strong>and</strong> :cc 2 p V m c 2 p V m c ee

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