The Silent Epidemic: Perspectives of High School ... - Ignite! Learning

Notes
Representatives, U.S. General Accounting Office, 1. Also see; Baum, Sandy and Kathleen Payea (2004). Education
Pays 2004: The Benefits of Higher Education to Individuals and Society. NY: College Entrance Examination Board.
13 Doland, E. (2001). Give Yourself the Gift of a Degree. Washington, DC: Employment Policy Foundation.
14 National Center on Education Statistics (2005). Digest of Education Statistics 2004. Table 378. Accessed at
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d04/tables/dt04_378.asp.
15 Iceland, John (2003). Dynamics of Economic Well-Being: Poverty 1996-1999. Washington DC: U.S. Census
Bureau. Detailed Tables (not in report, but available online) Table 5: Poverty 1996/1997. Accessed at
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/sipp96/table059697.html.
16 Baum and Payea, 18. Citing data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey of the National Center for Health
Statistics. See also; Rumberger (2001), 3.
17 Calculations based on Harlow, C. W. (revised 2003). Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice
Statistics Special Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed at:
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ecp.pdf.
18 Snyder, Howard & Melissa Sickmund (1999). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Pittsburgh, PA:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency, U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed at: www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/
nationalreport99/toc.html.
19 PR Newswire (2005). MTV and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Announce New Joint Effort to Empower
Young People to Graduate From High School Ready for College. Hispanic Business.
Accessed at: http://www. hispanicbusiness.com/news/newsbyid.asp?id=23216.
20 The 25 locations were as follows: Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Brooklyn, NY; Cleveland, OH; Detroit, MI; Hartford,
CT; Hayward, CA; Jackson, MS; Kansas City, MO; Los Angeles, CA; Miami, FL; Milwaukee, WI; Muskogee, OK;
Nashville, TN; Oakland, CA; Philadelphia, PA; Phoenix, AZ; Salina, KS; Spartanburg, SC; Springfield, MA; St. Clairsville,
OH; St. Louis, MO; Tacoma, WA; Texarkana, TX; and Yonkers, NY.
21 In national studies, former students report a wide variety of specific reasons for leaving high school – the vast
majority of which relate to school, and a much smaller percentage of which relate to family or the need to work. Some
of the most often cited reasons include: not liking school, failing school, not getting along with teachers, family reasons
(including having a baby), and the need to get a job. Rumberger (2001), 4. Rumberger notes that even these
self-reported reasons do not fully reveal the underlying causes of why students quit school. He examines explanations
from various social science disciplines and focuses on both individual and institutional (school, family, peer and
community) factors.
22 Oakes, Jeannie (1985). Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press. See also;
Goodland, John (1984). A Place Called School. New York: McGraw-Hill.
23 Kaufman, Philip et al. (1992), 39.
24 Ibid., 23-30.
25 Rumberger (2001), 4.
26 Several, but surprisingly few, longitudinal or retrospective studies of cohorts of students have analyzed the indicators
of dropping out from as early as first grade. See Rumberger (2001), 6-9; Alexander et al. (1997). From First Grade
26