Here - Bond

06Feature | Enough Food for Everyone IF07The Enough Food for Everyone… IFcampaign aims to tackle a fundamentalproblem faced by millions of people:hunger.The world has enough food foreveryone, yet not everyone has enoughfood to live. The IF campaign is apowerful coalition of more than 100organisations who have come togetherin 2013 to mobilise millions of peopleacross the UK to take action towardsending the global hunger crisis.IF mattersEnoughFood forEveryoneLaunched on 23 January, the IF campaign is a major new campaignthat aims to tackle global hunger and its causes. Cara Bevingtonexplains what it’s about and the change it hopes to bring.Caroline Trutmann/Save the ChildrenThere is enough food in the world tofeed everyone. Yet nearly 900 million– one in eight people – go to bedhungry every night and over twomillion children die from malnutritionannually.While important progress has beenmade on many key developmentchallenges, there simply isn’t the samerate of progress on hunger. Food pricesare at a peak and set to rise further,hitting poor people hardest at homeand around the world. It’s unfair, it’sunjust, and the truth is – it’s totallypreventable.The solutions lie in more of the rightkinds of investment – for example tohelp poor farmers adapt to thedevastating effects of climate changeand to invest in child nutrition.The solutions are also, critically,about changing the conditions whichcurrently mean that too many poorpeople do not have enough food. Thisis about enhancing poor people’saccess to land, and improvinggovernance so that investment leadsto everyone getting enough food. It isabout transparency to ensure thatcompanies pay the taxes due todeveloping countries. This will helpthem to mobilise more of their ownresources in the fight against hungerand enable poor people to holdcompanies and governments toaccount. It is also about governments,The power of IFWe are asking world leaders changethe future by tackling four big IFs.1Investment: Meet existingpromises in order to provide moreand better finance for sustainablesmall-scale agriculture and childnutrition.2Land: Ensure fair and sustainableuse of land so it contributes tofood security and by growing crops tofeed people and not fuel cars.citizens and companies all playingtheir part in building a future whereeveryone is able to grow or buy enoughfood to eat, which underpins societies’and economies’ ability to thrive.In 2013, the UK will be in the globalspotlight. When the UK hosts theworld’s richest nations at the G8Summit the world will be watching. Inthe days before the G8, David Cameronwill host a Hunger Summit, gatheringworld leaders together to discuss howto tackle global hunger. Cameron is alsoco-chairing the United Nations panelwhich will set new global developmenttargets for the next decade. Finally, butno less importantly, 2013 will also bethe year that the UK is set to reach itshistoric promise of spending 0.7 percent of GNI on aid. The IF campaign isa unique opportunity to rally aroundthese political moments and show wewon’t accept the injustice of globalhunger any longer.We want 2013 to be a year in whichwe make big strides towards a worldwhere everyone has enough food toeat, now and in the future.3Tax: Stop big companies dodgingtax in poor countries, so thatmillions of people can free themselvesfrom hunger.4Transparency: Ensure thatgovernments and investors arehonest and open about their actionsthat prevent people gettingenough food.Everything we want to achieve isconditional. It won’t happen on itsown. We can only make hunger aproblem of the past…■■IF we all believe that everyone shouldand can have enough foodAll UK-based organisations are invitedto join and support the campaignthroughout 2013, contactCara Bevington, CampaignCommunications Coordinator, formore details: cbevington@bond.org.ukThe IF campaignhas the potential tochange the shapeof things to come.■■IF we create a campaign that inspiresmillions to join in■■IF our campaign generates so muchnoise that our leaders are compelledto actIF – a tiny, but powerful word.It all depends on if. It’s a challenge,a question and an invitation toimagine.www.enoughfoodif.orgwww.facebook.com/enoughfoodiftwitter.com/enoughfoodifthe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.uk bond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

Feature | Enough Food for Everyone IFFeature | Funding the future08 0909Who’s signed up so far?Over 100 member organisations havesigned up to the campaign so farrepresenting a significant number ofUK NGOs working on global food andhunger issues as well as many faithcommunities and diaspora networks.The broad range of memberorganisations will help the campaignto reach people from all walks of lifeacross the UK.The IF campaign gives us the opportunity toshine a light on the injustice of an unfair foodsystem which leaves young people hungry andstunts their development. I’m confident thattogether we can make 2013 the year whenworld leaders commit to tackling hunger.Tom Burke, Director of Global Youth Work, Y Care International100 NGOs and faith groups launch the Enough Food for Everyone IF Campaign at SomersetHouse, calling for action on the root causes of hunger. Join at enoughfoodif.orgTim Whitby for Getty ImagesLaunch eventsOn 23 January, launch events tooktake place across the UK.■■In London, the IF campaign waslaunched in spectacular fashion inthe courtyard at Somerset House.At the heart of the launch event was aspecially commissioned 3Danimation projected onto the facadeof the building which told the story ofthe campaign.■■A parliamentary launch was held atSpeaker's House whereparliamentarians from all partieslearnt more about the IF campaign.For a full list of organisations:www.enoughfoodif.orgContact Cara Bevington formore details about joiningthe campaign:cbevington@bond.org.uk■■Events took place in Glasgow, Belfastand Cardiff, with regional medialaunches in lots of cities and townsacross the country between 23-26January reaching thousands ofpeople across the UK.Looking ahead, we will be making asmuch noise as possible ahead of keyadvocacy moments including theBudget on 20 March, the HungerSummit and the G8 Summit on 17-18June to help persuade world leaders toact now. There will be opportunitiesfor organisations and individuals aliketo be involved and support thecampaign throughout 2013.Visit www.enoughfoodif.orgfor more details.Why Bond is involvedTim Whitby for Getty ImagesGiven Bond’s unique position in thesector, the IF campaign offers anexcellent opportunity to strengthenUK NGOs collective campaigningand to build public support. Bond isrepresented on the decision-makingbodies for the campaign: the Boardand Organising Committee. Bondalso organises the Assemblymeetings which are open to allcampaign member organisations.Funding the futureHaving built a solid reputation as a pioneer ofFairtrade, The Co-operative is determined to keepon pushing boundaries. Now, it’s leading a newinnovative approach to funding co-operatives thatis part of a master plan to go ‘beyond Fairtrade’.Yawa Dotse a market stall holder in Togo who usedher Lendwithcare.org loan to expand her stall.At a time when the developmentcommunity is considering new financemodels to maximise impact, theco-operative movement is pioneeringits own innovative approach, leveragingthe strength and generosity of theco-operative family worldwide.The United Nations estimates thatthe livelihoods of around half of theworld's population are improved byco-operative enterprise. However, theprovision of finance is a key barrier forthe expansion of co-operatives inmany developing countries. Toovercome this, The Co-operative hashelped spearhead a new fund, theGlobal Development Co-operative(GDC), which aims to gatherinvestments from both theinternational co-operative movementand development bodies, and thenredistribute these funds as affordableloans to co-operatives seeking to growand expand in the developing world.Affordable loans tothe ‘missing middle’Emilie Bailey/CAREMicrofinance has expanded massivelyin recent years, and is helping millionsof individual borrowers with their microenterprises, and large internationalinstitutions continue to provide supportto big business, however loans toco-operatives in the developing worldare in short supply. Lenders are eithersimply not active in this market, do notsufficiently understand the cooperativemodel, or place conditions onloans that are difficult to meet includingthe provision of collateral or evidence ofa good credit history. Opening up thismarket and providing affordable loanscan help this ‘missing middle’ to, forexample, buy machinery to increaseproduction, fund product diversificationinitiatives and purchase transport toaccess previously untapped markets.As a not-for-profit initiative, theGDC aims to maximise the benefitdelivered by each loan granted.Alongside the provision of affordableloans, the fund hopes to be able toprovide a package of technicalassistance for its borrowers which willinclude governance support,accounting assistance, and legalassistance to help overcome anybarriers to trade or ‘bankability’ thatco-operatives face.Over time the GDC aims to unlockfunding of US$50m and has so farreceived financial support fromco-operatives across the UK, France,United States and Canada as well asfrom emerging economies includingIndia and China. Advanceddiscussions are also under way with anumber of intermediary financialinstitutions which are active indeveloping countries and who will playa crucial role in ensuring funds areutilised to achieve maximum impact.Agriculturalco-operatives helpto feed the worldThe GDC aims to start granting loansduring the first half of 2013 and its initialfocus will be on agricultural cooperativesin Africa. These groupsrepresent not only some of the world’spoorest people, but can also play acrucial role in feeding the world’sgrowing population fairly andsustainably. Indeed, the United NationsFood and Agricultural Organisation hasnoted that one of the necessary steps toachieving food security is to supportand invest in co-operatives andproducer organisations because of therole they play in helping smallholderfarmers to increase food production,market their goods, create jobs, andimprove their own livelihoods 1 .This focus on agriculturaldevelopment fits very much withThe Co-operative’s own priorities ontackling global poverty. For example,in 2012, 75,000 of its members joinedits campaign with Oxfam calling ongovernments to unlock greater supportfor smallholder farmers andco-operatives. It has also been alongstanding pioneer of Fairtrade andcontinues to sell more Fairtrade for thesize of its business than competitors.Taking this a step further, it recently setits most ambitious target yet – that if itcan be Fairtrade it will be, and aims to be90 per cent of the way there by the endof 2013.Beyond FairtradeBuilding on this leading approach toFairtrade, The Co-operative is nowinvesting in a programme of projectsand initiatives that go ‘beyond Fairtrade’,which, to date, has seen it extendadditional support to 16 Fairtradeco-operatives and producerassociations. Over 100,000 people,including smallholder farmers, workersand their wider communities, arebenefiting in a variety of ways, be itthrough strengthening democracy,boosting productivity, diversifying intoother products, having a stronger voicein trading negotiations or improvingcommunity-wide access to basicnecessities like clean water andsanitation. Going forward, TheCo-operative is aiming to go full circleand see Fairtrade co-operatives in itssupply chain among the recipients ofGDC loans.Hannah Newcomb,International Development Manager,The Co-operativeReferences1FAO (2009) How to Feed the Worldin 2050.The Global DevelopmentCo-operative is welcoming partieswho wish to be involved insupporting its delivery to get intouch. For more informationcontact Stuart Coe, GDC FundManager: stuart.coe@cfs.coopthe networker 103 | January – March 2013bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

Feature | The year ahead10 11Every year is important for advancingthe goal of ending global poverty, but2013 is a shaping up to include somecritical opportunities to makesignificant progress. In the UK, thegovernment is expected to reach aidspending of 0.7 per cent of GNI, thePrime Minster will continue toco-chair the UN high level panel ofpost-2015 and the UK will hold thepresidency of the G8. At theinternational level, momentum isgathering around the post-2015agenda (page 20) and in Europe,member states must agree the EU’snext seven year budget, includingthe EU’s development and aid budget(page 25). The IF campaign to endthe global hunger crisis (page 6) willgalvanise action on global povertyand inequality issues.UK Presidencyof the G8The UK assumed the Presidency of theG8 on 1 January and will host the 2013The yearaheadJoanna Rea outlines the key advocacyopportunities of 2013 which could transformthe lives of people living in poverty.summit at Lough Erne, NorthernIreland, from 17-18 June. The PrimeMinister has confirmed that the G8will focus on three priority areas– trade, tax and transparency – andthe UK will also host a high-levelconference on food security andpublish a G8 accountability report.As well as hosting the mainLeaders’ summit, the UK will host arange of meetings including G8Foreign Affairs Ministers on 10-11 Apriland G7 Finance Ministers and CentralBank Governors on 10-11 May.In an open letter to other G8Leaders the Prime Minister outlined hisdevelopment agenda, saying “In ourpartnership with less developed andemerging economies, I believe wemust put a new and practical emphasison transparency, accountability andopen government. Our collectiveefforts on international developmentover the years give the G8 both thelegitimacy and responsibility to movethe international agenda forward tofocus not just on aid, but also on theunderlying drivers of growth and jobswhich will lift people out of povertyfor good”.Twitter: @G8Aid in 2013The UK will join an elite group ofcountries should it reach the 0.7 percent aid target in 2013. The Marchbudget will confirm the spendinglevel but it will not be officiallyconfirmed until the April 2014OECD-DAC figures are published.Meanwhile, many otherEuropean countries are reducingtheir aid budgets. CONCORDAidWatch will continue to track andmonitor European aid levels and willpublish its annual report inNovember 2013. Bond will also workwith CONCORD and partners inother European countries to ensurethat aid and development remain onthe political agenda in Europe. Thefirst important moment for this willbe the informal meeting of EuropeanDevelopment Ministers in February,followed by the Foreign AffairsMinisters’ meeting in May.On aid quality, the UK willcontinue to play an important role inthe Global Partnership for EffectiveDevelopment Cooperation whichSecretary of State Justine Greeningco-chairs. Bond with its partners willbe pushing the EuropeanCommission and member states topublish and commence delivery oftheir Busan implementation plans.Russian Presidencyof the G20Russia will host the 2013 G20 Summitin St. Petersburg on 5-6 September.The G20 will continue its focus on theglobal economy focusing on threepriority areas: growth through qualityjobs and investment; growth throughtrust and transparency; and growththrough effective regulation.Both the anti-corruption and thedevelopment working groups of theG20 will continue their work in 2013.The anti-corruption working groupwill commence implementation of itsnew action plan and the developmentworking group will focus on fiveareas: food security, infrastructure,human capital, financial inclusionand post-2015.The Russian Presidency hasalready signalled its commitment tooutreach and dialogue with civilsociety. It hosted an initial dialoguewith Russian and international civilsociety in December 2012 and it hasBond trainingIf you want to understand how best toinfluence policy makers in the UK,Europe or internationally then take ainvited NGOs to make thematicsubmissions ahead of official workinggroup meetings through the year. ThePresidency will also host a CivilG20dialogue in June 2014, and will focuson outreach with other groups suchas the private sector and think tanks.Bond’s G20 work will focus on itsdevelopment agenda and we willwork closely with our civil societypartners in Russia and other G20countries. Bond will continue toconvene members to develop andpresent policy recommendations tothe UK government and work toensure that the G20 is accountable,transparent and facilitates thecontribution and participation ofdeveloping countries and civilsociety.Official website: www.g20.orgTwitter: @G20rusCivil G20 website:www.g20civil.comTwitter: @civilG20look at our Corridors of power series.bond.org.uk/learnTimelinejan1Start of the Irishpresidency of theEuropean Union,until June30(until 1 February)3rd Meeting of theHigh Level Forumon Post-2015– Monrovia,LiberiaFEB11-12Informal meetingof EUDevelopmentMinisters –Dublin, Ireland25-10Fairtrade FortnightMAR20UK Budget(TBC) 4th Meetingof the High LevelForum on Post-2015 – Bali,IndonesiaAPR202013 SpringMeetings of theWorld Bank Groupand theInternationalMonetary Fund– Washington DC15-16Dublin conferenceon hunger,nutrition andclimate justiceMAY(TBC) UK Queen’sSpeech – Stateopening ofParliament(TBC) Report ofHigh Level Panelon post-2015expected to bepresented to theUnited NationsSecretary GeneralJUN(TBC) UK summiton food security17-18UK G8 summit,Lough Erne,Northern IrelandJUL1Start of Lithuanianpresidency of theEuropean UnionSEP5-6G20 Summit –St. Petersburg,Russia23(TBC) UnitedNations MDGReview SummitOCT122013 AnnualMeetings of theWorld Bank Groupand theInternationalMonetary Fund– Washington DC16World Food DayNOV(TBC) UnitedNationsClimate ChangeConference(CoP 19)DEC1Start of AustralianPresidency of theG2010InternationalHuman RightsDaythe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

13Future LeadersProgrammefor FundraisersThe Resource Alliance is proud to present theFuture Leaders Programme for Fundraisers.A unique new programme to meet the career development needs of middleand senior managers seeking to become leaders within the fundraising sector.Exclusive programme benefits:• Five day residential course at Oxford University• Study with some of the best names in the fieldof leadership education• Access to a peer learning network and private sector mentors• Gain key skills and core capabilities proven to be critical toleading others effectively with special sensitivity to the needsof the Third Sector.The deadline forapplications is 31 March 2013For further details visitwww.resource-alliance.org/futureleaderKT 180 x 137mm with Bleed:Layout 1 11/1/13 12:08 Page 1Experts inTravel cost reductionCharity/missionary faresRemote destinationsComplex travel arrangementsTraveller welfare and risk managementJoin the community of over 2000non-profit organisations globallywho entrust their travel planningto Key Travel.www.keytravel.com 020 7843 9660tellmemore@keytravel.comLondon Manchester Edinburgh Brussels Washington DCParadigm Projectbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

andPhilanthropy international futures development | Philanthropy, – where NGOs14 15next?FivePhilanthropy challenges futures to change|Philanthropy, NGOs and internationaldevelopment – where next?Philanthropic giving will continue to grow withincreasing numbers of philanthropists frommiddle-income countries choosing to targetpoverty and inequality in their own region,according to Professor Myles Wickstead CBE.Above: Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & MelindaGates Foundation administers polio drops to achild. (N'Djamena, Chad, 2011)Bill and Melinda GatesFoundationIt was never very explicit, but one keyassumption underlying the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) was that inreturn for better policies and governancein the developing countries there wouldbe continuing – and indeed significantlyincreased – flows of OfficialDevelopment Assistance (ODA) from theOECD/DAC countries. This compact wasmade much more overt subsequently,not least at the Gleneagles Summithosted by the UK in 2005.Now it is the UK’s turn to hostanother G8 Summit. It will be markedinter alia by the UK achieving the 0.7per cent GNI target – the first G8country to do so. We should be veryproud of this, in part because it showsthat the UK has delivered on itscommitment and because welltargetedand effective concessionalassistance remains crucial for manycountries.But the world has changeddramatically in this period. Thedistinctions between ‘developed’ andPhilanthropists will beincreasingly home-grownand so will want to use theirwealth to target inequityand inequality in their owncountry or region.‘developing’ have become less useful.The G8 has yielded power to the G20.Other types of financial flows haveassumed ever greater importance:private sector financing and foreigndirect investment; diasporaremittances (which have for some timeexceeded aid flows to the developingworld by a ratio of three to one); and thegrowth in philanthropic funding.Huge shift inphilanthropic flowsAt the beginning of the century,philanthropic flows to developingcountries were insufficient to warrant aline in the OECD/DAC’s list of financialresource transfer. They now account forabout half as much as ODA – a massiveshift. Of course, the creation of bodieswith very significant resources like theBill and Melinda Gates Foundation hashad a major impact; but there has alsobeen a significant growth in otherfoundations and philanthropic giving,both international and from withinemerging economies themselves.A further shake-up of theinternational development context isunderway, largely because of thecontinuing progress being made bymany developing countries but alsoas discussions begin on what shouldsucceed the MDGs after 2015. Keyissues will be how to reach the poorestand most vulnerable groups andpromote greater equity, and how thiscan all be made consistent withaddressing issues like climate changeand pollution to assure the futuresustainability of the planet.Home-grownphilanthropistson the riseLet us fast forward to 2025. If progresscontinues at the same rate as has beenevident in recent years, there will bemany more middle-income countries– joining countries like India, Chinaand Ghana – than now. They will needsignificantly less ODA from donors,which will be concentrated on arelatively small number of fragile states.So will there be a continuing need forphilanthropists and civil societyorganisations?‘Yes’, is the short answer. Verywealthy philanthropists and foundationsmight choose to support ‘global publicgoods’ – addressing issues such asdiseases that cross borders, orsupporting the development of newagricultural practices which have broadapplication. But on the whole it is likelythat philanthropists will be increasinglyhome-grown and resident in middleincomecountries and so will want touse their wealth to target inequity andinequality in their own country orregion. Some of them at least, havingmade their money in the private sector,will want to use their philanthropicefforts to strengthen that area of theeconomy, perhaps focusing in particularon the key challenges of employmentand job creation.Key roles for civilsociety organisationsand NGOsCivil society organisations will also havea continuing important role to play asservice-deliverers and as advocates forpolicy change. As they develop capacityand capability over time, local civilsociety organisations/NGOs willbecome increasingly able to form directrelationships both with theirgovernments and with philanthropists.The key role of international NGOs islikely to be to support development workin fragile states and to respond tohumanitarian emergencies; and ofcourse to continue to act as advocatesfor the poorest and most vulnerablewherever they may be.Greater collaborationfor resourcesNGOs, international or national, needresources. Philanthropists, internationalor national, have them. What needs tobe done to tackle poverty, inequalityand sustainability should becomeincreasingly evident over the nexttwo to three years. Philanthropists andNGOs will together have a crucial role toplay in addressing those challenges.Professor Myles Wickstead CBEMyles Wickstead is a formerAmbassador to Ethiopia and Head ofSecretariat to the Commission for Africaand is a Special Advisor to the House ofCommons International DevelopmentSelect Committee. He has experienceon the Boards of a number of NGOs,Trusts and Foundations.Five challengesto changeIn 2012, a major report by the Bellagio Initiative delivereda powerful message that philanthropic and developmentorganisations must help tackle the corrosive loss of trustin government agencies, regulatory authorities and NGOs.The Human Wellbeing in the 21stCentury: Meeting Challenges, SeizingOpportunities report on the future ofphilanthropy and internationaldevelopment was more than justanother think tank think piece. It wasthe final report of the Bellagio Initiativeand the culmination of a major globalconsultation to explore howphilanthropic and internationaldevelopment organisations might worktogether to better protect and promotehuman wellbeing.The process identified five keychallenges:1Build new development theory:Philanthropic and developmentorganisations, including newinstitutions rapidly emerging in Asia,Africa and Latin America, must workwith people on the ground to buildnew theories of development thathave global-ownership and areenvironmentally and politicallysustainable.2Recognise the role of politics:Philanthropic and developmentorganisations must accept theprofoundly political nature of thedevelopment process and get involvedin this aspect of current developmentdebates. This will require listening tomarginal people, utilising newresources, and rediscoveringphilanthropy’s advocacy role.3Measure development differently:Philanthropic and developmentorganisations must develop new,human-centred indicators ofdevelopment, which better capturewhat really matters in people’s lives.4Invest in innovation:Philanthropic and developmentorganisations must be more open topro-wellbeing innovation. This willrequire them to develop better systemsto collaboratively identify and expandpro-wellbeing innovations. In particular,philanthropic organisations shouldexplore ways to be less risk-averse.5Involve and empower globalcitizens: Global development effortsneed to be democratised. Philanthropicand development organisations shoulddraw on the skills, creativity andaspirations of a wider group of people,giving greater voice to marginal groupssuch as youth, women, and migrants.This will require developmentorganisations to be more transparentand to empower citizens to hold themto account.The Bellagio process was inevitablyopen ended. It proved hugelychallenging, in a short time, to stagedialogues on key issues around theworld. It is hard for people from radicallydifferent backgrounds and cultures(from slum dwellers’ organisations tophilanthrocapitalists) to find a commonlanguage, let alone a shared analysis orprogramme of action. The view fromTahrir Square is not the view from theWorld Bank.An encounter with Jay Naidoomade a big impression. He is a formertrade unionist and anti-apartheidactivist, minister in Mandela’sgovernment and is now with the GlobalAlliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).The Bellagio InitiativeThe Bellagio Initiative heard from adiverse group includingpolicymakers, academics, opinionleaders, social entrepreneurs,activists, indigenous peoples anddonors from over 30 countries.The initiative was led by theInstitute of Development Studies(IDS) and the Resource Alliance,with the Rockefeller Foundation asfunders and active partners.www.bellagioinitiative.orgHe said in Bellagio: “If we don’tunderstand politics as the centralchallenge to delivering humanwellbeing then we are missing the plot.That is the big issue that confronts us.”Talking with him and reading hisautobiography Fighting for Justiceunderlined again that no worthwhilestruggle, whether engaged in from “thestreet” or a government ministry, is easy.There is enough for us all to do, wehave constraints and limitations;picking the right priorities andapproaches is challenging. The Bellagioreports catalogue part of the journeyand I commend them as resources inyour work for human wellbeing.Dr Roger Williamson,Visiting Fellow, IDSr.williamson@ids.ac.ukDr Roger Williamson is a VisitingFellow at IDS and worked in theBellagio Initiative core team. He haspreviously organised internationalconferences for the Foreign Office(Wilton Park) and was Head of Policyand Campaigns at Christian Aid.Resources• The Human Wellbeing in the21st Century: Meeting Challenges,Seizing Opportunities• Meeting Challenges (20 pp) –a snapshot of the mainarguments and the five challenges• The Synthesis report (98 pp),Promoting Human Wellbeing in aChallenging Global Context.Both reports are available atwww.bellagioinitiative.orgor email Leah Plati for a free copy(while stocks last): l.plati@ids.ac.ukThe website also has access to theCommissioned Papers, GlobalDialogue Reports and other material.the networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

16Philanthropy futures | Impact investing:A growing global opportunity17ImpactinvestingA growing global opportunityImpact investing is here to stay, according to Ted Jackson,and there’s never been a better time for UK developmentNGOs to shape the movement.Impact investing—your smart phonebuzzes with tweets, blogs and reportson it, and your networks and partnersbring it up all the time.As 2013 begins amid heavyworkloads, rapid policy shifts and aturbulent world, what should you doabout this new idea?What is an impactinvestment and who’sinvolved?Impact investments aim to achievesocial or environmental impacts andfinancial returns at the same time. Theymay mobilise private or public capital,or both. From the provision of a loan toa cooperative that builds affordablehousing in Kenya, to the purchase ofshares in a green energy company inIndia—impact investing is found inmany forms across the world.A wide range of players are alreadyinvolved: asset owners such as highnet-worth individuals, charitablefoundations and governments; assetmanagers like investment advisors,fund managers, banks, and specialisedimpact investment funds; demandsideactors that include socialenterprises, small private businesses,microfinance institutions andcommunity developmentcorporations; and service providerssuch as networks, standards bodies,consultants and universities.In fact, over the past five years,these actors have joined forces to createa dynamic young industry—amovement, really—with platforms andchampions emerging in all regions ofthe world. While the initial push camefrom investors in the global north andenterprises and projects in the globalsouth, new structures and funds arebeing created by local leaders in Africa,Asia and the Americas.Impact investingshould be exploitedSo, what should UK developmentorganisations do about all this? Whileimpact investing is not going to replaceaid and other forms of grantassistance—and should not—there is nodoubt now that it will be an element inthe evolving field of developmentfinance for many years to come. Itshould therefore be engaged withenergy and creativity. Indeed, ratherthan passively sitting on the sidelines,development professionals now have toactively shape this movement. This is areal opportunity that should be fullyexploited.There are real debates in andaround impact investing. There aretensions over who will drive this sectorglobally: the ‘north’, the ‘south’, or somenew, flatter G20-like coalition ofchampions? Some impact investors putimpact first, while others (oftenbecause of regulatory obligations) putfinancial returns first—though there arealso recent examples of the sequencingand layering of different types ofinvestors and investment instrumentsin the same enterprise or project.And, yes, the actors in the industrybring different ideological perspectivesto this work. Some see this approach toinvesting as a means of reducing therole of the state in economic and socialThere is no doubt that [impactinvesting] will be an element inthe evolving field of developmentfinance for many years to come.development, but there is also aconstituency that supports a robustrole for both governments and markets.The fact that these and other diversecomponents of the movement canwork together on a common agenda isan indicator of the organising power ofthe concept of impact investing itself.Learn. Test. Build.Assess. Repeat.Recognising such tensions, whatshould UK NGOs actually do aboutimpact investing? First, they shouldlearn more about this concept andmovement. The recipient of a recentmajor DFID grant, the Global ImpactInvesting Network (GIIN) has becomethe pivotal international body for theindustry, offering networking,education and research services.While its origins and foundingmembers are largely American, thenetwork is actively expanding itsmembership and partnerships aroundthe world. Susannah Nicklin, aninvestment professional, is the GIIN’sliaison person based in London.Other international groups withvaluable expertise include:■■Global Impact Investing RatingsSystem (GIIRS), an analogue toStandard and Poor’s for the impactinvesting field■■Impact Investing PolicyCollaborative, which studies andpromotes the role of governmentpolicy to advance impact investing■■Rockefeller Foundation, central tothe start-up of the sector and nowshifting to the demand side■■Omidyar Network, with its leadershipexperience in microfinance andsocial ventures.USAID has also has been a key funderof the field, as have developmentfinance institutions like the OPIC in theUS, FMO, the Dutch development bank,in The Netherlands, together with theInter-American Development Bank.Indeed, the UK itself is home toimpressive capacity in impact investing,which actually began to be built duringthe first term of Tony Blair’s governmentand has continued through the currentgovernment under David Cameron,both inside and outside the state.Among the key sources of expertise areBridges Ventures, Big Society Capital,CAF Venturesome and Social FinanceUK. Alliance Magazine is also a fineresource on philanthropy and socialinvestment.But learning more is just the start.UK development NGOs can becomeactors in the impact investing field inThe Paradigm Project brings clean cooking stoves to rural Kenya.The Paradigm Project aims to develop world-class, impact venturesthat generate meaningful and sustainable economic, social andenvironmental value for millions of families in the developing world.It works primarily in rural Kenya, providing women with cleancooking stoves that reduce wood consumption and toxic smoke,saving long and often treacherous journeys to collect wood andpreventing the development of pneumonia and other respiratoryillnesses. www.theparadigmproject.orgtheir own right. For one thing, theirboards and managements may chooseto test the idea by investing a portion ofthe financial assets they manage inimpact investment funds, or by settingup their own targeted impact funds.They can assess how well this worksand, depending on the results, scale upsuch investments.Together with their southernpartners, UK developmentorganisations can also help nationalnetworks in the south find and nurtureboth local investors and localenterprises that can help build capacityand scale of impact investors on theground. In addition, UK NGOs andtheir partners can support the buildingof local evaluation capacity in southerncountries to hold impact investorsaccountable for their declaredintentions and impact targets.Learn. Test. Build. Assess. Repeat. Thiscycle of action and reflection works andcan be applied to impact investing.That’s what needs to happen now.Ted Jackson, President, E. T. Jacksonand AssociatesE.T. Jackson and Associates is aninternational managementconsulting firm providingprofessional services in strategicplanning, organisational learningand performance assessment togrant-makers and investors in thepublic interest. With a track recordof award-winning work in Africaand Asia, the company specialisesin impact investing, microfinance,social enterprise, civil-societyorganisations, gender equality,local governance, and basic andhigher education.Paradigm Projectthe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

18Philanthropy futures |A new age for philanthropyPhilanthropy futures | Opinion19Child in Lusaka receiving the rota vaccine a year ahead ofthe national roll out in 2013, courtesy of the GSK donation.A new age for philanthropyThe face of philanthropy is changing but whatwill a new wave of philanthropists bring todevelopment? Maria Neophytou gives her views.A plethora of actors and multiple formsof financing are emerging in thedevelopment ecosystem. While donoragencies and international NGOs arestill powerful, agenda-setting actors andaid remains crucial, the developmentlandscape today is far more complexand multi-faceted than when theMillennium Development Goals (MDG)were officially adopted in 2000.Philanthropic givinghas increased rapidlyOne aspect of significant change is thegrowth of philanthropy. The OECDestimates that philanthropic giving indevelopment has increased by 128 percent since 2000. In the UK, annualdevelopment spend by foundations isestimated by Cass Business School at£290 million, with CIFF, the WellcomeTrust and Comic Relief being thebiggest givers. Globally, according tofinancial flows to developing countriesin 2010, philanthropic giving (US$56billion) is creeping up to nearly half ofOverseas Development Assistance(ODA) (US$128.5 billion), though bothare dwarfed by foreign directinvestment (US$514.3 billion) whichremains the most substantial source offinance for developing countries. 1The Bellagio Initiative on the Futureof Philanthropy and Development andthe International Development SelectCommittee’s Inquiry on the Role ofPrivate Foundations in Developmentmarked 2012 as a year of vibrant debateabout the implications of these trends.The general consensus was thatphilanthropy plays a complementaryrole to ODA. Free from some of therestraints of donors, philanthropistscan exercise:■■financial leverage: driving fundingto neglected or high risk areas andwhere impact is uncertain or longterm (e.g. vaccine development)■■policy leverage: advocating forchange with governments, civilsociety and the public in a way otheractors would struggle to do (e.g.supporting gay rights movements)■■market leverage: stepping in whenmarkets fail to meet needs (e.g.insurance and banking schemes forpeople with HIV/AIDS.What also came through in thesedebates was a fundamental irony at theheart of philanthropy: that the samecharacteristics from which it draws itsstrength, for instance, independentfunding and decision-making, havealso attracted criticism of a lack ofaccountability, transparency and therequisite expertise to direct funds wheremost needed. The challenge forphilanthropists now is to try to meetthese concerns without sacrificing thevery independence that makes themboth a vital and complementary actor indevelopment. In turn, if we wantphilanthropists to abide by sector setnorms, we must get better at engagingwith them.Philanthropy isstill evolvingTraditionally identified with large familyfoundations like Rockefeller and Ford,the new breed of philanthropic donorstend to come from growth sectors liketechnology and finance, bringing withthem sector knowledge and newmodels of engagement, beyondgrant-giving from a distance.The injection of technical expertiseand innovation can shed new light onobdurate issues. For instance theOmidyar Network, recently co-hostedthe Open Up! conference with DFID onthe role of technology in promotingopen government and transparency.Absolute Return for Kids’s (ARK) owntrustees primarily come from thefinance sector which has imbued ARKwith a focus on cost effectiveinterventions which can achievemeasurable change.Public and private sector partnersare increasingly recognising the valueof such collaborations, with new waysof working which amplify the distinctroles and comparative advantages ofeach emerging.PartnershipARK’s diarrhoea control programme inZambia is a case in point. Co-createdwith a respected national partner CIDRZ,and with the government on board fromthe start to ensure systemic impact, ARKis developing and testing a model ofdiarrhoea control which combines bothprevention and treatment. Using itsnetworks and funding commitment asleverage, ARK has doubled its investmentand convened a range of partners,including the Bill and Melinda GatesFoundation, Comic Relief, DFID/GAVIand GSK, to extend the scope and reachof the programme. (further details atwww.bond.org.uk/networker).Although a more complex picturehas emerged, bringing with itchallenges around decision-makingand coordination, we have found thatas long as there are shared goalsamong partners and clearly definedroles and relationship structures,complexity is not necessarily a badthing. Indeed, it may be the veryhallmark of the future of development.Maria Neophytou, Head of Policy,ARK (Absolute Return for Kids)ARK (AbsoluteReturn for Kids)References1'Private Foundations, Business andDeveloping a Post-2015 Framework,'IDS Policy Briefing, June 2012The future ofphilanthropyand NGOSTaking risks canfuel innovationLoren Treisman,Executive at Indigo TrustPhilanthropists are often interested ininnovation and this includes exploringnew models of development andexploring financially sustainablebusiness models.We believe that the best solutions toAfrica’s challenges will be devised bythose affected by them, which is whywe’re interested in providing small,high risk grants to locally devisedprojects. Some philanthropists maybe risk adverse, but we recognise aneed to take risks with small amountsof money initially, giving entrepreneursroom for trial and error.Collaborationand partnershipsare increasinglyimportantMary Glanville, Managing Directorat the Institute for PhilanthropyA growing trend, identified in theannual Family Foundation GivingTrends report released in December2012, is an increase in existing andproposed strategic collaboration andfinancial partnerships among donors.This is a trend that we have seen growwithin our own influential network ofphilanthropists, many of whom haveWe also encourage philanthropists tosupport social enterprises, which insome cases result in financiallysustainable business models andremoves the need for on-goingfunding. We hope we can ‘kick start’projects that will then achievesustainability or attract local funding orsupport.With the advent of social media andIATI (a universal mechanism forreporting international aid fortransparency purposes), we alsobelieve that philanthropists candramatically increase their impact bybeing more open in theircommunication. We have an activeblog, Twitter and Facebook accountand regularly commentate in themedia and present at conferences togive exposure to grantees.graduated from The PhilanthropyWorkshop (TPW) programme whicheducates major donors in the skills ofstrategic philanthropy.These partnerships go beyond“traditional” giving circles andco-funding opportunities. The IndigoTrust (see above) funds technologydrivenprojects primarily in Africa, butalso uses social and digital media toconnect with other funders and shareinsight. The fundraising communitycan benefit greatly from the expandeduse of social media by donors, gaininga valuable insight into their activitiesand requirements. The OakFoundation, which is led by TPWalumnus Dr. Kristian Parker, has takenpart in large-scale collaborations withIt’s also important for philanthropists tothink about the non-financial supportthey can provide to grantees. Oftenconnecting the right organisations,capacity building through advice andconsultancy, hosting events to sharebest practice, encouragingcollaborations and making connectionswith relevant organisations can be as ormore valuable than making grants.Indigo Trust is a grant-makingfoundation that supports technologyprojects which bring about socialchange in Africa. The Trust has aparticular focus on transparency,innovation and citizen empowerment.other donors in order to leverageresources, for example to create aninstitution or fill a gap ininfrastructure.While collaboration andpartnership are not new concepts,they are becoming an increasinglyimportant part of the way in whichphilanthropists work. Facilitated bynew technologies, partnershipsformed for a range of objectives areset to become commonplace amongphilanthropists wishing to maximisethe impact of their work.The Institute for Philanthropy is oneof the world's leading organisationsproviding education and thoughtleadership in strategic philanthropy.the networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.uk bond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

20Feature | Beyond 2015:from vision to content21Beyond 2015from vision to contentDominic Haslam explains the Beyond 2015 campaign’sapproach to developing the content of the post-2015 framework.For those heavily involved in whatcomes after the current MillenniumDevelopment Goals, the last two yearshave often felt like a constant discussionon process. I’ve been reliably informedthat it has looked like this from theoutside as well.While process led by the rightorganisations, that has legitimacy andis properly accountable, is vitallyimportant and was the initial focus ofthe Beyond 2015 campaign, it would bea mistake to think we’ve only talkedabout process until now.Progressingthinking on contentOne of the four Must-Haves that framedthe campaign’s thinking on process(see boxed information) was Substance.Substance sets out some initial thinkingon content: what should the frameworkaim for; what should and shouldn’t beincluded; how should it link or overlapwith other frameworks such as humanrights legislation?In 2012, the campaign furtheredthese initial thoughts to develop a ‘civilsociety position’ on content but as eachof us is only 0.00000000142857 percent of civil society, talking on behalf ofa global population of seven billion is abig ask.Hearing the voicesof people living inpovertyThe Beyond 2015 campaign mustensure that it doesn’t fall into the trap oftrying to synthesise too quickly intonice, clean policy statements which areconveniently focused but don’t actuallyreflect the experiences of the billions ofindividuals living in poverty. Seriousefforts are underway through theBeyond 2015 Participate project, to bringgood quality research into the viewsand voices of people affected by poverty.The High Level Panel consultations andthe undoubted swell of debate that willcome around the UN General Assemblyin September will also surface vitalinputs and perspectives. It is also true,however, that the process is alreadymoving with some decision-makerskeen to talk about goals and targets.Approaches tocontentIn December 2012, the campaign putforward its approach to content, whichwill focus on two aspects in 2013:1Collecting proposals for individualgoals, targets and indicators fromparticipating civil society organisationsand putting these on our website. Thestrength of support for individualproposals will be reflected when there’sevidence to back it up and civil societyexpertise will be gathered on particulargoals.2Collective advocacy will then focuson developing joint positions forthe ‘Vision’, ‘Purpose’, ‘Principles’ and‘Criteria’ for a post-2015 framework.Together, these four components willtell a strong story of what changes wewant to see in the world, what thespecific role of a post-2015 frameworkshould be, the core values underpinningit, and on what basis proposals forspecific goals for the final frameworkshould be accepted or rejected.This approach allows us to articulate avision for global society and influencedecision-makers on the means bywhich they should make specific goaldecisions. It also keeps us close to thecampaign’s aim to push for a soundprocess for the development of thepost-2015 framework and within that, toensure within that the many and variedvoices of civil society are heard.This isn’t to say the debates on whichgoals or indicators make it througharen’t critical or that civil societyshouldn’t be involved. That’s where thefirst aim comes in – to link agenciesworking in similar areas, putting themin touch with the process and providinga platform to put forward combinedproposals.The Bond Beyond 2015 UK Group islooking to develop specific asks aroundgoals, so Bond members have plenty ofscope to get involved. We look forwardto hearing your 0.00000000142857 percent’s worth.Dominic Haslam sits on both theinternational and UK executivecommittees of Beyond 2015. He isDirector of Policy and Strategic Supportat Sightsavers.Amy Pollard of CAFOD and Dominichave written about this issue atwww.sightsavers.org/blogs/insights/dominic_haslam/19217.html.Beyond 2015 is a global civil societycampaign pushing for a strong andlegitimate successor framework tothe Millennium Development Goals.The campaign brings together 570organisations from 95 countries.Find out more and get involved inthe debate:www.beyond2015.orgBeyond 2015’s approach to content:www.beyond2015.org/contentdiscussionThe Essential Must Havesframed thinking on process:www.beyond2015.org/must-havesWhat next forthe Beyond 2015UK Group?The Bond Beyond 2015 UK Group isworking to influence the UKgovernment’s positions on the post-2015 development agenda and feed intothe High Level Panel on Post-2015, setup by Ban Ki-Moon, to provide a "boldyet practical vision" for the globaldevelopment agenda after 2015. DavidCameron is one of its three co-chairs.AdvocacyopportunitiesThe High Level Panel has met twice:in London last November, where theBond Beyond 2015 UK Grouporganised a civil society ‘Outreach day’which featured six Civil SocietyRoundtables and a live-streamed‘Town Hall’ meeting; and in Monrovia,Liberia, at the end of January. A furthermeeting in Bali in March presentsanother opportunity for advocacy.Next stepsThe High Level Panel report isexpected in May 2013. The UnitedNations Secretary General will considerits recommendations alongside otherevidence that is being collectedthrough thematic and nationalconsultations. In September 2013, theUnited Nations General AssemblyCommunities take part in discussion aboutdevelopment, vision and health in Senegalmeets to discuss the MDGs, thepost-2015 agenda, and how they planto move forward with decisionmakingproviding another crucialmoment for Beyond 2015 advocacy.The Bond Beyond 2015 UK group isengaging directly with DavidCameron’s Special Envoy on Post 2015,inputting to the United Nationsconsultations and seeking to createwider opportunities for civil society toinfluence this important debate.Our asksWhilst organisations participating inBeyond 2015 have a range of viewsregarding the content of a post-2015framework, we are united in calling fora global cross-thematic framework tosucceed the MDGs, and for a process ofdeveloping this framework that isparticipatory, inclusive and responsiveto voices of those directly affected bypoverty and injustice. Particular areasthat the Beyond 2015 UK Group isadvocating for include:■■Integration: the process fordeveloping Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (coming out of the Rio+20Summit) should be wholly mergedwith the process to agree post-MDGdevelopment goals■■Universality: to address globalchallenges all countries need to haveresponsibility and ownership, everycountry needs to take action – butnot necessarily the same action■■Sustainable development:Environmental sustainability needsto be a core element embeddedacross the post 2015 developmentframeworkGet involvedThe timeline for influencing the post2015 agenda is very tight but the morecivil society organisations that jointhe campaign the more likely it is tosucceed.■■The Beyond 2015 website includesopportunities to influence how thecampaign develops its position onthe Vision, Purpose, Principles andCriteria of a post-2015 framework■■Join the Bond Beyond 2015 UKGroup, which currently has about170 members from over 90organisations, for weekly updatesand opportunities to influence thisfast moving agenda■■The United Nations is organising 57country consultations and 11thematic consultations into whichyour organisation might wish toinput. More information is at:www.worldwewant2015.orgRuth Fuller is co-chair of the BondBeyond 2015 UK Group andInternational Development PolicyAdvisor for WWF-UK:rfuller@wwf.org.ukbond.org.uk/groups© Renee du Toit/Sightsaversthe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

22Feature | Mobilising natural resourcerevenues for development23Mobilising natural resourcerevenues for developmentGovernance of natural resources has climbed thedevelopment agenda for a decade, a trend that willcontinue into 2013 and beyond. Miles Litvinoffgives three reasons why.Oil fields of Abseron Penisular, Azerbajian1. Increasing emphasison openness, datatransparency andaccountabilityAs the United Nations High-Level Panelon post-2015 development gathered inLondon in November 2012, co-chairPrime Minister David Cameron wrote inthe Wall Street Journal of a “goldenthread” of conditions that “enable openeconomies and open societies to thrive… and build a future free from poverty”.Cameron noted that “The US hasintroduced legally binding measures torequire oil, gas and mining companiesto publish key financial information foreach country and project they work on.And I want Europe to do the same.“ 1The UK government co-foundedand co-chairs the Open GovernmentPartnership and has championednatural resource revenue disclosuresince launching the ExtractiveIndustries Transparency Initiative(EITI) in 2002. Despite acknowledgedweaknesses, the (voluntary) EITI hascontributed to efforts to address the“resource curse” of poor humandevelopment that afflicts so manyresource-rich developing countries.Plentiful evidence from states suchas Angola, Colombia, the DemocraticRepublic of Congo (DRC), Libya, Nigeriaand the Philippines highlights the risksand costs associated with economicdependency on oil, gas and minerals.Secrecy, corruption (costing AfricaUS$148 billion a year 2 ), inequality,environmental and human rights abuse,instability and violence are all aspects ofthe “curse”, and result in GDP growthbond.org.ukCredit: CIFF/Flickroften failing to deliver poverty reduction.Non-renewable natural resourcesare generally public assets and calls aregrowing for extractives sectortransparency. The ObamaAdministration’s 2010 Dodd-Frank Actrequires US-listed oil, gas and miningcompanies to report their payments togovernments on a country and projectbasis from 2014. The EU is finalising newdirectives requiring similar disclosureby EU-listed and large private extractiveand forestry companies. Canada looksset to follow suit. Transparencychampions include Mo Ibrahim, GeorgeSoros, Bill Gates and Paul Collier. TheWorld Bank, IMF and InternationalCouncil on Mining and Metals, amongothers, are also moving, if sometimesreluctantly, in a positive direction.2. Growing worlddemand forcommoditiesBarring a complete reversal in currenttrends – and despite the need to addressclimate change – high levels ofconsumption of oil, gas, minerals andother natural resources will continue.Oil and mining companies from theBRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India,China and South Africa) and otheremerging economies are expandingoperations around the world.The natural resources sector dwarfsglobal aid budgets. Exports of oil andminerals from Africa, Asia and LatinAmerica totalled an estimated US$1.19trillion in 2008. 3 Due largely tocommodities, Africa had six of theworld’s 10 fastest growing economiesin the 2000s. 4 “In the next few decades,the vast majority of the world’s newhydrocarbon supplies will come fromdeveloping countries,” predictseconomist Michael Ross. 53. Developmentpost- 2015With 1.4 billion people still living inextreme poverty and international aidbudgets constrained, new means areneeded to finance the post-MillenniumDevelopment Goals agenda. Developingcountries’ resource revenues have ahuge role to play via investment ininfrastructure, health, education, socialprotection, economic diversification,agriculture, jobs and sustainablelivelihoods. Here, better governancegenerally yields developmentalbenefits. 6Easier said than done, of course.We can’t ignore climate change, or thelegal right of indigenous communities,and moral right of others, to free, priorand informed consent over resourceexploitation on their territory. Civilsociety also faces a capacity challengein using extractive industry data tohold governments and companies toaccount. This last is the mission of thePublish What You Pay coalition,founded in 2002 and now comprisingmore than 600 member NGOs across50-plus countries, striving to ensurethat oil, gas and mining revenuesimprove citizens’ lives.The companies are anotherchallenge. While most Westernmultinationals claim to supporttransparency, getting all the oil andmining majors to play by the ruleswon’t be straightforward. To ensurethat they pay fair taxes and royalties,we need bidding and contracttransparency, open fiscal regimes,adequate compensation for affectedcommunities, disclosure of beneficialownership of companies, and data onturnover and production volumes.Besides, more accountability isessential in other sectors too, such asbanking, construction and telecoms,to ensure that business operatesworldwide for the public good.Miles Litvinoff, Coordinator,Publish What You Pay UK.www.publishwhatyoupay.orgReferences1“Combating poverty at its roots”,Wall Street Journal, 1 November 20122Data from U4 Anti-Corruption ResourceCentre, Norway3Data from WTO4www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/01/daily_chart5www.abo.net/oilportal/topic/view.do?contentId=20001986www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2010/09/24-wgi-kaufmannthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

Feature | Aid: Beyond the headlinesFeature | EU aid funding24 25AidBeyond the headlinesDoes moving away from stories of starvingchildren pose too big a risk to internationalNGOs’ income, or could a new approach kickstart a whole new era of public support?The UK public are tired of hearing the‘same old story since Live Aid’ aboutdesperate need in developing countries,according to new research, Where dowe go from here? Public attitudes todevelopment and joint campaigning, bythink tanks ODI and IPPR. The effect ofimages of starving people on thedevelopment process itself has longcaused disagreement within aidagencies because while shockingimages raise life-saving funds to carryout aid and development work, manybelieve they also reinforce perceptionsof people living in poverty as helplessvictims.This kind of messaging is seen notonly to perpetuate the idea that‘nothing has changed’, but alsoemphasises a sense of ‘them’ and ‘us’.Both outcomes are believed by many toprevent a meaningful shift in themindset of the UK public towards adeeper understanding of theinterconnectedness of all globalcommunities, the need to take actionas well as to give and ultimately, the endof extreme poverty.The IPPR/ODI research affirmed agrowing will within the aid anddevelopment sector to shift publicperceptions by painting a different andmore complex picture of progress.“Members of the public told us theywant to understand what progress hasbeen made as a result of aid anddevelopment work, even if the problemhas not yet gone away,” explained LeniWild of ODI, one of the research team.“They don’t necessarily believe a storyif it is too simple.”Is the aid and development sectorready to change the way the aid anddevelopment story is told and is theUK public really ready to hear it?Changing publicopinion is possibleIn late 2012, NGO representatives cametogether to discuss the researchfindings and further develop practicalways to collectively move the story on.It was agreed that while public opinionwill not change overnight, throughjoint, consistent and long-termmessaging, change could happen.Five things to start doing:1Find ways of telling stories that aretangible but not over-simplified.Emphasise the difference made bypublic donations. Include facts, do notassume knowledge and provide a hookon which audiences can engage.2During times when shockingimages are inevitable and relevant,aid agency spokespeople should framethe immediate crisis in the context ofwider issues and progress.3Think about packaging. Be creativein telling stories of success andprogress, using unexpectedspokespeople, positive stereotypes,strong metaphors and relevantemotional emphasis.4Reduce the perception of ‘us’ and‘them’ and emphasise the sense ofthe world’s interconnectedness.5Get to know audiences’ attitudesand behaviours and help to increasetheir understanding of what we aretrying to do and what impact they havehelped achieve.More research neededHowever, Jennifer Hudson of UCLwarned of the need to exercise caution,“We need a strong evidence base ofreactions to different possible messagesbefore assuming a new approach willwork.”Joe Twyman from the pollsterYouGov highlighted the complex andoften contradictory relationshipbetween people’s attitudes and theirbehaviour. Previous YouGov surveyshave found a sense of morality and anunderstanding of both the cost andbenefit of giving aid to individuals and/or the UK as a whole were the strongestdrivers for people approving of aid.“But while people may say “I thinkaid is important”, the way they act doesnot demonstrate this,”Joe said. “Theymay well not donate regularly and theymay well think the UK government isspending too much on aid.”Glen Tarman of Bond added that wecan improve the way we measureattitudes and analyse how this affectsaction. “We need to work out how tomonitor changes better so that we canreact to them well and nurture moreaction and deeper engagement insupport of our cause and politicalgoals.”To get a more meaningfulunderstanding of our audiences, thekey is to ask the right questions andalso to fill in the gaps in availableresearch to form a shared baseline ofpublic opinion.Bond’s public supportprogrammeBond is furthering these discussions bybringing NGOs together with the aim ofcreating a powerful new developmentnarrative and a common vision for theoptimum level of support forinternational development in the UK.As part of this work, Bond has compileda comprehensive online resource ofpolls and surveys on public opinion anddevelopment.Find out more and get involved:bond.org.uk/pages/public-support.htmladvocacy@bond.org.ukTara Burke, Freelance communicationsconsultantEU aid funding to2020 in ‘collateraldamage’ riskCrucial negotiations on the EU development andhumanitarian aid budget for the next seven yearswill take place in February 2013, and the stakescouldn’t be higher.Heads of state from the EU’s 27 countriesare set to meet 7-8 February 2013 todiscuss the Union’s MultiannualFinancial Framework (MFF), and theproposals that the EuropeanCommission had put forward in 2011.This framework – the seven-year EUBudget – will decide the Union’s overallspending, and within this, how muchmoney will be available for developmentand humanitarian aid from 2014 to2020.Summit fails tocome to agreementThe previous European Council headsof state summit in November 2012 brokeoff with no agreement. Herman VanRompuy, the president of the EuropeanCouncil, whose role is to chair meetingsand drive negotiations forward, foundhimself having to satisfy the needs ofcountries such as the UK and otherswhich were asking for very large cutsto the overall MFF to reflect austeritymeasures back home. All this whilstkeeping on board countries such asFrance – which do not want cuts to theCommon Agricultural Policy – andother countries that defended “cohesionspending” meant to stimulateeconomies in the poorer parts of the EU.Developmentaid sacrificedExternal spending (includingdevelopment aid) – which has so far nothad a group of countries standing up forit – quickly became the target of majorcuts. While no country openly stated itsdesire to reduce development andhumanitarian aid, this relatively smallpart of the overall MFF became a victimof ‘collateral damage’ as no agreementcould be found to sacrifice other partsof the Budget. During the Novembersummit, Van Rompuy thereforeproposed cutting the amount requestedby the European Commission for EUexternal spending by 13 per cent, as wellas a reduction to the EuropeanDevelopment Fund by 11 per cent.These were by far the most drastic cutscompared to any other policy areafinanced by the EU budget.If Van Rompuy’s proposals were tobecome the starting point for the nextnegotiations, and no coalition ofcountries emerges to defenddevelopment and humanitarian aid,EU development and humanitarianfunding levels are likely to suffer quitedrastic cuts. Many argue this wouldmake it very hard for the EU to reach itsstated 0.7 per cent goal, unless thereduction in planned EU level aidspending was compensated by anincrease in bilateral aid spending byindividual member states – which goesagainst current trends. While Sweden,Luxembourg and Denmark have alreadyreached the 0.7 per cent goal, and the UKis on its way to reach it, other countriesare lagging behind.Against this background, theEuropean Commission’s originalproposals were considered by NGOsand others as a realistic plan to putEurope back on track in reaching itscollective 0.7 per cent target. In addition,contrary to other policy areas, the EUexternal actions have been chronicallyunder-resourced and the current MFFnegotiations would in theory representthe best opportunity to fix that problem.Bond demands UKleadershipAhead of the November summit, Bondcoordinated a letter signed by 25 of itsmember organisations to the PrimeMinister, and signed a separateCONCORD letter for other heads of EUstates which are on track with the 0.7per cent commitment. In the letter toCameron, we asked him to showleadership in Europe by protecting theproposed budget for development andhumanitarian aid. While recognisingthe background for the government’sposition of a no above-inflation rise tothe overall MFF, we have urged Cameronto ensure cuts to MFF spending do nothappen at the expense of the world'spoorest people.Restating our caseAhead of the next summit in February2013, we will reiterate these requests. Inparticular, we want UK and EU leadersto defend the Commission’s proposal toallocate €60 billion for development aid,including €21 billion for theDevelopment Cooperation Instrument,€30 billion for the EuropeanDevelopment Fund and €9 billion forhumanitarian aid. Crucially, this willhave no additional cost to the UKtaxpayer as it will count towards theexisting 0.7 per cent target. However,a higher EU aid budget commitmentwill mean other countries – particularlythose that are off track – will beencouraged to meet their aidcommitments too.Germana Canzi, EU Policy Adviser,Bondbond.org.uk/europethe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.uk bond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

Feature | The challenge of resilience26 27The challengeof resilienceThrough cash-for-work communities inEthiopia were able to come together tomaintain their deep wells called Ellas.In recent years, the concept of resilience hasgained ground, although a single cleardefinition has been elusive. Kate Crowleydiscusses what building resilience may meanfor the way our sector works and outlines someexamples of resilience in practice.In a previous issue of The Networker(issue 100), Joel Hafvenstein (Tearfund)challenged the NGO sector to takeresilience seriously.In response, an interagency group(formed by the Bond Disaster RiskReduction Group and DFID’s PPAResilience Learning Group) cametogether to discuss resilience and tocritically review what makes aresilience building programme asuccess.Despite extensive research thereis no single definition for resilience,possibly because the concept hasbeen developed independently andin parallel by multiple disciplines.By any definition, however,building resilience requires us tofocus on multiple levels – not justthe household or community butthe broader ‘enabling environment’.This broadens the scope of resiliencebeyond community disastermanagement and brings in social,political and environmental risks.The interagency group agreed ona set of characteristics and principlesfor holistic resilience buildingprogrammes.Characteristics ofresilience buildingprogrammesA resilient system has the capacity torespond positively to change,maintaining or improving function —this includes monitoring, anticipatingand managing known risks andvulnerabilities to existing shocks andstresses whilst being able to addressuncertainties in the future.CAFOD/Trócaire/SCIAF EthiopiaThe group set out five keycharacteristics necessary for buildingresilience:Characteristics:1. Capacity to monitor, anticipate,respond to and manage known risksas well as uncertainties to informeffective decision-making.Enablers:2. Good governance based on rightsand decentralised and participatorydecision-making with sound linksbetween levels of governance.3. Build trust through partnerships andcollective action.4. Bring together local traditionalknowledge with science andtechnology to enable learning andinnovation.5. Work holistically across scales with aparticular focus on socio-ecologicalsystems.Principles:1. Socio-ecological systems-based2. Conflict sensitive3. Inclusive4. Enhance the agency of mostvulnerable people5. Accountable and politically engaged6. Conducted in partnership7. Long-termPutting theoryinto practiceTaking this time to reflect on whatresilience means to us as a sector wasinvaluable. It also highlighted the factthat this approach may require afundamental change in the ways oursector works.Kate Crowley (CAFOD) with JasonGarrett (World Vision) and JoelHafvenstein (Tearfund).Jason and Kate are the current cochairsof the Bond Disaster RiskReduction Group.bond.org.uk/groups12Resilience ofrural livelihoodsin EthiopiaMechu Dayo, aged 40, a mother of11 children living in Tisho Kebeleof Burji, is one of the beneficiariesof the resilience project.Resilience indisasters inMozambiqueCAFOD Trócaire SCIAF EthiopiaJessica Matthews, CAFODCAFOD is working in Mozambique with CaritasMaputo to improve the lives of people livingwith HIV & AIDS; providing home-based carealongside group-based agricultural support sothat people like Tinhico Salvador Chavangocan grow food to feed her family and share withthe wider community. Together with work onHIV prevention, this contributes to an holisticapproach, reflecting the underlying ethos ofresilience building.Pastoralist communities in Ethiopiaare particularly vulnerable to foodinsecurity due to environmentalfactors, value chain and marketlimitations, price fluctuations anda policy environment that oftenneglects the specific needs andpotential contribution of pastoralistcommunities.Building resilient pastoralistcommunities in Borana is a large EUfunded programme, (implementedby the CAFOD/SCIAF/Trócaire JointEthiopia Programme (CST) inconsortium with AFD, ACORD, CIFA,GPDI, SOS Sahel, Cordaid and ILRI) ineight woredas (districts) of the BoranaZone, Oromia Region in the south ofEthiopia. It combined rangelandmanagement, water resource accessand livelihood diversification inaddition to encouraging collectiveaction and learning at all stakeholderscales.To ensure sustainability, thisprogramme encouraged stakeholdernetworking and monitoring. NGOpartners, traditional local leaders andgovernments all worked together withthe community to design and reviewthe programme through meetings atdistrict and zone level.Specific project highlights includeIn 2005, World Vision Mozambiqueresponded to the impacts of repeateddisaster events across the country bydeveloping a new approach tocommunity based disaster riskmanagement. They called the processGERANDO – Gestão de Risco a Nívelda Comunidade (Community BasedRisk Reduction).Through GERANDO acommunity-led structure encouragedcollective participation and actionwhich enabled the identification ofways to respond to and manage therange of risks associated within theirsocial and environmental context.As a community-owned processthese activities naturally incorporatedlocal indigenous knowledge into theirrisk management plans, restoring thecultural transmission of knowledgebetween generations that had beenlost through civil war, labourmigration and HIV/AIDS over the past30 years.using a combination of technical andlocal expertise to identify and protectnative and useful bush species whilstcommunities were trained inalternative selective bush clearancetechniques. All cleared areas are nowreserved as communal grazingreserves or kallos that are used as dryseason and/or emergency grazingareas for the warra stock/small stockand pregnant and lactating animals.This combination of local andexternal knowledge and an ability toadjust traditional practices enabledcattle to graze whilst protectingmarketable plants such as aloe-vera.Diversifying incomes enabled thecommunity members, in particularwomen, to start saving therebypreparing for times of hardship.Training community members wasa key element to this programme.The programme establishedSACCOs: saving and creditcooperatives where the group isprovided with seed funds and theystart a cycle of giving credit andadvice to members. This enabledindividuals to start their own differentbusinesses.Cash-for-work enabledcommunities to re-habilitate theirwells and ponds.One community was alreadyrunning a World Vision AccumulatedSavings and Credit Associations(ASCA) project. GERANDO helped tofocus the investment of ASCA fundson resilience-building, disastermitigation and prevention activities,as well as providing specific targetedsupport through the ‘social fund’ toparticularly vulnerable households.The funds have helped families tobuild more structurally secure homes,buy oxen for breeding and incomegeneration, and pay for schoolequipment and fees ensuring theirchildren could remain in education.These programmes arecommunity focussed, participatoryand integrated. The challenge now isto make sure that we take the lessonsfrom these programmes to strengthenour understanding of resilience interms of measurement and impact.Building resilience requires us tofocus on multiple levels – not justthe household or community butthe broader ‘enabling environment’the networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe the networker 102103 | October–December | January – March 2012 2013

Learn with BondSpring 2013 courses in central LondonGet 10% off any course booked before 1 March 2013quoting code 5PN113Project planning using a logicalframework approach6-7 FebruaryGet the best result from using alogical framework to plan a projectwith this step by step guidethrough the process.Monitoring and evaluation inmore depth11-12 FebruaryGo further into the differentmethods, practise using aselection of tools and startplanning which to use in yourown work.Advocacy essentials13 FebruaryAn introduction to thedifferent approaches to policywork, lobbying and publiccampaigning, and the skillsyou will need.Building better north/southpartnerships26 FebruaryLearn how to make the best ofprogramme partnerships withsouthern organisations.EU corridors of power4-5 MarchFind out how the EU works nowthe changes brought in by theLisbon Treaty are in place, andwhere you can have the greatestinfluence.Guest speakers share theirinside knowledgeManaging EC contracts andreporting on EC grants6-7 MarchAn essential guide to what theStandard Contract says, what itmeans and how to keep records,deal with procurement rules,report to the EC and manage thecontract with your partners.NEW: Theory of changeessentials11 MarchThis way of understanding howchange happens helps you focuson what really matters – yourunique contribution todevelopment.Impact assessment: whatdifference did we make?12-13 MarchGet a clear conceptual overviewand practical guidance ondesigning a simple, user friendlyand useful impact assessmentprocess.UK corridors of power18-19 MarchUnderstand how UK policy ismade and put into practice,who to target and how to influencethe political process.Guest speakers share theirinside knowledgeFundraising from trusts andfoundations19-20 MarchUnderstand how trusts work andthink, and how to get them to givethrough building relationships andwriting persuasive applications.Outcome mapping25-26 MarchFind out what is special aboutoutcome mapping, and how touse it to understand changes inthe behaviour of the people youwork with.Fundraising from institutions:writing winning proposals27-28 MarchThe essential steps in puttingtogether a two-stage fundingproposal to DFID, the EuropeanCommission, Comic Relief andBig Lottery Fund.If you don’t see the course you want online, contact us: learn@bond.org.ukFull details of courses toJuly 2013 and how to book:bond.org.uk/learnE-updates and special offers:bond.org.uk/e-updatesGet Bond trainingin-houseOur in-house training serviceis tailor-made for yourorganisation. We work withyou to build a course thatfits your exact needs andbudget, and we can delivertraining across the UK andworldwide. We also offerconsultancy support.bond.org.uk/in-house020 7520 0242learn@bond.org.uk“It’s cost effective andenables a number ofcolleagues to do thecourse together whichenhances the learningexperience.”World VisionEFFECTIVENeSS | Assessing the 29quality of evidenceAssessing thequality of evidenceBond’s new Evidence Principles provide acommon standard for evidence, helpingNGOs to ensure that they base their decisionson robust evidence of what works.NGOs strive to invest in interventionsthat make the biggest difference to thelives of poor and marginalised people.It’s therefore vitally important that thedecisions they make are based onstrong and rigorous evidence. This canbe a challenge especially in areas suchas empowerment or accountabilitywhere measurement can be difficult.The Bond Evidence Principles aimto address this challenge by providing acommon quality standard for evidencewhich is relevant and practical to thescale of NGO operations and can beused to measure, learn from anddemonstrate impact.The Principles1Voice and Inclusion: theperspectives of people living inpoverty, including the mostmarginalised, are included in theevidence, and a clear picture is providedof who is affected and how.2Appropriateness: the evidence isgenerated through methods thatare justifiable given the nature of thepurpose of the assessment.3Triangulation: the evidence hasbeen generated using a mix ofmethods, data sources, andperspectives.4Contribution: the evidenceexplores how change happensand the contribution of theintervention and factors outside theintervention in explaining change.5Transparency: the evidencediscloses the details of the datasources and methods used, the resultsachieved, and any limitations in thedata or conclusions.Each principle has a checklist of fourquestions that tests the quality of a pieceof evidence on a 1-4 scale:1. weak evidence2. minimum standard3. good practice4. gold standardAn overall score and colour (red, amber,yellow or green) is then assigned to eachprinciple to provide a picture of therobustness of a piece of evidence.The evidence principles can beused on:■■Evaluation reports■■Case studies■■Annual reviews to donors■■Research studies■■Designing or setting the terms ofreference for any of the above.The pilotThe pilot phase runs to the end of May2013 and we would especially like thefollowing organisations to get involved:■■NGOs of all sizes, ideally using the toolcollaboratively with south-basedpartners■■NGOs working in internationaldevelopment, humanitarian aid,advocacy, capacity building and workwithin with fragile states■■Donors, fund managers, andprogramme evaluatorsFor full details about the pilot andto download the pilot pack:bond.org.uk/effectivenessand click on ‘Principles’Next stepsThe pilot to test the NGO EvidencePrinciples will end on 31 May 2013,after which the findings will bediscussed by the group leading thework, which includes representativesfrom international NGOs of all sizesand sector donors. They will considerwhether any improvements can bemade and how best to market thePrinciples within the sector.If you have any questions,please contact us:ngoeffectiveness@bond.org.uk020 7520 1042bond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

30EFFECTIVENeSS | Why use theEvidence Principles?31Why usethe EvidencePrinciples?It’s not what youdo but the waythat you do itDaniel Jones, Head of ProgrammePerformance, Christian AidFirst, like many organisations, we can’talways be completely confident that weachieve what we think we do becausethe evidence we have is often not assolid as it should be.Second, we are under increasingpressure to demonstrate effectiveness.Christian Aid works across a range ofissues, with partners who each havetheir own ways of thinking aboutresults. How do you know whichindicators are good? How do you knowwhich monitoring and evaluationoptions are best? We need a set ofmethod-neutral principles so that wecan navigate the choices. The EvidencePrinciples push you to think about whatreally matters: who is being represented;whose voices are being heard; whoseperspective is being gathered.Third, there’s a lot of receivedopinion about performance andmonitoring and evaluation. TheEvidence Principles say ‘it’s not whatyou do but the way that you do it’ thatgives you the ‘gold’ standard. Theygive you a chance to ask hardquestions and are also practicalbecause they identify the gaps.Importantly, they emphasise thecritical need to show your workings:who collected the info, and how; howthey drew conclusions from it; the linkbetween the conclusions that theydrew and the evidence they gathered.The Principles inpracticeChristian Aid has been using thePrinciples to review evaluation reports.We’ve started to send them to theevaluator at the start of the processalong with the terms of reference toensure that they are built in from thebeginning. Using the Principles toshape the way that our information isgathered is having an immediateimpact on the whole organisation.Their practicality is incredibly helpfuland the framework helps us managebias and bad practice.Often what we seek to achieve isintrinsically difficult to uncover andthen measure. There is a sense,particularly from donors, that if youcan’t count it and show that you’vestatistically controlled it then it’s notrobust, it’s just an anecdote. ThePrinciples are a way of showing thatqualitative evidence – case studies,participatory data and so on – standsup as valid and important. These kindsof data can be rigorous and they canbe good evidence. Not all evidencewill meet the criteria but at least there’sa standard that doesn’t focus oncounting over asking.A standard forthe sectorAs a large NGO, Christian Aid couldprobably deal with the pressures fromdonors on our own, but only Bond cancreate a standard for the sector that willhelp everyone. We want to be able tosay that a piece of evidence, anevaluation or monitoring system or areport has been assessed against theBond Evidence Principles and it’s goodenough. The Principles will also helpNGOs contribute to evidence-basedpolicy in a way that we don’t currentlybecause a lot of NGO evidence isn’tconsidered good enough to be policyrelevant.We get locked out of the policydiscourse even though we have muchuseful material to contribute.That DFID and Comic Relief areinvolved has certainly given a push tothe process and a recognition thatwe’re all grappling with the samething. Having the donor communityand NGO community both pick up onthe Principles being a standard isenormously important.The Katiku family have been able to grow crops on their land in Kenya despite no rain for four yearsthanks to the help of UCCS. The partner built a small sub-surface dam in a nearby river which pumpswater up on to their land. With the farming techniques that Makula Katiku has learned on the UCCStraining days, he is now able to grow enough food to feed his family and sell the surplus at the market.Christian Aid / Jodi Bieberthe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

32EFFECTIVENeSS | Why use the EvidencePrinciples?EFFECTIVENeSS | Strengtheningevidence and results in DFID33Why use the EvidencePrinciples? cont…I would like to see some agreement betweendonors whereby evidence based on thesePrinciples was considered good enough.The Principlesshow us the‘gold’ standardWilm van Bekkum, Self Help AfricaEnd of project evaluations byindependent local consultants oftenlack robust and rigorous evidence,despite the DAC criteria. This cancause real difficulties when it comes todemonstrating our impact to funders,beneficiaries and within ourorganisation.The Bond Evidence Principlesprovide concrete and thoroughguidance for assessing the quality ofevidence. These are the first sectorwidecommon principles that enableall organisations to check that theyare covering what’s important. Theyalso highlight areas where evidencemight be missing. The guidance isparticularly useful for smaller NGOsthat have less dedicated monitoringand evaluation expertise andresources than larger NGOs with aspecialised M&E department.The Principles can be used todevelop terms of reference for end ofproject evaluations, reviewingevaluation and monitoring reports,baseline surveys and monitoringsystems in general. The Principlesshow us what the ‘gold’ standard (level4) is but there’s no expectation that wemust reach it immediately. I would behappy for Self Help Africa to reach thefirst level for all the principles to beginwith and then aim to improve overthe next two to three years. That bothDFID and Comic Relief areenthusiastic adds real weight and Iwould like to see some agreementbetween donors whereby evidencebased on these Principles wasconsidered good enough.Piloting the principlesSelf Help AfricaThe pilot phase of the EvidencePrinciples is an excellent opportunityto share experiences with otherpeople, get advice from peers andimprove your monitoring andevaluation systems in a reliable andsupportive way. Your confidence willgrow, knowing that you can meetparticular criteria and respond robustlyto questions and requests from donors.Of course, every organisation hastheir own systems but for me, sharingideas and experience with peopledoing similar work in otherorganisations is a vital component oflearning and improvement.A value formoneyassessmentAngela Kellett, Evidence andAccountability Manager,World Vision UKThere is increasing pressure todemonstrate the impact aid is havingon the world's poorest and mostmarginalised people. A particularchallenge of the results and evidenceagenda is the ability to demonstrateimpact of effective approaches whereresults are high but are long-term bynature.Our approach todemonstrating resultsWorld Vision's 'Citizen voice and Action'approach through social accountabilitymechanisms are part of a complexresults chain, embedded in a broadtheory of change where results areharder to measure in the short term butevidence shows that impact will be highand sustained.We have taken strides to develop thequality of our results throughstrengthening all stages of project andprogramme cycles with a particularemphasis on robust baselines, reviewsand evaluations. We seek to clearlydemonstrate the change withincommunities and the contribution tothe change identified with a particularfocus on communities assessing,analysing and validating the impact.Channarith is a youth advocate workingin his community as a peer educator.Vichheka Sok/World Vision 2012World Vision has developed a global setof approaches, based on industrystandards (where they exist) to buildan evidence base that assesses theireffectiveness and appropriateness togeneralise across countries andcontexts, and a global set of childwellbeing outcomes with an associatedlist of indicators to enable national andglobal analysis of results.A critical review ofevidenceWe have been actively involved in thedesign and piloting of the BondEvidence Principles and are currentlyusing them to assess all evaluationsthat will be used to inform the annualimpact report. A peer agency has agreedThe Principles have enabled usto critically review how robustour evidence is against industryagreed standards and identifycommon areas of weaknessthat need addressing.to perform a random sample review ofour assessment of the quality ofevidence before the report is published.The Principles have been an excellentresource to enable us to critically reviewhow robust our evidence is againstindustry agreed standards and identifycommon areas of weakness that needaddressing. Moreover, the Principlesenable the assessment of quality andapplicability of evidence against thecost of generating that evidence toenable a value for money assessment tobe performed on the cost versus benefitof different assessment approaches.We are committed to seeing thePrinciples utilised by the sector toenhance learning and supportconstructive dialogue between civilsociety NGOs, partners and donors asto what constitutes robust evidence ofeffectiveness and what is good enough.Strengtheningevidence andresults in DFIDDFID is investing more systematicallyin research and evidence in order tocapture the results and value for moneyof its programmes. This reflects agrowing emphasis across UKgovernment on evidence-based policyand demand from DFID ministers forbetter evidence to inform policies andprogrammes. Through its Researchand Evidence Division (RED) DFID hasincreased spending on research and israising the standards of evidence andquality of evaluation across itsprogrammes. This is a similar trendamong other funders, both officialdonors and private foundations. Bond’snew evidence initiative for UK NGOs isparticularly welcome in this regard.DFID is commissioning a set ofrigorous evidence products thatinclude evidence papers, systematicreviews, literature reviews, and rapidreviews. The Evidence into Actionteam in RED is responsible fordeveloping these products andsponsoring uptake of research fundedby DFID. RED is presently developinga common set of standards based onestablished frameworks for assessingresearch quality to inform thepreparation of evidence products andbusiness cases.DFID’s Civil Society Department(CSD) seeks to capture thecontribution that CSOs make todevelopment, to share evidence thatcan inform policy making, and mostimportantly to better understand howthe interventions we support helppoor people. We may not know forsure that CSOs consistently performbetter than others in achievingoutcomes for poor people, but we doknow that they have a distinctive roleto play through their reach, outreachand voice.CSD welcomes the opportunityto support the sector to articulaterobustly its contribution to globalpoverty reduction through theDFID-funded Bond EffectivenessProgramme and the ProgrammePartnership Agreement (PPA)Learning Partnership. It is an area weall struggle with, but we are keen topromote mutual learning about resultsand evidence.CSD is therefore activelyparticipating in the pilot of the BondEvidence Principles. We are using thePrinciples to inform our assessmentsof the recent Independent ProgressReviews submitted by PPA grantees,and we are exploring with our fundmanagers how to pilot them throughthe Governance and TransparencyFund. We are also encouraging ourPPA grantees to pilot the Principlesthough the Learning Partnership,and are encouraged by the responseso far – and that this responseincludes partners based in the south.We encourage CSOsto participate in thepilot of the BondEvidence Principles.We will be feeding back our ownexperience through the pilot. Wewould like to encourage an increasingnumber of CSOs to participate in thepilot to ensure that the final Principlesare as relevant, as useful and as realisticas possible. Together we hope toenhance and strengthen the way thevaluable contribution CSOs make todevelopment is captured, assessed andreported.Mark Robinson, Chief ProfessionalOfficer, Governance, SocialDevelopment, Conflict andHumanitarian, and Julia Chambers,Social Development Adviser, DFIDthe networker 103 | January – March 2013 bond.org.ukbond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013

34Feature | Should population bemainstreamed?Should populationbe mainstreamed?An integrated approach beyond sexual reproductivehealth and rights is required if we are to slowpopulation growth and achieve sustainabledevelopment goals, argues Simon Ross.Population dynamics, specificallypopulation growth, is arguably theultimate cross-cutting issue,contributing to all social andenvironmental problems. If the worldpopulation had not grown by one-third,or two billion people, during the 1990-2015 Millennium Development Goal(MDG) framework, we would surely havemade more progress.The international community bearssome responsibility. Reducing mortalitywithout simultaneously reducing fertilityinevitably results in rapid populationgrowth, increasing dependency andvulnerability. Some will remember LiveAid and the Ethiopian famine of 1984-5.When famine returned 25 years later in2011-12, the Horn of Africa’s populationhad doubled, greatly increasing pressureon food supplies and natural resources.Population growth hasfar-reaching effectsPopulation continues to grow, with UNprojections of another billion by 2030and a further billion by 2050. Thisassumes falling fertility; it could be muchmore. Growth is concentrated amongstthe poorest, making achieving anysustainable development goals muchmore challenging. Health and educationservices must meet ever greaterrequirements, limited food, water andenergy resources are depleted by greaterdemand, while environmentalsustainability will be sacrificed to theurgent needs of hungry communities.Other consequences include increasingunemployment and underemploymentand growing numbers of conflict-riddenand fragile states.A problem thatcan’t be ignoredAll this seems fairly obvious and hardlynew. Stasinus in the 7th century BCblamed population pressure for theTrojan War. The Royal Society’s recentexhaustive two-year People and Planetstudy noted the impact of populationgrowth alongside increasedconsumption.Yet population is often passed over.In March 2012, the Planet UnderPressure conference of 3,000 scientistsnoted that “world population rises”, butfailed to suggest a response. Similarly,Rio+20 last June noted “an ever morecrowded planet” but limited its specificrecommendations to the noncommittal:“We commit to systematically considerpopulation trends and projections in ournational, rural and urban developmentstrategies and policies. Through forwardlooking planning, we can seize theopportunities and address thechallenges associated withdemographic change, includingmigration.” Population was notmentioned in the Beyond 2015submission to the InternationalDevelopment Committee or in itsbriefing to the High Level Panel.It cannot be that these bodies areunaware of this ‘elephant in the room’.Rather, it is human nature to ignore aproblem where one does not see asolution. Thus, we often hear that Britainhas insufficient drinking water, energyand housing. Fewer say that we have toomany people, even though numbers aregrowing by four million each decade.Similarly, while four out of five Britishcitizens agree that there are too manypeople in the UK and globally, there isless agreement on responses.Perhaps the problem is the example ofChina, which responded to populationgrowth and limited resources with notjust family planning and publiceducation but the levying of fines forexceeding one’s allowance of one ortwo children. This is rightly seen asincompatible with human rights: betterexamples are the many countries whichhave combined family planning andeducation, women’s employment andempowerment and promotionalmessages to deliver lower fertility.The positive impactof slowing populationgrowthMany NGOs avoid the ‘populationproblem’ by supporting sexualreproductive health and rights (SRHR)and gender empowerment for reasons ofhealth and equity, recognising them ashuman rights and mutually supportive.However, the consequence can be thatSRHR is seen only as a subset of women’shealth. Thus, the reproductive healthMDG was added belatedly and is one ofthe worst performing. It receives limitedfunding, even after the summit last July,and is often obstructed by conservatives.If we say instead that such policies slowpopulation growth, which in turncontributes to environmentalsustainability and to achieving othersustainable development goals, they aremuch more likely to get support.Limiting family planning to the SRHRghetto can also slow fertility reduction.Fertility is falling generally but couples insome countries still desire large families.If we are to slow population growth, werequire an integrated approach whichprovides the means to family planningbut also the motivation of women’sincome from formal employment andthe promotion of smaller family size as asocial good.Human numbers could well triple inmy lifetime. If we are really serious aboutsustainability and development, it is notsomething we can afford to ignore.Simon Ross, Chief Executive,Population Matterswww.populationmatters.orgDevelop your career indevelopment managementIn a world which is constantly changing andwhere the focus of the public is constantly shifting,managing development programmes is becomingincreasingly challenging.Institutions, public as well as private, are part ofeveryday life and are critical for the success ofdevelopment processes and social change.Development managers, in public and private sectors,need the capacity to analyse the institutional landscape,and to use and adapt appropriate institutions – or createnew ones – to promote development. They also needthe capacity to build good relationships between themany organisations working for social change.Inter-organisational relationships are a particular focusof The Open University (OU) postgraduate programmein Global Development Management. Craig Walkerwho completed his MSc in Development Managementwhilst working for the Department for Environment,Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) found this helped todevelop his career:“The institutional development module, which focuseson inter-organisational relationships, gave me a goodunderstanding of how state agencies should interactwith other agencies. It also dealt with policy in areassuch as poverty reduction, and with aspects of practice– particularly negotiation – which gave me knowledgeand skills I could apply directly in my work.Bond are specialists in internationaldevelopment training.Our courses focus on advocacy,fundraising, effectiveness andprogrammes.Extra courses and dates just released.bond.org.uk/learn“Engaging, thoughtprovokingandinformative.”I also used these skills and knowledge in my dissertation,which examined decentralisation of governmentfunctions to civil society in the water sector in SouthAfrica and Sweden. This I did with a view to informinga new policy initiative taking place in Defra.”Other students on the OU’s Global DevelopmentManagement programme agree with Craig that theprogramme has helped them to develop more coherentand productive relations with partner organisations,think more strategically and coherently about the workthey are doing and ultimately become more effectiveand successful within the programme they work.Craig, who completed his MSc in 2011,has recently started a PhD with the OU,looking at institutional developmentand public participation in postconflict reconstruction. Said Craig:“This is a fantastic opportunity thatI would not have had access to hadI not done the MSc.”For further information visitwww.openuniversity.co.uk/pg-gdm“We benefitted from thehighly skilled trainer and useexamples specifically tailoredto our circumstances.”Get it in-houseBond in-house training is tailormadefor your organisation anddelivered direct to your door.bond.org.uk/inhousethe networker 103 | January – March 2013bond.org.uk

Feature | Interview36 37Women in Jombo village, Malawi, take group cookingclasses as part of the USAID-funded Wellness andAgriculture of Life Advancement project designed byCatholic Relief Services, a member of InterAction.In the spot lightQWhat similarities anddifferences are therebetween the US and UKinternational developmentsectors?Interaction’s members get a large portionof financing from the American public;support that runs across the ideologicalspectrum. I get the sense that while thereis giving in the UK context, it’s not to theextent as it is in the US.On the other hand, a significantasset for UK NGOs is that there is strongpublic-political support forinternational development. In the US,international development is not partof mainstream political dialogue andpoliticians often feel that they pay aprice for engagement with theseissues. In the last election, two bigchampions of foreign assistance losttheir seats, with some citing that thiswas due in part to their strongadvocacy stance at a time when manyLindsay Coates, Executive Vice President of InterAction,believes that the traditional relationship between aidgiver and receiver is changing to one of partnership andsupport, and this means that international NGOs willneed to adapt to remain relevant.believe that congressmen should befocussing on their constituents. UKpoliticians seem to have strongeraccountability to their public for foreignassistance work, and therefore there’s agreater commitment to it. This is ahuge advantage. I’ve had political staffon Capitol Hill say to me that we needto do what you’re doing in terms ofbuilding advocacy support that actuallyreaches law-makers.Your relationship with DFID isinspiring. They are seen as a leadingagency that actively engages withNGOs as partners. We’re pushing for asimilar relationship with USAID asthere has been a languishing of USpolicy around engagement with NGOs.QWhat does the USdo well?There’s a strong sense of trust in NGOsby the public that support them. Lastyear, a study on public views on foreignassistance found that while there wasconcern about money going to corruptdictators and issues of transparency andaccountability, if you told members ofthe public that the funds and work werebeing delivered through a well-knownNGO their support went updramatically.QShould we bethinking 'beyond aid'?Hans Rosling gave a brilliant TED Talkthat highlighted how much of ourpolicy is still based on the idea of firstworld, second world and third world,when actually this hasn’t been the casefor years. To go beyond aid means thatwe need to move to more countryownership whereby we support adeveloping country’s chosen path. Forsome countries traditional aid is goingto be important but for others it might bemore important to help to strengthenthe health system, or explain how topartner to improve social accountabilityor how to improve government systemsRacine Tucker-Hamilton/Bread for the World (2011)or tax collection. It has to be a countryby-countrydialogue. Traditional aid hasa place and humanitarian response isvitally important but effective long termdevelopment must be dictated by thecountry themselves.QWhat does theincreasingprominence of the BRICSand other emergingeconomies mean for'northern' NGOs?Country ownership and building aneffective civil society is critical. India is agood example of a country that needs tobuild and enhance its civil society andgroups there are looking forpartnerships and support. This is achallenge for big international NGOsbecause it means that they will need todevolve power to continue to berelevant.I believe in the concept ofaccompaniment – the idea that we’rewalking together; that we’re supportingthe ride rather than defining the end ofthe journey. The boom we’re seeing insouth-south cooperation is reallyinstructive. Of course, there are somecore responsibilities that governmentsand civil society need to uphold aroundrespect for civil society space and theenabling environment for civil society,but these are broader conceptual ideasand I don’t think we need to getinvolved in the detail of how it’s done.Traditional aid has a placeand humanitarian response isvitally important but effectivelong term development mustbe dictated by the countrythemselves.QWhat are your viewson the post-MDGsdiscussions?The dialogue we have with the Obamaadministration is significant in terms oftrying to shape the US response. Thereare four things I would say on which theUS NGO community is in broadagreement.First, that there’s a belief that theMDGs work because they’remeasurable. We can argue aboutwhether we’re measuring the rightthings or applying it in the right waybut this stands out from other UnitedNations endeavours.Second, I think there’s strongconcern about addressing the issuesand needs of fragile states – the placeswhere the MDGs are not being met –and a desire for serious attention onhow we deal with that.Third, there’sstrong convictionthat what followsthe MDGs must bemarried to sustainabledevelopment andclimate issues.Fourth, whilethere’s a wide range ofopinion on how exactly you do this,there is strong belief that we have to getat minimum inequalities and maybego all the way to including rights-basedapproaches. There’s an intense desirefor inclusive dialogue that transcendsthe ‘north-south’ divide.QWhat is the role ofthe US private sectorin development?There’s a well-developed corporatephilanthropy space in the US. In someways it’s simply an extension of the factthat businesses have, for a very longtime, been donors in their communitiesand have partnered with not-for-profitsthat are doing various work within thecommunity, so it’s less of a politicallycharged issue than it might beelsewhere. We recently asked ourmembers whether they either wanted arelationship with corporations oralready had one (primarily funding andjoint projects and partnership) and 75per cent said they either were doing it orwanted to.There are strong feelings that theNGO community engages withcorporations that have agreed tocertain standards of conduct andbehaviour and with industries that areforward looking in their policies andpractices. There’s an interestingdynamic here because the buyingpublic has quite high expectations ofhow corporations should go aboutdoing their business and that filtersinto whether or not NGOs engagewith them.QWhat are your hopesfor Obama's legacy inrelation to development?I am extremely grateful for thePresident’s leadership on Feed theFuture, the US government’s globalhunger and food security initiative.Agriculture and food security are coreto economic development, to women’sempowerment, to education and health– it touches on so many things. ThePresident has a keen personal interestso I’m hopeful that funding will besolidified, possibly through legislationthat it doesn’t currently have, and that itwill receive the institutional supportneeded to ensure it continues.Lindsay Coates, Executive VicePresident at InterAction, wasinterviewed by Jemma Ashmanat Bond.InterAction is the largest alliance ofUS-based international nongovernmentalorganisations (NGOs)with 200 members working in everydeveloping country.www.interaction.orgLindsay CoatesprofileLindsay Coates is Executive VicePresident of InterAction, acommunity of nearly 200 US-basedNGOs where she leads the publicpolicy and outreach work. Lindsayserves on board of the Global HealthCouncil, the steering committee ofthe World Bank Global Partnershipfor Social Accountability, the Obamaadministration’s Task Force on GlobalPoverty, the Board of Episcopal Reliefand Development and the PublicPolicy Committee of theIndependent Sector. She has beenthe COO of Population ActionInternational, which advocates foraccess to family planning servicesand began her career as a civil rightslawyer in Mississippi.the networker 103 | January – March 2013bond.org.uk bond.org.uk the networker 103 | January – March 2013

Feature | The future of fundraising:38 Supporting tomorrow’s leadersThe future of fundraisingSupporting tomorrow’s leadersInstead of looking for leaders from outside the internationaldevelopment sector, we should be investing in the potentialof home-grown middle managers, argues Erika Moisl.Leadership development is nothing new,but effective leadership within thevoluntary sector, and particularly withinthe fundraising field, is increasinglyimportant given the internal pressuresand external challenges currentlyexperienced by organisations seeking toserve a wide range of important causes.Middle managers areleaders of the futureAs the sector grows in size, scope andinfluence, organisations must becomeincreasingly more professional torespond to the reliance on them todeliver high quality services and beaccountable to an ever more diverse setof stakeholders.It is therefore more important thanever that fundraising departments arebuilding strong teams to pursue theirorganisational missions, and theresponsibility for motivating andproviding direction to these teamsoften falls to fundraising managers.Nevertheless, when organisationsinvest in leadership, these middlemanagers are often overlooked infavour of those already in leadershippositions. Recently the sector has alsoseen a trend for non-profits to seektransformative leaders from outside thesector rather than investing in thepotential of their existing middlemanagers who have an understandingof the complexities of the sector, whichis so vital for organisational strengthand sustainability.A new kind ofleadership programmeGiven her years of experience in thesector, Neelam Makhijani, CEO of theResource Alliance, was familiar withprofessional and personal developmentprogrammes for those already inleadership positions within charitiesand NGOs. However, she was keen tooffer something similar to theircolleagues which would specificallytarget the needs of senior and middlefundraising managers and integratestrong leadership into all levels offundraising management.The result is the Future LeadersProgramme for Fundraisers, an18-month training and mentoringprogramme launched by the ResourceAlliance in November 2012. Theprogramme has been developed overthe last two years, during which anin-depth feasibility study wasconducted with the collaboration ofFundraising Directors and FundraisingManagers from national andinternational NGOs. In response to thepersonal and professional developmentneeds identified, relationships havebeen forged with some of the leadingnames in leadership education.What the programmeincludesParticipants undertake 360-degreefeedback, attend a week-long residentialcourse, ‘Leadership Essentials forFundraisers’ taught by a combination ofprofessors from the London BusinessSchool and Said Business School, andreceive support from executive coachesand personal mentors. Throughout theprogramme there is access to exclusivenetworks, including a peer learningworkshop and e-platform.Long-term successand sustainabilityThe unique format of the FutureLeaders Programme for Fundraisersbuilds upon the Resource Alliance’strack record of delivering successfultraining with local and internationalNGOs worldwide, combined withon-going mentoring to ensure thatlearning is successfully implementedwithin fundraisers’ organisations andcontributes to their long-termsustainability.Douglas Tanton, Director of GlobalResource Development andFundraising at CARE International,endorses the need for this programme.“We face a future where fundraising,philanthropy, business, governmentand civil society are all converging oncore issues and challenges. The futureleaders of philanthropy, fundraisingand non-profit leadership will need adiverse tool box of skills andexperiences in order to meet thesechallenges. Our professional futurerelies on educating new leaders withnew ideas to rise up and move ourindustry forward. This programmedemonstrates the industry andeducation partnerships our futureleaders require and provides asignificant learning and networkingopportunity for those of experienceand ambition to take their learning andcareer to the next level."Participation in the Future LeadersProgramme for Fundraisers offersversatile perspectives and transferableskills from across the non-profit,academic and corporate sectors,enabling middle and senior managersto grow and widen their knowledge ofdifferent disciplines. Participants willlearn to adapt and apply this knowledgewithin their own organisations andutilise their expanded networks ontheir upward path to securing moreresponsible positions in the future.Erika Moisl, International ProgrammesManager, The Resource AllianceFuture LeadersProgramme forFundraisersApplications to the Programme arenow open, with a strict limit of 20places available to fundraisersworking with charities or NGOs.The closing date for applications is31 March 2013. Find our more andapply now:www.resource-alliance.org/futureleaderInternational Development UEA manages theconsultancy, research and training activities of UEA’sSchool of International Development – a leading institution forteaching and research in the UK.Short Courses 2013Water Security for Policymakersand Practitioners10-14 June£1500 (including B&B accommodation)A course designed for entry and mid-level water anddevelopment policy makers and professionals in government,donor, NGO or implementing agencies.‘An excellent course, the content was extremely relevant.’2012 course participant• Gain comprehensive knowledge on the increasinglyimportant policy challenge of ‘water security’• Explore how the multiple levels of water security – human,community, state, international and global - require broadbut considered policy inputs• Examine the inter-dependencies of different sectors (climate,food, energy) that interact within a ‘web’ of water security• Consider the implications for national and human securitythrough an appreciation that water security for some canmean water insecurity for others.• Critically assess and address current water security policyImpact Evaluation for Evidence Based Policy8–19 July£3000 (including self-catering accommodation)A course for early and mid-level professionals, post-graduatestudents and academics working with organisations whichneed to understand the methods used in evidence-basedpolicy making in order to evaluate and justify continued publicspending.‘…. If you’re looking to develop the technical evaluationskills that international donors and NGOs seek in this ageof value-for-money and return on spend, then this is thecourse for you….’2012 Course participant working for an economicconsultancy firm• Gain a theoretical and practical understanding of IEapproaches and methodologies• Enable selection of appropriate methodologies andappraisal of evidence• Learn current quantitative and qualitative evaluationtechniques• Build a critical understanding of the roles they play in designand assessment of public policy and developmentinterventions• Analyse data from established IE examples drawn fromdevelopment literature and elsewhereemail devco.train@uea.ac.uk for details of our professionaldevelopment programme of bespoke courses which canbe arranged for individuals or small groups.Gender and Development22 July – 2 August£3000 (including self-catering accommodation)Designed for programme staff and managers in developmentagencies and government departments/ministries, women’srights officers, gender focal points and members of genderintervention teams‘The course was a great learning curve for me and I leave with asolid understanding of what Gender and Development is about’Course participant from an NGO in Swaziland• Build gender knowledge and practice skills for gender equity• Improve practice in gender analysis for programme delivery• Establish leadership for enabling organisational cultures• Explore the theory and practice of change and gender as anorganisational value• Consolidate your knowledge with distance learningClimate Change & Development4 – 17 September£3200 (including self-catering accommodation)Designed for professionals who want to gain a greaterunderstanding of the implications of climate change fordeveloping countries and of the processes, issues anddebates surrounding adaptation and mitigation.‘Exceptionally well-organised and well delivered course’Course participant from the Commonwealth Secretariat, London• Equip yourself, as a non-specialist, with a broad understandingof what climate change may mean for low income populations• Consider the scope and prospects for adapting to change• Discuss emissions reduction in the context of developmentand poverty reduction• Gain a deeper awareness of the ideas, opportunities andtrade-offs represented by adaptation and mitigation• Develop analytical skills in sessions on climate science, climatechange mitigation and international mechanisms/negotiationsrelating to climate change with some of the world’s leadingresearchers on climate change and development• Focus on vulnerability and adaptation in the context ofpoverty reduction• Explore what climate change implies in terms of impacts andvulnerability• Consider how to go about building resilience and adaptivecapacity at all scalesAll courses take place at the University of East Anglia,Norwich, UK. To apply and for further details pleasevisit our webpages www.uea.ac.uk/internationaldevelopment/dev-co/professional-trainingor email/telephone devco.train@uea.ac.uk+44 (0)1603 592340bond.org.ukthe networker 103 | January – March 2013