Abell, Johann 165 Abrahams, P. 35 acrobats, see under - Ashgate

References to illustrations are in bold 

Abell, Johann 165 

Abrahams, P. 35 

acrobats, see under performance and 

spectacle 

actors and actresses 

actress-servant-master trio, see under 

stock roles 

actresses 

acceptability 219, 251, 257, 258fn15, 

260–61 

all-female stage, convent 

performances 27–8 

nuns as educators of actresses 281 

retirement to convents of actresses 

110; see also religious stage 

ban in public theatres 11, 212, 255 

in Bozen Passion Play (1514) 23–6, 

28, 35 

British 18, 249, 255–61 

Cavendish on 9, 11–12 

child 258 

in commedia dell’arte 206–7, 213, 215, 

230, 231 

costumes 231, 235, 240–41, 243 

defence of profession 204, 216 

denunciation of 212–13, 215 

‘English Ladies’ 262fn36 

in French troupes 4, 197, 199, 206 

in German-speaking Europe 262, 

264–6, 268, 277–83 

in Italian troupes 9, 11–12, 206–12 

Johann Beer on 289–90 

in masks 233–5, 236 

in Le Mystère des Trois Doms 28 

non-speaking roles 26 

novelty of 211–12 

in opera 208 

praise of 197 

prostitutes, likened to 14, 18, 84, 

209–11, 213, 250, 290 

quack troupes, as training grounds 18 

Index 

in religious plays 26–7 

roles 240 

Samuel Pepys on 257–61 

in Shakespeare 210 

Sweden, first professionals 262 

in veils 233–5 

all-male stage 4, 11, 14, 23, 26, 45, 106, 

208, 215, 216, 218, 228, 231, 243, 

252, 255–7 

amateurs 18, 23, 27, 35, 45, 63, 82, 153, 

159, 195, 208, 218, 219, 231, 251–2, 

262–4, 295–6 

boy, child 76, 92, 98, 113, 155, 160–61, 

208, 212, 231, 236, 245, 249, 252, 

255, 257, 261–4, 270, 275–6 

buffoni, buffoons 14, 205, 215 –19, 226 

comici 14, 205, 206, 213, 216–19, 223, 

228, 229, 235, 243 

English troupes abroad 4, 12, 14, 36, 

106, 197, 200, 210–11, 261–4, 

267–78, 285, 290–99 

histrioni 217 

playing healers 194, 199–201 

professionals, models of development of 

professional stage 

consecutive model 218, 221 

economic motivation 8, 115, 119, 158, 

179, 215, 219, 250, 267, 290 

permeable pyramid model 218–19, 

221 

see also costume; cross-dressing; 

itinerant performers and healers; 

performance and spectacle; 

religious stage; stock roles, troupes 

Adair, James Makittrick, Medical 

Cautions 5fn7, 142n35, 191fn52 

Adam de la Halle, Jeu de la Feuillée 35 

Adhémar, Jean 199 

Ady, Thomas, A Candle in the Dark 98 

Agricola, Johann Georg 140 

Agrippa, Cornelius 209

336 Women, Medicine and Theatre 1500–1750 

Albani, Decio 209 

Alberghini, Angelica 208, 210 

Albertinus, Aegidius, Gusman von Alfarche 

188fn27 

Albrecht, Anna Rosina 167–9 

Album Graecum see medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products 

Alcock, Thomas 170, 172 

alcohol, see medical and cosmetic 


Alemán, Mateo, Guzmán de Alfarache 157, 

187 

Alewyn, Richard 123, 285–8 

Alexander, Robert J. 275–8 

Alfieri, Giovanni Paolo 199 

all-female stage; all-male stage see under 

actors and actresses 

Allen, Charles, Curious Observations 178 

Alleyn, Edward 271 

Alsfeld, religious play 40 

Amann, Klaus 38 

amateur performances, see under actors 

and actresses 

Amelung, Just-Christian 188 

Amman, Jost 129, 176, 179, 225 

Amorevoli da Treviso, Battista 212 

Amorevoli da Treviso, Vittoria 235 

Amsterdam 

performers from and in 110, 262, 269 

Schouwburg Theatre 262 

Amstutz, Renate 39 

amulets see under medical and cosmetic 


André, Anne 272 

Andreini, Francesco 241 

Andreini, Giovanni Battista 217 

La Florinda 208 

Andreini, Isabella 114, 208, 215, 217, 241, 

263, 275 

images of 235 

Rime 235 

Andreson, Paul 128 

‘Andrews’s Company’ 12fn18 

animals, in performative routines, see 

under performance and spectacle 

Anna of Denmark, Queen 251 

antidotes, see under medical and cosmetic 


anti-theatricalism 11, 34, 224, 245–6, 283, 

292 

Prynne’s treatise 246, 250, 251–2 

Antwerp 

Cavendish, home of 11 

depiction of 76 

Fair, Cavendish on 1–16, 115 

Italian troupe, expulsion 12, 14 

Prince Charles, visit of 257 

apothecaries see under healers 

Aquaviva, Claudius 16 

Archilei, Antonio 207 

‘Aretine’, Peter, Strange Newes from 

Bartholomew-Fair 251fn25 

Aretino, Dialogues 171, 259 

Arlecchino see stock roles 

Armani, Vincenza 207, 217, 275 

Arnold, Lucia 224 

Aslan, Ana 150fn67 

Astington, John H. 275–6 

Atkyns, Arabella, The Family Magazine 

142 

audience, spectators 

all-male 14, 212 

appeal, participation 31, 35, 40, 58, 

87–8, 101, 206–7, 213, 264, 293 

communication with 73, 294 

depicted iv, 6–7, 44, 45, 53, 64–5, 70, 77, 

78–9, 90–91, 94, 105, 131, 145, 199, 

214, 232, 237, 248, 284 

female 14, 107, 267–9, 292 

mixed 252 

payments by 2, 4, 106, 271 

handkerchiefs, money thrown up to 

stage in by iv, 73, 91, 114 

response 16, 34, 43, 76, 92, 98, 104, 152, 

212–13, 217, 228, 259, 287 

therapeutic effect on 34–6 

viewing from private rooms 12 

visibility to 54, 56, 231, 267 

see also actors and actresses 

Augsburg, performers and quacks from 

and in 123, 165, 268–9, 279, 282 

August Friedrich, Duke, Bishop of 

Lübeck 281 

August von Sachsen-Weißenfels, Duke, 

286 

Avery, Emmett L. 106

Avignon, itinerant quacks and performers 

in 73, 76, 78, 84, 97–8, 129, 136, 180, 

197, 222–3 

Bach, J.S. 184 

Bacon, Francis, The Twoo Bookes 143 

Bacon, Roger, The Cure of Old Age 97 

Baden, performers in 280 

Baeck, Elias, An Italian Showman 108, 109 

Bakhtin, Mikhail 34–6, 153, 160 

Balbirer, Jacob 25, 30 

Balbirer, Sigmund 25, 30 

Balde, Jakob 81, 101 

balms, balsams, see under medical and 

cosmetic ingredients and products 

Balsamo, Jusepe 129 

Bamberg 

art in 108 

healers from and in 165, 168 

Barbieri, Nicolò, La Supplica 99, 228, 245 

Barclay, Alexander, Stultifera nauis 136–7 

Bargagli, Girolamo, La pellegrina 208 

Bargrave, John 212 

Barking 28 

Barlow, Thomas 130 

Barrett, Stephen 5fn7 

Barry, Elizabeth 153 

Bartholin, Thomas 4 

Bartholomew Fair, see under London 

Baschet, Armand 207 

Basle 

Augustine monastery 28 

Fishmarket 28 

performers in and from 27–8, 56, 277–8 

Platter family 221–2 

Bassano, Leandro, Carnival Scene 

(February) 234–5, 236 

Baynton, Lady Ann 170 

Beatrix, Duchess of Lorraine 153 

Beaucaire annual fair 92 

Beaumont, Francis 

Philaster (co-author) 261 

‘The Fair Maid of the Inn’ (co-author) 

155fn14 

The Scornful Lady (co-author) 258, 259 

Beauvais, Epiphany Festival 26 

Becher, Johann Joachim 132 

Bechimerin, Anna 27 

Beck, Johann Ferdinand 279 

Index 337 

Beer, Johann 123, 158, 161–2, 184–5, 

285–98 

on actresses 289–90 

on stage fools 286, 294 

works 

Corylo 286 

Feuermäuer=kehrer 290 

Jucundus Jucundissimus 82, 139fn20 

Jungfer=Hobel 188fn29 

Kleider=Affe 122, 188fn29 

Maul=Affen 147fn55, 285–6, 290–98 

English performers in 290–98 

Narren=Spital 159, 186, 285, 290 

Sein Leben 130, 285–8, 290fn21, 293 

Sommer=Täge 290 

Teutsche Winternächte 98, 159, 288–90 

Ursus Murmurat 286fn7 

Verkehrte Staats=Mann 287–8 

Weltkucker 159 

Begardi, Philipp 130 

Index Sanitatis 93, 98, 126–7, 141 

Begemann, Nienke 269 

Behaim, Magdalena, Briefwechsel 27, 211, 

268 

Behn, Aphra, The Second Part of the 

Rover 84, 97, 148, 153–4, 170, 186 

Beijer, Agne 196, 199, 200 

Bella di Paija, Donna 163–4 

Bendo couple, see Wilmot 

Benecke, Heinrich Wilhelm 282 

Benecke, Victoria Clara 282–3 

Benedict XIV, Pope 212–13 

Benediktbeuern 38 

Bentley, George 275, 290 

Bepler, Jill 99, 114, 259, 282 

Berlin 

Brandenburg, religious play 40 

Church opposition to acting 283 

Depictions in 68, 71, 75, 220 

Easter Plays 40, 121 

Eckenbergs’ theatre 279 

Haude-Spenersche Zeitung 191 

Spandau, quacks in 169 

Vossische Zeitung 92fn15, 109fn81, 149, 

177 

Bernier, Jean, Essais de medecine 84, 

123fn24, 170 

Bernoin, Charles 120, 168, 286–90 

death 286–90


‘flight’ 99, 284, 286–90 

literary influence on Beer 288–90 

patent from Charles IV 287 

patent medicines 287 

tightrope skills 287 

Bernoin, George-Louis 287 

Bertelli, Franco, Il carnevale italiano 

mascherato 223 

Bertelli, Pietro, Diversarum [m] nationum 

habitus: ‘Bragato, Cingana’ 220, 223 

Betcher, Gloria J. 50 

Bevington, David 26 

bezoar stone, see under medical and 


Bianca, Queen 163 

Bianca, Vittoria 114 

Biehner, Siegmund 276 

Biller, Alexander 168 

Billington, Sandra 124, 166, 228 

bills see handbills 

Binns, J.W. 246 

birthing chamber, ‘gossipings’ 10, 160 

Blosen, Hans 40 

Blümel, Christoph 278 

Boccaccio, Giovanni, Decameron 157, 

183fn3 

Bodenburg, Daniel and wife 165, 166, 

188–90 

handbill 182, 183, 189 

Bohn, Johannes 139 

Bologna 

licences 101, 125 

performers from 207 

quacks in 146, 164 

Bologna, Marianna 106 

Bolte, Johannes 160, 265, 270, 272, 279, 

275, 281–3 

Boltz, Valentin, The Conversion of St Paul 

56 

Bolzano, Stadtpfarrkirche 28, 52, 54–5 

see Bozen 

Bondeson, Jan 4, 108–10, 133 

Boord, Mme. de 157 

Borromeo, Carlo 223–4 

Bosch, Hieronymous 

Christ Purifying the Temple (imitator) 

45, 46–7, 50, 56 

The Haywain 40, 41 

Bottonio, Albertino 227 

Bouclon, Mathieu 200 

Bovio, Giovanni, Archbishop 148 

Bovio, Zefiriele Tomaso, Flagello de’medici 

rationali 79fn3 

Boyle, Robert 140fn25 

Bozen (Bolzano), Passion Play (1514) 40, 

45 

actresses in 23–6, 28, 33, 35 

directors 29 

merchant scene 29–31, 33, 35 

Palm Sunday performance 29, 48 

stage plan, see Raber 

women quacks in 29–30, 33 

Braca, Vincenzo, Sautabanco 84, 104, 152 

Brackenhoffer, Elie 4 

Bradley, Mrs 255 

Bradstreet, John 268, 270 

Bragati, Girolamo 223 

Bragato, Bragetta, see Bertelli; stock roles 

Brambilla, Ambrogio, Gamesboard 235, 

238 

Brandt, George W. 262, 265, 269, 283 

Brant, Sebastian, Stultifera nauis, 

Narrenschiff 10, 136–7, 216; see also 

Barclay; folly literature 

Brasen, Katharine 270 

Brauneck, Manfred 26, 34–5, 55 

Braunschweig 

court performers 264–5, 281 

Duke of, see Ferdinand Albrecht I 

quacks in 180 

Bredero, Gerbrand 268, 269 

Breiolt, Hans, wife of 24, 26 

Breitinger, Johann Jakob 246, 250 

Bedencken von Comoedien 246fn18 

Breslau (Wrocɫaw), quacks in and from 

168, 280 

Brian, Thomas, The Pisse-Prophet 80, 

89fn10 

Brno, see Brünn 

Brome, Richard 256 

The City Wit 140, 155fn14, 263 

The Love-sick Court 156 

Brown, Pamela Allen, Women Players 255 

Brown, Richard Danson 146 

Browne, Richard 97 

Browne, Robert 268, 271, 272

Bruegel, Pieter 45 

Brünn (Brno) 

documents in 132, 143, 164, 188, 279–81 

Old-Brünn stage 280 

performers and healers in 279–81 

Brunnschweiler, Thomas 245, 246, 250 

Buatier, Françoise 27 

Buchinger, Matthias 109 

Buchner, Eberhard 92, 109, 149, 177, 191 

Buckingham, Duke of 206 

Buffon, Georges, Histoire Naturelle 111 

buffoni (buffoons) see under actors and 

actresses 

Buhler, Johan Bartholomeus 276 

Buhlmeyer, Johannes 165 

Buhlmeyerin, Anna Gertrud 165 

Bullein, William, Gouernement of Healthe 

122, 189 

Buratelli, Claudia 208 

Burgundy 

Duke of 27 

mountebanks from 92 

Burke, Peter 62 

Burnim, Kalman A. 106 

Burton, Dorothy 139 

Burton, Robert 139 

The Anatomy of Melancholy 122, 

140fn21, 228fn27 

‘C’, The Two Merry Milke-maids 98, 

228fn27 

Caccini, Giulio 208 

Caccini, Lucia 207 

Cadnes, Elisabeth Georg 106–7 

Cailleau, Hubert 56 

Caius, Jhon, A Boke, or Counseill 126fn40 

Calabron, Gallion 250 

Cambridge, Trinity College, student play 

at 252 

Campolongo, Emilio 227 

Caravaggio, The Gypsy Fortune-teller 101, 

103 

Cärer (Hofmann), Maria Ursula 277, 278, 

281 

Carew, Maria Sophia 259 

Carleton, John 258 

Carleton, Mary, see Moders 

Carletto (Carlo) 209fn17 

Index 339 

Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary), quacks in 130 

Carnival and Lent 

bull fighting 70, 236 

Church opposition 224, 245–6 

costume 80–82, 205, 217, 241, 246 

depicted 63, 70, 220, 232, 236 

herring (Lenten food) 159, 187 

mountebanks at 74 

pancakes (carnival food) 13 

plays, farces, mummers’ plays, 

Arztspiele, Fastnachtspiele 33, 37, 

42, 147, 151, 158–9, 184, 205, 245–6 

pursuits/revels/rituals 62, 218 

see also Antwerp; Venice 

Carter, Mrs 144 

Caryll, John, The English Princesse 260 

castrati, see music 

Cauis, John, A Boke 126 

Caulery, L., Theatrical Scene 44, 45 

Cavendish, Margaret 1–19, 257fn14, 270, 

298 

on actresses 9, 11–12 

on the Antwerp Fair 1–2, 9 –16, 115 

on Barbara Urslerin 2, 4 

CCXI Sociable Letters 1, 4, 8–16, 92, 

205fn3 

on cross-dressing 11–12 

on itinerant Italian troupe 8–16, 270 

marriage, to Duke of Newcastle 11 

Cavendish, William, Duke of Newcastle 

11, 257 

Cecchini, Pier Maria 206, 217 

Cellier, Elisabeth 251fn27 

Centlivre, Susanna, The Wonder 264 

Cerasano, Susan 1 

certificates, see under itinerant performers 

and healers 

âesky Krumlov (Krumau, Bohemia), see 

Krumau 

Cett, Helena and Judith 109–10, 111 

Chambers, E.K. 38, 245 

charlatans 

‘Il Ciarlone’ 104, 121, 152 

and comici 205 

and commedia dell’arte 221, 226, 229 

definition 5 

early modern usage 74, 78, 114 

Garzoni on 216–19


Guarinonius on 74, 226, 228 

Moryson on 74, 80, 114, 129 

Sonnet de Courval on 74, 80, 96–7, 104 

Soprintendenze sui comici e ciarlatani 

217 

see also itinerant performers and healers 

Charles I, King of England 251, 259 

Charles II, King of England 141, 170, 257, 

259 

Charles IV, King of France 287 

Châteaudun-sur-Loire Passion 28 

Chéreau, A. 138 

chest, medicine, see under itinerant 

performers and healerss 

Chester, Assumption of the Virgin 26 

Chiarini, Madame 119 

Chinachine, see stock roles 

Choke, Major John 144 

Christina, Queen of Sweden 212 

Christine de Lorraine 207 

Chrisutte, Gertraut 110 

civic authorities see under itinerant 

performers and healers (licences) 

Clarice, La Signore 164 

Clemens VIII, Pope 212 

Clouet, François 199–200 

Clowes, William, A Short and Profitable 

Treatise 143 

Cocco, Ester 207 

Cohn, Albert 275, 277 

Coleman, Catherine 256 

Colloredo, Lazarus 107, 109 

Cologne, healers and performers in and 

from 14, 16, 100, 101, 112, 183, 271, 

280 

Colombani, Apollonia 183, 184 

Colombani, Giuseppe 183–4 

Colvin, Sarah 265 

Combe, Kirk 172 

commedia dell’arte 

actresses in 206–17, 230, 231, 275 

actress-servant-master trio see stock 

roles 

depiction 231–5 

development models 

consecutive 218–19 

permeable pyramid 218, 221 

Easter ban, Florence 209 

English drama, influence on 155 

farces 112, 164 

features 205, 218 

Garzoni on 216–17 

improvisation 36, 205, 210–11, 218, 294 

Cavendish on 12 

lazzi stage routines 43, 205, 218, 240 

Guarinonius’s descriptions 226–9 

and merchant scene 36, 43 

maid, played by actor 216 

masks 233–4, 244 

merchant scene, parallels 17, 36, 43 

origins 215 

scenarios and plays 

Corsini Album 234, 240, 241, 244 

La Pazzia d’Isabella 208 

La Zingara 208 

Scala’s 84, 152, 243 

signature cast see under stock roles 

(actress-servant-master trio) 

troupes 4, 14, 18, 73, 195, 200 

see also actors and actresses; costume; 

stock roles; troupes, Italian 

commedia erudita 205, 218, 231 

‘commercial breaks’ see under 

performance and spectacle 

Common, Doll 259 

Concarini, Vittoria 207 

Confidenti, see troupes, Italian 

Coniacke, Mme 251 

conjoined twins, see under performance 

and spectacle 

Contarini, Gasparo, Gouernment of Venice 

121fn10 

Contini, Gianfranco 43 

Contugi, Christophe 164 

convent plays, see under religious stage 

Cook, Mrs 143 

Cooke, Sir Robert 261 

Copenhagen, performers in 4 

coral, see under medical and cosmetic 


Corsini Album, see commedia dell’arte, 

scenarios 

Cortese, Isabella, I Secreti 140 

Coryat, Thomas, Coryats Crudities 73fn1, 

74, 78, 81fn10, 84, 96–7, 104, 106, 

122fn17, 212, 234fn4

cosmetics see under medical and cosmetic 


costume 

actresses 231, 240–41, 243, 249 

depiction 233–5, 240–41, 243 

itinerant healers 79–82, 168, 170 

masks 

actresses wearing 233–5, 236 

carnival 232 

commedia dell’arte 233–4, 244 

loup 232, 234 

vizard 84 

nudity 210, 235, 245 

perfumed 122 

sources 231, 233 

sumptuary regulations 63–4, 79 

and cross-dressing 245 

Turkish 79, 238, 241, 243, 244 

veils 

actresses 233–5 

wise-women 137 

see also cross-dressing 

costume books 223 

friendship albums, resemblances 67 

Cotta, John, A Trve Discouery of the 

Empericke 10 

Cotton, Nancy 26 

counselling, see under medical and 

cosmetic services, patients and 

conditions 

couples see under itinerant performers and 

healers 

Coussemaker, E. de 38 

Coventry, itinerant performers in 97, 255 

Craig, Hardin 35 

Creizenach, Wilhelm 28, 29, 33, 39, 268 

Crofts, Cicely 259 

Cromwell, Oliver 11, 256 

Croon, Daniel 88 

Crosch, Hiltgen 183 

Cross, T., Loe Here a Woman comes in 

Charitie 134 

cross-dressing 

actors 231, 243, 255 

actresses 11–12, 231, 243, 255, 257, 259 

Cavendish on 11–12 

church condemnation 245–6, 250 

commedia dell’arte, stock in trade 243 

Index 341 

criticism 14 

depicted 233, 241, 244, 254 

in Dryden 260 

in Heywood 147 

in Killigrew 259 

Milton on 252 

Prynne on 250–51 

in scenarios (Corsini) 241–2, 244 

in scenarios (Scala) 84 


and sumptuary regulations 245 

see also costume 

Curth, Louise 142, 144 

Cysat, Renward 56 

da Bagnacavallo, Lidia 217 

Daffy, Elizabeth 142 

Daffy, Revd Thomas 142 

Dahlberg, Gunilla 14, 16, 262, 263 

dance and dancers see under performance 

and spectacle 

‘Dance of Death’ 216 

D’Ancona, Alessandro 207, 212, 217 

Danzig 

Fencing Hall 272 

performers in 107, 270–71, 275, 276, 

282 

St Dominic’s Fair 282 

Daston, Lorraine 4, 107 

Datini, Margherita 146 

Datzin, Lusi 5, 8 

Davenant, Charles 276 

Davenant, Dame Mary 153, 258, 261 

Davenant, Sir William 76, 153 

actresses 258 

Britannia Trivmphans (co-author) 

84fn21 

‘The Long Vacation’ 255fn5 

mixed gender opera 256 

tennis court theatre 76 

theatrical patent holder 257–8, 276 

Davenport, Hester 258 

Davidson, Clifford 26, 51, 88 

Davis, Mary 258, 260–61 

Day, John 

Law Trickes 89 

Three English Brothers 210–11 

de Boor, Helmut 37, 39


de Courval, Sonnet, see Sonnet de 

Courval 

de Gaufreteau, Jean, Chronique Bordelaise 

197 

de Gogler, Carl 140 

de Gourmont, Jean II 199–200 

de Latour, Henri 27 

de le Nerle, Waudru 27 

de l’Esperonnière, Antoine 206 

de Nobili, Cesare 243 

de Parthenay, Denise 138 

de Roson, Mrs 255 

de Rue, John 106 

de Vos, Marten, A Feast 237 

de Wancourt, Jehanne 197 

death 

allegorical figure 13 (Doot), 204, 214, 

216 

dance of 216 

defiant ritual laughter 34 

funeral wishes of actresses 215 

in mountebank crowd 228 

quacks’ authority over 87, 96–7, 99, 147, 

186 

Debs, Benedikt 29 

decapitation, simulated, see performance 

Dédiet family 27 

Deierkauf-Holsboer, S. Wilma 196, 199 

Dekker, Thomas, The Roaring Girle 

(co-author) 164, 254, 256 

del Re, Angela 207 

del Re, Maphio 207, 223 

Delft, midwives in 177 

della Scala, Margherita 207 

Denner, Leonhard Andreas 264 

Denner, Maria Magdalena 264 

Denner-Spiegelberg, Elisabeth 160, 265 

dental care, see under healers; medical and 

cosmetic ingredients and products; 

medical and cosmetic services 

Deppre, Mme, 92 

Desiosi, see under troupes, Italian 

Dest, Joan 157 

Deventer, mystery play 26 

Devil 9, 101, 144, 147, 149, 186, 213, 270, 

286; see also under stock roles 

Devrient, Eduard 261, 279, 283 

d’Ewes, Simonds 252 

di Roy, Maria 276 

diaries, journals and travel accounts 61 

anon Englishman 84 

D’Ewes 252 

Ferdinand of Bavaria 106 

Ferdinand Albrecht I 114 

Mundy 107 

Wrage 99 

see also Evelyn; friendship albums; 

Pepys; Platter 

Diemerbroeck, Ysbrand van, The 

Anatomy of Human Bodies 146 

Dietz, Johann 132 

Dijon, quacks in 88, 287 

Dil Ulenspiegel, see stock roles 

(Eulenspiegel) 

Dionis, Charles 164 

Dionis, Pierre 188 

Discret, Agnès and Jehanne 107 

Diye, Elizabel 197 

doctor, doctoress, see under healers, 

physician 

Doherty, Francis 144 

Donato, Balthasar 280 

Dorsch, Johan Christian 276 

Dresden 

Jolly in 276 

Kuhnau in 184 

literary setting 155 

drugs, see under medical and cosmetic 


Dryander, Johannes, Artzenei Spiegel 178 

Dryden, John, Maiden Queen 260 

du Mesniel, Charles 276 

du Mesnil, Alexandre 197 

du Perron, Cardinal 223 

du Soleil, André 275 

Dublin, see Allen, Charles 

Dubuc, Pierre 196 

Duchartre, Pierre Louis 196, 200, 234, 241 

Dupont, Giovanna 146 

D’Urfey, Thomas, The Royalist 183 

Duym, Jakob 262 

Dyan, Ursula 4 fn6 

Eamon, William 140 

Earle, John, Micro-cosmographie 143 

Easter plays, see religious stage

Eaton, Dr Robert, Balsamick Styptick 

123 

Eck, Adam, friendship album, images 66 

Eckenberg, Johann Carl 279 

Eckenberg troupe 279, 283 

Eckenbergin, Cornelia 279 

Eckhof, Conrad 265 

Edinburgh, performers in 106 

Eekhout, Rockus Coenraad 262 

Eichmann, Johann 178 

Eisenach 

healers in 189 

religious stage 27 

Eisenbarth, Johann Andreas 84, 120, 165, 

167–9, 289 

and Bernoin 289 

dental care 128, 179, 188 

handbills 128, 168–9, 179, 188 

troupe 169 

wives, see Albrecht; Heinigke 

Eisenbarth, Matthias 168 

Eisinger, Ralf 265, 281 

Eitlin, Maria Francisca 280 

Elenson, Andreas 265 

Elenson, Catherina Susanna 265 

Elenson, Julius Franz 265 

Elenson, Margarete 265 

Elenson-Haacke, Sophie 265, 282 

Elizabeth I, Queen of England 209, 255 

Elkeles, Barbara 5, 132, 139 

Eller, Alois Karl 29 

Emde, Ruth B. 265 

Emmen, quacks in 129 

Encke, Johan “Hans” Georg 276–7 

‘English Ladies’, see under actors and 

actresses 

Erasmus of Rotterdam, Ecclesiastes 187 

Erlau Easter play 

medical duties, gendered division 163 

merchant scene 30, 40, 42 

quack monologues 42 

quack scenes 40, 42 

tooth extraction 42 

urine diagnosis 42 

Ettner, Johann Christoph, Der Entlarvte 

Marckt=Schreyer 81, 143fn42, 

144fn48, 185 

Eulenspiegel, Till see under stock roles 

Index 343 

Evans, M. Blakemore 45, 51–2, 54, 56 

Evelyn, John 

Diary 4, 74, 89, 97, 109, 110, 114, 122, 

125, 157, 170, 212, 250, 252, 256, 

258, 260–61 

Numismata 98fn38 

Evelyn, Mary 260 

eyeglasses see under medical and cosmetic 


exorcism, see under performance and 

spectacle 

Faber, August Georg 123, 290 

Faber, Joseph 165 

fairs 1, 12, 63, 74, 89, 125, 179, 185, 255, 

263 

The Country Fair, broadsheet 13 

depictions of, cover, 6, 7, 13, 77, 145, 

248 

literary fairs, see Beer, Kuhnau, Weise 

women as retailers 2, 136, 297 

of food and produce 6, 13, 64–5, 91, 

145, 236 

see also Antwerp; Beaucaire; Danzig; 

Frankfurt; The Hague; Hamburg; 

Leipzig; London; Strasbourg 

Faivre, Bernard 197 

Falconieri, John V. 206, 209 

Farckas, Johann 12 

Farmer, David Hugh 62 

Farquhar, George, The Beaux Stratagem 

140 

Fasshauer, Catharina 277 

Fasshauer, Johann 277 

Fauchard, Pierre, Tractat von den Zähnen 

125fn36, 178–9, 188–9, 191 

Fedeli, see under troupes (Italian) 

Federl, Gretl 24, 26 

Feinberg, Anat 155 

Félicie, Jacobea 138 

Ferdinand Albrecht I, Duke of 

Braunschweig-Lüneburg 99, 114, 282 

Wunderliche Begebnüssen 101fn57 

Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria 92 

Ferdinand, Duke of Bavaria, Prince 106 

Ferdinando, see Medici 

Ferranti, Girolamo 164 

Ferrar, Franciscus see Mondor


Ferré, Marie 206 

Ferrone, Siro 74, 122, 217, 229 

Ferry, Nicolas 110 

Fischart, Johann, Geschichtklitterung 137, 

186, 187, 228fn27 

Fischel, Oskar 55 

Flaminia, see under stock roles 

Flaminia, Barbara 207, 243 

Flaser, see Glaser 

fleas, see performance and spectacle, 

animals; medical and cosmetic 

services, patients and conditions, pest 

control 

Flecknoe, Richard, A Treatise of the 

Sports of Wit 153 

Fletcher, John 156 

Philaster (co-author) 261 

The Beggar’s Bush (co-author) 257 

‘The Fair Maid of the Inn’ (co-author) 

155fn14 

The Faithfvll Shepheardesse 156fn23 

The Loyall Subject 257 

The Scornful Lady (co-author) 258, 259 

The Widdow (co-author) 155fn18 

Florence 


Medici wedding of 1589 207–8 

mountebank regulations 76, 78, 209 

performers from and in 27, 76, 78, 81, 

112, 207–9, 211 

theatre 211 

folly and fools 

folly literature (Narrenliteratur) 10, 12, 

36–7, 136–7, 162, 216, 227 

Parable of the Foolish Virgins 38 

and the stage 34–5, 61, 81, 227–8, 287, 

289 

see also stock roles 

fortune-telling, see gypsies and fortune 

telling 

Fountaine, Edward La, A Precious 

Treasury 180 

Fouquet, Jehan, The Martyrdom of St 

Apollonia 51, 53 

Fourment, Hélène 11 

Francken, Elisabeth 270 

Franco, Giacomo, Charlatans in the Piazza 

San Marco 76, 96, 104, 105, 205 

Frangipani, Cornelio, Tragedia 207 

Frankfurt 224 

Fair, performers and healers at 12, 16, 

92, 101, 138, 197, 268–70, 272–3, 

276–7, 281 

Frankfurter Dirigierrolle 56 

Sanduhr Inn 272–3 

Fresia, Carol Jean 177 

Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia 169 

friendship albums 14, 67, 69 

costume books, resemblances 67 

Eck’s 66 

Grünthaler’s iv 

Masked woman between two masked men 

242 

mountebank images iv, 60, 66, 67, 68, 

70, 72, 74, 75, 81–2, 83 

origins 67 

Ortelius’s 72 

Pribil’s 68 

prints in and for 60, 67, 71 

quacks, image source 69 

Trades and Occupations 299 

Fries, Christian 133 

Friesen, Laurentius, Spiegel der artzney 

120 

Friesland, quacks in 129 

Frith, Mary ‘Moll’ 254, 255–6 

Fritzen, Eva Rosina 169 

Frölichin, Barbara 27 

Fuhrmann, Martin Heinrich 283 

Furst, Wolfgang 24, 26 

Gäbelkover, Oswald 140 

Gager, William 246 

Galen 171, 228 

Gallici, Johann Dominico 110 

Gallici twins 110 

Galloway, David 109, 255 

Galt, Jeronimo 106 

Gambaccini, Piero 114, 150, 164, 184, 

212 

Gambacorta, Caterina 165 

Gambelli, Delia 200 

García García, Bernardo José 243 

Garrick, David 124fn30 

Gärtner, Theodor 158 

Garway, Mrs 144

Garzoni, Tomaso 157, 216–17 

La Piazza Universale 74, 93, 96, 97fn37, 

121fn12, 158, 207, 216–17, 263 

The Hospitall 106, 121fn10 

Gassot, Nicole 197 

Gaule, John, The Mag-Astro-Mancer 100 

Gaywood, R., The harpsichordist Barbara 

Urslerin 3 

Gellifus, Gellius, see Jolly 

Gellye, Radulphus 275 

Gelosi, see under troupes 

Gentilcore, David 5, 81, 98, 100, 101, 125, 

148, 165 

Gentili, Alberico 246 

Ghent, performers in 101, 276 

Gibson, Richard 251fn29 

Gilder, Rosamond 26, 28, 199, 206, 275 

Gillot, Claude 223fn9 

Gillot, Jacques 223 

Glaser, Clauß, wife of 110 

Glaser (or Flaser), Fritz, daughter of 24–6 

Glasse, Hannah, The Art of Cookery 

141–2 

Glasse, James 98 

Glissenti, Fabio, Discorsi Morali 204, 214, 

215–16 

Gloucestershire, healers and performers in 

and of 144, 206 

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang 

Faust 98fn44 

‘Wilhelm Meisters theatralische 

Sendung’ 261 

Golius, Theophilus 179 

Goltschmid, Jochum 24, 26 

Goltschmid, Ludl Jan 24, 26 

Goltzius, Julius, Venetian Magnifico, 

Courtesan and Zanni 235, 239, 241 

Gonzaga, Francesco 208 

Gordan, Madam 89 

Gori, Domenico, ‘Trattato contro alle 

commedie lascive’ 213 

Gosnell, Winifred 258 

Gosson, Stephen, Schoole of Abuse 

121fn12, 250 

Göttner, Anna Ernestina 278 

Göttner, Johann Georg 278 

Gottsched, Johann Christoph 261, 265 

Goulet, The ‘Hungarian Twins’ 111 

Index 345 

Gratiano, see under stock roles 

Graz, John Green (actor) in 268 

Greca, Caterina Cattani 125 

Greco-Kaufmann, Heidy 147 

Green, John (actor), troupe 268, 270, 272 

Green, John (writer), A Refvtation of the 

Apology for Actors 246fn17, 270fn12, 

292fn28 

Greene, Josua de 5, 8 

Greenfield, John, A Compleat Treatise of 

the Stone 120fn5 

Greenfield, Peter 206 

Greer, Germaine 170 

Greg, Walter W. 271 

Grenoble 

Passion 27 

quacks from 287 

Grimmelshausen, Hans 1, 92, 123, 162, 

185 

Continuatio 93fn20, 158, 159 

Courasche 100–101 

Gauckel-Tasche 93 fn20 

Simplicissimus Teutsch 74fn4, 93fn20, 

126, 130, 158, 191 

Vogelnest II 159 

Groningen, quacks in 129 

Grünthaler, Erhard, friendship album iv 

Gryphius, Andreas, Absurda comica 

296fn36 

Gstach, Ruth 277 

Guagnano, healers in 148 

Guarini, Giambattista, L’idropica 208 

Guarinonius, Hippolytus 221–9 

melancholia 227–8 

on quacks 224, 225, 228 

works 

Grewel (incl lazzi descriptions) 37, 

74fn8, 84fn22, 121fn10, 138–9, 

178, 190, 221, 223–8 

In memoria aeterna 224fn11 

Pestilentz Guardien 37, 227 

Günther, Johann Friedrich, wife of 107 

Gurtner, Kuno 285 

Gwyn, Eleanor “Nell” 260 

gypsies and fortune telling 186 

Church and municipal opposition 101 

costume 79, 81, 101, 241, 243 

as carnival mask 220


depicted 64, 100–101, 102–3, 214, 238 

fortune-telling and palmistry 9, 64, 

100–101, 102, 103, 120, 146–9, 154, 

155fn14, 214, 224, 225, 255–6 

and healthcare 100, 135, 142–3, 191 

literary and stage 100–101, 208 

Haacke, Johann Caspar 265, 282 

Hagenest, Christian 169 

Hague, The 

actors in 263, 271–2 

depictions of and in 77, 193 

Haines, Joseph 124 

handbill 166–7 

wife 166–7 

haircare, see medical and cosmetic 


‘hairy Maid’, see Urslerin 

Hakewill, George, The Vanitie of the Eie 

245 

Hales, Mrs Stephen’s Medicines 150fn67 

Hall (Swabia), quacks from 165 

Hall (Tyrol) 

healers in 224–5 

religious stage 30–31, 39 

Hamburg 

Fair 110, 119, 135, 168, 280, 282 

Guild regulations for performers 12, 14 

images in 279 

itinerant performers and healers in and 

of 128–9, 168, 191, 265, 281 

Hammer, Carl 33, 42 

Hammes, Fritz 42, 157 

Hampe, Theodor 4, 89, 101, 109, 110, 123, 

279, 287 

handbills and playbills 17, 120, 141, 

179–80, 188–90 

Andreson 128 

Bodenburg 165–6, 182, 183, 189–90 

as documentary source 61 

Dupont 146 

Eisenbarth 128, 168–9, 179, 188 

foreign allusions in 127 

Gordan 89 

Haines 124, 166–7 

Hummel 167 

‘Innsbruck Comedians’ 277–8 

Jolly 277 

Kern 188 

Kessling 128, 180 

Kohn 280 

Kriegsman 128, 180, 189–90 

literary and stage 126, 128, 153, 156, 

161, 188–90, 291–2 

literary conventions of 82 

Louvain, Gentleman from 173 

Louys 128–9, 165 

Maris 173 

Meyer, H and J P 128–9, 165, 190 

Nitner 133 

Norridge 164 

Palm 128 

promotional aims of 87, 123 

Reithinger 128 

and religious stage 42 

Rudolphi 188, 190 

Schmidt 130, 188 

Schreiber 180 

Searl 164 

Senfft 127–8, 189 

Stothard 173 

Victor 179, 190 

Wilmot (Bendo) 153–4, 170–72, 188 

Winter 229 

wives, noted as healers in 165–6 

‘Zanini’ 128 

see also quacks, harangues and 

monologues 

handkerchief see audience 

Hanssen, Anna Catharina 272, 273 

Hanswurst see under stock roles 

harangues, see under quacks 

Harlequin, see under stock roles 

Harris, Walter, Pharmacologia 

Anti-empirica 97, 98fn38 

Harsnett, Samuel, A Declaration 99–100, 

210 

Hart, James, The Anatomie of Vrines 144 

Hartl, Eduard 45 

Harvey, Gideon, The Disease of London 

141 

Harvey, John, A Discovrsive Probleme 

209–10 

Harvey, Sambelain 277 

Harvy, Lady 259 

Hastaba, Ellen 34

Hattori, Natsu 155, 217 

Haymarket Theatre, see under London 

Haxel, Heinrich 160 

healers 

apothecaries 

avoidance of ‘quackery’ 123 

containers 46–7, 48, 159 

depicted 176 

legislation and licensing 120, 138, 143, 

164, 166 

named 56, 99, 130, 142–3 

rivalry with physicians 89, 126, 139, 

177–8 

rivalry with quacks 130, 280 

stage and literary 89, 93, 127–8, 149, 

151, 155, 164, 290 

supplying quacks 124 

widows of 164 

astrologer 119, 144, 149, 156, 166, 225, 

243 

dental surgeons, tooth-drawers 63, 

120, 125, 137–8, 166, 168, 177–83, 

87–92, 263, 280 

entertainers 63 

handbill 179–80, 182 

images 4, 7, 41, 46–7, 56, 62–3, 64–5, 

89, 91, 136, 176, 193–4, 195, 

200–201, 225, 297, 299 

literary and stage 104, 112, 151–2, 

183, 187–92, 290 

as medical professionals 179 

publications by 178–9 

wearing or displaying teeth 41, 46–7, 

87, 176, 181, 187, 194, 195, 299 

women 183–92, 193–4, 195 

herb-seller, see medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products (herbs) 

herniotomist, lithotomist 42, 89, 121, 

143, 168–9, 178–9, 181, 185, 284, 287 

midwife 89, 128, 224, 251fn27 

alcoholic and garrulous 143, 225 

criticism of by physicians 136–7, 141 

female healthcare, general 9 

in London and Vienna 177 

quacks, assisting 10, 144 

stage 147, 149, 156 

nurse 

childcare 9 

Index 347 

and misbirths 89 

number, London 177 

physicians, assisting 139, 141, 177 

quacks, assisting 10, 144 

stage 89, 155, 235 

wetnursing 9, 178 

oculist, ophthalmologist 88–9, 135, 139, 

165–6, 168–9, 178–80, 185, 280, 290 

operator 125, 129, 156, 165–7, 180, 280, 

284 

physician, doctor 

case notes 9, 146 

costume 79–82, 85 

depicted 134, 176, 199–200 

doctoress, ‘Lady Doctor’ 137, 141–2 

education of 177 

and female healers 

employment of 143 

opposition to 134, 135–43 

praise for 140–41, 150 

physical examination of performers 

4 

and quacks 80, 180 

assisted by 128 

avoidance of ‘quackery’ 123–4, 132, 

171–2 

legislation and licensing of 97, 120, 

137–8, 166, 178 

opposition to 5, 9, 14, 40, 74, 89, 

93, 120, 124–6, 130, 137–8, 143, 

178, 185, 187, 189, 191, 209–10, 

219, 224–5, 280 

toleration of 120 

stage and literary 23, 25, 30–31, 33, 

40, 42–3, 120, 123, 139–40, 147, 

149, 155–7, 160–61, 199 

and surgeons 14 

wives and widows of 160–61, 163–4 

snake-catcher, snake-charmer, Pauliani 

46–7, 48, 60, 62, 87, 92–3, 94, 96–8, 

105, 119, 130, 131, 159, 287 

surgeons, barber surgeons 124, 180, 188, 

286 

female 139, 143, 164 

itinerant 99, 167–8, 179, 287 

legislation and licensing 97, 138, 164, 

177 

in London and Vienna 143, 177


military 128, 180 

rivalry with physicians 177–9 

rivalry with, criticism of, quacks 14, 

30, 189 

stage and literary 155, 183, 185 

wise women, ‘old wives’ 

economy of speech 149 

healthcare activities 133, 136–9, 141, 

143, 146–7, 225 

literary and stage 146–8, 152, 156 

use of veils and screens 137 

women healers 2, 135–50 

career options 135 

depicted 134 

lone 144, 146–7, 160–61, 163–5 

marginalized 5, 9–10, 18, 133, 138–43 

worm-purger 185–6, 190, 192 

see also itinerant performers and 

healers; medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products; medical 

and cosmetic services, patients and 

conditions 

Heidemann, Conrades 272 

Heinigke, Catharina Elisabetha 168, 169 

Heintz, J., A Mountebank Stage on the 

Piazza San Marco 232 

Heinzel, Richard 45, 54, 56 

Heitmüller, Ferdinand 278 

Henke, Robert 78, 84, 112, 114, 209 

Henker, Michael 51 

Henri III, King of France 207 

Henrietta Maria, Queen 11, 251–2, 259 

Henry IV, King of England 163 

Henry VIII, King of England 142 

Henslowe, Agnes 271 

Henslowe, Philip 271 

Herbert, Edward, Occasional Verses, 

‘Satyra Secunda’ 211–12 

Herbichin, Eleonora 280 

herbs, see medical and cosmetic 


herniotomy, see medical and cosmetic 

services, patients and conditions 

Herrad of Landsberg, Hortus Deliciarum 

33–4 

herring, see carnival 

Herring, Francis 139 

Heßelmann, Peter 101 

Heywood, John, ‘The Play Called the Four 

PP’ 127, 151–2, 156 

Heywood, Thomas 

An Apology for Actors 245–6, 250, 

269–70 

Hogs caracter 210 

Wise-woman of Hogsdon 146–8, 156 

Hicks, T., A Compleat Treatise of Urines 

120 

Hieke, Karl 110, 128, 168–9, 179, 188 

Hildegard of Bingen 27 

Ordo Virtutum, possible participation 28 

Hill, Brian150 

Himantomus, Johann Günther, 

Harn=Kunst und Quacksalberey 

74fn4, 80fn6, 87fn2, 89fn10, 93, 130, 

189 

histrioni, see actors 

Hoffmann, Carl Ludwig 265 

Hofmann, Anna 278 

Hofmann, Johann Christian 278 

Hofmann, Johann Ernst 277 

Hofmann, Sibylla Juliana 278 

Hofmann, Ursula, see Cärer 

Hogarth, William 

Southwark Fair 89, 248, 250 

Strolling Actresses Dressing in a Barn 

249, 250 

Hogendoorn, Wiebe 262, 265, 269, 283 

Holbein, Hans (the Younger), Bilder des 

Todes 216fn3 

Holl, Karl 35, 42 

Holländer, Eugen 4, 109 

Holloway, John 109 

Hoppe, Harry R. 275, 276 

Hörnigk, Ludwig von 

Medicaster Apella 79–80, 124fn28, 

132fn69, 137, 187fn24 

Politia medica 89, 100, 132fn69, 

179fn13, 225fn16 

Hôtel de Bourgogne, see Paris 

Hov, Live 11, 212, 213 

Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton, A 

Defensatiue 209 

Howard, Sir Robert 140 

Howe, Alan 272 

Howe, Elizabeth 252, 256, 257, 258, 261, 

293

Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim, Passion plays 

27 

Hüber, Johann Christian 110, 280 

Hughes, Charles 9fn9 

Hulfeld, Stefan 129 

Humeaul, Jacques 88 

Hummel, Christoph, handbill 167 

Hummel, Johann Christoff 168 

Hummelen, W.M.H. 63, 78 

‘Hungarian Sisters’, see Cett 

Hus, John, Tractatus de precatione Dei 34 

improvisation, see under performance 

Inamorata, see under stock roles 

Ingolstadt, performers and healers from 

and in 29, 280 

Ingram, Reginald W. 255 

Innsbruck 

court 277 

documents in 223–5, 228 

‘Innsbruck Comedians’ 277, 278 


from 168–9, 278 

religious play 40 

intermedi, see under music 

Interregnum, see under London 

Ipocras, see under religious stage 

(merchant scene) 

Irsigler, Franz 101, 183 

Isham, Elizabeth 142 

Istanbul, quacks from and in 125–6, 129 

itinerant performers and healers 1–19, 125 

costume 79–81 

couples and widows cover, 7, 17–19, 

160, 163–70, 172–3, 193, 279, 

282–3, 299 

definition 5n7 

depictions cover, iv, 7, 13, 41, 44, 46–7, 

60, 62–3, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 75, 82, 

83, 90, 91, 94, 105, 113, 145, 214, 

299 

establishment attacks on 14, 120, 133 

foreign allusions 125–30 

friendship books, image source 69 

jargon 121, 126 

licences 2, 5, 92, 97, 99, 101, 106–7, 110, 

120, 135, 163–4, 168, 177, 183, 208, 

212, 255, 276, 280, 282–3 

Index 349 

certificates 6, 7, 41, 44, 64–5, 73–4, 80, 

87, 91, 129, 137, 145, 166–7, 176, 

280, 287, 299 

civic licensing authorities, magistrates 

2, 12, 101, 106, 107, 112, 129, 

136, 149, 165, 217, 246, 250, 267, 

276, 282, 289 

requirements 2, 12, 267–8 

supplications for 88, 106, 112, 125, 163, 

197, 267–8, 270–72, 277, 279, 282 

unsuccessful 12, 101, 165, 272, 

282–3 

unlicenced practitioners, performers 

135, 138, 142, 165 

literary and stage 81, 84, 92, 112, 151–62 

on religious stage 33–40, 42–3 

loud voices 190 

marketing methods 8, 122 

medicine chests iv, 65–6, 68, 70, 73–4, 

75, 82, 83, 97, 105, 113, 131, 151, 

214, 232 

baskets, etc 72, 94, 102, 121 

products 

criticism of 126–7 

fake 124 

printed 121–2 

see also medical and cosmetic 


Prussia, prohibition 169 

sedentary rivals 

blurring of boundaries with 125, 180, 

189 

economic threat to 8, 14, 30, 79, 120, 

158, 219, 268, 285 

sources 

iconographic 61 

textual 61 

in theatre history 8 

theology students 35 

ubiquity 74 

women banned 212 

women, documentation of 5, 135–6, 

163, 270 

see also actors and actresses; charlatans; 

healers; mountebanks; pedlars; 

quacks 

Jack Pudding, see under stock roles

350 Women, Medicine and Theatre 1500–1750 

Jacob, Fleury 199 

Jacobin, Maria Dorothea 135 

Jakobson, Roman 34 

Jägerdorf und Troppau, Eleanore Maria 

Rosalia von 140 

Jakens, Claire 84, 96, 104, 121, 152 

James I and II, Kings, of England 251 

Janetzky, Anna Lisa 282 

Janetzky, Christian 282 

Janota, Johannes 30, 40, 42 

Jermyn, Henry 259 

Jerusalem, temple, depicted 45, 46, 49, 50, 

52, 55, 57 

Jesuits 16, 112 

school plays 14, 228 

Jews 

healers 79, 137 

performers 287 

stage 155, 157 

Joan of Lee 163 

John Posset, see under stock roles (Jean 

Potage) 

Johnston, Alexandra F. 50 

Jolly, George 262, 269, 275–8, 282, 290 

Jones, Colin 125, 177, 179, 183 

Jones, Dr George 165 

Jones, Harris 270–71 

Jones, Inigo 

Britannia Trivmphans (co-author) 

84fn21 

depictions of quacks 82 

Jones, Jane Sijburch, see Reynolds, Jane 

Jones, John, Preseruing Bodie and Soule 

143 

Jones, Richard 270, 271 

Jones, T., harangue of 124 

Jonson, Ben 211 

Every Man in his Humor 96 

Every Man Ovt of his Hvmor 148fn60 

Seianvs 123–4fn27 

The Alchemist 156 

The Silent Woman 258 


Volpone 73fn1, 74fn4, 78, 80, 104, 121, 

140, 152–5, 170, 209–10 

Jordan, Anna 144 

Joubert, Laurent, Erreurs populaires 141, 

191fn48 

jugglers, see performance 

Jurina, Kitti 62, 81, 166, 179 

Jütte, Robert 16 

Kalbergen, Dirk 262 

Kalbergen, Elisabeth 262 

Kämpfen, Susanna 135 

Katherine of Sutton, Visitatio 28 

Kaysersberg, Johannes Geiler von 137, 190 

Keller, Adelbert von 33, 42 

Kemp, Carl Christian 135 

Kemp, William 210 

Kempten, performers from 2, 3 

Kennix, Margaret 133 

Kern, Johann Tobias Joseph 188, 280 

Kerner, Arnold, Iesus Balsamus vegetabilis 

133 

Kerr, Rosalind 152 

Kerwin, William Joseph 133, 155 

Kessling, Johann 128 

dental care 180 

kidney stones, see under medical and 

cosmetic services 

Killigrew, Charles 276 

Killigrew, Robert 259 

Killigrew, Thomas 

at court 259 

‘The Parsons Wedding’ (see also Pepys) 

140fn25, 259–60 

patent holder 76, 257, 276 

tennis court theatre 76 

‘Thomaso’ 97, 148, 152–4, 156, 170 

Kindermann, Heinz 35, 55, 268 

King, Roger 5, 62–3, 124–5, 179, 188–9 

Kinzelbach, Annemarie 135 

Kirke, Anne 259 

Kitching, Laurence 88 

Klairmont-Lingo, Alison 81, 139, 163, 195 

Kleinschmidt, Erich 136 

Knauer, M.F. 166 

Knepp, Mrs 167, 260 

Knepper, J. 81, 101 

Knight, Mrs 260 

Koblenz, quacks in 168 

Koch, Ulrich, Susanna 28 

Kohn, Johann Balthasar Carl 280 

Königsberg (Kaliningrad), actors in 283 

Korda, Natasha 256, 271

Kossmann, E.F. 262, 263 

Kotelmann, Ludwig 137, 190 

Kramer, Hans, wife of 24, 26 

Krämer, Jörg 285, 288 

Kramerin, Endl 24, 26 

Kriegsman, Johannes 128 

dental care 180, 190 

handbill 128, 189, 190 

Kröll, Katrin 8, 88, 93, 114, 125, 197, 287 

Krumau, performers in 278 

Kühbacher, Norbert 27fn5 

Kuhlmann, Anna Barbara 282 

Kuhlmann, Jacob 282 

Kuhnau, Johann 158, 162, 184 

musical career 184 

works 

Der musicalische Qvack=Salber 

184–8, 190–92 

Der Schmid 120fn9, 139, 147, 159, 

184, 187 

Fünf Sinnen 159, 184–5 

Kurtz, Johann Georg 166 

Kynaston, Edward 257–8 

Lacy, John, The Dumb Lady 89, 155fn14 

Lallemand, Jean-Baptiste, The Toothdrawer 

65 

Lanck, Hans 104 

Lanck sisters 101, 104 

Landgraf, Johann Augustin 165 

Landshut, see Paduano 

Laroon, Marcellus, Cryes 121–2, 157, 

216 

‘The Famous Dutchwoman’ 247, 250 

Lassotta, Arnold 101, 183 

laughter 

and folly 35, 227, 290 

involuntary 226, 228, 291 

ritual 34 

role 5, 36 

of spectators 16, 82, 104, 144, 182, 222, 

292 

therapeutic 35–6, 88 

lazzi, see under commedia dell’arte 

le Blond, Nicolas 199 

Le Grand Thomas 125 

le Messier, Judicq 197 

le Messier, Pierre 197 

Index 351 

Lea, K.M. 78, 84, 97, 106, 109, 155, 

209–10, 217, 223 

Lebègue, Raymond 196, 200, 223 

Lefebvre, Matthieu 199 

Legendre, Isabel 275 

Lehmann, Dorothea Magdalena 169 

Leiden, actors in 263 

Leik, Angelika 200 

Leipzig 

Fairs 5, 92, 106–7, 109–10, 119, 127, 

183, 185, 279–80, 282 

Mingottis’ theatre 280 

music 185 

performers and writers from and in 165, 

184–5 

theriac from 130 

Leonardis, Giacomo, The Charlatan 

Troupe (after Tiepolo) 91 

Lepusculus, Sebastian, daughters of 28 

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Hamburgische 

Dramaturgie 261fn32 

‘Lily the Pink’ see Pinkham, Lydia Estes 

Limoges, Sponsus 38–40, 43 

Limon, Jerzy 271, 276, 277 

Lindemann, Mary 5 

Lindow, Wolfgang, Dil Ulenspiegel 29fn10, 

34fn6, 287fn13 

Lingo, Alison, see Klairmont-Lingo 

Linke, Hansjürgen 26, 31, 33, 35, 38, 125 

Lipphardt, Walther 38 

lithotomists, see under healers 

(herniotomist, lithotomist) 

London: 

Bartholomew Fair 250–51, 255 

Christ’s Hospital 143 

cosmetics 122 

court performances 251, 259 

depictions in and of 3, 7, 15, 64, 70, 72, 

105, 145, 232, 237–8, 247–9, 284 

documents in 73, 78, 84, 104, 121, 144, 

156, 164, 173, 211, 229 


Master of the Revels 276 

medical supplies to and from 133, 144 

Mist’s Weekly Journal 294fn33 

performers and spectacle in and from 4, 

106, 109–10, 119, 250, 255–6 

actresses before 1642 212


British actors from and in 256–61, 

270–71, 275–6 

foreign actors 208, 280–81, 294 

quacks and pedlars in and from 84, 89, 

97, 144, 157, 165–6, 173, 180, 209, 

281 

Wilmot’s Bendo episode 169–72 

Restoration (1660) 11, 153, 208, 251, 

257, 263, 276 

Royal College of Physicians 133, 138 

Royal College of Surgeons 142 

Royal Society 150, 258 

Southwark Fair 89, 106, 109, 248, 250 

theatres 

actresses banned before 1642 11, 

255 

church opposition and antitheatricalism 

211, 246, 251–2 

closure (Interregnum, 1642–1660) 11, 

246, 252, 255–6 

Covent Garden 97, 258 

Fortune Theatre 254, 256 

Haymarket Theatre 106 

King’s Players 257, 259–61 

Lincoln’s Inn Fields 76, 106, 261 

Duke of York’s Players 257–8, 

261 

patent holders, see Davenant, 

Killigrew 

Restoration stage 152–3, 251, 257–61 

semi-private 256 

tennis court 76 

Lonsdale, Dame Kathleen 258fn15 

López de Ubeda, Francisco, La pícara 

Justina 157 

Lorraine, see Beatrix; Christine 

Loudune, nuns of 100 

loup, see under costume (masks) 

Louvain, quacks from 173 

Louys, Jacob 128, 165 

Lucca, performers in 27, 211 

Lucerne 

quacks in 280 

religious stage 26, 39, 45, 56 

Lupino family 106 

Lupino, Georgina 106 

Lusini, Caterina 208fn16 

Luther, Martin, Fastenpostille 34 

Lyly, John, Mother Bombie 148, 156 

Lyon, charlatan in 99 

McClure, George W. 216 

McManus, Clare 251 

MacNeil, Anne, 207–8, 235 

Mabille, Jeanne 138 

Madrid 

actors in 208–9 

literary setting 153, 188 

Maffei, Scipio 212 

magicians, see under performance and 

spectacle (jugglers and magicians) 

Mâle, Emile 50 

Mangoldt, Marx 268 

Mansfeld, Dorothea von 140 

Mantua, 

decrees 122, 217 

Palazzo del Te 62 

performers in and from 74, 207–9, 

228–9 

see also Martinelli; Romano; Scoto 

Margherita of Savoy 208 

Maria Magdalena, Archduchess of 

Habsburg 268 

Mariani, Mlle 12 

Maris, Elizabeth 173 

Maris, Peter 173 

Markham, Gervase 

Herod and Antipater (co-author) 155 

The English Huswife 139fn19 

Marks, Jonathan 114, 164 

Marlowe, Christopher, Dr Faustus 98 

Marsh, A., The Ten Pleasures of Marriage 

141 

Marston, John 210 

Iacke Drums Entertainment 156fn24, 

228fn27 

‘Satyre X’ 210fn25 

Martinelli, Antonio 108, 109 

Martinelli, Caterina 208 

Martinelli, Drusiano 208, 210 

Martinelli, Tristano “Arlecchino” 74, 

122fn16, 198, 200, 208–10, 217fn10, 

276 

Martino, Alberto 226 

Martius, Friedrich 169 

Marvell, Andrew, ‘To his worthy friend

Dr Wittie’ 140 

Mary of Modena 251 

Mary, Antonio Camillo 129 

masks, see under costume 

Massaria, Alessandro 227 

Massinger, Philip, The Beggar’s Bush 

(co-author) 257 

Master of the Revels 276 

mastickár, see under religious stage 

(merchant scene) 

Mathews, Anne 164 

Matthews, Leslie 97, 106, 133, 165 

Matthioli, Pietro Andrea 92–3, 97 

I Discorsi 93 

Mazarin, Cardinal 112 

mazarinade (1649) 112, 122 

medical and cosmetic ingredients and 

products 

Album græcum 140 

alcohol, 141–2, 150, 176, 224–5 

amber oil 180 

amulets 9, 132, 135, 139, 144, 146, 151, 

152 

anodyne necklace 144 

antidotes 93, 96–7, 121, 124, 129–30, 

132–3 

terra sigillata 93, 133 

antimony 121, 224fn13 

Aquam saphiricam 189 

‘Atavan’ 287 

balm, balsam, wound and burn 

ointments 97, 106, 112, 122–4, 126, 

129–30, 154, 159, 165, 179–80 

‘Balsamick styptick’ 123 

Balsami vitæ 130, 188 

Balsamum mundi 185 

Balsamum sulphuris compositum 189 

‘Jesus vegetable balsam’ 133 

‘War balm’ 119 

bezoar stone 130, 132, 133 

coffee 144, 153 

coral 133, 191 

Emplastrum Corallum 168 

cosmetics 1, 69, 121–3, 128–9, 135, 

139–40, 166–7, 180, 190, 222 

and dental care 190 

literary and stage 42, 122–3, 152, 154, 

170, 190 


‘Cowards’ comfort’ 154, 186 

‘Croilus’ 287 

‘Dafyes Elixir’ 142 

dental products 63, 178–81, 182, 183, 

189 

false teeth 157, 179, 181 

powders 122–3, 128, 135, 167, 178–80, 

187–8, 190–91 

toothbrush 188 

distribution networks for 144 

dragon water 121 

drugs 9, 16, 97, 121–2, 151–2, 156, 164, 

178–9 

Electuarium vite 126 

Elettuario Grimaldi 164 

Elixir Fiorauantyne 121 

Elixir Proprietatis 144 

Elixir Salutis 142 

eyeglasses 46–7, 121, 176 

‘Famous Pills’ 164 

Flux Neptha 127–8, 189 

‘Friendly Pills’ 124, 165 

‘Gerovital H-3’ 150 

green-salve 140 

hair products 42, 71, 123, 128, 153, 

166–7, 190 

hartshorn 133, 191 

herbs 23, 88, 121, 130, 132, 135, 137–8, 

147, 156, 161, 165, 186, 280, 290 

Angelica 129–30 

Cowslip water 121 

Lapidis alchimiæ 179, 190 

literary and stage 23, 88, 121, 147, 156, 

161, 186, 290 

Love potions, literary and stage 132, 

154–6, 170–71 

Medicinal de Germania 129 

medicine chests, see itinerants 

Miraculum mundi 180 

mithridate 121, 126, 130 

mummia, mummy 132 

Oglio del Scoto 121 

‘Oil of the Sun’ 165 

Oleum Benedictum 126, 128 

Oleum Sanctum 126 

Oleum Virtutum 126 

Opiate 167 

Orviétan 164


panacea 97, 129, 144, 224–5 

Panacea catholica 188, 190 

pearl 126–7, 191 

perfume 122–4, 229 

phoenix 132, 151, 186 

Pilgrims’ salve 97 

Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound 150 

plasters 121–2, 124, 126, 144, 166–8, 189 

Emplastrum miraculosum 166 

pomatum 122–3, 166 

powders 73–4, 106, 122–3, 126, 128, 141, 

179, 192, 210 

Arabian, Cyprus 128 

literary and stage 122, 153–4 

see also under dental products 

purgative 124, 138, 144, 146, 169, 185 

rhubarb 126–7, 130, 142 

St John’s Wort oil 128 

skin products 123, 152–3, 166–7, 171, 190 

snake meat 93, 98, 130 

soap 121–3, 126, 166–7, 190–91, 226 

spices 23, 37–9, 128, 130, 164, 189 

Spiritus Mundi 133 

syrups 138, 141 

theriac (treacle) 62, 73, 80, 96, 126–7, 

129, 130, 133, 137, 143, 151, 159, 

176, 178–9, 181, 190, 287 

tinctures 139, 157 

‘Tinctur of the sun’ 165 

Tinctura Solaris 188 

truss 121, 135 

unguents 23, 38, 42, 121–2, 126, 140, 

152, 192 

unicorn horn 130, 132–3 

Usnea 132 

vermifuge 87, 126, 139, 144, 179 

medical and cosmetic services, patients 

and conditions 

abortions 136, 142, 147 

ache, headache 129, 139, 148, 179 

bad breath 167, 171, 179–80, 183, 188, 

190 

bashful women, referred to quack’s wife 

165–6, 169, 172 

cataracts 121, 287 

conjoined twins, see performance 

counselling 9, 42, 147, 150 

deafness 164 

dental care see under healers (dental 

healers); medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products (dental 

products) 

dream and mole interpretation 148, 

172–3 

fever 133, 148, 159, 283 

green sickness 171 

herniotomy, see healers 

hypertrichosis, see Urslerin 

infertility 144, 146, 165, 169, 171–2 

kidney stones, cure 149–50 

matchmaking 147, 149 

melancholia 63, 159, 227–8 

occult healing 9, 132, 153 

pest control (fleas, rats, etc) 176, 179 

placebo effect 130, 150, 225 

plague 14, 28, 126, 141, 184, 224 

raising of the dead 87, 97, 99, 154, 

185–6 

smallpox 141, 171 

urine diagnosis 138, 169 

depictions 7, 82, 143, 145, 176, 297 

female practitioners and assistants 45, 

120, 138, 143, 169 

performative 89 

stage and literary 35, 42, 44, 45, 48, 

146–9, 155 

vessels 46–7, 48, 145 

venereal disease, ‘French pox’ 121, 124, 

132, 171 

wound healing 42, 97, 124, 130, 135, 

154, 168, 185 

see also healers; medical and cosmetic 


medical establishment 10, 14, 88, 89, 121, 

133, 141, 149, 155, 258fn15; see also 

healers 

Medici, Ferdinando I de’ 207, 235 

Medici, Ferdinando II de’ 212 

medicine and theatre 2, 99, 119 

overlap 63, 279–80 

performative marketing 1, 87 

medieval drama, see religious stage 

Medina, Josefa 107 

Medio, Tommaso, Epirota 96, 121 

Meissner, Johannes 92, 268, 271 

Memling, Hans, Passion of Christ 55, 57 

Memmingen, itinerant performers and 

healers in 110, 280

Menninger, Johann Matthias 281 

merchant scene, Mercator, see under 

religious stage 

Mercurio, Scipione, Errori populari 79, 

84fn22, 114, 123fn24, 129, 132–3, 141, 

178fn7, 209fn19 

Merian, Margareta 28 

Merry Andrew, see under stock roles 

Metz, Mystère de Sainte Catherine 27 

Meyer, Hermann and wife 129, 165, 190 

Meyer, Johann Paul 128, 129 

Meyer, Wilhelm 39 

Michael, Wolfgang F. 30, 54, 56, 58 

Middleton, Thomas 

The Roaring Girle (co-author) 164, 254, 

256 


midwife, see under healers 

Milan 

licensing regulations 114, 217 

performers in 4 

stage quacks in 40 

Milentz, Christina 106 

Milton, John, An Apology 252 

Mingotti, Angelo 280 

Mingotti, Pietro 280fn25 

Mingotti, Regina 280fn25 

Mist’s Weekly Journal, see under London 

Moders (Carleton), Mary 258–9 

Möhrmann, Renate 283 

Mohun, Michael 257 

Molinari, Cesare 55 

Mondor 112, 113, 114 

‘Il Monferino’ 99, 228 

Monk, James 164 

monkeys, see under performance and 

spectacle, animals 

Mons Passion (1501) 27 

monsters, monstrous births, see under 

performance and spectacle 

Montagu, Walter, Shepherd’s paradise 251 

Montaiglon, Anatole de 96 

Monteverdi, Claudio, Arianna 208 

Moryson, Fynes, Itinerary 9, 12, 73, 74, 

78, 80, 84, 93, 114, 129, 181, 211, 243, 

269 

Moser, Heinz 224 

Mossock, Ann 255 


mountebanks 8–10, 61–115 

Cavendish on 1, 8–19 

Coryat on 96 

early modern usage 97, 124, 143–4, 146, 

210 

Evelyn on 97, 99, 125 

licence-holder 276 

literary and stage 81, 100, 153, 155 

meaning 5n7, 62 

Moryson on 74, 80, 114 

Oberndorf on 80 

Rastell on 104 

Whetstone on 17, 96, 229 

see also actors and actresses; 

itinerant performers and healers; 

performance and spectacle; stages 

and venues; troupes 

Mueller, Joseph Ferdinand 265 

Muir, Lynette 26, 38 

Mülder, J.J. 276 

mummy, see medical and cosmetic 


Mundy, Peter 107 

Munich 

images and documents in 55, 60, 106, 

109, 280 

performers in and from 107, 279–80, 

282 

at court 262, 281 

Muri Easter Play 30–31, 38 

music 

castrati 212, 262 

and the church 14, 28 

and education of girls 260 

English troupes 269, 277, 291–2 

German troupes 282 

instruments 69, 81, 88, 104, 112, 207, 

222, 260 

bagpipes 41, 90, 185, 248 

cello 77 

Colascione 104 

drum 248 

flute 77 

guitar 237 

harp 104, 105, 222 

harpsichord 2, 3, 212 

lute iv, 66, 83, 84, 104, 105, 185, 222, 

236–7, 239, 256


tambourine 90 

trumpet 180 

viola, violin, lira di braccia 60, 68, 72, 

75, 77, 94, 96, 102, 104, 220, 222 

wind 180 

intermedi 207–8 

mountebank music 81–2, 84, 88, 104, 

114, 181, 192, 222 

depicted iv, 6, 66, 68, 72, 75, 83, 94, 

102, 105 

opera 208, 212, 256, 258, 262, 280–81 

sinful 217 

therapeutic 88, 227–8 

see also performance and spectacle 

mystery plays, see religious stage 

Nagler, A.M. 51 

Nancy 

Quacks in 287 

St Barbe 27 

Naples, healers and legislation in and from 

120, 164, 229 

Narrenliteratur, see under folly and fools 

(folly literature) 

Narrenschiff, see Brant 

Naseli, Alberto 243 

Nash, Thomas 

Pierce penilesse 209 

The Vnfortvnate Traveller 210fn22 

Nelson, Alan H. 55, 252 

Neri del Fantasia, Filippo, troupe 280 

Neuber, Caroline (Weissenborn) 261, 

264–6, 281, 283 

Neuber, Johann 264–5 

Neumann, Bernd 26, 29, 50 

Neumeister, Mirjam 45, 62, 63 

Newall, Venetia 11fn15 

Newcastle, Duke of, see Cavendish 

Nicolini, Filippo 281 

Nicolini, Francis 106, 281 

Nicolini, Madelen 281 

Nicoll, Allardyce 26, 35, 39, 52 

Niedner, Helmut 31 

Niemeyer, Charles 195 

Nitner, Andreas 133 

Noozeman, Anna 263 

Noozeman, Gillis 262, 263 

Noozeman, Jan 263 

Noozeman, Maria 262 

Nordsieck, Reinhold 52, 55–6 

Norridge, Mrs 164 

Norton, Thomas 211 

Norwich, performers in 106, 109, 225 

Nuremberg, 

documents in 128, 188, 279 

itinerant performers in 101, 106, 109, 

268, 276, 279 

St Martha’s Church, performances in 

27, 211 

nurse, see under healers 

Oberndorf, Johann 

on mountebanks 80 

The Anatomyes 139fn17 

occult healing, see under medical and 


O’Day, Rosemary 163, 251 

Ogden, Dunbar H. 48, 52 

opera, see under music 

Orgel, Stephen 82, 84 

Origny St Benoîte, Ludus paschalis 27 

Ortelius, Sigmundus, friendship album, 

images 72 

‘Orvietano’, see under stock roles 

Ottonelli, Giovan Domenico, ‘Della 

Cristiana Moderazione del Teatro’ 

112, 135, 136fn3, 213, 215, 229 

Overbeck, Jacob 110 

Overbury, Thomas, Characters 100, 

138fn12, 143fn36, 163fn1, 216fn6 

Ovid, Pyramus and Thisbe 296fn36 

Oxford 

documents in 9, 12, 62, 73–4, 77, 78, 80, 

84, 93, 107, 111, 113, 114, 129, 134, 

181, 211, 243, 254, 269 

Exeter College, student play at 252 

quacks in 97, 170 

Pader, Jorg 30 

Pader, Marx 25, 30 

Pader, Michael 30 

Pader, Plasy, daughter of 25, 26, 30 

Padua 

depictions 242 

performers in 76, 223, 225, 227–8 

physicians in 227 

Paduano, Alessandro, Inamorata and 

Zanni 230, 233

Paleotti, Gabriello, Cardinal, ‘Alcune 

ragioni’ 213 

Palm, W.F. 128 

palmistry, see under gypsies and fortune 

telling 

Paludan, J. 281, 282 

panacea, see medical and cosmetic 


Pandolfi, Vito 104, 121, 152, 207, 223 

Pantaleon, Heinrich, Zacheus 28 

Pantalone, see under stock roles 

Paris, 

Cavendish in 11 

Confrerie de la Passion 195–6, 199 

Hôtel de Bourgogne 112, 195–6, 199, 

200 

images in and of 103, 194, 198 

medical ingredients from 128, 130, 133 

performers and healers in and from 4, 

40, 92, 104, 112, 114, 125, 138, 164, 

177, 195–200, 211–12, 223, 272 

Pont Neuf, mountebanks on 125 

Royal College of Surgeons 92 

Park, Katharine 4, 62, 93, 107, 146, 164 

Parker, Triael 262 

Pasquati, Giulio 207 

Passion plays, see under religious stage 

pastoral plays, see under performance and 

spectacle 

patients and clients, see audiences; medical 

services 

Pauliani, see under healers (snake-catcher) 

Paullini, Christian Franz 189 

Paulsen, Anna 281 

Paulsen, Carl Andreas 281, 282 

Paulsen, Elisabeth 281 

Paumgartner, Balthasar, Briefwechsel 27, 

211, 268 

Payne, John 263 

Peadle, Jacob 270 

pedlars 4, 6, 13, 17, 23, 100, 106, 143, 151, 

157, 176, 179, 185, 190, 225, 238 

Pelling, Margaret 170 

Pellizzari, Isabella 208 

Pellizzari, Lucia 208 

Pepys, Samuel 110, 167, 257, 260–61 

on actresses 257–61 

Diary 4, 110, 256–61 


performance and spectacle 87–115 

acrobats, tumblers 12, 104, 106, 119, 

210, 228, 255, 268, 279 

bad reputation 250–51 

in Cavendish 1 

church condemnation 246, 250 

costume 79, 240, 250 

depicted 77, 88, 108, 109 

in Garzoni 216–17 

in Platter 76, 197, 222 

animals 92, 93, 96 

apes, baboons, monkeys iv, 2, 65, 77, 

80, 81, 91, 92, 114, 153, 158, 161, 

185, 236, 238, 249 

baiting 92 

bears 92 

camels and dromedaries 1, 92, 110 

crocodile 93, 96 

dogs 90, 92 

exceptional 115, 161, 251, 255, 282 

fleas 92 

lions 1, 89, 92 

lizard 93, 96, 98, 161 

marmot 92, 161, 185 

raven, burning (literary) 288 

snake, see healer 

spider 93, 98, 120, 156 

toad 89, 93, 156, 287 

anti-masque, masque 36, 82, 84, 251 

‘commercial breaks’ 5, 119, 120 

conjoined twins 107, 108, 109–10, 111 

dance and dancers 

in Beer 286 

in Cavendish 9, 11, 12 

and commedia dell’arte 205 

‘Dance of Death’ 216 

depicted 6, 13, 90, 

English troupes 268 

in Garzoni 216–17 

gypsies 100 

in intermedi of 1589 207 

on itinerant stages 9, 11–12, 76, 88, 

106, 112, 205, 222, 264, 281 

jig 153, 260–61 

in Laroon 121 

Papal opposition 212–13 

in Pepys 258, 260–61 

see also rope dancers


dangerous stunts 69, 87, 95, 96–100, 

284, 287 

decapitation 87, 95, 98, 222 

dwarfs 106, 110, 251, 280 

exorcism, exorcists 99–100, 137 

fortune telling, see gypsies and fortune 

telling 

giants 110 

horse-riding 101, 119 

improvisation 

actresses 213 

on amateur London stage 263 


stage fools 261, 294, 296–7 

see also commedia dell’arte; religious 

stage (merchant scene) 

jugglers and magicians 1, 10, 42, 87–8, 

98–101, 104, 107, 132, 137, 140, 

146–7, 156, 197, 209, 246, 282 

map of locations 22 

monsters, misbirths 89, 109 

pastoral plays 197, 216, 222, 251, 262, 

277 

pantomime 106, 114, 280–81, 292 

play within a play 30, 35, 159, 160, 210, 

252, 295–6 

puppets 65, 88, 93, 101, 125, 157, 261, 

279, 283 

rope dancing, tight and slack; “flying” 

in Beer 287–9 

Bernoin 99, 286–7 

Calabron 250 

in Cavendish 1 

Chiarini 119 

Church opposition 224, 246 

depictions 77, 247–8, 284 

Eckenbergin 279 

Eulenspiegel 287 

Fritzen 169 

Hüber 110 

Jewish 287 

in London 250–51, 276 

Mariani 12 

Milentz 106 

Nicolini 106 

in Norwich 106 

in Paris 112 

Saftry, ‘Famous Dutchwoman’ 247, 

250 

Violante 106 

in Zurich 246, 250 

strongmen and –women 106–7, 181, 279 

tennis 243 

see also stages 

see also actors and actresses; Carnival 

and Lent; commedia dell’arte; 

mountebanks; music; religious stage 

performance map 22 

performative 

marketing, medicine 1, 8, 87 

performative-medical spectrum 4, 8, 

115, 119 

techniques 5, 36 

perfumes, see under medical and cosmetic 


Pernell, Jane 164 

pest control, see under medical and 


Petrioli, Nicola, troupe 280 

Pfarrkircher, Lienhard 31 

Phialas, P.G. 97, 106 

physicians, see healers 

Pickelhering, see under stock roles 

Picot, Emile 35, 79, 88, 92, 121 

pictures, as historical evidence 45–58, 

61–9, 233 

Piercy, John 144 

Piisimi, Vittoria 207, 208, 217, 263, 275 

Pineda, Juan de, ‘Discorso’ 213 

Pinkham, Lydia Estes (‘Lily the Pink’) 

150fn67 

Pistorius, Gottfried 276 

placebo effect, see under medical and 


plasters, see under medical and cosmetic 


Platter, Felix, Felix Platter Tagebuch 28, 

56, 222 

Platter, Thomas I 222 

Platter, Thomas II, Thomas Platter 73–4, 

76, 78, 84, 92, 98, 122, 129, 136, 180, 

196–7, 200, 205, 221–3, 225, 229, 298 

Plattner, Sabine Elisabeth 184 

playbills, see handbills 

plot outlines, see commedia dell’arte 

(scenarios and plays) 

Plummer, Mrs 144 

‘Poccetti’ (Bernardino Barbatelli) 235

Pomata, Gianna 125, 146, 164 

pomatum, see under medical and cosmetic 


Ponteus, John 84, 97 

Ponti, Diana 212 

Porcacchi, Thomaso 207 

Portalupo, Giacomo 243 

Porter, Roy 5, 126, 150, 163 

Posset, John; Povtaige, Ian, see under stock 

roles (Jean Potage) 

powders, see under medical and cosmetic 


Poynting, Sarah 259 

Prague 

actors in 279–81 

documents in 66 

St George Convent, Visitatio sepulchri 

27 

St Vitus Cathedral 34 

Prato 


religious stage 27 

Primrose, James, Popular Errours 97, 

124fn29, 130, 132–3, 134, 140–41 

Prince of Wales’s Company 272, 276 

Printz, Wolfgang Caspar, ‘Autobiographie’ 

158, 181 

Prombli, Humphari 107 

prostitutes, see under actors and actresses 

(actresses) 

Prunius, Johann Heinrich 279 

Pruniussin, Anastasia 279 

Prynne, William, Histrio-Mastix 246, 250, 

251–2 

puppets, see under performance and 

spectacle 

purgatives, see under medical and cosmetic 


Puschmann, Claudia 282 

quackery, definition 5 

quacks, quacksalvers 8, 119–201 

in Adair 5, 142 

definitions 5, 8, 17, 137, 185, 192 

early modern usage 96, 106, 123–4 

harangues and monologues 

Anon, Harangues 124, 167, 172 

in Behn 154 


Il Ciarlone 152 

in Heywood 151–2 

in Jonson 104, 152 

in Killigrew 153 

in Kuhnau 187, 190, 192 

literary and stage 17, 35–7, 40, 42, 92, 

151, 153, 158 

parodied 36, 143 

in Platter 222 

in Weise 128, 161, 186 

in Overbury 138, 163 

in Ramesey 138, 144, 148, 256 

The character of a Quack-Doctor 10, 153 

In Whitlock 141, 143 

see also handbills; itinerant performers 

and healers; pedlars; stage and 

venues; troupes 

Quarles, Francis 256 

The Virgin Widow 148–9, 155–6 

Quast, Pieter Jansz, Quack Couple 

Treating a Patient 193 

Rabelais, François 1, 157 

Gargantua and Pantagruel 34, 100, 

148–9, 153, 159, 187 

Raber, Vigil 29 

Bozen Passion Play (1514) 23, 24–5, 28, 

33 

actresses 26, 29 

historiography 51–2 

interpretations 48, 50, 52, 54–6 

Judas role 29 

‘scenic clusters’ theory 54, 55, 58 

stage plan 48, 49, 50–58 

see also Bozen 

carnival plays 33 

Ludus Pascalis 30 

‘Rabers Passion’ 29 

merchant scene 31 

Zendprecherey 27 

widow of 29 

Rademin, Carl 279 

Rademin, Heinrich 278 

Rainolds, John, Th’overthrow of Stageplayes 

246 

Ramesey, William, Quack-astrologer 138, 

144, 148fn60, 256fn7 

Ramponi, Virginia 208


Ramsey, Matthew 119, 140, 163, 164 

Randolph, Thomas, Aristippvs 98fn44, 

133, 155fn14 

Rands, Thomas, Pax in Crumena, ‘The 

Quack’ 124fn30 

Ranke, Friedrich 31 

Rastell, John, The Third Booke 74fn4, 

76fn11, 78fn18, 79, 88, 104, 121fn14 

Ravenscroft, Edward 

Dame Dobson 149, 156 

Scaramouche a Philosopher 166 

Re, Emilio 206 

Recueil Fossard, see Stockholm 

rederijkerkamer, see Rhetoricans’ 

Chambers 

REED (Records of Early English Drama) 

50, 252fn32, 255fn3 

Regensburg 

and Beer 286–9 

Cathedral 289 

depictions of 284 

Gymnasium Poeticum 286 

performers and healers in and of 109, 

128, 168, 180, 281, 284, 286, 288–9 

Regnard, Julien 164 

Reithinger, Johann Georg 128 

religious stage, Easter and Passion mystery 

plays 

actresses in 23–9 

convent plays 27–8, 218 

depictions 32, 46–7, 49, 50–51, 53 

Jesuit school plays 14, 228 

map of locations 22 

The Martyrdom of St Apollonia 51, 53 

merchant (quack) scene 

(Salbenkrämerspiel) 37–40, 41–2 

Biblical origins 37 

Bozen Passion Play (1514) 29–31 

as burlesque Resurrection analogue 

34 

censorship 39 

commedia dell’arte, parallels 17, 36, 43 

convent performances 27–8 

criticism of 33–4 

dramatic function 34–5 

Erlau Easter play 40, 42, 163 

expansion of 40 

as folly literature 36 

Hall Passion (1511) 31 

improvisation 30, 36, 40, 43 

Ipocras 31, 33 

Latin content 35, 38–40 

mastickár 23, 34 

Medica, uxor medici 25, 30–31, 40, 42 

Medicus 23, 25, 30–31, 38, 40, 42 

Mercator 23, 38 

multi-level success 35–6 

origins 37–9 

as play within a play 35 

as profane contrast 35 

quack couple 17–19, 31, 33, 36, 38, 

40, 42–3, 48, 63, 191, 206 

‘Rabers Passion’ 31 

Rubin 17, 30, 31, 33, 36, 40–43, 154 

sanitization of 31 

Seckau play 38 

Spanish origin 39 

standardization 40, 42 

stock characters 36 

Mystère de Sainte Catherine, Metz 27 

Le Mystère des Trois Doms, actresses 

in 28 

Sponsus 38 

Visitatio sepulchri 23, 27–8, 37–9, 42–3 

Katherine of Sutton 28 

possible origin of merchant scene 37 

St George Convent, Prague, 

performance 27 

Rencia, Anna 212 

Restoration, see London 

Reval (Tallinn), itinerant performers and 

healers in 88, 263 

Reynolds, Jane 271–2 

Reynolds, Robert 106, 272 

Rhetoricans’ Chambers (rederijkerkamer) 

44, 45, 63, 262 

Ricchi, Agostino, I tre Tiranni 170 

Richards, Kenneth and Laura 114 

Richards, Mr, Mrs, and Company 12fn18 

Riedler, Wullffgang 280 

Riemer, Johannes, 

‘Der politische Maul=Affe’ 185–6, 

190fn47 

‘Die politische Colica’ 161 

Riewald, J.G. 271, 272, 275, 276 

Riga, performers in 263, 283

Rigal, Eugène 196 

Rinaldi, Tommaso 165 

Rinaldo 207 

Ringli, Goffried, Master-Servant-Woman 

Trio 71 

Rinuccini, Ottavio, Arianna (librettist) 208 

Rist, Johann 277 

Die Aller Edelste Belustigung 263 

Rivani, Giovanni 228 

Robin, Helena and William 92 

Rochester, see Wilmot 

Roloff, Hans Gert 29, 30, 31, 51 

Romano, Giulio, Palazzo del Te, 

decoration 62 

Romans, religious play 28 

Rome, 

depictions of 76 

documents in 234, 240–41, 244 

itinerant performers and healers from 

and in 4, 16, 99, 114, 206–7, 210, 

212–13, 243 

legislation of 98 

in the Piazza Navona 99, 114 

Rommel, Otto 157, 279, 280 

rope dancers, see performance 

Rosenfeld, Sybil 294 

Rossi, Bartolomeo, Fiammella 223 

Rothenburg, actors in 271, 277–8 

Rotnpuecher, Cristofferus 25, 26 

Rowe, William 263, 272, 276 

Rowlands, Samuel, Looke to It 138, 216 

Rowley, William, A Shoo-maker a 

Gentleman 156 

Royal Society, see London 

Rubens, Peter Paul 11fn16 

Rubin, see religious stage 

Rudin, Bärbel 5, 8, 14, 92, 106–10, 119, 

135, 168, 183, 265, 277–83 

Rudlin, John 78 

Rudolphi, Hanna 278 

Rudolphi, Johannes Andreas, handbill 

188, 190 

Rueff, Hans 52 

ruffiana, see under stock roles 

Ruffin, Estienne 197, 199 

Russell, Elizabeth 165 

Russell, John 165 

Ruster, Jorg 25, 26 

Index 361 

Ruster, Maria 24, 26 

Rutebeuf 

De la goutte en l’aine 35–7 

Li diz de l’erberie 35–7, 79, 88, 121 

Miracle de Théophile 35 

Sachs, Hans, Eygentliche Beschreibung 176 

Sachsen, Anna von 140 

Sackville, Thomas 14, 268–70 

Saftry, Mrs Cornelius 247, 250 

St Apollonia, depictions of 51, 53, 62, 

187 

St Barbe, see Nancy 

St Denis, Bishop of Alexandria 62 

St Dominic’s Fair, see under Danzig 

St George Convent, see under Prague 

St John’s Wort, see under medical and 


St Paul 93 

Pauliani 93 

The conversion of St Paul 56 

Salbenkrämerspiel, see religious stage, 

merchant scene 

Salisbury 

conjoined twins in 109 


Salmon, William 144; see also 

Diemerbroeck 

Salomona, Angela 208 

Salzburg, quacks in and from 128, 288 

Sambucus, Ioannis, Emblemata 60 

Sampson, William, Herod and Antipater 

(co-author) 155fn17 

Sanduhr Inn, see under Frankfurt 

Santorelli, Antonio, Il Protomedico 

Napolitano 120fn8 

Sarat, Agnan 194, 195–7, 200, 201, 198 

Saslow, James M. 207, 208 

Saubert, Johann, Emblematum sacrorum 

131 

Savino, Marsilio 209 

Scala, Flaminio 229 

Il Teatro 73fn1, 78fn19, 84, 121fn10, 

152, 226fn21, 243fn10 

Scarlet, Tomazine 138 

Scarron, Paul, Roman Comique 157–8 

scenarios (plot outlines), see commedia 

dell’arte; Scala


‘scenic clusters’, see under religious stage 

‘Schambitasche’, ‘Schampatas’, see stock 

roles (Jean Potage) 

Schenckbecher, Jean, friendship album of 

299 

Schenda, Rudolf 140, 189 

Schindler, Otto 223 

Schipke, Renate 31, 40 

Schletterer, Daniela 265 

Schlosser, Els 25, 26 

Schlosser, Oswalt 25, 26 

Schmid, Dorothea 110 

Schmidt, Matthias, handbill 130, 188 

Schnifis, Laurentius von 277 

Schoevaerdts, Mathys, Northern 

Fairground 6 

Scholte, Jan Hendrik 158 

Schön, Lucas 181 

Schönemann, Johann Friedrich 265, 278 

Schopfer, Stoffl 29 

Schott, Heinz 62, 189 

Schouwburg theatre, see Amsterdam 

Schramm, Petra 123, 128, 132 

Schreckin, Juliana 165 

Schreiber, Johannes 180 

Schrickx, Willem 104, 272 

Schuch, Franziskus 278 

Schuchin, Barbara 278, 279, 280 

Schultz, Christian Ferdinand 281 

Schultzin, Josepha 281 

Schulz, Monika 31 

Schupbach, William 63, 187 

Schwartz, I.A. 114 

Schwarz, Johann Friedrich 278 

Schwarz, Peter 277 

Schwarz, Rebecca 277–8 

Scolnicov, Hanna 231 

Scoto, Dionisio 209–10 

in Johnson’s Volpone 80, 152–3 

oglio del scoto 121 

Scott, Virginia 197, 206 

Scuto, Cristofferus, Johannes, Martine 

and Sigmundus 25, 26 

Searl, Margaret 164 

Seckau play, merchant scene 38 

Securis, John, A Detection and Querimonie 

126 

Seelman, Wilhelm 121 

Senfft, Johann Baptista 

handbill 127–8, 189 

troupe 127 

Sergelin, Mme 183 

Seymour, Dorothy 259 

Shadwell, Thomas 140, 156 

The Humorists 155–7 

The Sullen Lovers 140, 229fn33 

Shakespeare, William 

All’s Well That Ends Well 156–7 

Antony and Cleopatra 93 

As You Like It 36 

Comedy of Errors 100 

Hamlet 210, 258, 270 

Macbeth 170 

Midsummer Night’s Dream 296fn36 

Romeo and Juliet 93 

The First Part of Henry IV 210 

The Merry Wives of Windsor 146 

The Winter’s Tale 157 

Twelfth Night 146, 224–5 

Shapiro, Michael 255 

Shepherd, Anne 251 

Shesgreen, Sean 121–2, 142, 157, 250 

Shirley, Anthony 210 

Shirley, James 256 

Love Trickes 261 

The Bird in a Cage 155fn14, 252 

The Sisters 155 

Shirley, Robert 210 

Shirley, Thomas 210 

Sicily 

medicine from 127–8 

performers in 112, 229 

Siebenkees, Johann Christian 268 

Siena, actors from and in 206, 209 

Siena, Kevin P. 163, 173 

Silesia 

performers in 101, 280–81 

Terra sigillata 133 

Siller, Max 33, 38 

Silvette, Herbert 16, 140, 150, 155 

Simm, Teresa 26 

Simon, Eckehard 50 

Simon of Bologna 207 

Sixtus V, Pope 212 

skincare, see under medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products (skin 

products)

Skinner, Sabrina 187fn24 

Smidts, Elisabeth 270 

Smith, Jane 255 

Smith, Josiah 109 

snakes, snake-charmers, see under healers; 

medical and cosmetic ingredients and 

products 

Snart, Mrs Elizabeth 144 

soap, see under medical and cosmetic 


Sola Pinto, Vivian de 170 

Solothurn, itinerant healers in 280 

Sonnet de Courval, Satyre contre les 

charlatans 74, 80fn6, 96–7, 104, 139 

Sorio, Oratio, I Forestieri 223 

Souches, Mme 89 

Southwark Fair, see under London 

Souvray, Thérèse (‘Mme Bébé) 110 

Spandau, see under Berlin 

spectacle, see performance and spectacle 

spectators, see audience 

Speede, Nathan 271, 272 

Speede, Samuel 272 

Spencer, John and wife 269, 271 

spices, see under medical and cosmetic 


Spichtig, Peter, Three Kings 157 

Spiegelberg, Johann Christian 265 

Spiritus Mundi, see under medical and 


Sponsler, Claire 115 

Sponsus, see religious stage 

Sprengel, Peter 226 

stage fool, see stock roles (Fool) 

stages and venues 

bench or table 62, 65, 74, 76, 78, 114, 

152, 155, 213, 215, 222 

churches, monasteries 27–8, 30–31, 

34,52, 54, 211, 262, 289 

curtained booth stage 6, 44, 45, 232 

hired rooms 12, 76, 130, 163, 166–7 

home visits, private house performances 

157, 166, 172, 256, 280 

marketplace 28, 51, 56, 74, 76, 112, 114, 

125, 128, 154, 160–61, 184–8, 190, 

201, 222, 229, 280, 288–9, 297–8; 

see also fairs 

perspective stage 55, 58, 64, 198, 244 

Index 363 

public inn 10, 14, 144 

religious 32, 45–58, 46, 49 

tennis court theatres 76, 77, 222, 272 

trestle stages iv, 7, 9, 13, 19, 45, 66, 68, 

70, 72, 73–4, 75, 76, 78, 82, 83, 91, 

94, 96, 100, 102, 105, 114, 123, 201, 

213, 214, 215, 229 

windows, theatrical significance 12, 185, 

267 

Stalpert, Jacob 272 

Stanislas, King of Poland 110 

Stapleton, Thomas, A Fortresse 114 

Stapylton, Sir Robert, The Slighted Mayde 

258 

Starck, Andreas, Harmspiegel 89, 143fn41 

Starke, Christian 276 

Statz, Carl August 166 

Steen, Jan, The Charlatan 145 

Steinbach, Rolf 35 

Steinertin, Maria 107 

Steinmetz, Ludwig Ernst 279 

Steinmetzin, Maria Elisabita 279 

Steinz, Elisabeth 279–80 

Stellberger, Johann, wife of 107 

Stephens, Joanna 149–50 

Stephenson, Marjory 258fn15 

Sterzing (Vipiteno) 

archival records in 29, 49 

Council Chamber 27 

‘Osterspiele’ 27 

performers, artists and writers from and 

in 23, 27, 29 

Stevenson, Matthew, The Twelve Moneths 

143 

Stichler, Carl 129, 165 

Stöberin, Catharina Helena 110 

stock roles, literary characters, stage 

names, carnival masks 

actress-servant-master trio 17–18, 36, 

43, 66, 68, 71, 85, 206, 209, 215, 

235, 236–7, 239, 297–8 

Arlecchino, Arlequin, see Harlequin 

Chinachine 133, 160–61, 191, 225 

Colombine 278 

Cupid 82, 83,154, 236, 238 

devils 34, 53, 81, 227, 286, 289 

Eulenspiegel, Till 28–9, 34, 287 

Dil Ulenspiegel 28–9, 32, 34, 157, 287


Flaminia 240 

Fool 61 

Beer on 286, 289, 291–7 

Bernoin 289 

Carnival 246 

Cavendish on 8–12, 14, 16 

and commedia dell’arte 67, 81, 206, 

209, 227, 261, 264–6 

depicted 145, 238, 247 

English 210, 261, 264–6, 269–70, 279 

Jack Fool 16 

Kemp 210 

Killigrew 154 

and itinerant healers 80–81, 84, 114 

and religious stage 36, 42 

Shakespeare 36 

Franceschina 208–9, 212, 235, 238 

Gratian 84, 228, 238 

Hanswurst 261, 265, 278–9, 281 

Harlequin 36, 64, 74, 81, 84, 97, 124, 

153, 166, 198, 200, 209, 248, 261, 

264–5, 276, 281, 286, 294 

Inamorata 17, 205–14, 231 

costumes 234–5, 240–41 

depicted iv, 66, 68, 71–2, 105, 230, 

236–7, 242, 244 

Jack Pudding 114, 269 

Jack Tumbler 251 

Jean Potage 14, 16, 36, 81, 286, 291–2 

Ian Povtaige 13, 14 

Sackville ‘John Posset’ 14, 269–70 

‘Schambitasche’, ‘Schampatas’ 15, 16 

Merry Andrew 81 

‘Orvietano’ 97, 112 

Pantalone, Magnifico 71, 84, 105, 206–7, 

209, 215, 222, 226, 233, 236–9, 

240–41 

Pasquella 152 

Pickelhering 36, 81, 264, 286 

Beer’s account of 291–7 

Janetzky 282 

Jolly 277 

quack assistant 289 

Vincent 271 

ruffiana 227, 233, 235, 238 

Schambitasche’, ‘Schampatas’, see Jean 

Potage 

Tabarin, Tabarino 112, 113, 114, 223 

Zan Bragato, Bragetta 

actresses 98, 197 

depicted 220 

quack activity 129, 180 

reputation 223 

troupe 73, 76, 84, 180, 222–3 

venues 76, 78 

Zan Ganassa 243 

Zanini 128 

Zanni and derivatives iv, 36, 66, 68, 

71–2, 75, 81–2, 83, 84–5, 94, 96, 

98, 102, 105, 112, 113, 114, 153, 

206, 209, 215, 222, 226–9, 230, 233, 

236–7, 239, 240–41, 242, 244 

Stockholm 

performers in and from 14, 262–3 

Recueil Fossard 198, 199–200, 234 

Stothard, Mrs 173 

Stranitzky, Joseph Anton 157, 279 

Stranitzky, Maria Barbara 157 

Strasbourg 

depictions in 299 

Fair 125 

performers and healers in 88, 120, 125 

Straub, Georg 67, 71 

Striggi, Alessandro 74 

St Serfe, Thomas, The Coffee House 

153fn10 

Stubbe, Henry, Rosemary and Bayes 

98fn38 

Stubbes, Phillip, The Anatomie of Abuses 

250, 255fn6, 270fn12, 292fn28 

Stuttgart 

actors at court of 282 

documents in 83, 136fn.4, 242 

sumptuary regulations, see costume; crossdressing 

Suppan, Wolfgang 30, 40, 42 

supplications see under itinerant 

performers and healers (licences) 

surgeons, see under healers 

Sustris, Friedrich, Inamorata and Zanni 

230 

Svejkovský, František 34 

‘T’, A Plain and Practical Discovery 

124fn32, 191fn52 

‘Tabarin’, ‘Tabarino’, see under stock roles 

Tallin, see Reval

Tambi, Lazzaro 81 

Tatham, John, The Distracted State 

155fn14, 256 

Tayler, Robert 255 

Telle, Joachim 140 

Templin, Prokop von 101 

tennis courts, see stages and venues 

Terrada, María Luz López 107, 129 

theatre 

and medicine 2, 99, 119 

overlap 63, 279–80 

in medieval life 50 

see also performance and spectacle; 

stages and venues 

theriac, see under medical and cosmetic 


Thermot, James 170 

Thévenot, Le Mystère des Trois Doms 28 

Thirty Years War (1618–48) 101, 272 

Thompson, C.J.S. 89, 138, 142, 150, 164, 

165, 173 

Thoran, Barbara 26 

Thorian, Johan 276 

Thurnher, Eugen 29 

Tiepolo, Giovanni Domenico 

The Charlatan Troupe (engraving after) 

73, 91 

Female Mountebank 90 

Tilburg, Cornelis à 156 

tinctures, see under medical and cosmetic 


Tissier, André 73, 96, 151 

Tolet, Dr Pierre 81 

Tomlinson, Sophie 1, 9fn9 

tooth-drawers, see under healers (dental 

surgeons) 

Topsell, Edward, Historie of Serpents 93 

Toursin, Wilhelm, wife of 107 

Townshend, Aurelian, Tempe restord 

251fn29 

Trautmann, Karl 106, 114, 157, 197, 

262–3, 269, 271, 277–9, 281, 283 

Treadwell, Nina 208 

Trépau, Rachel 199 

Treu, Maria Clara 281 

Treu, Michael Daniel 281 

trio, comic stage, see actors (actressservant-master 

trio) 

Index 365 

troupes 

English 

in Beer’s Maul-Affen 290–98 

in German regions 106, 261–4, 271–3, 

275–8 

in London 257 

French 99, 196–7, 199–201, 206, 263, 

275 

German 84, 106, 127, 160, 168–9, 264–6, 

267, 277–83 

Italian 18, 106, 112, 195, 200, 205–13, 

215, 218, 228–9, 252, 264, 267, 

280–81, 294 

Cavendish on 8–16 

Confidenti 209, 212, 218, 235 

Desiosi 212 

expulsion from Antwerp 14 

Fedeli 208, 228 

Gelosi 195–6, 207, 208, 212, 218, 238 

in Padua 225–7 

Uniti 229, 235 

Zan Bragetta’s 73, 76, 84, 180, 222–3 

Zan Ganassa’s 243 

Netherlandish 246, 261–3 

tumblers, see performance and spectacle, 

acrobats 

‘Tumbling Lassie’ 106 

Tylus, Jane 231, 267 

Uhlich, Adam Gottfried 278 

Ulich, Eleonore Constantia 281 

Ulich, Johann August 281 

Ulm, performers and healers from and in 

12, 24, 119, 128, 166, 267–8, 280 

Umbach, Jonas 123 

Ungerer, Gustav 256 

unguents, see under medical and cosmetic 


unicorn horn, see under medical and 


Uniti, see under troupes (Italian) 

Uphill, Susanna 140 

urine diagnosis, see under medical and 


Urslerin, Barbara 2, 3, 107 

descriptions of 4 

usnea, see under medical and cosmetic 

ingredients and products


Utrecht, performers in 272, 276 

Valencia, performers in and from 107, 129 

Valenciennes Passion 27, 28, 56 

Valentin, Jean-Marie 226 

Valentini, see Mingotti 

Valeran le Comte troupe 199, 200, 275 

performance 196–7 

Valerini, Adriano 207 

Valmy-Baysse, Jean 196, 197, 206 

van Angillis, Pieter, The Quack Stage 64 

van Beck, Johann Michael 3, 4 

van de Velde, Jan, Market Scene 7 

van de Venne, Adriaen, Acrobats in the 

Tennis Court Theatre. 77 

van den Bergh, Adriaen 262 

van den Bergh, Ariana 262 

van Diemerbroeck, Ysbrand 146 

van Fornenbergh, Cornelia, Dorothea and 

Johanna 263 

van Fornenbergh, Jan Baptist 262–3 

van Helmont, Johannes Baptista 144 

van Lee, Susanna 262 

van Leyden, Lucas 136 

van Oploo, Anna 281 

Vanbrugh, John, The Confederacy 157 

Vautrel, François 199 

veils, see costume 

Velten, Anna Elisabeth 282 

Velten, Catharina Elisabeth 264, 279, 281, 

282, 283 

Velten, Johannes 281 

Velten troupe, clerical opposition to 283 

Veltruský, Jarmila 33–4 

Venice 14, 152 

Carnival 70, 74, 232 

courtesans 235, 239 

depictions of 14, 70, 71, 76, 82, 105, 

204, 214, 232, 239, 241 

female practitioners in 164, 183 


of 74, 78, 84, 96, 122, 158, 206–7, 

209, 212, 215–17, 226, 280 

medicines and recipes from 126–8, 130, 

133, 140 

Venier, Colombe 199 

Venier, Marie 199 

vermifuge see under medical and cosmetic 


Verrucci, Vergilio, Le Schiave 223 

Vetrier, Jean 164 

Vettoria 112 

Vich religious play 38, 43 

Victor, Adam 179, 190 

Vienna 

Easter Play 40 

images in iv, 131 

performers and healers in and from 107, 

157, 166, 170, 177, 277, 281 

Stranitzky’s theatre 157 

Turkish occupation (1683) 293 

Villiers, Eleanor 259 

Villingen (formerly Donaueschingen) 

Passion 45 

Villon, François 34 

Vincent, George 270, 271 

Violante, Rosina 106 

Violante, Signora 106, 294 

Vipiteno, see Sterzing 

Visitatio, see under religious stage 

Vladislaus of Poland, King 271 

Vockerodt, Gottfried 286 

Voetius, Gysbertus 269 

Vogeln, Günther 189 

Vossische Zeitung, see under Berlin 

Wackernell, J.E. 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 45, 54 

Walsh, Martin W. 35, 37 

Walsingham, Sir Francis 133 

Waltherin, Margaretha 101 

Ward, Mary 262fn36 

Ward, Seth, Vindiciae Academiarum 

98fn38 

Warning, Rainer 34 

Warsaw, performers in 270–71 

Wasserfuhr, Maria 62, 63 

Waterman, Eefelet, Mary and Martha 109 

Waterman, Mary 109 

Watson, Goody 271 

Wayde, John (Waydt) 276, 290 

Weinsberg, Drutgin 101 

Weise, Christian 133, 158–9, 191, 295 

Curiositäten Krähmer 160, 292fn27 

‘Der Politische Qvacksalber’ 133, 151, 

160–62, 185, 186, 191, 225 

Erznarren 128fn49, 132fn71 159, 160, 

186 

‘Tobias’ 159–60, 162, 184, 295

Weise, Elias 158 

Weissenborn, Caroline see Neuber, 

Caroline 

Weissenfels, writers and performers at the 

court of 158, 161, 286, 287 

Wells, Susan 9 

Welsch, Hieronymus 4 

Wheeler, Susan 4, 109 

Whetstone, George, Heptameron 17fn26, 

76fn12, 96, 229 

Whitlock, Richard, Observations 78fn19, 

87, 121fn10, 126, 141, 143, 187fn21 

Wickham, Glynne 26 

Wiley, W.L. 196, 199 

Williams, Mrs 144 

Wilmot, John, 2nd Earl of Rochester 153 

handbill 153–4, 170–72, 188 

mountebank impersonation 170, 172 

Bendo, Alexander 154 

Bendo, Mrs 172 

Wilson, John, The Cheats 89fn10, 144, 

155fn14, 156 

windows, see under stages and venues 

Winter, Salvator 229 

Winter, William 124 

Wirth, Ludwig 42 

Wiseman, Sue 212 

wise women, see under healers 

witches and witchcraft 9, 10, 14, 18, 101, 

120, 137, 143, 146–9, 170, 191, 224 

Wolfenbüttel 

actors in and from 14, 270 

documents in 

civic legislation 120, 137–8, 178 

depictions 204, 214, 216, 239 

diary of Ferdinand Albrecht I 114 

Index 367 

handbills 112, 123, 128–30, 133, 

165–6, 179–80, 182, 183, 188–90 

Mazarinades 112, 122, 164 

religious play 39 

Woodward, Daniel 144 

Wormius, Olaus 133 

Worm-purger, see under healers 

Worms 

Act of 1582: 120 

Act of 1609: 137, 178 

Worp, J.A. 276 

Wrage, Johannes 99 

Wustmann, Gustav 5 fn8, 8 fn 

Wyatt, Ioane 255 

Wycherley, William, The Country-wife 

155fn14 

Wyman, A.L. 138, 140, 142, 143, 163, 164, 

177 

Wynne-Davies, Marion 1 

Young, Karl 26, 34, 37–9 

Zampelli, Michael A. 217, 262 

‘Zanini’, Zanni, see under stock roles 

Zell, quacks in 128, 165 

Zeller, Peter 250 

Zielske, Harald 48 

Zimmermann, Paul 270 

Zittau 

documents in 158–60, 184, 292 

Gymnasium Augusteum 158, 184 

Johanniskirche 184 

see also Weise; Kuhnau 

Zorn, Gottfried 264 

Zurich, itinerant performers and healers in 

and from 129, 165, 245–6, 250, 280

Abell, Johann 165 Abrahams, P. 35 acrobats, see under - Ashgate

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