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'1, Ii.jI[233] Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Editionreferences); for a review by Boyd R. McCandless, see4:358 (142 references); see also 3:292 (217 references);; I Ifor excerpted reviews by Cyril Burt, Grace H. Kent, andI D. Sundberg of the second revision, see 5:413 (121II I!IM. Krugman, see 2:1420 (132 references); for reviews:i by Francis W. Maxfield, J. W. M. Rothney, and F. L.Wells, see 1:1062.II!Review rfthe Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition by JUDY A. JOHNSON, AssistantProfessor rfPsychology in the School Psychology Programat the University rfHouston-Victoria, Victoria,Texas, and RlK CARL D'AMATO, Assistant Deanand Director rfthe Centerfor Collaborate Research inEducation, College rfEducation and Behavioral Sciences,M. Lucile Hamson Professor rf Excellence,School rfProfessionalPsychology, University rfNorthernColorado, Greeley, CO:DESCRIPTION. The Stanford-Binet IntelligenceScales, Fifth Edition (SB5) is the latestversion of one of our fundamental assessmentinstruments for which the original version wascreated almost 10Qyears ago. The SB5, whichtook 7 years -to com.plete, is the long-awaitedupdate of the Fourth Edition, which was publishedin 1986. The SB5, like its predecessors, is acomprehensive, nOlm-refer~nc:edjndividually administeredtest ofintelligence and cognitive abilities.The SB5 can be used with examinees whorange from 2 years old to over 8?years old. Thisexpansive age range has always been one of themost rem::lr~2te.fe::a!Ures ofthis instrument. Typicaluses of the SB5 include diagnosjngexceptionalities and developmental disabilities inadults, adolesceilts, and c4iLdn~n.«The scales yield a Full Scale IQtwo domainscores (Nonverbal IQand Verbal' 102, and fivefactor Indexes «Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge,Qyantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing,and Working Memory). Unlike previous editions,the means of the IQand factor index scoresare.JQO.with a standard deviation ofJ5. The FullScaleIQis based on the administration of 10subtests and is the global.measur~gf c9gplfiveability. Each of the five factors are consideredusing both verbal and nonverbal measures. TheSB5 has 10 subtests including 2 special routingsubtests (Nonverbal-Fluid Reasoning: Object SerieslMatricesand Verbal-Knowledge: Vocabulary),which are administered at the beginning of theSB5. These routing subtests determine the developmentalstarting point for the remaining subtests.1Depending on the examinee's performance on therouting subtests, the examiner is directed to begin Iat Level 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. This unique way of !addressing development is a longstanding tradiItion with the Binet scales.t.The SB5 subtt:st namt:::; and the activitiesthat make up the subtests for a specific level are ,listed below. The SB5 Nonverbal subtests includeNonverbal Knowledge (Picture Absurdities [Lev !els 4-6] and Procedural Knowledge [Levels 2-3]); IINonverbal Qyantitative Reasoning [Levels 2-6];Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing (Form Board[Levels 1-2] and Form Patterns [Levels J-:-6]);and Nonverbal Working Memory (Block Span[Levels 2-6] and Delayed Response [Level 1]).The Verbal subtests include Verbal Fluid Reasoning(Early Reasoning [Levels 2-3J, Verbal Absurdities[Level 4], and Verbal Analogies [Levels 56]); Verbal Qyantitative Reasoning [Levels 2-6J;Verbal Visual-Spatial Processing (Position andDirection [Levels 2-6]); and Verbal WorkingMemory (Memory for Sentences [Levels 2-3] andLast Word [Levels 4-6]). These subtests yield ascaled score with a mean of10 and with a standarddeviation of3. The SB5 also yields an AbbreviatedBattery IQthat is based on the two routing subtestsand can be used to supplement another battery oftests that has been administered or when a briefmeasure of intelligence is sufficient.The administration time of the SB5 variesfrom 15 to 75.minutes, depending on which scalesare gIven. Most of the SB5 items are not timedand time bonuses are not admissible. The estimatedtime to acquire a Full Scale IQis 45 to 75minutes, whereas the Abbreviated Battery IQtakes15 to 20 minutes to administer to a client. Further,the examiner can choose to administer only theVerbal IQ(based on the five Verbal subtests) orthe Nonverbal IQ(based on the five Nonverbalsubtests); each of these takes about 30 minutes tocomplete. The technical manual states the NonverbalIQcan be used for assessing those withhearing impairments, autism, communication dis-'orders, limited English-language backgrounds, andother areas where verbal ability is limited. This isa unique and helpful feature of the instrument.For ease of administration, the SB5 is organizedinto three item books printed on an easelformat that includes all administration directions.The easel format allows examinees to easily viewtest materials, but also allows the examiner toi%I976
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition [ 233 Jmance on the:cted to beginuque way ofanding tradi:1the activitiescific level are)tests includelI'dities [Lev-Levels 2-3]);:Levels 2-6];(Form Board:"evels 3-6]);I(Block Spane [Level 1]),luid Reason- ~'erbal Absurf!s [Levels 5- '- I:Levels 2-6]; i)osition and,al Workingrels 2-3] and Iltests yield a Ith a standardAbbreviated .~lting subtests,er battery ofi'lhen a brief! SB5 varieswruch scalese not timede. The estilis45 to 75eryIQtakes:nt. Further,ter only thesubtests) or: NonverbalI minutes to!s the Nonthosewithlication disrounds,andted. This isstrument.:B5 is orga::m an easel. directions.easily viewXanu.ner toJeasily record and score responses behind the easel.The first item book includes the two routing subtests,whereas the second item book contains Levels 1-6 ofthe Nonverbal subtests. The thlrd Item book containsLevels 2-6 of the Verbal subtests.A variety of scores are derived from the rawtest data. In addition to standard scores for eachcomposite score, subtest scaled scores, percentileranks, confidence intervals, age equivalents, andChange-Sensitive Scores may be computed.Change-Sensitive Scores (CSS), based on itemresponse theory, provide a means to identify aclient's change in scores over a period of time. TheSB5 may be hand scored, but scoring can be madeeasier by using the SB5 Scoring Pro. The SB5Scoring Pro is a Windows-based program thatallows the examiner to enter background information,age, and raw scores. The resulting reportincludes an extended score report and a brief,narrative summary report that, if desired, can beexported to a word processing file for editing.DEVELOPMENT. Several significantchanges were made from the SB4 to the SB5.Frrst, the SB5 was renormed on a large, representativesample that ranged from preschool age tomature adults. The SB5 made a significant changeto the structure of the test by adding anotherfactor, Working Memory. Working Memory.vasadded because it has been shown to be related toboth reading and math achievement, and, in fact,is a deficient area in many of those children andadults with learning problems. It is also a novelarea that is not covered on many traditional testsofintelligence. Another important change includedenhanced coverage of nonverbal intelligence. TheNonverbal 10.. unlike other cognitive measures, iscomposed of nonverbal items that cover the fivefactors ofFluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Q,tantitativeReasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, andWorking Memory. Because the U.S. population isbecoming more and more diverse, increasing thenonverbal coverage (where items require no or aminimal verbal response) was an important change.Other changes in the new edition have includedupdated items that extend the scales upwardand downward as well as allowing assessmentofindividuals who display very high or verylow levels offunctioning. Materials have also been"revamped" to be more appealing to both examineesand examiners. The SB5 includes "childfriendly" toys and manipulatives that are appealingto younger clients. Examiners will also welcomethe easel-style item books and computerized scoringprogram; which can make the assessmentprocess more user friendly. Further, the examinerfriendlyrecord form includes directional arrows whensums are to be transferred to another area on therecord form, bold print to identify correct answers forthe examiner, as well as lightly printed areas, whichshow the total points possible on a specific subtest., The SB5 includes comprehensive technical(Roid, 2003c) and exanu.ner's manuals. The technicalmanual guides the examiner through the testdevelopment process, which is consistent with theStandardsfor Educational and Psychological Testing(American Educational Research Association,American Psychological Association, &- NationalCouncil on Measurement in Education, 1999). Inaddition, the technical manual highlights the historyof the measure, theoretical foundations, evidenceof reliability and validity, and provides detaileddescriptions of professional and ethical useof the SB5. Furtht;:r, the examiner's manual succeedsin familiarizing the examiner with test userqualifications, assessment of special populationswith the SB5, as well as key administration, scoring,and interpretive guidelines. A more detailedSB5 interpretive manual is available, but it isdisappointing that it must be purchased separately.[Editor's Note: The publisher advises thatbeginning in 2006 the manual may be purchasedas part of the kit.]TECHNICAL. The SB5 is based on the... CatleU-Born-CarrQU(GIIG) theory of cognitivefunctioning that has been investigated empiricallyover several decades (D'Amato, Fletcher-Janzen,&- Reynolds, in press). Several other recent intelligencetests have also been based on elements ofCHC theory, and studies on earlier versions oftheBinet scales revealed distinguishable CHC factors.The SB5 is composed of ~.factors (out of 10) oftheCHC model including (CHC factors in parentheses):Fluid Reasoning (Fluid Intelligence orGf), Knowledge (Crystallized Knowledge or Gc),Q,tantitative Reasoning (Q,tantitative Knowledgeor Gq), Visual-Spatial Processing (Visual Processingor Gv), and Working Memory (Short-TermMemory or Gsm).The selection of only five of the CHC factorsfor the SB5 was based on );:.esear~h of therelations ofthe factors to ach.ieye!11.~!1t, gi.fi,".
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