A Run-Through Of Taekwon-do by Khaldun - Classic Taekwondo ...

A Run-Through Of Taekwon-do by Khaldun Redza, 5 th Dan Black Belt
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

TAEKWON
TAEKWON-DO TAEKWON DO IN IN A HURRY – by Khaldun Redza
1. Introduction
2. Definition Of Taekwon-Do
3. History of Taekwon-Do
4. Philosophy Of Taekwon-Do
5. Dynamics Of Taekwon-Do
6. Patterns
7. Grading
8. Belt System : History, Meaning
9. Terminologies
10. Code Of Conduct
I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I
do and I understand - Confucius
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

1. INTRODUCTION
There are countless websites, tons of literature and numerous resources from which the avid
student can derive in-depth and exhaustive information on every aspect of the Art and
Science of Taekwon-do.
It is not my intention to add to the library or to pile one more dossier to the already massive
mound. For more detailed data serious seekers will be well advised to direct their research to
reliable and comprehensive sources of reference such as:-
i. Wikipedia Encyclopedia at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo
ii. www.itf-information.com; www.worldtaekwondo.com; www.tkd-itf.org; www.itftkd.org;
www.gtftaekwondo.com; www.wtf.org; www.mgtf.org.my,
iii. Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do Vol. 1-15 by Gen Choi Hong Hi
iv. Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts by Donn F. Draeger and Robert W. Smith
v. History Of Taekwon-Do by Master Choong Teck Hoong, PSTA
.. to list a few.
No, this page is designed and aimed at providing the novice, beginner, prospective student or
the uninitiated with a brief and quick overview of the What? Why? When? Who? and How?
of TKD in a nutshell, all within one hurried reading. I have endeavored to keep the contents
objective, apolitical and universal.
I hope that you’ll find this page useful and informative. Happy reading. - KR
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

2. DEFINITION OF TAEKWON-DO
� Taekwon-do is a Korean martial art and national sport.
� It is the world’s most popular martial arts in terms of
number of practitioners. It is practiced in 188 countries
by 70 million exponents and 4 million individual
black belts throughout the world.
� Though Taekwon-do is one word in Korean, the English
spelling breaks it into 3 parts which literally means,
Tae … foot, leg, to step on, jumping or flying, to kick or smash with the foot;
Kwon… fist or fight i.e. to punch or destroy with the hand or fist;
Do… art, way or discipline.
� Collectively the word means “The Way or
Art of the Foot and Fist” and the concept
denotes:-
i. “...the mental training and the techniques
of unarmed combat for self-defense as
well as health involving the skilled
application of punches, kicks, blocks, and
dodges with bare hands and feet to the
rapid destruction of the moving
opponent/s.” - Encyclopedia of
Taekwon-Do.
ii. “…the right way of using the fists and
feet, or all parts of the body represented
by fists and feet…to control or calm
down fights and keep the peace.” In
other words “…to put fists under control
or to step on fist” in order “… to stop
fights and help to build a better and more
peaceful world. “ -
www.worldtaekwondo.com
iii. “..an empty-hand combat form that entails
the use of the whole body... It is more than a mere physical fighting skill, representing as
it does a way of thinking and a pattern of life requiring strict discipline. It is a system of
training both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the
development of the trainee's moral character." - Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts
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3. HISTORY OF TAEKWON-DO
I. ANCIENT - 50 B.C. to 668 A.D.
An old painting of men practicing Taekkyon as
spectators watch
This is one of the Kumgang statues.
BIRTH OF KOREAN MARTIAL ARTS
i. Ancient Korea was divided into 3 kingdoms i.e. Silla (57
B.C. – 935 A.D.) in the South; Koguryo (37 B.C. – 668
A.D.) in the north; and Paekche (18 B.C. – 600 A.D.) in the
SW of the Korean peninsula.
ii. Sonbae, a strong warrior corp in Koguryo who were
entrusted to protect the kingdom from northern oppression
had practiced Taekkyeon, a leg-oriented form of fighting,
and Sirum, Korean wrestling. They also practiced
Kwonbop, an ancient Chinese martial arts.
iii. Taekkyeon was later taught by the early masters from
Koguryo to young warriors in the Silla Kingdom called
Hwarangdo (the way of flowering youth / manhood), who
were sons of royalty, to help protect against invasions by the
neighboring kingdoms and attacks by Japanese pirates.
iv. Silla’s influence added Subak (hand techniques) into the
martial art form and Taekkyeon or Subakhdo became a
more complete foot and hand fighting system.
v. Although not as widely known, the Paekche kingdom in the
SW of the peninsula had the Soo Sa warrior corp that
practiced SooByeokTa, another predecessor of modern
TKD.
700 years
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II. MODERN – 668 A.D. to 1910
Soldier's uniforms from Koguryo, Silla, and
Baekjae.
General Chung-Mu from the Yi Dynasty.
He was known for his undying loyalty to the king,
and he also invented the precursor to today's
submarine.
1300 years
GROWTH OF SUBAKHDO
i. The Hwarangdo were responsible for the spread of
Taekkyon/Subakhdo throughout the Korean peninsula,
and for the unification of the 3 kingdoms under the Silla
Dynasty (668AD – 935AD) in 668 A.D.
ii. The honor code of the Hwarang i.e. loyalty, filial duty,
trustworthiness, valor and justice is the philosophical
foundation of modern TKD.
iii. The name Taekkyon was later changed to Subak Gi or
Subakh Do during the Koryo Dynasty (935AD –
1392AD). The art was systematically developed into
primarily a lethal military fighting art.
iv. Anyone who overcame 3 opponents in Subakhi
(contests) were immediately recruited as military officers.
Plain soldiers who mastered it’s techniques were
promoted to Generals.
v. During the Yi or Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910), experts in
Subakhdo and Sirum were enlisted as soldiers.
vi. At this time, Confucianism spread into the martial art,
and as the higher class became more engrossed with
cultural pursuits i.e. poetry and music, Subakhdo became
the domain of the common or inferior man.
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III. PRESENT - 1910 to 2008
Gen Choi Hong Hi
Statue of Kumkang-Yuksa, a famous Korean
warrior, found in a stone cave in Sukulam
Maj. Nam Tae Hi
EMERGENCE OF TAEKWON-DO
i. Japan occupied Korea from 1910 – 1945.
ii. This was a sad period in Korean history.
iii. Korean culture, including martial arts was erased.
However Soobakh, Taekkyon, Kong Soo and Hwa Soo
were still practiced and passed down in secret.
iv. During this period Koreans, amongst whom was a
Taekkyon exponent and the future “Father of Taekwondo”,
2 nd Lieutenant Choi Hong Hi, had studied
Japanese martial arts such as Karate. He had acquired a
2 nd Dan in Shotokan Karate.
v. After WW2, there was a resurgence of Korean Martial
Arts. Numerous schools (kwans) arose i.e. Chung Do
Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Oh Do Kwan, Yun Moo Kwan,
Chang Moo Kwan, Ji Do Kwan, Chi Do Kwan and Song
Moo Kwan.
vi. Maj. General Choi Hong Hi established Oh Do Kwan.
Together with Major Nam Tae Hi of Chung Do Kwan they
merged the 2 schools, formalized TKD techniques and
started teaching it in the army. Gen Choi’s personal style
is the Chung Han or Blue Cottage.
vii. 11 April 1955 - the birth date of TKD, all Kwans were
united under the name proposed by Gen Choi Hon Hi,
Tae Kwon Do. Other names suggested were Tae Soo
Do, Tang Soo Do and Kong Soo Do. The name
Taekwon-do was endorsed by President Rhee Seung
Man.
viii. 1959 - Gen. Choi was elected the 1 st President of
Korean Taekwon-Do Association (KTA.). Together
with Major Nam Tae Hi and 18 instructors he spread the
art to all universities, military outposts and internationally.
ix. 1962 - TKD came to our shores during Gen Choi’s tenure
as Korean Ambassador to Malaysia.
x. 22 March 1966 - Gen. Choi resigned from the KTA and
established the International TKD Federation (ITF)
which relocated its base to Canada to ensure its political
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
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GM Park Jung Tae
impartiality. The ITF had 9 founding members i.e.
Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, West Germany, USA,
Turkey, United Arab Republic, Italy and Korea.
xi. 28 May 1973 - KTA became the World Tae Kwon Do
Federation with its HQ in Seoul, Korea.
xii. June 14 1990 - GM Park Jung Tae, Sec-Gen of the
ITF, founded the Global Taekwon-Do Federation (GTF)
with 78 countries under its banner.
xiii. September 2000 - TKD and Triathlon were adopted as
an Olympic sport at the 27 th Olympiad in Sydney,
Australia.
xiv. 2002 – Upon Gen. Choi’s demise, ITF split into 3
international factions.
xv. Nov 2008 - I established Classic Taekwon-do.
i. GEN. CHOI HONG HI (1918 - 2002)
It would be impossible and utterly disrespectful to
attempt to summarize the life and achievements of
such a man in one short list. However please
understand that this list is mainly intended for the
beginner in the hope that it will spur his/her interest to
extend the research further. No disrespect to the
memory of this visionary was intended. - KR
o Born November 9, 1918 in the Hwa Dae Myong District of
Korea.
o Due to his weak and frail nature, his parents sent him to study
Calligraphy under Master Han Il Dong who also started
teaching him Taekkyon at age 15.
o 1937 went to Japan to study calligraphy and was forced to
join the Japanese army as a “student volunteer”.
o While studying in Japan he acquired 1 st Dan in Karate under
a Korean Instructor named Kim, within 2 years.
o Later part of WW2, he was imprisoned for involvement in the
Korean Independence Movement.
o 15, Jan 1946, commissioned as 2 nd Lt in the new ROK Army.
o Started teaching to soldiers when he acquired his 2 nd Dan in
Karate.
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o After WW2 he set up Oh Do Kwan teaching his personal Chung Han style of
Taekkyon to Korean and American soldiers.
o Together with colleagues Nam Tae Hi, GM Kim Bok Man, Master Woo Jae Lim,
he developed a system of martial arts using refined elements of Taekkyon,
Shotokan Karate and Kung Fu based on scientific principles of energy, power and
movement. There are traces of 50 typically Kung Fu circular movements, and
many abrupt linear Karate influences in modern TKD.
o 11 April 1955, proposed the name Taekwon-Do to a special board. The name was
accepted by President Rhee Seung Man.
o 1958 – Published the 1 st TKD
textbook.
o 1959 – Became the 1 st President
of the Korean Taekwon-Do
Association (KTA).
o 1960 – Together with Maj Nam Tae
Hi he spread TKD around the
world.
o 1962 – Brought TKD to Malaysia
while serving as the Korean
Ambassador to Malaysia.
o 1964 – Returned to Korea and
reassumed position as 3 rd President of KTA until his resignation in 1966.
o 22 March 1966 – Created the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) with 9
founding members.
o Relocated ITF’s base from Seoul to Montreal, Canada to ensure the political
impartiality, and the international growth of the art.
o 1972 – Updated 1 st TKD textbook. 1980, republished 2 nd Edition of TKD textbook.
o Wrote the Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do, 15 Volumes.
o Widely credited and regarded as the Founder and Father of Taekwon-Do.
o Died June 15 2002 at 84 years, in Pyongyang, DPR Korea.
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ii. INTERNATIONAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (ITF)
o Formed on 22 March 1966, by Gen. Choi Hong Hi, Father of Modern Taekwon-
Do.
o President - Gen. Choi Hong Hi until his demise in
2002.
o 9 founding members’ i.e. Vietnam, Malaysia,
Singapore, West Germany, USA, Turkey, United
Arab Republic, Italy and Korea.
o HQ in Montreal, Canada.
o Objective – To ensure political neutrality and
international growth of TKD.
o Practices semi-contact and traditional styles of TKD
as formalized by Gen. Choi Hong Hi, focusing more
on self defense methodology and patterns
(tuls/hyungs).
o From 1966 to 1971 membership grew to 21 countries. 2002, membership stood at
123 countries around the world.
o 1974 - dispatched 657 Korean Instructors around the
world.
o On Gen. Choi’s passing, ITF has been identified by 3
differing factions i.e.
i. ITF : President – Prof. Chang Un (ref. :
www.itftkd.org)
ii. ITF : President – Master Tran Trieu Quan (ref. :
www.tkd-itf.home.pl)
iii. ITF : President – Grandmaster Choi Jung Hwa (ref. :
www.itf-administration.com)
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iii. WORLD TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (WTF)
o Its formation was initiated by the 6 th President of the
Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA), a politician, Dr.
Kim Un Yong.
o Formed on 28 May 1973 at the 1 st World Taekwondo
Championships in Seoul.
o Dr. Kim Un Yong was elected the 1 st President of WTF
(1971-2004). He remained as President for 31 years until
his resignation in Jan 2004 due to connection with alleged
corruption and embezzlement of TKD funds.
o Objective of WTF – To ensure that the growth and development of TKD is centered
in its mother country, Korea.
o The only official organization
recognized by the Korean government
as the international regulating body for
TKD.
o After the 2 nd World TKD Championship
in Seoul, WTF became an affiliate of
the General Assembly of
International Sports Federation
(GAISF).
o 1973 - WTF established the Kukkiwon
(Chung An Dojang), Mecca for WTF
TKD.
o July, 1980 – IOC recognized and admitted WTF.
o 1982 – The General Session of the IOC designated TKD as an Official
Demonstration Sport at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea.
o Practices full contact sparring and not so much emphasis
on patterns (poomse) although there are WTF Palgwes and
Taegeuks.
o Due to emphasis on sparring, WTF is generally characterized
as being more of a sport than an art.
o Current President Dr. Chungwon Choue (ref. : www.wtf.org )
Dr. Chungwon Choue
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iv. GLOBAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION (GTF)
o Formed on June 14, 1990 by Grandmaster Park Jung Tae, 9th Degree Black
Belt, who was the 2nd
President of Korean
Taekwon-do Association and
former Technical Chairman /
Sec. General of International
TKD Federation (ITF).
o Based in Toronto, Canada.
o Objective - To promote
Taekwon-do worldwide and to provide a peaceful world through moral, physical and
cultural unification between national member organizations.
o 78 countries under the GTF banner.
o Malaysia became a member of the GTF when Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr. Master
Sabree Salleh was appointed a Vice President of GTF by GM Park Jung Tae in
1999.
o Largest affiliate is the European Global Taekwon-do Council(EGTC),
o Has emerged as the ultimate non-political martial arts organization in the world.
o Emphasizes on semi-contact (controlled)
sparring, pattern and self-defence.
o On GM Park’s demise in 2002, the
Presidency was unanimously passed to be
held EXCLUSIVELY by his widow, Mrs.
Linda Park.
o 2005 Meeting of Masters it was unanimously
agreed that Mrs Linda Park be awarded the
Hon. 9 th Degree Black Belt in recognition for
her support and dedication to the
development of TKD.
o Ref. : www.gtftaekwondo.com.
GM Park & Mrs Linda Park
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v. GRANDMASTER PARK JUNG TAE (1943 – 2002)
o Born 1943, Kwang-Ju City, South Korea.
o 1948 - Began training in Martial Art – boxing,
judo and karate
o 1964 Joined Korean army and become
leading Instructor.
o 1965-67, Went to Vietnam as an army
Instructor, training Korean, Vietnamese and
American soldiers in unarmed combat.
o 1968-69 Selected to train Instructors as the
o 1990-1999, Founded the Global Taekwon-do
federation (GTF).
ITF Headquarters in Korea who were being
sent out of the country.
o 1970 – 1988, Pioneered the establishment of
TKD in China, Russia, Europe, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Poland,
Hungary, South & North America, North
Korea and Japan
o 1980 Appointed as Technical Committee
Chairman of ITF.
o 1990-2002, President of the Global Taekwon-do
Federation.
o April 11, 2002, passed away at age 59.
o Widely regarded and ranked as the leading
technical trainer in the world and a TKD legend
in his own time.
o 1984-1998, Elected as Secretary-General
and Instruction Committee Chairman at the
General Congress meeting in Vienna, Austria.
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vi. TKD (MGTF) in Malaysia
o TKD arrived in Malaysia in 1962
o Introduced into Malaysia by Gen. Choi Hong Hi when he was serving as Korean
Ambassador to Malaysia from 1962 – 1964.
o Initial classes were held by invitation at the Korean Embassy in Jalan U-Thant, KL.
o The initial 2 students who were taught by Gen Choi, were Mr. Chan Chee Yong
(deceased), and Grandmaster Low Koon Lin, a Judo instructor then.
o Subsequent training were instructed by, among others, GM Kim Bok Man, Yun Kum
Joong (deceased), CK Choi and many others, which gave birth to the many present
leaders, Masters and GM’s within the ITF, WTF, and GTF camps in Malaysia.
o Grandmaster Low continued the legacy of his TKD training under the banner of
Oriental Physical Culture Academy, and subsequently the International Taekwondo
Academy (ITF).
o 1971, TKD in Malaysia gained national acceptance when Gen Choi was invited by the
late Tunku Abdul Rahman, PM of Malaysia to conduct a demonstration in the
Merdeka Stadium.
o 1975, some members of the Malaysian TKD fraternity opted to join the WTF with the
setting up of the Malaysian Taekwondo Association (MTA).
o Upon his return from abroad in 1985, Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr. Sabree Salleh, 9
Degree Black Belt, who was the Under Secretary General, Chairman of Public
Relations and Executive Director of ITF, established the Malaysian International
Taekwon-do Federation (MITF) in 1986. He was the President and Chief Instructor
from 1986 – 1998.
o In 1994, MITF organized the 9 th International TKD Championship in Terengganu.
The Malaysian team won a Gold medal in the team Pattern event, 13 medals and 4 th
placing over 74 countries.
o In 1999, MITF withdrew from ITF and affiliated itself to the Global Taekwon-do
Federation. MITF changed its name to MGTF with Grandmaster Dato’ Prof. Dr.
Sabree Salleh serving as its 1 st President and Founder.
o
o Today, TKD in Malaysia is
represented by ITFM, ITF, MTA,
MGTF, PGTF and many others.
o The Ministry of Youth and
Sports is currently undertaking
efforts to unite all TKD
associations under one
governing body to regulate and
ensure the effective teaching
and coaching of TKD in
Malaysia.
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vii. MALAYSIAN GLOBAL TAEKWON-DO FEDERATION
(MGTF)
o MGTF came into being on the 1 st September
1999.
o The 1 st President was Grandmaster Dato’ Prof.
Dr. Master Sabree Salleh, DSSA, DPMT, AMN,
PJC, PJK, DSM, OIM, Order of Friendship (DPR
Korea), (9th Degree Blackbelt), who was also
the Vice President for GTF.
o MGTF is registered and recognized by Ministry
Of Youth and Sports Malaysia, the Ministry of
Education Malaysia, the Malaysian Sports
Commission, the National Fitness Council and
the Rakan Muda Wajadiri Program.
o MGTF has 13 State affiliations including the
Malaysian Police and the Malaysian Prison TKD Association.
o It has 70,000 members throughout Malaysia.
o Its patron is the the King of Malaysia DYMM Al-Wathiqu Billah Tuanku Mizan Zainal
Abidin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, D.K.M., D.K.T.,
D.K.R., D.M.N., S.U.M.Z., S.S.M.T., S.P.M.T., D.K.(Perlis), D.K.(Johor),
D.K.M.B.(Brunei)., D.K.(Perak), D.K.(Negeri Sembilan), D.K.(Kedah),
D.K.(Kelantan), .K.(Selangor), S.P.M.J., Commandeur de la Legion d’Honneur
(France), the Sultan of Terengganu (7 Degree Black Belt).
o MGTF is based at Shah Alam, Selangor. (ref. : www.mgtf.org.my)
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o The incumbent Office Bearers / Committee of the MGTF are as follows :-
o
1. PATRON : SERI PADUKA BAGINDA YANG DI-
PERTUAN AGONG Al-WATHIQU BILLAH
TUANKU MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN IBNI Al-
MARHUM SULTAN MAHMUD Al-MUKTAFI
BILLAH SHAH
2. ADVISOR : GRANDMASTER DATO DR
SABREE SALLEH
3. PRESIDENT : MASTER AMIR MD NOOR
4. V.PRESIDENT (ADMIN) : ABDUL RAZAK
ABDUL RAHMAN
5. V.PRESIDENT (TECHNICAL) : MASTER
YEOW CHENG WATT, PJK
6. SECRETARY GENERAL : MASTER DR (H)
JOHN MOHD ABD RAHIM
7. ASST. SECRETARY GENERAL :
MUHAMMAD SHAHNAZ AZMI
8. TREASURER : MASTER RICKIE LOW AH
KUAN
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4. PHILOSOPHY OF TAEKWON-DO
� TKD is more than just a physical system of exercise and self defense. It is a way of life.
� The philosophical basis of modern TKD stems from the legacy of the 5 Codes of Human
Conduct as practiced by the ancient Hwarangdo warriors i.e. Loyalty, Filial Duty,
Trustworthiness, Valor and Justice.
� This code has been correlated into the 11 Commandments of modern TKD i.e.
Loyalty to your country Respect your parents Indomitable spirit
Faithfulness to your spouse Loyalty to your friends Loyalty to your school
Respect your brothers and
Respect your elders
sisters
Finish what you begin
Respect your teachers Never take life unjustly
� “On the spiritual level, Taekwon-Do is derived from the traditional, ethical and moral
principles of the orient and, of course, from my personal philosophy.” – Gen Choi Hong Hi
� To appreciate the value of the art, students must practice all facets of Taekwon-Do,
including the Do, so as to understand the “why”, not only the “how”. – Moral Culture, Gen
Choi Hong Hi
� TKD provides the solid philosophy and the tools to put in place a structure to teach the
mental and spiritual aspects of Taekwon-Do so that practitioners will be able to achieve a
balanced life and happiness.
� Taekwon-Do can be a Powerful Tool for Social Development to improve the quality of life
of communities and to help eradicate social problems such as drug abuse and juvenile
delinquency, providing structure, discipline, and self-confidence that carry over into all
aspects of life.
� Taekwon-Do is a means of building a better society on a foundation of peace, freedom,
and justice,
� Taekwon-Do is a means to address an upsurge in violence; loss of morality in all levels of
society; victimization of the weak; extreme materialism and egoism.
� The utmost purpose of Taekwon-Do is to eliminate fighting by discouraging the
oppression of the weak by the strong with a power that must be based on humanity,
justice, morality, wisdom and faith, thus helping to build a better and more peaceful world.
� “It is my firm belief that through Taekwon-Do, anyone can garner enough strength to
become a guardian of justice, to challenge social disunity and, to cultivate the human
spirit to the highest level attainable.“ – Gen Choi Hong Hi
� The philosophy of Taekwon-Do is based on the ethical, moral, and spiritual standards by
which men can live together in harmony.
� Its art and patterns are inspired by the ideals and exploits of great men from Korean
history.
� Each Tul (pattern) of Taekwon-Do expresses the thoughts and the actions of these great
men, so the students of Taekwon-Do must reflect the true intentions of those whose
name each Tul bears.
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� For eg. Po-Eun
Po-Eun is a more advanced pattern and is introduced at the Black Belt level, 1st degree.
Po-Eun is named after Chong Mong-Chu, a 13th Century Korean poet famous for his
poem I would not serve a second master, though I might be crucified a hundred times and
who was also a pioneer in the science of physics. General Choi chose this name and the
diagram, which signifies unique, to emphasize the importance of loyalty.
� Under no circumstances should Taekwon-Do be used for any commercial or political
purpose whatsoever.
� The philosophies and guidelines by which all serious students of TKD are encouraged to
live are :-
1. Be willing to go where the going may be tough and do the things that are worth doing
even though they are difficult.
2. Be gentle to the weak and tough to the strong.
3. Be content with what you have in money and position but never in skills.
4. Always finish what you begin, be it large or small.
5. Be a willing teacher to anyone regardless of religion, race or ideology.
6. Never yield to repression or threat in the pursuit of a noble cause.
7. Teach attitude and skill with action rather than words.
8. Always be yourself even though your circumstances may change.
9. Be the eternal teacher who teaches with the body when young, with words when old, and
by moral precept even after death.
� The philosophy of TKD is embodied in the Tenets of TKD and Student’s Oath.
� The development of the Taekwon-Do philosophy by General Choi Hong Hi was
influenced by philosophers such as Confucius and Lao Tzu, and by the philosophy of
martial arts. However, the fundamental values as expressed in the tenets of Taekwon-
Do, are universal.
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TENETS OF TAEKWON-DO
Ye Ui Courtesy Kesopanan
Yom Chi Integrity Akhlak Mulia,
Integriti
In Nae Self-Control Kawal Diri
Guk Gi Perseverance Ketabahan
Baekjool
Boolgool
The ITF Student’s Oath
I shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-do
I shall respect the Instructor and Seniors
I shall never misuse Taekwon-do
I shall be champion of freedom and justice
I shall build a more peaceful world
Ikrar Pelajar ITF
Saya akan mematuhi rukun-rukun Taekwon-do
Saya akan menghormati Guru-Guru dan
mereka yang terdahulu dari saya
Saya tidak akan salah gunakan Taekwon-do
Saya akan menjadi juara kebebasan dan
keadilan
Saya akan membina dunia yang lebih aman
dan sentosa
* To view the recital of the Tenets of TKD
and Student’s Oath please proceed to the
Video Gallery.
Indomitable
Spirit
STUDENT’S OATH
Semangat
Waja
The GTF Student Oath
As a member of the GTF, I shall
respect rank and seniors
be courteous to others
be loyal and trustworthy
strive for world peace and harmony
act in the true spirit of Taekwon-do
Ikrar Pelajar GTF
Sebagai ahli GTF saya akan
menghormati barisan mereka yang terdahulu
dari saya,
sopan kepada semua,
setia dan jujur,
berusaha kearah keamanan dan keharmonian
bertindak dengan semangat benar Taekwondo
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5. DYNAMICS OF TAEKWON-DO
� The study of Taekwon-Do is categorized into two parts, spiritual discipline and
technical perfection.
� The physical techniques of Taekwon-Do are based on the principles of modern
science, in particular, Newtonian physics which teaches us how to generate
maximum power. Military tactics of attack and defense have also been incorporated.
� In the technical area, the techniques are based on the following principles:
1. all movement should be designed to produce maximum power in accordance with scientific
formulas and the principle of kinetic energy;
2. the principles behind the techniques should be so clear that even those ignorant to Taekwon-
Do will be able to distinguish correct from incorrect movement;
3. the distance and angle of each movement should be exactly defined in order to achieve more
efficient attack and defence;
4. the purpose and method of each movement should be clear and simple, in order to facilitate
the teaching and learning process;
5. rational teaching methods should be developed so that the benefits of Taekwon-Do can be
enjoyed by everyone, young and old, men and women;
6. correct breathing methods should be devised, enhancing the speed of each movement and
reducing fatigue;
7. attack should be possible against any vital spot on the body and it should be possible to
defend against all varieties of attack;
8. each attacking tool should be clearly defined and soundly based on the structure of the human
body;
9. each movement should be easy to execute, enabling the student to enjoy Taekwon-Do as a
sport and recreation;
10. special consideration should be paid to promoting good health and preventing injuries;
11. each movement should be harmonious and rhythmical so that Taekwon-Do is aesthetically
pleasing;
12. each movement in a pattern must express the personality and spiritual character of the person
it is named after.
� Adherence to these basic principles is what makes Taekwon-Do a martial art, an
aesthetic art, a science and sport.
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� When training students should keep in mind the following secrets:
1. To study the Theory Of Power thoroughly…in relation to the principles of Sine Wave.
2. To understand the purpose and method of each movement clearly.
3. To bring the action of eyes, hands, feet and breath into one single coordinated action.
4. To choose the appropriate attacking tool for each vital spot.
5. To become familiar with the correct angle and distance for attack and defence.
6. Keep both the arms and legs bent slightly while movement is in motion.
7. All movements must begin with a backward motion with very few exceptions. However, once
the movement is in motion it should not be stopped before reaching the target.
8. To create a sine wave during the movement by utilizing the knee spring properly i.e. winding.
9. To exhale briefly at the moment of each blow excepting a connecting motion.
� Taekwon-Do movements respect and work in harmony with the physical laws and
constitution of the human body.
� The techniques of Taekwon-Do can be represented as a circle. Each of the individual
methods of training is added gradually, building on techniques already learned, but the
student continues to practice all the different components.
� Incessant training is essential to keep oneself in top form and physical condition to the
point that action becomes conditioned reflexes.
� The four components of TKD training are :-
I. Pattern – Fundamental Movements
II. Sparring
III. Self Defense
IV. Breaking
I. Fundamental Movements
• There are more than 3,000 fundamental movements in Taekwon-Do. These movements
are basic elements that can be likened to musical notes; when linked, they produce a
harmonious result.
• These fundamental movements use all parts of the body and are performed in harmony
with the Theory of Power of Taekwon-Do.
• Student will practice these movements regularly with the goal of mastering each one of
them, defensive and attack movements alike, to build their own individual storehouse of
fundamental movements so that they will be available when needed.
• When practicing fundamental movements, the student must strive to use good technique,
demonstrating balance, co-ordination, and good finishing (carrying through to complete
the movement).
• The fundamental movements are grouped together into pre designed individual patterns
i.e. tuls, hyungs, poomses. There are 24 patterns in ITF TKD, and 29 in GTF TKD.
• Patterns are best described as a form of shadow boxing against a single or multiple
imaginary opponents.
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II. Sparring
• Although Taekwon-Do is a defensive art, training by the practical application of
techniques against a real adversary, or several, is very important. It is an excellent way to
check what a student has learned. Sparring builds self-control, self-confidence, and
courage.
• There are two types of sparring: step sparring and free sparring.
• Step Sparring:
- prearranged sparring i.e. planned by the players.
- agree on the rules, such as the number of steps to be taken, the target to be attacked,
the tool to be used
- there is no contact ; the purpose is to develop control by stopping just short of the
target.
- three levels of step sparring: 3-step for beginners, 2-step or intermediate, and 1-step
or advanced.
- helps the student understand the purpose of the movements; to master interaction with
the opponent regarding stances and distances; to develop faster reflexes and
instantaneous response in self-defense.
• Free Sparring:
- not pre-arranged i.e. no prescribed number of steps or movements.
- essentially open combat with controlled attacks using all available means and
methods.
- in order to prevent injury, protective equipment is worn.
- the attacker must stop the attacking tool just before reaching certain vital spots. Only
blows that stop two centimeters from a vital spot are counted.
- evaluation of free sparring is based on accuracy, speed, timing, distance, and quality
of technique executed.
- balance, blocking and dodging skills, and attitude are also very important.
III. Breaking
• Breaking is part of the program for promotion to each higher level.
• The goal of breaking is to allow the student to develop self-confidence.
• Breaking demonstrates that the student has mastered the techniques that allow him/her
to produce max power.
• Power breaking demonstrates technical efficiency, precision, aim, and power.
• Special techniques in breaking combine athletic performance with perfect execution of
techniques. These techniques include flying techniques. Height and length of movements
are emphasized.
• It is very important to practice breaking without hurting oneself. Therefore, thorough
preparation is essential.
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IV. Self-defense
• All Taekwon-Do techniques are to be used only for self-defence. They are not to be used
for aggression, except in cases of grave immediate danger for the practitioner or
someone he must protect. Any other use would be considered assault.
• Because of safety concerns, the rules of competition prohibit the use of techniques using
the elbow, knee, or head as well as attacks below the belt.
• However, these additional techniques may be needed in special circumstances, for
example when defending against armed opponents, or from a sitting or prone position.
Therefore, these techniques are practiced in training.
• Once mastered, the techniques will be available for use in genuinely dangerous
situations.
6. PATTERNS
• “Patterns are a series of fundamental movements assimilated into one harmonious body
so as to imbue upon the practitioner a sense of complete awareness for the effective
execution of defense and attack techniques against a single or several opponents
advancing from multiple directions. In this context it is a form of shadow boxing which
allows for the development of self confidence through the control of self and
surrounding.” – Khaldun Redza
• Practice of patterns develops sparring techniques, improves flexibility of movements,
masters body shifting, builds muscles and breath control, promotes fluid and smooth
motions, gains rhythmical control and teaches the theory of power.
• Patterns are a crucial barometer, yardstick for benchmarking an individual’s mastery of
self defense techniques.
• “Patterns are inspired by the ideals and exploits of great men from Korean history.
Korea’s famous military and civil leaders who in nearly 5,000 years of Korean history
have never invaded their neighbor yet who fought bravely and made self sacrifices to
defend their homeland against invading armies. I also included the names of patriots who
willingly gave up their lives to regain Korea’s freedom and independence..” Gen Choi
Hong Hi
• By practicing and understanding the meanings of each of the TKD patterns, the
practitioner would be able to attain a fusion of being at one with the ideals of TKD,
respect it, and never use it in a dishonorable way.
• A proper understanding of the patterns leads to the realization that TKD is a martial art to
be used only for Self Defense in the cause of Peace and Justice.
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• There are 24 patterns in ITF TKD and 29 pattersn in GTF TKD.
The Reason for 24 Patterns :-
“The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with
eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travelers who pass by the eternal years
of an eon in a day. It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time.
Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for
thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming
generations, in this way, gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material is
not; therefore, what we can do to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is, perhaps,
the most important thing in our lives.
Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late 20th century. The 24 patterns
represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life. The name of the pattern, the number of movements,
and the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolizes either heroic figures in Korean history
or instances relating to historical events.” - General Choi, Hong Hi
Reproduced, from "Taekwon-Do (The Korean Art of Self Defense)" also known as "The
Condensed Encyclopedia."
Fifth Edition 1999, All rights reserved
Copyright 1988, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1999 General Choi, Hong Hi.
• GTF has added 5 new patterns to this original list.
• The Patterns are :
1.
# NAME #
STEPS
CHON-JI
(ITF/GTF)
2. JEE-SANG
(GTF)
3. DAN-GUN
(ITF/GTF)
4. DO-SAN
(ITF/GTF)
5. WON-HYO
(ITF/GTF)
6. DHAN-GOON
(GTF)
19
MEANING
"Heaven and the Earth". It is, in the Orient interpreted as the
creation of the world or the beginning of human history, thus it
is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern
consists of two similar parts-one to represent the Heaven and
the other the Earth.
24 The 24 movements represent the 24 hours of the day that we
learn, we connect with others, we gain insights, knowledge
and wisdom. The 4 directions represent our inner compass.
With it we will never lose our way. When we connect the "Jee"
and the "Sang", we connect the heavens and the earth to
create an invisible strength that will always live on.
21 Named after Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the
year 2333 B.C.
24 Pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch'ang-Ho (1876-1938) who
devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and
its independent movement.
28 A noted scholar and pious man of the Silla Dynasty in the year
of 686 A.D.
23 Named after the legendary founder of Korea. The 23
movements represent the first 2 digits of the year 2333 B.C.,
the year assigned by the government of South Korea as the
birth date of Korea. This is Grand Master Park Jung Tae's
progressive interpretation of a traditional taekwon-do pattern.
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7. YUL-GOK
(ITF/GTF)
8. JOONG-GUN
(ITF/GTF)
9. TOI-GYE
(ITF/GTF)
10. HWA-RANG
(ITF/GTF)
11. JEEGOO
(GTF)
12. CHOONG-
MOO
(ITF/GTF)
13. KWANG-GAE
(ITF/GTF)
14. PO-EUN
(ITF/GTF)
15. GE-BAEK
(ITF/GTF)
38
Pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536-
1584 A.D.) nicknamed the "Confucious of Korea." The 38
moves of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 38 degree
latitude and the diagram represents "scholar".
32 Named after the patriot An Joong-Gun who assasinated Hiro-
Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known
as the man who played the leading part of the Korea-Japan
merger. There are 32 movements in the pattern to represent
An's age when he was executed at the Lui-Shung prison in
1910.
37 Pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th A.D.), an
authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the
pattern refer to his birthplace on 37 degree latitude, the
diagram represents "scholar".
29 Named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in
the Silla Kingdom about 2000 years ago. This group
eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of
the three Kingdoms of Korea. The 29 movements refer to the
29th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-do developed into
maturity.
30 Means "Global". The ready stance is a parallel ready stance
with forearms crossed. This stance symbolizes the crossing
out of the years of strife in Taekwon-do. The first movement
represents breaking away from the past and reflects
Grandmaster Parks desire for world peace and harmony. The
30 movements are divided into 24, 4 and 2. The number 24
represents the hours in the day, so that the thought of world
peace and harmony will be with us every second. The number
4 represents the 4 directions of North, South, East and West
for all people of all nations. The number 2 is demonstrated by
playing the pattern twice in each direction to reaffirm our
commitment to the idea of world peace and harmony.
30 Given name to the great Admiral Yi Sun-Sin of the Yi Dynasty.
He was reputed to the invented the first armored battleship
(kobukson) which was the precursor of the present day
submarine in 1592 A.D. The reason why this pattern ends up
with the left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death
having no chance to show his unrestrained potential checked
by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.
39 Named after the famous Gwang-Gae-To-Wang, the 19th King
of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all lost territories
including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram
represents the expansion and recovery of the lost territory.
The 39 movements refer to his reign for 39 years.
36 Pseudonym of the loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 A.D.)
who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a
second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is
known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of
physics. The diagram (-) represents his unerring loyalty to king
and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.
44 Named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty
(660 A.D.). The diagram (|) represents his severe and strict
military discipline.
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16. EUI-AM
(ITF/GTF)
17. CHOONG-
JANG
(ITF/GTF)
18. JOOK-AM
(GTF)
19. JUCHE
(ITF)
20. KO-DANG
(ITF/GTF)
21. SAM-IL
(ITF/GTF)
22. YOO-SIN
(ITF/GTF)
23. CHOI-YONG
(ITF/GTF)
24. YON-GE
(ITF/GTF)
45 Pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean
independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45
movements relate to his age when he changed the name of
Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way)
in 1905. The diagram (|) represents his indomitable spirit
displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his
nation.
52 Pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during
the Yi Dynasty, 15th century. This pattern ends with a lefthand
attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in
prison before he was able to reach full maturity.
95 Pseudonym for the GrandMaster Park Jung Tae. Jook means
a bamboo which shoots up straight-forward without any
curvature, it's roots intertwining to form an inseparable force.
Am is an immovable boulder from which teh bamboo plants its'
roots to form an unshakable foundation. This pattern
represents GrandMaster Park Jung Tae's life and his struggle
for perfection. The diagram is a representation of a bamboo
shooting up from the boulder. The 95 movements of this
pattern symbolizes the year 1995 in which Jook-Am was
created. In the history of all martial arts, this is the longest
pattern ever made.
45 A philosophical idea that man is the master of everything. The
philosophy is that man is the master of the world and governs
his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu
Mountain which symbolises the spirit of the Korean people.
The diagram of the pattern traces the Chinese and Korean
letter "mountain". It represents Baekdu Mountain.
39 Pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life
to the independence movement and education of his people.
The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his
birthplace on the 39th parallel (between north and south
Korea).
33 Denotes the historical date of the independence movement of
Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919.
The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who
planned the movement.
68 Named after General Kim Yoo Sin, commanding general
during the Silla Dynasty, who unifoed the three separate
kingdoms of Korea. The 68 movements refer to the last two
figures of 668 A.D. the year Korea was united.
46 Named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-
Chief of the Armed Forces during the 14 th tcentury Koryo
Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty,
patriotism and humility. He was executed by his subordinate
commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later
became the first king of the Yi Dynasty.
49 Named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty,
Yon Gae Somun. The 49 movements refer to the last two
figures of 649 A.D., the year he forced the Dang Dynasty to
quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 Chinese troops at
Ansi Sung.
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25. UL-JI
(ITF/GTF)
26. MOON-MOO
(ITF/GTF)
27. SO-SAN
(ITF/GTF)
28. SE-JONG
(ITF/GTF)
29. TONG-IL
(ITF/GTF)
42 Named after general Ul-Ji Mun Kuk who successfully
defended Korea against a Chinese invasion force of nearly
one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D. Ul-Ji employed
hit and run guerilla tactics and was able to decimate a large
percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname.
The 42 movements represents the author's age when he
designed the pattern.
61 Honors the 13th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried
near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will,
the body be placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever
defend my land against the Japanese." It is said that the Sok
Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok
Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty.
The 61 movements in the pattern symbolize the last two
figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne.
72 Pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyung Ung, 1520 - 1604,
during the Yi Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age
when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the
assistance of his pupil Samung Dang. The monk soldiers
helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the
Korean peninsular in 1592.
24 Named after the greatest Korean King, Se-Jong, who invented
the Korean alphabet in 1443 A.D., and was also a noted
meteorologist. The diagram represents the King, while the 24
movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.
56 Denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea, which has
been divided since 1945. The diagram (|) symbolizes the
homogenous race.
• Important Points to look out for while performing patterns :-
1. Pattern should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This will indicate the performer’s
accuracy.
2. Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.
3. Muscles of the body should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments in
the exercise.
4. The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness.
5. Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in this book.
6. Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.
7. Students should know the purpose of each movement.
8. Students should perform each movement with realism.
9. Attack and defense techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands
and feet.
• Please refer to the Articles Page of classictkd.com for a
diagrammatic description of the individual colored belt and black
belt patterns, which will be posted from time to time.- KR
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7. COLOURED BELT GRADING SYLLABUS – by
White to White Yellow
10 – 9 Grade
Saju Cirigi
Saju Makgi
Front Leg Raising
Front Kick
Side Kick
Lower Block, Upper Block, Knife
Hand
Yellow – Green to Green
7 - 6 Grade
Dan Gun
Do San
Checking Kick + Side Kick
Turning Kick + Back Kick (diff leg)
Twisting Kick
1-step Sparring
3
mths
Green to Green – Blue
6 – 5 Grade
Do San
Won Hyo
Reverse Hooking Kick
Turning + Twisting Kick (Diff leg)
Crescent Kick + Side Kick
1-step Sparring
Free Sparring
Blue Red to Red
3 - 2 Grade
Joong-Gun
Toi Gae
1 more tul
Flying Turning Kick
Reverse Turning Kick
Flying Back Kick (Back leg)
1-step Sparring
Self Defense
Free Sparring
Khaldun Redza
3
months
3 months
3 months
3 months
White Yellow to Yellow
9 - 8 Grade
Chon-Ji
Front Kick
Side Kick
Turning Kick
3-step Sparring
3
mths
Yellow to Yellow - Green
8-7 Grade
Chon-Ji
Dan Gun
Front Kick + Turning Kick (diff leg)
Back Kick
Side Kick + Back Kick (diff leg)
3-step Sparring
Green – Blue to Blue
5 - 4 Grade
Won Hyo
Yul -Gok
Front Kick + Turning Kick
Sliding Side Kick (Back leg)
Downward Kick
1-step Sparring
Free Sparring
3
mth
s
Blue to Blue Red
4 - 3 Grade
Yul –Gok
Joong-Gun
Side Kick Flying Side Kick
Turning Kick + Reverse Hooking
Kick (Diff leg)
Flying Front Kick (Back leg)
1-step Sparring
Free Sparring
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3
mth
s
Red to Red – Red Black
2 - 1 Grade
Toi Gae
Hwa Rang
1 more tul
Flying Reverse Hooking Kick
One Step Flying Side Kick
Reverse Hooking + Turning Kick
(same leg)
1-step Sparring
Self Defense
Free Sparring
6 months
1. 1 st Dan to 2 nd Dan = 2 years
2. 2 nd Dan to 3 rd Dan = 3 years
3. 3 rd Dan to 4 th Dan = 4 years
4. 4 th Dan to 5 th Dan = 5 years
5. 5 th Dan to 6 th Dan = 6 years
6. 6 th Dan to 7 th Dan = 7 years
Red Black – Black Belt
1 Grade – 1 st Deg
Hwa Rang
Choong Moo
1 more tul
Flying Reverse Hooking Kick
Two Step Flying Side Kick
Jumping High Front Kick
Self Defense
Free Sparring
Free Sparring - Multiple
Power Breaking
• All those who have successfully undertaken the grading test will be issued with a
certified/accredited certificate.
• Results will be announced within 1 month from date of Grading.
• The periods indicated are estimates only which is subject to the individual’s overall
performance. The Instructor reserves the right to approve a student for Grading.
• Grading will be conducted by a Senior Instructor i.e. 4 th Dan above, with the exception of
4 th Dan Grading onwards which must be conducted by a Grandmaster, Senior Master or
Master.
• The Association or Senior Instructor reserves the right to amend or append the syllabus
as he/she deems necessary.
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• Red - Black belts who have undertaken their Black Belt examinations and have passed
are subjected to the following rules and conditions :-
i. Certificates will be issued only after one year from the date of Grading at the
discretion of the Instructor,
ii. The Black Belt will undergo a 1 year probationary period after which the Instructor
shall reserve the right to withhold the certificate as he/she deems fit on the
assessment of the performance or behavior of the individual Black Belt,
iii. Black Belts are not to be absent from training for longer than 2 months without due
acceptable reasons upon which the grading results will be deemed null and void and
withdrawn,
iv. Black Belts are to assist the Instructor in all areas pertaining to TKD as and when the
Instructor directs,
v. Black Belts are to uphold at all times the strict Code Of Conduct of TKD, of the school
and as taught by the Instructor.
vi. Breach of any of the above conditions will result in a review of the Grading result by
the Senior Instructor or Association, and may result in a withdrawal of the
certification.
• A Junior Black is a student who is below 16 years of age. To take the 1st Dan
Examination, a student must be at least 16 years of age in the year of the grading. A 1st
Dan has a more difficult power-breaking exam and a much higher standard of expertise
will be expected during the grading. When the Junior Black Belt student reaches the age
of 16, and if he or she is mature enough and is recommended by their Instructor, they
can take the upgrading examination to 1st Dan.
• 9 is the highest single digit number. It is made up of 3s (3x3). In the orient, the number 3
carries high esteem. The ideograph of 3 also contains 3 horizontal lines that symbolize
heaven, mankind and earth. The 9 black belt groups are represented as 3 groups: (1st,
2nd, 3rd Degree) - 1st Level, (4th, 5th & 6th Degree) - 2nd Level, (7th, 8th & 9th Degree)
- 3rd Level.
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8. BELT SYSTEM – by Khaldun Redza
• The system of awarding belts to martial exponents originates from the use of the Obi’s
(Belts) in Judo to represent the respective gup/kyu/dan (kyu is the Japanese equivalent
of gup) ranking systems.
• It was first introduced and developed by Jigoro Kano the inventor of Judo, who also
introduced the first gi. He used black and white kimono Obi’s to differentiate between the
yudansha (dan ranks) and mudansha (those who hadn't yet attained dan ranking).
• It was further elaborated upon by Funakoshi in Karate.
• Taekwon-do utilizes a traditional belt system that denotes the student's progression from
Novice Student to Senior Student (Black Belt). The belt system helps the student set
short-term achievable goals as student begins their journey on the path of Taekwon-do.
• The colors of the belts in Taekwon-do represent a variety of things, on many levels. They
are not randomly selected.
"The colors have not been arbitrarily selected. They are in fact, steeped in tradition. The
colors of black, red and blue denote the various levels of hierarchy during the Koguryo
and Silla Dynasties," writes General Choi in the Encyclopedia of Taekwondo. They tell
a symbolic story.
The color white signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no
previous knowledge of Tae Kwon Do.
The color yellow signifies the earth. The beginning student begins to create a
firm foundation in Tae Kwon Do technique, just as a seed begins to expand its
root system deep in the earth as it begins to grow.
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
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The color green represents growth, like that of the green plant as it sprouts out of
the ground. The student has built a firm foundation and now begins to grow in
the art of Tae Kwon Do.
The color blue represents the sky. Reminding the student to reach for the
heavens and continue their Tae Kwon Do journey.
The color of blood signifies danger and is a warning to the student to temper her
newly found skills and techniques with control and wisdom.
The opposite of white signifies maturity and dignity, as that of a senior student of
Tae Kwon Do who has learned the basic curriculum of Tae Kwon Do and is
ready to become a true student of Tae Kwon Do.
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9. TERMINOLOGIES
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‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
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‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

More Terminologies – source www.itf-tkd.com
Counting
1 Hana 1st il
2 Tull 2nd ee
3 Set 3rd sam
4 Net 4th sar
5 Dasut 5th oh
6 Yusut 6th yuk
7 Ilgop 7th chil
8 Yeodul 8th pal
9 Ahop 9th koo
10 Yeol 10th ship
Basics
Uniform dobok
Instructor sobom nim
Training Hall dojang
Chief Instructor kwan jang nim
School kwan
Belt tee
Attention charyot
Bow kyong-nye
Ready joonbi
Start shi jak
Stop geuman
Shout ki hap
Return pa-ro
Turn Around dwi-ro-dola
At ease shiu
Flag kuk gi
Grade kup
Degree dan
Left wen
RIght orun
Reverse bandae
Basic kibon
Dismiss hae-san
Free sparring kyoreugi
Breaking kyukpa
Self defense hosinsul
1 Step hanbeon kyoreugi
3 Step sebeon kyoreugi
Pre arranged machueo kyoreugi
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

Parts of the Body
Body mom
Hand son
Foot bal
Wrist palmok
Head meo ri
Chin teok
Nose ko
Mouth ip
Chest kasum
Arm pal
Elbow palkup
Leg dari
Knee mureup
Neck mok
Eye nun
Ear kwi
Forehead ima
Fist joomok
Hammerfist me joomok
Reverse Knifehand sonnal deung
Palm batang son
Two finger strike gawison keut
Ball of Foot apchook
Back of Heel dwikoomchi
Instep baldeung
Toe palgarak
Backfist deung joomok
Knifehand sonnal
Arc Hand ageum son
Spear fingers pyonson keut
Single finger strike hanson keut
Base of heel dwichook
Side of foot balnal
Inside of foot balbadak
Finger songarak
Sections of the Body
Low arae
Mid momtong
Face eolgul
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consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

Techniques
Stance seogi
Thrusting chireugi
Kick chagi
Inner an
Punch jireugi
Strike chigi
Block makki
Outer bakkat
Stances - seogi
Ready joonbi
Long walking stance apkoobi
Horse riding stance joochum seogi
Attention stance charyot seogi
One leg stance haktari seogi
Closed stance moa seogi
Walking stance apseogi
Back stance dwikoobi
Tiger stance beom seogi
Easy stance pyeonhi seogi
X stance koa seogi
Parallel naranhi seogi
Kicks - chagi
Front kick ap chagi
Turning kick dollyo chagi
Axe kick chikyo chagi
Reverse kick bandae dollyo chagi
Hooking kick hooryo chagi
Crescent kick bandal chagi
Side kick yeop chagi
Back kick dwi chagi
Half turning kick bit chagi
Push kick milyo chagi
Front leg hook kick ap hooryo chagi
Jumping kick twieo chagi
Strikes - chigi
Punch jireugi
Downward punch naeryo jireugi
Upturned punch jeochyo jireugi
Side punch yeop jireugi
Double punch duebon jireugi
Uppercut punch chi jireugi
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
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"C" punch digeut jireugi
Blocks - makki
High block eolgul makki
Low block arae makki
Guarding block geoderao makki
Wedging block hechyo makki
Scissor block gawi makki
"X" block eotgeoreo makki
Mid block momtong makki
Palm block batangson
Inner block an makki
Outer
bakkat palmok
makki
Mountain block santeul makki
Single knifehand
block
hansonal makki
Competition Terminology
Red hong
Start shi jak
Warning kyong go
Body protector hogoo
Blue chung
Break kalyeo
Deduction point gamjum
Continue kyesok
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.

10. CODE OF CONDUCT - RULES & PROTOCOL OF TKD
TRAINING
• There are some courtesy rules and rules of conduct in a Taekown-Do Dojang.
• It is important to pay attention to these rules.
• In a Taekwon-Do class techniques will be practiced which could bring major harm to the
partner if they aren’t done with the necessary focus.
• Taekwon-Do is the art of self defence, the twin peaks of discipline and respect are
integral part of system
• A Taekwon-Do trainee should potray self discipline and respect to the highest level.
• Some of the basic mannerism for a training session:
1. The most senior belts student always stand to the right.
2. Stand firm and erect. Always pay respect by bowing to the instructor and senior.
3. A junior belt student should always respect his senior by bowing.
4. A senior acknowledges this by returning his bow.
5. Should a student be late for a training student, while the session is in progress,
he should quickly go to the front and bow to the instructor and then to the class to
indicate that he is sorry for being late.
6. In the training centre, training is scheduled for a particular day and time. If the
instructor is not present automatically the most senior belt student will commence
the class at the scheduled time.
7. 8. A Taekwon-Do student will show respect to his instructor and seniors not only
during training sessions but also outside. This sense of strong discipline will
mould him to be a good and useful citizen.
8. All Taekwon-Do instructors representing the State or the national association,
when they visit a training centre, they will be also accorded the same respect as
a senior Taekwon-Do instructor.
• 3 important key points to note when training in martial arts are:-
1. Give you fullest and undivided attention to your Instructor at all times.
2. Understand what is being taught. If unclear, ask.
3. Practice, practice and more practice..at home or when not in the Dojang. Only
30% of the training is developed in the Dojang. The balance 70% is done by the
student in his/her own time.
A. ENTERING THE DOJANG
1. Students should be in full uniform when they enter the Dojang.
2. Remove all watches, rings and accessories before class.
3. Upon entering, the students should bow at the door or entrance to the Dojang to
demonstrate respect for their place of learning.
4. They should then bow to the Instructors, then to the seniors even though class has not
yet started.
5. The Student should also bow at the entrance before leaving the Dojang; before any
partner exercises; upon falling in line before training, again prior dismissal; Exchange
greeting (bow) between students.
6. The student is to wash or clean their feet before entering the training area.
7. Once completed the student should then go to the back of the Dojang and practice his
patterns and techniques until class begins.
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
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8. If he/she needs help, he should approach the seniors so that he/she can perfect the
techniques.
B. ENTERING CLASS
1. Wear a white and clean Dobok (uniform) without patches and lettering (only those
specified). Don’t wear a undershirt inside the Dobok (except women)
2. Bind your belt before falling in line. Use the correct knot.
3. Do not wear shoes, watches or jewelry during class.
4. Pay attention to hygiene especially shorten toe and fingernails.
5. Keep the training hall clean.
6. When lining up, the students must line up with their Senior belt to their right. If both
students have the same belt, then the most senior is the student who took the grading
first. If both took it at the same time, then the most senior is the one who has been
training longer. If both trained equal time, then the most senior is the oldest by age.
7. If a student is late, then the student must first come to the front of the class, bow to the
Instructor and give their excuse, then bow to the class before taking their place at the
back of the class. They should not interrupt the class but proceed to the back of the class
by the side walkway.
8. The student should stand in front of the class and wait for the Instructor to acknowledge
him/her before bowing. The student should not wave or attract the attention of the
Instructor to bow to him /her.
9. Be on time for class. Students should not be late unless they have a very good reason.
10. At the start of the class the most senior student standing at the right of the class shall call
the class to attention, bow to the Instructor and greet the Instructor accordingly i.e. Good
morning, afternoon, evening Sir.
C. ASKING QUESTIONS
1. If you wish to ask your Instructor or Senior a Question, bow to your Instructor or Senior
first, then ask the Question, before bowing again and thanking them.
2. If you need to leave class once class has started, ie. you need a drink, want to rest, etc.
go to the front of the class, bow to the Instructor, tell him what you want and if permitted,
bow again and only then rest.
3. If you are in class and want to ask a Question, put up your hand. When your Instructor
queries you, bow to your Instructor, ask your Question, then wish tahnk you and bow
again upon receiving the answer.
D. TRAINING
1. No unnecessary talking and no loud laughing during class.
2. Keep quiet during sitting down. Don’t lean on the wall
3. Students must concentrate and give their utmost during each training.
4. If your Instructor gives you an order, you must obey immediately.
5. Students are not permitted to talk during training. In order to perfect the art, you must be
focused at all times.
6. Do not try to help or advise another student when standing in class unless told to do so
by your Instructor - you are not the Instructor.
7. Always be humble. Unless you are the Instructor or have been given some students by
your Instructor to correct, you are in no position to tell someone that their technique is
wrong.
8. If you need to adjust your dobok, turn to the back, adjust your dobok and only then turn
back to the front.
9. Don’t leave the training hall during class without permission of the instructor.
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10. Don’t practice free sparring without permission.
11. Don’t eat, drink and smoke inside the training hall.
12. Pay attention to the orders of your instructors.
13. Respect your instructor and partner. Be courteous and helpful.
E. RESPECT
1. Always acknowledge your Instructors and Seniors inside and outside the Dojang. When
meeting them, you should always bow as a sign of respect.
2. Please do not call your Instructor by name, whether inside or outside the Dojang. The
student shall refer to the Instructor as Sir or M’am. Alternatively you may call them,
"Teacher" or "Instructor".
3. Always respect the Dojang and take care of the training equipment. Training equipment is
expensive and bought especially for your benefit so please appreciate it.
4. Always help the Instructors to clean, set up the Dojang and pack up all the Equipment
after class - this is especially true for Black Belts and Seniors.
5. At the end of the Class, the Senior most student shall call the class to attention and bow
to the Instructor. All students should then Thank the Instructor, before bowing to the
Senior. The Senior will announce Hae Chyo (Separate) to indicate the end of the Class.
6. Respect your dobok and belt. Do not play with the belt. Wear your belt with honour and
integrity. Once class is finished, fold your Dobok in the correct way as shown to you by
your Instructor and put it away in a bag.
7. Always respect your fellow student.
F. GRADING
1. Grading is not automatic. The Instructor will direct the Student accordingly if he/she is
qualified to undergo Grading .
2. Black-tips who want to become black-belts must not only demonstrate a high level of skill,
but also a humble and courteous character and a high level of loyalty and maturity. The
minimum waiting time of 6 months is the minimum time and not the maximum.
3. Centralised Grading is held several times every year.
• The above summary of “Taekwon-Do In A Hurry” has been written and compiled by
Mr. Khaldun Redza. The information contained herein is derived from extensive
and in-depth research, from invaluable experience, and from various reliable
sources in Taekwon-do. The information is by no means exhaustive and may be
updated or amended from time to time. The facts and content herewith may be
corroborated through actual interviews, printed and recorded data, however the
writer is not liable for any inaccuracies, mistakes and errors contained in the
source records. Reproduction and reprints of this page will not be permitted
without the express consent of the writer. - KR
‘TKD in A Hurry’ by Khaldun Redza as at Dec 2008. Reproduction and circulation is at express
consent of Classic Taekwon-do only.