GM Crops Presentation - Indian Academy of Sciences

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Resistance development is a serious concern inmonophagous pests.By far this is the most serious issue, which scientists shouldaddress as the primary challenge. Two different hypothesisare available to explain the mode of action of Cry toxins. Oneis based on generating pores (punching holes) in the insectgut cell and the other is based on killing mediated by signaltransduction. In both the models, the first steps envisagedare similar. The ingested toxin is cleaved by midgut proteaseand the activated toxin binds to cadherin receptor located inthe microvilli of midgut cells. The toxin oligomer then bindsto secondary receptors anchored to the membrane such asaminopeptidase N or alkaline phosphatase. The toxinoligomer then inserts into lipid raft membranes formingpores and causing the cells to burst. In the second model, thebinding of toxin to cadherin receptor is visualized to trigger asignal transduction cascade, eventually leading to oncotic celldeath.
MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCEMechanisms of resistance development have been studied indifferent pests induced to become resistant in the laboratory.In general, the most frequently observed mechanism is dueto defects in receptor binding followed by resistance due todefects in protease production, elevated immune response,enhanced esterase production etc. Strategies to overcomeresistance include development of Bt plants with novel Crytoxins (eg.VIP3 – plants), Cry gene stacking (eg. Cry 1Ac withCry 2Ab), modified Cry toxins that bypass primary receptorinteraction (eg.Cry 1A Mod toxins), use of Cyt proteins fromBt i strain along with Cry toxins and use of cadherinfragments to counter resistance (Bravo, A and Soberon, M(2008). How to cope with insect resistance to Bt toxins?Trends in Biotechnology Vol.26, 473-579).
Page 1 and 2: • ‘Introductory presentations m
Page 3: Beyond Bt BrinjalINSAJune 1, 2010
Page 6 and 7: • The fact remains that a vast ma
Page 8 and 9: • I wonder as to why Bt brinjal n
Page 10 and 11: How manygenes fromToesinte toCorn t
Page 12 and 13: . Bt brinjal as a food crop cannot
Page 14 and 15: CHRONIC TOXICITYScientifically it i
Page 16 and 17: CHINA POLICYAs regards China, it ha
Page 20 and 21: GENE STACKINGIn addition, on the fi
Page 22 and 23: Steps in the development of Bt brin
Page 24 and 25: AGENDAGene StackingCrop RotationBt
Page 26 and 27: GM crops (Indigenous development)Br
Page 28 and 29: How green biotech turned white and
Page 30 and 31: 1. Limited release of Bt Brinjal se
Page 32 and 33: • Dr. H.S. Gupta
Page 34 and 35: What is Bt brinjal?Genetically engi
Page 36 and 37: Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer(Leuci
Page 38 and 39: PUNJAB’S TRAGEDY IS NATION’S TR
Page 40 and 41: Bt-BRINJAL VARIETIES(Fruit Borer Pr
Page 42 and 43: Is Bt-brinjal Biosafe?
Page 44 and 45: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF Bt BRI
Page 46 and 47: Area, Production and Productivity o
Page 48 and 49: Future Demand for food grainsStudy
Page 50 and 51: Progress in AgricultureNature has b
Page 52 and 53: ORGANOGRAM OF BRAIChairperson, BRAI
Page 54 and 55: • Once a GM crop is declared safe
Page 56 and 57: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE: GOVE
Page 58 and 59: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE:REGUL
Page 60 and 61: Reports of studies accepted by the
Page 62 and 63: Bt-Brinjal - TimelineJanuary 2009Ex
Page 65 and 66: THANK YOU
Page 67 and 68: Brainstorming Session on Transgenic
Page 69 and 70:
Pest EcologyPrevalence of pests and
Page 71 and 72:
Tilting the Ecological balance in f
Page 73 and 74:
Science 327, , p. 1439, March 2010T
Page 75 and 76:
Contention on Bt-Cry toxins being s
Page 77 and 78:
Lesson from reliance on Substantial
Page 79 and 80:
Scientifically Imprecise statements
Page 81 and 82:
Social Contract of Science and Tech
Page 83 and 84:
Analysis of the Socio-economic impa
Page 85 and 86:
LepidopteraFruit and Shoot borerLea
Page 87 and 88:
Policy Proposed and Field Reality
Page 89 and 90:
THANK YOU
Page 91 and 92:
TRANSGENIC CROPSINSA, New Delhi1 st
Page 93 and 94:
CROP BIOTECHNOLOGYMajor Programmes
Page 95 and 96:
Sr.No.CropsTraits/Gene8. Mustard UD
Page 97 and 98:
Bt cotton, India’s first commerci
Page 99 and 100:
CROP BIOFORTIFICATION1. WheatBiofor
Page 101 and 102:
CROP BIOFORTIFICATION3. RiceBiofort
Page 103 and 104:
Development & Application of Biotec
Page 105 and 106:
Why Bt technology in brinjal?Adultm
Page 107 and 108:
Advantages of transgenics underIndi
Page 109 and 110:
MANDATE OF THE NBRAAn independent,
Page 111 and 112:
Some Reports•Transgenic Plants an
Page 113 and 114:
• Dr. Mahtab S. Bamji
Page 115 and 116:
Economic advantagesBrinjal producti
Page 117 and 118:
Environmental issues• Lesser pest
Page 119 and 120:
THANK YOU
Page 121 and 122:
GMO’s• GMO’s can (and will) b
Page 124 and 125:
Economic/(Political)FoodSecuritySma
Page 126 and 127:
New areas (Non-Bt)• Most concerns
Page 128 and 129:
THANK YOU
Page 130 and 131:
GM Foods & India’sregulatory regi
Page 132 and 133:
Regulation of GM Foods in India•
Page 134 and 135:
Comparison of Regulatory requiremen
Page 136 and 137:
Indian Regulatory System• Aims to
Page 138 and 139:
Comparative approach forSafety asse
Page 140 and 141:
Substantial Equivalence(contd.)•
Page 142 and 143:
2008 GE Food Guidelines• Acute or
Page 144 and 145:
Protocols for Allergenecitytesting
Page 146 and 147:
Food Safety evaluation ofGM cotton
Page 148 and 149:
Food Safety evaluation of GMBrinjal
Page 150 and 151:
Food Safety evaluation of GMBrinjal
Page 152 and 153:
Environmental Impactstudies of Bt B
Page 154 and 155:
Pertinent Information• > 25 count
Page 156 and 157:
Pertinent Information (contd.)• D
Page 158 and 159:
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru• “It is sc
Page 160 and 161:
• Prof. P.N. Tandon
Page 162 and 163:
Before I talk about the specific is
Page 164 and 165:
I believe that during the decade th
Page 166 and 167:
One of the oft quoted report in thi
Page 168 and 169:
Let me acknowledge that we as membe
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GM Crops Presentation - Indian Academy of Sciences

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