Guide to Connecting a Distributed Generator - Sustainability Victoria

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4.6.1 Grid-parallel modeGrid-parallel mode of operation enables the on-site generator to operate alongside the public supply network.This is the most common mode of operation. In this mode, the generator can either ‘export’ or ‘not export’ energyto the grid.In grid-parallel mode, the generator must be capable of automatically shutting down during a grid supply disruption orblackout. However, generators also need to maintain operation during a very brief grid supply disturbance of one secondor less. This is called ‘ride-through capability’.One of the main requirements of an on-site generator in grid-parallel mode is that it must remain stable at all times.This is termed synchronised or ‘in phase’ with the grid. The introduction of a generator into the grid may require theelectricity distribution network and site network to be modified or reinforced. System design study should evaluate existingor proposed site loads including analysis of switchgear and transformers, operational sequences, load flows and faultlevels.4.6.2 Stand-by modeStand-by systems are generally designed for essential loads during a major supply disruption. In most cases,these generators are full or partial stand-by systems powered by a diesel or gas engine that is started manuallywhen power is disrupted.In stand-by mode, the generator can only be operated after your site is disconnected from the electricity network witha manual change-over switch. Where the stand-by generator is intended to supply the full load requirement of a site,then it must be of sufficient size to ensure security of supply and the expected demand for power.Full stand-by generators do not need to synchronise with the grid and usually do not require a Connection Agreement.The DNSP will still need to be informed of the installation of a stand-by generator before it is commissioned.4.6.3 Island modeIn island mode, a grid-parallel generator can automatically disconnect from the grid in a power disruption or blackoutand continue operating to fully or partially meet a consumers on-site power supply needs.Generator controls or protection equipment separate the generator from the wider network by opening the maincircuit breaker. In island mode, the generator stays cut off from the external grid. No transfer of electricity toor from the grid takes place but power supply to the site is maintained.This arrangement is often used in hospitals and data centres where critical equipment necessitates a continuouspower supply.Each DNSP will have their preferred protective arrangements to manage islanding. You may require load-sheddingcapability that will add to the installation costs. Load-shedding is when some uses of electricity are cut off to ensurethe generator is not overloaded.Compared to stand-by mode, where a supply disruption can occur, the transition from grid-parallel to island modeis continuous and smooth, sometimes called ‘bumpless transfer’.14 - Guide to Connecting a Distributed Generator in Victoria
4.7 Connection voltageThe generator’s connection to the distribution network is usually dictated by the size and type of the generator. In general,smaller, lower capacity generators can connect to lower voltage distribution lines. Generators of 1MW to 10MW will usuallyrequire a high voltage connection (e.g. 22kV) direct to the zone substation.Figure 2 below shows typical voltage levels for connection to the distribution network.220kV220/66kVtransformers –terminal station66kV lines(sub-transmission66kV66/22kVtransformers –zone sub-station22kV220kV lines (transmission)Location 5(Larger G)Location 4(Large G)Location 1 (mini generator)Typically up to 10kWVery small-scale (micro) solar, wind, hydro,fuel cell micro-gen connected withincustomer LV installationLocation 2 (small G)Typically 10kW to 1MWGenerator requiring dedicated 415 Vtransformer or generator connected to6.6 kV, 11kV or 22kV feeder supplying otherLV customersLocation 3 (medium G)Typically 1MW to 10MWGenerator requiring dedicated 11kV or 22kVfeeder or directly onto the 11kV or 22kV atthe zone substation.Location 4 (large G)Typically 10MW to 100MWLarge generators requiring 66kV connection.Location 5 (larger G)Typically above 100MWLarger generators require 132kV or 220kVconnections.22/11kVdistributionfeedersCustomerLocation 1 (Mini G)CustomerInverterGLocation 3medium GGLocation 2small GLocations 2 or 3 are the most common inthe scope of this guideFigure 2: Schematic diagram of typical connection points to the grid. 55. Diagram adapted from Citipower / Powercor.Guide to Connecting a Distributed Generator in Victoria - 15
Page 2 and 3: AcknowledgementsSustainability Vict
Page 5 and 6: 1. IntroductionThis guide aims to h
Page 7: Figure 1: Victorian DNSP operationa
Page 11 and 12: Power FactorPower factor is a measu
Page 13: 4.5 Generator size or power outputT
Page 17 and 18: 5.1 National Electricity Rules and
Page 19 and 20: Step 2: Connection studies and enqu
Page 21 and 22: CHECKLIST - Step 2: Connection enqu
Page 23 and 24: Step 4: Connection agreement and ge
Page 25 and 26: Applicant tasks and milestonesDNSP
Page 27 and 28: Appendix 1: GlossaryTechnical terms
Page 29 and 30: Appendix 2: Setting the contextThe
Page 31 and 32: Environmental considerationsConnect
Page 33 and 34: Protective systemsProtective device
Page 35: Guide to Connecting a Distributed G

Guide to Connecting a Distributed Generator - Sustainability Victoria

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