PVC Products for the Production of Rigid Films - Vinnolit

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Page 4/9Copolymers for Improved Thermoforming Properties® Vinnolit S 3060/10® Vinnolit S 3157/11Calendered or extruded rigid films are usually producedwith S-PVC having K values between 57 and61.If improved performance for subsequent thermoforming,welding, glueing or printing is required,copolymers containing vinyl acetate (such asVinnolit S 3060/10 or S 3157/11) can be used.These products are random copolymers of vinylchloride and vinyl acetate and are produced bymeans of the suspension process. They generallyhave a vinyl acetate content of about 10 % andK values between 57 and 60.viscosity at 190 °C [Pa * s]100 1000 10000 100000S 3160S 3160 60 phr, S 3157/11 40 phrS 3060/1010 100 1000shear rate [1/s])Fig. 1: Melt viscosity of S-PVC, Copolymer anda blend of both products (log. scale)Compared with homopolymeric PVC, copolymerizedproducts show two superior properties, i.e.low melt viscosity (Fig. 1) and high melt elongation,especially at low processing temperatures (Fig. 2).A low melt viscosity improves the welding and laminatingproperties, and for good thermoformingproperties a high melt elongation is also important.These copolymers are therefore suitable asblending components to improve the followingproperties:• Large vacuum formed articles can be producedat relatively low temperatures, resultingin a shorter cycle time. Thus copolymersenhance the performance of film during subsequentprocessing to e.g. blister packaging• Films containing copolymers are easier tolaminate and weld. Copolymers also allowthe production of highly transparent filmswith excellent printability. Copolymers aretherefore essential for the manufacture ofcredit cards, identity cards etc.elongation at break [%]0 300 600S 3160S 3160 60 phr, S 3157/11 40 phrS 3060/1070 90 110 130 150temperature [°C]Fig. 2: Elongation at break measured on0,2 mm films (thermoelastic temperaturerange). The test films werebased on S-PVC (blue line), a blendof S-PVC and S 3157/11 (60:40, greenline), and S 3060/10 (red line).
Page 5/9Properties and Applications of Emulsion PVC® Vinnolit E 2059® Vinnolit E 2169® Vinnolit E 2078® Vinnolit K 301E-PVC for thermoplastic processing has severalmorphological characteristics which influence boththe processing behaviour as well as the finishedarticle. As a consequence of the emulsion polymerisationprocess, E-PVC consists essentially ofprimary particles (size usually 0.2-1.5 µ see Fig.3.) surrounded by a thin emulsifier layer. Theseprimary particles are sintered during the dryingprocess (drum or spray drying) into larger, freeflowing agglomerates, which constitute the actualpowder particles. These E-PVC grains are readilybroken down into their constituent primary particlesduring thermoplastic processing. Formulationscontaining E-PVC fuse rapidly and are soondispersed into a homogenous blend. For this reasonalso, E-PVC, aided by the emulsifier, facilitatesthe production of optically faultless films withfew flow lines and a low fish-eye count.10µmThe processing ease also permits S/E blendingwith E-PVC of a higher K value, a simple variantfor raising the mechanical properties of the film.Additional advantage: Additives, which are difficultto disperse, such as pigments and fillers, can beincorporated and homogenised much more easilyin formulations containing E-PVC.The emulsifiers contained in the E-PVC arehygroscopic. In addition to the effect as a processingaid, this characteristic enables E-PVC to beused for films with improved antistatic properties.E-PVC for thermoplastic processing is mainlyused as a blending component with S-PVC. Typicalproportions range between 5 and 40 %. In thecase of antistatic films, a minimum quantity ofE-PVC from 20 – 25 % is recommended; whenused as a processing aid 5 – 10 % often is sufficient.1 µmFig. 3: REM microphotographs of cross sectionsof standard S-PVC (upper picture)and E-PVC (below). The looselyagglomerated primary particles differfrom the solid structure of S-PVC andwill disperse more easilyVinnolit GmbH & Co. KG offers a range ofproducts which differ in K value and emulsifiercontent, thus making it possible to select the idealproduct for any application:E 2059 is the standard processing aid in rigidfilms.On account of the higher K value, E 2169 is thepreferred blending component in semi-rigid orflexible film formulations.K 301 is a special E-PVC grade containing additionalantistatic agent. With K 301 enhanced antistaticproperties can be achieved in rigid films withvery little effect on transparency.The Luvitherm process is a special procedure forthe processing of E-PVC. In this process, E-PVCwith a high K value is processed to thin, usuallystretched, high quality rigid films such as adhesivetapes. E 2078 has proved itself to be excellent forthis purpose.
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PVC Products for the Production of Rigid Films - Vinnolit

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