(EMERY) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Polskie Towarzystwo ...

P O L I S H J O U R N A L O F E N T O M O L O G YP O L S K I E P I S M O E N T O M O L O G I C Z N EVOL. 79: Bydgoszcz 30 December 2010Tramp species Hypoponera schauinslandi (EMERY)(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in PolandHANNA BABIKLaboratory of Social and Myrmecophilous Insects, Museum and Institute of Zoology,Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;e-mail: hbabik@miiz.waw.plABSTRACT. The second record of the tropical tramp species Hypoponera schauinslandi (EMERY) isreported from Poland. Single workers were found on the ground and one nest was localized under thebark of a dead trunk in a Warsaw Zoological Garden greenhouse (Warsaw, Mazovian Lowland,Central Poland). Some notes on the biology and distribution of H. schauinslandi are given and the potentialnegative effects of its establishment are discussed.KEY WORDS: ants, Hypoponera schauinslandi, tramp species, greenhouse, synanthropic fauna.INTRODUCTIONIntroduced species are among the main interest of scientists all over the world (VITOUSEKet al. 1997, TORCHIN et al. 2003, MOYLE & MARCHETTI 2006, WARD et al. 2006, PERRINGSet al. 2010). Due to their small size and abundance ants are among those animals whichhave quite often been accidentally transported to new areas. For example there are over 200species of non-native ants recorded in the USA, over 100 in New Zealand and all of theapprox. 45 species found in Hawaii are introduced species (SUAREZ et al. 2005, WARD etal. 2006, KRUSHELNYCKY et al. 2005 respectively). Among the non-native ants, that manageto establish new colonies, the invasive ones have the most influence, because they areable to widen their range into natural habitat and may have a significant impact on indige-

Polish Journal of Entomology 79 (3)L. neglectus on the other hand establishes numerous colonies in urban greenery (VAN LOONet al. 1990). The remaining five species [H. schauinslandi, Linepithema humile MAYR,Monomorium pharaonis (L.), Tetramorium insolens (F. SMITH) and T. caldarium (ROGER)]are strictly synanthropic, found only indoors, in spaces where constant favourable climaticconditions are maintained. From among these species so far only M. pharaonis has becomea pest in Poland (see e.g. BRODNIEWICZ et al. 1979, GLINIEWICZ et al. 2003, 2006).Species with a cryptic mode of life, like H. schauinslandi, are among the most commontramp and invasive ants in the world (MCGLYNN 1999). H. schauinslandi is found in manyEuropean countries, although to the north of 48ºN latitude it is able to survive only indoors(SEIFERT 2003, 2007). As its dispersion over the long distances depends on passive transport,e.g. with tropical plants, it occurs mainly in greenhouses of botanical and zoologicalgardens, where sometimes it becomes quite common. For example BOER & VIERBERGEN(2008) consider it as “the most successful exotic ant in Dutch greenhouses” present in everytropical greenhouse and exotic animal house with tropical and subtropical plants investigatedby the authors.However, H. schauinslandi is not considered as threat to native flora and fauna in theCentral and Northern Europe. It is not able to fly over long distances or establish permanentcolonies in natural habitats (SEIFERT 2003, 2007, DEKONINCK et al. 2006, BOER & VIER-BERGEN 2008). It is also not likely to become a common indoor pest beyond greenhouses,because of its predatory behaviour. Nevertheless, BOER & VIERBERGEN (2008) mentionedsome recorded findings in houses in the Netherlands and GRAY et al. (1995) reported thepresence of H. punctatissima, also a predatory species, in a hospital in England. A possibleproblem exists because during dispersal flights young queens may sting painfully (BOER &VIERBERGEN 2008).Although many introduced ant species never managed to establish permanent coloniesin new places there is an urgent need to monitor exotic species in new habitats, as they mayhave a strong impact on natural ecosystems as well as human health and economy. Thetropical, predatory species H. schauinslandi, is not likely to become a pest in Poland, howeverits presence is a reason for paying more attention to exotic species, accidentally transportedby human.AcknowledgementsI would like to thank Michalina KAMUT, a student at the University of Warsaw, forhelping in the field study. I am deeply indebted to Prof. Wojciech CZECHOWSKI, forencouragement and valuable consultationsREFERENCESBOER P., VIERBERGEN B. 2008. Exotic ants in The Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). EntomologischeBerichten 68: 121-129.

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