Lauri Wirola, Nokia, Finland - ICL-GNSS

control plane vs. user plane• two ways of carrying positioning signaling to the device• control plane – integral part of the cellular network• low bandwidth• high integrity and security• use case cases limited to e-call, law & enforcement andnetwork planning/monitoring• user plane – works on top of the data connectivity providedby the physical network• high bandwidth• potential issues with integrity• de-facto method of providing position information tolocation-based value-added services