MC Question.pdf

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsMultiple Choice QuestionsChemistry: Chapter 44 Introduction to selected homologous seriesSections 44.144.21Which of the following are characteristics of compounds in the same homologousseries?(1) They have the same physical properties.(2) They have similar chemical properties.(3) They have the same general formula.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)2Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds are correct?(1) Organic compounds are compounds of carbon.(2) Organic compounds can be represented by condensed formulae.(3) Each organic compound has its own unique IUPAC name.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)3Which of the following statements concerning the members of a homologous seriesare correct?(1) Each of them differs from the next one by a CH 2 group.(2) They have the same functional group.(3) They have the same chemical properties.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 44.3©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 401

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds4Which of the following are common properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids?(1) Both of them have relatively higher boiling points than alkanes with a similarrelative molecular mass.(2) Both of them can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.(3) Lower members of both series are miscible with water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)5Which of the following statements concerning pent-1-ene and hex-2-ene are correct?(1) They can decolorize bromine water in the dark.(2) They are insoluble in water.(3) They belong to the same homologous series because they have the sameempirical formula.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)6Which of the following compounds belong to the same homologous series?(1) 1-chloropropene(2) 1-chloropropane(3) 2-chlorobutaneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)7The strength of intermolecular forces of alkanes depends on(1) the molecular mass.(2) the molecular size.(3) the presence of multiple bonds.A. (1) and (2) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 402

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)8Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 3 ?A. ButaneB. 2-methylbutaneC. 1-methylpropaneD. 2-methylpropane9Which of the following statements concerning pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane arecorrect?(1) They have the same molecular formula.(2) Pentane is a straight-chain alkane while 2,2-dimethylpropane is a branched-chainalkane.(3) The dispersion forces among pentane molecules are weaker than those among2,2-dimethylpropane molecules.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 44.410Which of the following organic compounds does NOT have the molecular formula ofC 3 H 6 O 2 ?A. Propanoic acidB. Methyl ethanoateC. Ethyl ethanoateD. Ethyl methanoate11Which of the following organic molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds aswell as van der Waals’ forces?(1) Butan-2-ol(2) Propanamide©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 403

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) PentanalA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)12Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organiccompounds?A. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > Propan-1-olB. Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acidC. Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoateD. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol13What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula ofCHBr 2 CHFCHClCH 3 ?A. 4,4-dibromo-2-chloro-3-fluorobutaneB. 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chlorobutaneC. 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chloro-3-methylpropaneD. 1,1-dibromo-3-chloro-2-fluorobutane14Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organiccompounds?A. Ethanamide > Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoateB. Propanoic acid > Ethanamide > Methyl ethanoateC. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > EthanamideD. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Ethanamide15Pyrethrum flowers contain a natural insecticide called pyrethrin. Pyrethrin has thefollowing structure:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 404

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following functional groups are present in pyrethrin?(1) Carbon-carbon double bond(2) Ester group(3) Ketone groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)16Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organiccompounds?A. Ethanoic acid > ethanol > ethanamide > chloroethaneB. Chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamide >ethanolC. Ethanol > chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamideD. Ethanamide > ethanoic acid > ethanol > chloroethane17Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides and primaryamines are INCORRECT?(1) Both of them are acid derivatives.(2) Both of them have higher boiling points than carboxylic acids with a similarrelative molecular mass.(3) Each ethanamide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds withwater molecules while each ethanamine molecule can form a maximum of threehydrogen bonds with water molecules.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 405

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)18Which of the following sets of compounds is in the same homologous series?A. C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 10B. CH 3 OH, CH 3 OCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OHC. CH 3 Cl, C 3 H 7 Cl, C 5 H 11 ClD. CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 OH19Which of the following compounds are miscible with water?(1) Propan-1-ol(2) Chloromethane(3) Propanoic acidA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)20Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?A. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OHB. CH 3 CCl 3C. CH 3 COCH 3D. CH 3 CH 2 CHO21Which of the following statements concerning the compounds in the samehomologous series are correct?(1) Their boiling points increase with the length of hydrocarbon chains.(2) Their solubilities in water decrease with the length of hydrocarbon chains.(3) They have similar chemical properties.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 406

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsArrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point.Butanol, Butanone, Butanoic acidA. Butanol Butanone Butanoic acidB. Butanone Butanol Butanoic acidC. Butanoic acid Butanone ButanolD. Butanoic acid Butanol Butanone31Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct?(1) The general formula of amides is RCONH 2 , where R is a hydrogen atom or analkyl group.(2) The boiling points of amides are higher than that of carboxylic acids becauseamides have more extensive hydrogen bonds than carboxylic acids.(3) Each amide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with theother amide molecules.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)32Which of the following combinations is correct?Homologous series General formulaA. Aldehydes RCOR’B. Primary amines RNH 2C. Ketones RCHOD. Substituted amides RCONH 233Which of the following compounds are soluble in water?(1) Propyl methanoate(2) Butan-1-amine(3) ButanoneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 409

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds34Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-bromopent-2-ene?A. CH 3 CH=CHCHBrCH 3B. CH 3 CHCHCHBrCH 3C. CH 3 CBrCHCH 2 CH 3D. CH 3 CBr=CHCH 2 CH 335What is the IUPAC name for CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHO?A. Butan-1-olB. ButanalC. 3-methylpropan-1-olD. 3-methylpropanal36What is the IUPAC name for CH 2 ClCH 2 Br?A. 1-chloro-2-bromoethaneB. 2-chloro-1-bromoethaneC. 1-bromo-2-chloroethaneD. 2-bromo-1-chloroethane37Which of the following compounds have hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’forces among their molecules?(1) Methyl propanoate(2) 2-methylpropanamide(3) 2,3-dichloropropan-1-olA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)38Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 C(OH) 2 CH 3 ?A. 2,2-hydroxypropaneB. 2,2-dihydroxypropaneC. Propan-2,2-olD. Propane-2,2-diol©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 410

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds39Which of the following is the condensed formula for propan-2-ol?A. CH 3 CHOHCH 3B. CH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3C. CH 2 OHCH 2 CH 3D. CH 3 OHCH 2 CH 340Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct?(1) 2-methylpropanamide is an unsubstituted amide.(2) The general formula for unsubstituted amides is RNH 2 , where R is an alkylgroup.(3) There are hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces among theunsubstituted amides molecules.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)41What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?A. 2-methylbutanoneB. 3-methylbutanoneC. 3-methyl-2-oxobutaneD. 2-methyl-3-oxobutane42Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH(CH 3 )COOH?A. Butanoic acidB. Propanoic acidC. 2-methylbutanoic acidD. 2-methylpropanoic acid©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 411

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds43Which of the following is the condensed formula for ethyl ethanoate?A. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5B. CH 3 CH 2 COOC 2 H 5C. CH 3 COOCH 3D. CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 344Which of the following is the structural formula for methyl methanoate?A. B.C. D.45Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 ?A. 1-aminopropanoneB. 1-amino-1-oxopropaneC. 1-oxo-1-aminopropaneD. Propanamide46Which of the following statements concerning primary amines are correct?(1) Primary amines are those with only one hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogenatom replaced by an alkyl group.(2) Pentan-3-amine is a primary amine.(3) Each amine group can form a maximum of three hydrogen bonds with watermolecules.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)47©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 412

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following statements concerning methanoic acid and propane arecorrect?(1) They have similar relative molecular masses.(2) Methanoic acid has a higher boiling point than propane.(3) The molecules of methanoic acid are held together by hydrogen bonds as well asvan der Waals’ forces while the molecules of propane are held together bydispersion forces only.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)48Which of the following compounds can form more than one hydrogen bond withwater molecules?(1) Propanone(2) Propanamide(3) Propan-1-amineA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 44.549What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 2-hydroxypropanoic acidB. 2-methyl-2-hydroxyethanoic acidC. Propanoic acidD. 2-carboxyethanol50What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 413

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. 6-methylhept-5-ene-4-oneB. 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohex-1-eneC. 2-methyl-4-oxohept-2-eneD. 2-methylhept-2-ene-4-one51Consider the following compound:Which of the following functional groups does it contain?(1) Carboxyl group(2) Carbonyl group(3) Amide groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)52What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula ofHCOCHBrCOCH 3 ?A. 3-bromo-4-formylbutan-2-oneB. 4-formyl-3-bromobutan-2-oneC. 2-bromo-3-oxobutanalD. 3-oxo-2-bromobutanal53What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acidB. 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-chlorohepta-2,5-dienoic acidC. 3-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acid©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 414

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. 3-chloro-4-oxo-6-hydroxyhepta-2,5-dienoic acid54What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanalB. 1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-5-alC. 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanalD. 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-1-al55What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 2-chloro-1-hydroxybut-2-eneB. 3-chloro-4-hydroxybut-2-eneC. 2-chlorobut-2-en-1-olD. 3-chlorobut-2-en-4-ol56Consider the following organic compound:Which of the following statements concerning the compound above are correct?(1) It has two functional groups namely amide group and carboxyl group.(2) It is soluble in water.(3) Its IUPAC name is aminoethanoic acid.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 415

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds57What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?A. 2-chloro-3-amino-4-formylbutanoic acidB. 3-amino-2-chloro-4-formylbutanoic acidC. 2-amino-3-carboxy-3-chloropropanalD. 2-amino-3-chloro-3-carboxypropanal58What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 1-chloropropan-3-alB. ChloropropanalC. 3-chloropropan-1-alD. 3-chloropropanal59What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?A. 3-hydroxy-4-aminopentanamideB. 4-amino-3-hydroxypentanamideC. 4-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanamideD. 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4-methylbutanamide60What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 416

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. 3-chlorobutyl butanoateB. 2-chlorobutyl butanoateC. Butyl 2-chlorobutanoateD. Propyl 4-chloropentanoate61What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 2,3-diamino-3-bromo-3-hydroxypentanoic acidB. 3,4-diamino-2-bromo-2-hydroxypentanoic acidC. 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diaminopentanoic acidD. 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acid62Which of the following statements is/are correct?(1) Two organic compounds with the same general formula must belong to the samehomologous series.(2) Two organic compounds with one of the functional groups the same must belongto the same homologous series.(3) Two organic compounds with the molecular mass differing by 14 must belong tothe same homologous series.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only63Which of the following combinations about the structural formula for a compound iscorrect?CompoundStructural formulaA. DiolB. Methyl 2-oxopent-3-enoate©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 417

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. 5-formylpent-2-olD. 3-carboxy-3-chlorobutan-2-ol64What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. 3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-oneB. 3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-alC. 2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidD. 2-amino-3-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid65Which of the following is the structural formula of4,5-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-oxopentanoic acid?Structural formulaA.B.C.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 418

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD.66Which of the following is the condensed formula for 3-oxopentanal?A. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 COHB. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 CHOC. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COCHOD. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COCOH67What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?A. 3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diaminopentanoic acidB. 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxypentanoic acidC. 3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acidC. 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanoic acid68Consider the following compound:Which of the following homologous series does the above compound belong to?A. AminesB. AlcoholsC. KetonesD. Carboxylic acids69Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-aminobutanamide?A. NH 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 419

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsB. NO 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2C. NH 2 CO(CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2D. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH(NH 2 ) 2Section 44.670What is the condensed formula of chloroform?A. CCl 4B. CH 2 Cl 2C. CH 3 CH 2 ClD. CHCl 371Which of the following combinations is correct?IUPAC name Trivial name Common useA. Propan-1-ol Isopropyl alcohol SolventB. Ethanoic acid Acetic acid SolventC. Methanal Formaldehyde Production of polymersD. Trichloromethane Chloroform Fuel additive72What is the trivial name for CHCl 3 ?A. Acetic acidB. AcetoneC. ChloroformD. FormaldehydeEach question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each ofthe two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or notthe second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then selectone option from A to D according to the following table:A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanationof the 1st statement.B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correctexplanation of the 1st statement.C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.D. Both statements are false.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 420

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsSections 44.144.373Alcohols have higher boiling pointsand melting points than alkanes with asimilar relative molecular mass.Hydrogen bonds give a strongerintermolecular attraction than van derWaals’ forces.Section 44.474Most haloalkane molecules are solublein water.Haloalkane molecules are polar.75The boiling points of carboxylic acidsare lower than those of alcohols with asimilar relative molecular mass.Alcohols have more extensiveintermolecular hydrogen bonds thancarboxylic acids.76Most haloalkanes have higher meltingpoints and boiling points than alkaneswith a similar relative molecular mass.Most haloalkanes have permanentdipoles.Sections 44.544.677Formaldehyde can dissolve in water toform a solution called formalin.The formaldehyde molecules can formhydrogen bonds with water molecules.78Isopropyl alcohol is the key componentin many non-water-based handsanitizers.Isopropyl alcohol can kill bacteria andother potentially harmfulmicro-organisms.Chemistry: Chapter 45 IsomerismSection 45.179How many acyclic structural isomers does C 5 H 10 have?A. 2B. 3©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 421

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. 4D. 580Which of the following statements are correct?(1) A pair of position isomers differs only in the position of the functional group(s).(2) A pair of structural isomers has the same relative molecular mass.(3) A pair of functional group isomers belongs to different homologous series.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)81Which of the following statements about ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate arecorrect?(1) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 .(2) They belong to different homologous series.(3) They have different chemical properties.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)82Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C 4 H 8 O?(1) Butanal(2) 2-methylpropanal(3) ButanoneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)83Which of the following statements concerning ethanoic acid and methyl methanoateare correct?(1) They have the same relative molecular mass.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 422

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2) They have different chemical properties.(3) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 .A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)84Which of the following compounds are functional group isomers of C 4 H 8 O 2 ?(1) Methyl propanoate(2) 4-hydroxybutanal(3) Butane-1,4-diolA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)85Butanoic acid can be reduced to a primary alcohol. Which of the followingcompounds is the position isomer of the primary alcohol?A. CH 3 COCH 2 CH 3B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OHC. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHOD. CH 3 CH 2 C(OH)HCH 386Which of the following statements concerning isomers is/are correct?(1) They have the same empirical formula.(2) They have the same general formula.(3) They have the same structural formula.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only87Which of the following statements concerning 3,4-dibromopent-1-ene and3,5-dibromopent-2-ene are correct?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 423

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) They have the same molecular formula of C 5 H 8 Br 2 .(2) They are position isomers.(3) They have similar chemical properties.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)88Which of the following statements concerning the isomers of C 6 H 12 areINCORRECT?(1) All isomers of C 6 H 12 can decolorize bromine in 1,1,1-trichloromethane in thedark.(2) All isomers of C 6 H 12 have the same melting point and boiling point.(3) All isomers of C 6 H 12 are optically inactive.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)89How many structural isomers does C 4 H 8 have?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 690Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C 5 H 10 ?(1) 2-methylbut-2-ene(2) 3-methylbut-1-ene(3) Pent-1-eneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)91©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 424

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsHow many structural isomers does C 3 H 6 Cl 2 have?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 592Which of the following compounds are the structural isomers of C 5 H 10 O?(1) 2-methylbutanal(2) Propyl ethanoate(3) PentanalA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 45.293Which of the following statements about geometrical isomerism are correct?(1) A pair of geometrical isomers has different physical properties.(2) Geometrical isomers occur due to the restricted rotation about the carbon-carbondouble bond.(3) A pair of geometrical isomers must be optically active.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)94Which of the following statements about cis-trans isomerism is/are correct?(1) All alkenes exhibit cis-trans isomerism.(2) But-2-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism.(3) A pair of cis-trans isomers may be optically active.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 425

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds95How many chiral carbon(s) does 3,6-dibromo-4-methylhept-4-en-2-ol have?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 496Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism?(1) 3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene(2) 2-methylpent-2-ene(3) 1,6-dichlorohex-3-eneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)97Which of the following compounds could exhibit optical isomerism?(1) 2-aminopropanal(2) 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid(3) 4-hydroxybutanalA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)98How many chiral carbon atom(s) does 3-amino-4-hydroxypentanoic acid have?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 499Which of the following compounds has a pair of enantiomers?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 426

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA.B. CH 3 CH(OH)C 2 H 5C. CH 2 ClCH 2 CH 2 COOHD.100Consider the following compound:CH 3 CH=CHCH 2 CHOWhich of the following statements about this compound are correct?(1) It is optically inactive.(2) It contains a C=C double bond and a hydroxyl group.(3) The cis isomer of this compound is.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)101Which of the following compounds has/have a pair of geometrical isomers?(1) CH 3 CH=CH 2(2) CH 3 OCCH=CHCOCH 3(3) CH 2 BrCH=CHCH 2 ClA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only102Vitamin E, a naturally occurring compound, can act as an antioxidant. Its structure isshown below:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 427

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following statements about vitamin E is/are correct?(1) It has three chiral carbon atoms.(2) It is soluble in water.(3) It is optically active.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only103Which of the following pairs of compounds is/are NOT a pair of stereoisomers?(1)(2)and(3)andA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) onlyand104Which of the following statements concerning isomers is correct?A. A pair of isomers must have the same relative molecular mass.B. Compound containing carbon-carbon double bond(s) must have a pair of©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 428

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compoundsgeometrical isomers.C. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers does not rotate the plane of polarizedlight.D. Compounds with the same functional group at different positions are calledfunctional group isomers.105Which of the following statements concerning enantiomers is INCORRECT?A. If a pair of enantiomers is present in the same amount, the mixture isoptically inactive.B. A pair of enantiomers has the same melting point.C. There is at least one plane of symmetry in the molecules of enantiomers.D. A pair of enantiomers has the same molecular formula.106Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism?(1) CHCl=CHBr(2) (CH 3 ) 2 C=CH 2(3) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)107Which of the following compounds is optically active?A. CH 3 CH=CHCH 3B. CH 2 =CHCHBrCH 3C. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 3D. CH 3 CH 2 CHClCH 2 CH 3108Which of the following compounds is NOT a chiral molecule?A. 3-methylpent-1-eneB. 2-chlorobutaneC. 2-methylpropanalD. 1,1,2-trichlorobutane©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 429

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)113Which of the following types of isomerism does 2-bromobut-2-ene exhibit?A. EnantiomerismB. Functional group isomerismC. Geometrical isomerismD. Position isomerism114Which of the following statements concerning geometrical isomers of2,3-dibromobut-2-ene is/are correct?(1) They have similar boiling points.(2) They have the same functional group.(3) They have identical intermolecular forces.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only115How many planes of symmetry are there in a dichloromethane molecule?A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3116Which of the following compounds could exhibit enantiomerism?(1) 2-chlorobutane(2) 3-chlorobut-1-ene(3) 2-methylbutanalA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 431

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds117Which of the following methods can be used to distinguish a pair of enantiomers?(1) Measuring their optical activities by using a polarimeter.(2) Comparing the boiling points of enantiomers.(3) Comparing the densities of enantiomers.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only118Which of the following statements concerning structural isomerism is/are correct?(1) Structural isomers are mirror images of one another.(2) Structural isomers containing the same functional group have similar chemicalproperties.(3) A pair of structural isomers which are present in different amounts can rotate theplane of polarized light.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only119What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?A. Cis-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yneB. Cis-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yneC. Trans-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yneD. Trans-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yne120Which of the following statements is correct?A. An achiral molecule has a chiral carbon atom.B. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers present in the same amount does notrotate the plane of polarized light.C. Butan-1-ol is a chiral molecule.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 432

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. A chiral molecule can be superimposed on its own mirror image.121Which of the following compounds have chiral carbon atom(s)?(1) 3-bromopent-1-ene(2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane(3) Butan-2-olA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)122Which of the following compounds can exhibit enantiomerism?(1) 2-chloro-2-methylbutane(2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane(3) 1-chloro-3-methylbut-1-eneA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only123Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) enantiomerism?(1) 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane(2) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane(3) 5-chloro-3,4-dimethylpentanoic acidA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3)D. (2) and (3)124Consider the following compounds:Which types of isomers are they?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 433

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. Position isomersB. Functional group isomersC. Chain isomersD. Geometrical isomers125Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) optical isomersim?(1) Trans-5-chloro-5-fluoropent-2-ene(2) 1,1-dibromo-1,2-dichloroethane(3) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutaneA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only126Which of the following are the types of structural isomerism?(1) Geometrical isomerism(2) Functional group isomerism(3) Chain isomerismA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)127Which of the following statements concerning a pair of geometrical isomers arecorrect?(1) They have different boiling points and melting points.(2) They have the same relative molecular mass.(3) Their atoms are joined in the same order.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)128Which of the following compounds could exhibit enantiomerism?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 434

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) 3-bromobut-1-ene(2) 4-bromobut-1-ene(3) 2-bromobut-2-eneA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) onlyEach question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each ofthe two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or notthe second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then selectone option from A to D according to the following table:A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanationof the 1st statement.B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correctexplanation of the 1st statement.C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.D. Both statements are false.Section 45.1129Cis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene has a higherboiling point thantrans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene.The molecules ofcis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are heldtogether by dipole-dipole forces whilethe molecules oftrans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are heldtogether by dispersion forces only.130Chain isomers have similar physicalproperties.Chain isomers have the same functionalgroup.131Pentane has a higher boiling point than2-methylbutane.Pentane and 2-methylbutane are chainisomers.132©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 435

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsPosition isomers differ only in the typesof functional group present.Position isomerism is one of the types ofstructural isomerism.133Isomers have similar chemicalproperties.Isomers are compounds with the samemolecular formula but differentarrangements of atoms in space.Section 45.2134The cis isomer has a higher boiling pointthan the corresponding trans isomer.The intermolecular forces among themolecules of cis isomer are stronger thanthose among the molecules of thecorresponding trans isomer.135A mixture of a pair of enantiomers doesnot rotate plane-polarized light.A pair of enantiomers rotatesplane-polarized light to oppositedirections.136Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has no netdipole moment.Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has the twopolar CCl bonds pointing in theopposite directions.Chemistry: Chapter 46 Typical reactions of various functional groupsSections 46.146.2137Which of following compounds is the major product of the reaction between excessmethane and chlorine?A. ChloromethaneB. DichloromethaneC. TrichloromethaneD. Tetrachloromethane138Which of the following compounds are the products formed from the reaction©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 436

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compoundsbetween methane and chlorine in the presence of light?(1) Chloromethane(2) Chloroform(3) Hydrogen chlorideA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)139Which of the following conditions are required for alkanes to undergo substitutionreactions with bromine?(1) Sunlight(2) High temperature(3) High pressureA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)140Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction betweenpropane and chlorine are correct?(1) It does not take place in the dark.(2) It involves breakage of CH bonds and ClCl bonds.(3) Hydrogen chloride is one of the products of the reaction.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)141Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction betweenmethane and chlorine are correct?(1) The product of the reaction is a mixture of chloroalkanes.(2) The major product is tetrachloromethane if excess chlorine is used.(3) Free radicals are produced during the reaction.A. (1) and (2) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 437

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 46.3142Which of the following compound is the major product formed in an addition reactionbetween hydrogen chloride and propene?A. 1-chloropropaneB. 2-chloropropaneC. 1,2-dichloropropaneD. 2,2-dichloropropane143Which of the following statements are correct?(1) Iron is used as a metal catalyst for speeding up hydrogenation.(2) Bromine can be decolorized in darkness by pent-1-ene.(3) 2-bromopropane is the major product formed in an addition reaction betweenhydrogen bromide and propene.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)144Consider the following reaction:+ HBrWhich of the following compounds is/are the possible major product(s) formed in theabove reaction?(1)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 438

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2)(3)A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only145Which of the following combinations about addition reactions is correct?Addition reactionThe major productA. CH 3 CH=CH 2 + HBr CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 BrB. (CH 3 ) 2 C=CH 2 + HBr (CH 3 ) 3 CBrC. BrCH=CH 2 + HBr BrCH 2 CH 2 BrD. (CH 3 ) 3 CCH=CH 2 + HBr (CH 3 ) 3 CCH 2 CH 2 Br146Which of the following statements concerning but-1-ene are correct?(1) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chlorobutane as the major product.(2) It can decolorize acidified potassium permanganate solution.(3) It undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of platinum as metal catalyst withheating.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)147Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reactionbetween 2,5-dimethylhex-2,4-diene and hydrogen bromide?A. 3,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexaneB. 2,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 439

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexaneD. 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane148Which of the following statements concerning halogenation and hydrohalogenationis/are correct?(1) Both of them follow Markovnikov’s rule.(2) Both of them involve unsaturated hydrocarbons.(3) Both of them are substitution reactions.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only149Which of the following can be classified as addition reactions?(1) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen(2) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen chloride(3) Reaction between methane and chlorineA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)150Which of the following statements concerning propene are correct?(1) It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of platinum and heating to give propane.(2) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the major product.(3) It decolorizes bromine solution in the dark.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)151Which of the following statements about propene is correct?A. It can decolorize acidified potassium dichromate solution.B. It can be prepared by heating propan-1-ol with dilute sulphuric acid.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 440

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of nickel to give propane.D. It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the majorproduct.152Which of the following compounds is the major product for the reaction between2-methylpropene and hydrogen chloride?A. 1-chloro-2-methylpropaneB. 1,2-dichloro-2-methylpropaneC. 2-chloro-2-methylpropaneD. 2-methylpropane153Which of the following statements about hydrogenation of alkenes is INCORRECT?A. It requires metal catalysts such as platinum and nickel.B. It requires heating.C. It is an endothermic reaction because energy is required to break the C=Cbonds.D. It involves formation of CH bonds.154Which of the following compounds is/are the product(s) formed from the reactionbetween pent-1,4-diene and excess bromine in water?(1) 1,2-dibromopentane(2) 1,2,4,5-tetrabromopentane(3) 4,5-dibromopentaneA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only155Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reactionbetween but-1,3-diene and hydrogen iodide?A. 1,4-diiodobutaneB 2,4-diiodobutaneC. 1,3-diiodobutaneD. 2,3-diiodobutane©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 441

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds156Which of the following reactions are addition reactions?(1) CH 2 =CHCH=CH 2 + HI(2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + Cl 2(3) CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 3 + H 2A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 46.4157Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction betweenbromoethane and hydroxide ions are correct?(1) Ethanol is one of the products.(2) An organic solvent is required for the reaction.(3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CBr bond.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)158Which of the following compounds could undergo substitution reactions?(1) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3(2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3(3) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 BrA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)159Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions?(1) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 I + OH (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + Cl 2(3) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 + H 2©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 442

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)160Which of the following statements about the reaction between 2-iodobutane andNaOH(aq) are correct?(1) The products of the reaction are butan-2-ol and sodium iodide.(2) The reaction will be faster if 2-chlorobutane replaces 2-iodobutane.(3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CI bond.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)161Sodium hydroxide solution was added to a sample of chloromethane in a test tube.Then, a small amount of acidified silver nitrate solution was added to the reactionmixture. What could be observed?A. Gas bubbles were formed.B. The solution turned silvery.C. White precipitate was formed.D. No observable change.Section 46.5162Which of the following reagents are used to convert propan-2-ol to 2-bromopropane?(1) H 2 SO 4 (l) + KBr(s)(2) Br 2 (l) + CCl 4 (l)(3) PBr 3 (l)A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)163Which of the following statements concerning propan-1-ol are correct?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 443

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) It can be oxidized to give propanal.(2) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid.(3) It can be dehydrated to give propene.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)164Consider the following reaction:Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction?A.B.C.D.165Consider the following reactions:Reaction 1:Reaction 2:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 444

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following compounds is the major product of reaction 2?A. 1-chlorobutaneB. 2-chlorobutaneC. 1,2-dichlorobutaneD. 2,2-dichlorobutane166Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions?(1) The reaction between hydrogen chloride and propan-1-ol.(2) The reaction between hydrogen bromide and ethene.(3) The reaction between bromine and methane.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)167Which of the following statements concerning alcohols is INCORRECT?A. 2-methylpropan-2-ol is a tertiary alcohol.B. All the alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids.C. An alcohol can be dehydrated to an alkene by treating with concentratedsulphuric acid at 180C.D. Phosphorus trihalides can convert an alcohol to a haloalkane.168Which of the following reactions are correct?(1) 3CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + PBr 3 3CH 3 CHBrCH 2 CH 2 CH 3(2) CH 2 (OH)CH 2 (OH) + 4[O] (COOH) 2 + 2H 2 O(3) CH 3 CH 2 Br + NaOH CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaBrA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)169Which of the following compounds is/are the possible product(s) formed from the©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 445

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compoundsoxidation of butan-2-ol?(1) Butanone(2) Butanoic acid(3) ButanalA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only170Which of the following compounds could be collected from the oxidation ofpentan-1-ol?(1) Pentanoic acid(2) Pentanal(3) PentanoneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)171Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus tribromide are correct?(1) It can convert butan-2-ol to 2-bromobutane.(2) It can convert but-2-ene to 2,3-dibromobutane.(3) It is formed from the reaction between phosphorus and bromine.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)172Which of the following compounds is/are the possible product(s) formed from theoxidation of methanol?(1) Methanal(2) Methyl methanoate(3) Methanoic acidA. (1) onlyB. (2) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 446

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only173Which of the following reactions can produce a haloalkane?(1) The reaction between butan-1-ol and phosphorus trichloride.(2) The reaction between but-1-ene and hydrogen bromide.(3) The reaction between propene and chlorine solution.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)174Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction betweenethanol and solid potassium bromide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid?A. CH 3 CH 2 BrB. BrCH 2 CH 2 BrC. CH 3 CH 3D. BrCH=CHBr175Which of the following statements concerning the compound below is/are correct?(1) It is a primary alcohol.(2) It reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution to give a ketone.(3) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 2,2-dichlorobutan-1-ol as the majorproduct.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only176Which of the following compounds are NOT secondary alcohols?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 447

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1)(2)(3)A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)177Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between butan-1-ol andhydrogen bromide are correct?(1) The product of the reaction is bromobutane.(2) The reaction involved is a substitution reaction.(3) Hydrogen bromide should be made by heating bromine with red phosphorus.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)178Compound X is an alcohol with the condensed formula of CH 3 CH(OH)C 2 H 5 . Whichof the following statements concerning compound X is/are correct?(1) It is a secondary alcohol.(2) It undergoes dehydration in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid at 180C to givean alkene and water.(3) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid.A. (1) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 448

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only179Consider the following reaction:3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + PI 3 3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 I + Compound XWhat is compound X?A. P 2 O 5B. P 4 O 10C. H 3 PO 3D. H 3 PO 4180Which of the following reagents can convert primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?(1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution(2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution(3) Acidified potassium nitrate solutionA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 46.6181Which of the following statements concerning propanone are correct?(1) It has a lower boiling point than propanoic acid.(2) It can be reduced to give propan-2-ol.(3) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)182Consider the following reaction:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 449

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction?A.B.C.D.183Which of the following compounds can change acidified potassium dichromatesolution from orange to green in an appropriate condition?(1) Butanal(2) Pentan-2-one(3) Hexan-1-olA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)184Which of the following statements concerning LiAlH 4 are correct?(1) It should be stored in paraffin oil.(2) It should be used in dry ether.(3) It is soluble in common organic solvents.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 450

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)185Which of the following statements concerning the compound below are correct?(1) It has no reaction towards acidified potassium dichromate solution.(2) It can react with lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether, followed by dilutehydrochloric acid to give(3) It is optically inactive.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)186Which of the following statements concerning primary alcohols is/are correct?(1) They can be dehydrated to alkenes by treating with concentrated sulphuric acidat 180C.(2) They can be formed by reducing ketones with LiAlH 4 in dry ether and diluteacids.(3) They can be formed by reacting haloalkanes with sodium hydroxide solution.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only187Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 451

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compoundsbutanal and acidified potassium dichromate solution?A. But-1-eneB. Butan-1-olC. ButaneD. Butanoic acid188Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction betweenbutane-2,3-dione and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?A. 3-oxobutan-2-olB. 3-hydroxybutan-2-oneC. 2-hydroxybutan-3-oneD. Butane-2,3-diol189Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between2-bromopent-3-one and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?A. Pent-2,3-diolB. 2-bromopentan-3-olC. 2-hydroxypentan-3-oneD. 2-bromopentan-3,3-diolSection 46.7190Consider the following reaction:Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction?A.B.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 452

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC.D.191Consider the following reactions:What is compound B?A.B.C.D.192Which of the following reagents can be used to convert propanal to propanoic acid?A. Concentrated sulphuric acidB. Acidified potassium dichromate solutionC. Lithium aluminium hydride in dry etherD. Thionyl chloride193Which of the following reagents can be used to oxidize propan-1-ol to propanoicacid?(1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution(2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 453

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry etherA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)194Which of the following compounds can be oxidized by acidified potassiumdichromate solution?A. HCOOHB. CH 3 CH 2 OHC. CH 3 COCH 2 CH 3D. (CH 3 ) 3 COH195Consider the following reactions:Which of the following combinations is correct?Compound XReagent YA. CH 3 CH 2 CHO Concentrated H 2 SO 4B. CH 3 CH 2 CHO Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7C. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH Concentrated H 2 SO 4D. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7196Which of the following reactions can produce a primary alcohol?(1) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl + OH (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH + LiAlH 4 in dry ether + H +(3) CH 3 COCH 3 + LiAlH 4 in dry ether + H +A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)197Which of the following are the functions of concentrated sulphuric acid in the©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 454

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compoundsesterification of a carboxylic acid?(1) It acts as a catalyst.(2) It removes water produced from the reaction.(3) It precipitates the ester formed.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)198Which of the following chemicals are required for converting carboxylic acids toamides?(1) SOCl 2(2) HNO 3(3) NH 3A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)199Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction betweenbutanoic acid and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?A. ButanalB. Butan-1-olC. ButaneD. ButeneSection 46.8200Which of the following statements concerning esters are correct?(1) An ester is a colourless volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet fruity smell.(2) Methyl ethanoate can be hydrolysed to ethanoic acid and methanol by heatingunder reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid.(3) Methyl propanoate can be formed by heating a mixture of propanoic acid andmethanol with concentrated sulphuric acid.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 455

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)201Which of the following statements concerning butan-1-ol are correct?(1) It can be converted to but-1-ene in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid at180C.(2) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid by heating under reflux with acidifiedpotassium dichromate solution.(3) It is one of the products formed from the acid hydrolysis of butyl methanoate.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)202Which of the following statements concerning acid hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate arecorrect?(1) The products of acid hydrolysis are butanoic acid and ethanol.(2) The acid hydrolysis does not go to completion.(3) The acid hydrolysis can be catalysed by dilute hydrochloric acid.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)203Which of the following statements concerning hydrolysis of an ester are correct?(1) It can be carried out either in acidic or alkaline medium.(2) It can be catalysed by either strong acids or alkalis.(3) It can produce an alcohol as one of the products.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 46.9204©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 456

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following statements concerning an amide is/are correct?(1) Alkaline hydrolysis of an amide gives ammonia.(2) An amide can be reduced to carboxylic acid by LiAlH 4 in dry ether.(3) An amide can be formed by treating a carboxylic acid with SOCl 2 and then NH 3 .A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only205Consider the following reaction:Which of the following compounds are the products of the above reaction?A.B.C.D.206Which of the following compounds are the products formed from the alkalinehydrolysis of propanamide with sodium hydroxide solution?A. Propanone and ammoniaB. Propanoic acid and ammonium ion©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 457

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. Propan-1-ol and ammonium ionD. Sodium propanoate and ammonia207Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction betweenCH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 and NaOH(aq)?A. CH 3 CH 2 COOHB. CH 3 CH 2 COO Na +C. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2D. CH 3 CH 2 CHO208Which of the following reactions would give propanoic acid?(1) The reaction between propan-2-ol and acidified potassium permanganatesolution.(2) The reaction between methyl propanoate and water in the presence of dilutesulphuric acid.(3) The reaction between propanamide and water in the presence of dilutehydrochloric acid.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)209Which of the following reactions would give butanoate ion?(1) Adding sodium metal to butanoic acid.(2) Heating ethyl butanoate with dilute acid under reflux.(3) Heating butanamide with dilute sodium hydroxide solution under reflux.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only210Which of the following compounds are the products formed by heating a mixture ofpropanamide and dilute hydrochloric acid under reflux?(1) Propanoic acid©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 458

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2) Ammonia(3) Ammonium ionA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each ofthe two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or notthe second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then selectone option from A to D according to the following table:A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanationof the 1st statement.B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correctexplanation of the 1st statement.C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.D. Both statements are false.Sections 46.146.3211The hydrogenation of alkenes can becatalysed by either platinum or nickel.Either platinum or nickel is a metalcatalyst used to speed up thehydrogenation.212The major product of the reactionbetween 2-methylbut-2-ene andhydrogen chloride is2-chloro-2-methylbutane.Markovnikov’s rule states that thehydrogen atom in hydrogen chloride isadded to the carbon atom of thecarbon-carbon double bond that alreadycarries the larger number of hydrogenatoms.Sections 46.446.5213An alcohol can be oxidized to give analkene.In dehydration, hydrogen and oxygen inthe ratio of 2:1 are eliminated from acompound.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 459

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds214Ethanol can be oxidized by potassiumdichromate solution.Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanoicacid.Sections 46.646.7215Carboxylic acids can be reduced toalcohols by mixing with LiAlH 4 indilute acid.LiAlH 4 is a mild reducing agent.Chemistry: Chapter 47 Inter-conversions of carbon compoundsSection 47.1216What is the minimum number of steps in converting propane to propanamide?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5217Which of the following reagents are needed in a two-step synthesis of 1-bromoethanefrom ethanal?(1) Hydrogen bromide(2) Acidified potassium dichromate solution(3) Dilute sulphuric acidA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)218Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of1-chloropropane to propanamide?A. Phosphorus trichlorideB Sodium hydroxide solutionC. Acidified potassium dichromate solution©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 460

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. SOCl 2219Which of the following combinations is correct for a two-step synthesis of butanonefrom 2-bromobutane?Reagent used in step 1 Reagent used in step 2A. Sodium hydroxide solution Acidified potassium dichromatesolutionB. Phosphorus trichloride Concentrated sulphuric acidC. Sodium hydroxide solution LiAlH 4 in dry etherD. Acidified potassium dichromatesolutionSodium hydroxide solution220Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?ABA. 2-chloropropan-1-ol 2-chloropropanoic acidB. 1-chloropropan-2-ol 1-chloropropanoneC. Propane-1,2-diol 2-hydroxypropanoic acidD. Propane-1,2-diol 2-oxopropanoic acid221What is the minimum number of steps in converting an amide to an alkane?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5222Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of propanamide topropane?(1) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 461

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2) Sodium hydroxide solution(3) Dilute hydrochloric acidA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)223Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of 1-bromopropane topropanamide are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is two.(2) A primary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds.(3) Ammonia is one of the reagents.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)224Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?ABA. 4-hydroxybutanal 4-chlorobutanalB. 4-formylbutan-1-ol 4-chlorobutan-1-olC. Butane-1,4-diol 1,4-dichlorobutaneD. Butane-1,4-diol 1-chlorobutane225Consider the following multi-step synthesis:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 462

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following statements concerning the above synthesis is/are correct?(1) The reagent A is dilute sulphuric acid.(2) The reagent B is hydrogen bromide.(3) The major product X is 1-bromopropane.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only226Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of1-bromo-3-chloropropane to propane-1,3-diol are correct?(1) It is a substitution reaction.(2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution should be used.(3) It is a one-step synthesis.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)227What is the minimum number of steps in converting an alkane to an amide?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6228Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of ethanol toethanamide?(1) Ammonia(2) Concentrated sulphuric acid(3) Acidified potassium dichromate solutionA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 463

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds229Consider the following multi-step synthesis,Which of the following statements concerning the above synthesis are correct?(1) A is a dihaloalkane.(2) The molecular formula of B is C 4 H 10 O 2 .(3) C is butane-2,3-dione.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)230Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of butan-1-ol tobutane-1,2-diol are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is three.(2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution is required.(3) One of the intermediate compounds is a dihaloalkane.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)231Which of the following conversions involves an acid?(1) CH 3 CH 2 COOH CH 3 CH=CH 2(2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2(3) CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)232Which of the following conversions are regarded as hydrolysis?(1) CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 CH 3 CH 2 COO Na + + NH 3(2) CH 3 CH 2 COOH CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 464

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 COO Na + + CH 3 OHA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)233What is the minimum number of steps in converting a haloalkane to a carboxylicacid?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5234Consider the following multi-step synthesis:What is compound B?A. CH 3 CH 2 COOHB. CH 3 CH=CH 2C. CH 3 CH 2 CH 3D. CH 3 CH 2 CHO235Which of the following reagents are needed for a three-step synthesis of propene frompropanamide?(1) LiAlH 4 in dry ether(2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4(3) Dilute H 2 SO 4A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)236When butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C, the possibleproducts are©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 465

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) but-1-ene.(2) but-2-ene.(3) butanone.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)237In an experiment, 2-chloropropane was converted to propanone by the followingsynthetic route.Which of the following combinations is correct?Reagent XReagent YA. SOCl 2 Dilute NaOHB. Dilute NaOH Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7C. Dilute NaOH LiAlH 4 /dry etherD. Concentrated H 2 SO 4 Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7238Propene can be converted to propanone by the following synthetic route.Which of the following combinations is correct?XYA. Propan-1-ol 1-chloropropaneB. 1-chloropropane Propan-1-olC. Propan-2-ol 2-chloropropaneD. 2-chloropropane Propan-2-ol239Consider the following multi-step synthesis:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 466

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following combinations is correct?Type of reaction A Type of reaction BA. Addition ChlorinationB. Substitution ChlorinationC. Dehydration AdditionD. Dehydration Substitution240When ethanol is heated with acidified potassium dichromate solution, the possibleproducts are(1) ethanal.(2) ethanoic acid.(3) ethyl ethanoate.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)241Which of the following reagents are required for the conversion of propanamide to1-chloropropane?(1) Dilute hydrochloric acid(2) Phosphorus trichloride(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry etherA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)242Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?Reagent AReagent BA. Dilute NaOH HCl©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 467

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsB. Concentrated H 2 SO 4 HClC. Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 Cl 2 /CCl 4D. LiAlH 4 /dry ether Cl 2 /CCl 4243What is the minimum number of steps in converting propene to propanone?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4244Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of ethene toethanamide?A. Ammonia gasB. Sodium hydroxide solutionC. Chlorine gasD. Acidified potassium dichromate solution245Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of2-bromo-2-methylbutane to 2-methylbutane?A. Concentrated sulphuric acidB. Phosphorus trichlorideC. Hydrogen gasD. Nickel catalyst246Which of the following statements concerning the preparation of ethanal from ethanolare INCORRECT?(1) Concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst in the reaction.(2) In order to obtain ethanal, the reaction mixture should be heated under reflux forabout 20 to 30 minutes.(3) The reaction mixture should be heated in a water bath.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 468

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds247Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following is compound Z?A. CH 3 CH 3B. CH 3 CHOC. CH 3 COOHD. CH 3 CH 2 OH248Which of the following reagents are required during the conversion of ethene toethanoic acid?(1) Dilute NaOH(2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4(3) HClA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)249Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of ethene to ethanoicacid are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps in converting ethene to ethanoic acid is three.(2) A secondary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds.(3) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution is one of the reagents.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)250Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following is compound R?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 469

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. CH 3 CH 3B. CH 3 CH 2 ClC. CH 3 CCl 3D. CCl 3 CCl 3251Which of the following reagents are required during the conversion of CH 3 CH 2 OH toCCl 3 CCl 3 ?(1) H 2(2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4(3) Excess Cl 2 in CCl 4A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)252Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of CH 3 CH 2 OH toCCl 3 CCl 3 are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps in converting CH 3 CH 2 OH to CCl 3 CCl 3 is three.(2) An alkane is one of the intermediate compounds.(3) Excess Cl 2 in CCl 4 is one of the reagents.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)253Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following is compound Y?A. EthaneB. EthanolC. 1-chloroethaneD. 2-chloroethane254©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 470

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following statements concerning the conversion of ethanoic acid to1-chloroethane are correct?(1) A primary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds.(2) The minimum number of steps in converting ethanoic acid to 1-chloroethane istwo.(3) Dilute acid is one of the reagents.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)255Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following is compound Y?A. PentanamideB. 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acidC. 2,2-dimethylpropanamideD. 1-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanone256Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of C(CH 3 ) 3 CHO toC(CH 3 ) 3 CONH 2 ?(1) SOCl 2(2) NH 3(3) H 2A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)257Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of propanone topropene are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is two.(2) A secondary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 471

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether is one of the reagents.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)258Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of butanone to2-chlorobutane?(1) Phosphorus trichloride(2) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether(3) Dilute hydrochloric acidA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)259Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?Compound A Reagent B Compound CA. CH 3 CH 2 CHO Dilute HCl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OHB. CH 3 CH 2 COH Dilute NaOH CH 3 COCH 3C. CH 3 CH 2 COO Na + Dilute HCl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OHD. CH 3 CH 2 COO Na + Dilute NaOH CH 3 CH 2 CHO260Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of propanamide topropan-1-ol are correct?(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is three.(2) A carboxylic acid is one of the intermediate compounds.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 472

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) Lithium aluminium hydride is one of the reagents for the conversion.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)261Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?Compound PCompound RA. CH 3 COOH CH 3 OHB. CH 3 OH CH 3 COOHC. CH 3 COO Na + CH 3 OHD. CH 3 OH CH 3 COO Na +262Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?Compound PCompound RA . HCHO CH 3 COOHB. HCOOH CH 3 COOHC. C H 3 COOHHCOOHD. CH 3 COOH HCHO263Which of the following conversions involve a reducing agent?(1) CH 3 CHO CH 2 =CH 2(2) CH 2 =CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH(3) CH 3 COOH CH 3 CH 2 ClA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 473

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds264What is the minimum number of steps in converting an alkane to an aldehyde?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5265Consider the following multi-step synthesis:Which of the following combinations is correct?Reagent X Compound Y Compound ZA . Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 CH 3 COOH CH 3 OHB. C oncentrated H 2 SO 4 CH 2 =CH 2 CH 3 OHC. Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 CH 3 COOH CH 3CH 2 OHD. C oncentrated H 2 SO 4 CH 2 =CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH266Which of the following compounds CANNOT be converted to an alcohol in a singlestep?A. PropanoneB. PropanalC. PropaneD. Propene267Which of the following statements about converting 2-chloropropane to propanoneare correct?(1) The conversion is a two-step synthesis.(2) One of the reagents of the conversion is sodium hydroxide solution.(3) A secondary alcohol is an intermediate compound.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 474

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds268Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of propanamide topropene?(1) Concentrated H 2 SO 4(2) Dilute HCl(3) LiAlH 4A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 47.2269When 23.0 g of ethanol reacts with 48.5 g of hydrogen bromide, 32.7 g ofbromoethane is obtained. What is the percentage yield of bromoethane?A. 30.0%B. 50.1%C. 60.0%D. 70.3%270When 1 mole of ethanol is oxidized by heating with acidified potassium dichromatesolution, 0.8 mole of ethanoic acid is obtained. Which of the following statementsconcerning the oxidation are correct?(1) The percentage yield of ethanoic acid is 80.0%.(2) Ethanal is an intermediate compound in the above oxidation.(3) Acidified KMnO 4 can replace acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in the above oxidation.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)271Consider the following multi-step synthesis:The overall percentage yield is 36%.Whatis the percentage yield for converting C to©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 475

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD?A. 80%B. 75%C. 65%D. 60%272What is the overall yield of the following synthesis?A. 24%B. 48%C. 50%D. 60%273When 4.6 g of ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, 1.4 g of ethene isobtained. What is the percentage yield of ethene?A. 10.0%B. 30.4%C. 50.0%D. 60.9%274What is the overall yield of the following synthesis?A. 10.0%B. 14.4%C. 30.0%D. 40.0%275When 70.0 g of chloroethane mixed with excess sodium hydroxide solution, 27.0 g ofethanol was obtained. What is the percentage yield of ethanol?A. 27.0%B. 38.6%C. 53.9%©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 476

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. 71.6%276Which of the following statements about planning a synthetic route are correct?(1) The planned route should produce little or no by-products.(2) The planned route should involve as few steps as possible.(3) The percentage yield of planned route should be over 50%.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)277When 28.0 g of ethene reacts with excess hydrogen chloride, 38.0 g of chloroethane isobtained. What is the percentage yield of chloroethane?A. 38.0%B. 58.9%C. 66.0%D. 73.7%278The overall yield of the following synthesis is 28%. What is the percentage yield forconverting B to C?A. 14%B. 28%C. 50%D. 75%279When 12.0 g of butan-1-ol and 10.2 g of ethanoic acid were mixed and heated underreflux with a few cm 3 of concentrated sulphuric acid, 5.8 g of ester was obtained.What is the percentage yield of the ester formed?A. 56.9%B. 48.3%C. 30.9%D. 29.4%©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 477

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds280In an experiment, 10.5 g of methyl ethanoate was heated under reflux with a diluteacid to give a mixture of ethanoic acid and methanol. Then, pure ethanoic acid wasdistilled out from the product mixture and required 100 cm 3 of 0.5 M sodiumcarbonate solution for complete neutralization. What is the percentage yield ofethanoic acid?A. 35.2%B. 57.1%C. 70.4%D. 81.1%281When 10 cm 3 of methanoic acid (density = 1.2 g cm 3 ) was heated under reflux with10 cm 3 of ethanol (density = 0.8 g cm 3 ) in the presence of acid catalyst, 8.5 g of ethylmethanoate was obtained. What is the percentage yield of ethyl methanoate?A. 42.5%B. 44.0%C. 65.9%D. 70.8%Section 47.3282Which of the following statements about using a reflux condenser in a laboratorypreparation of an ester are correct?(1) It condenses vapour formed from the reaction mixture during heating.(2) It prevents the loss of volatile substances on prolonged heating.(3) It must be kept open to the atmosphere during heating.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)283In a laboratory preparation of an ester, a distillate is obtained after distilling theproduct mixture.Which of the following statements concerning the distillate are correct?(1) The distillate has a much lower percentage of water.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 478

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2) The distillate is mixed with excess sodium carbonate solution to remove anyacidic substances.(3) The distillate has to be redistilled to obtain pure ester.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)284In a laboratory preparation of an ester, a mixture of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid isheated under reflux in the presence of acid catalyst. Then, a distillate is obtained afterdistilling the product mixture. Which of the following reagents are used to purify thedistillate?(1) Sodium carbonate solution(2) Calcium chloride solution(3) Anhydrous calcium chlorideA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each ofthe two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or notthe second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then selectone option from A to D according to the following table:A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanationof the 1st statement.B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correctexplanation of the 1st statement.C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.D. Both statements are false.S ections 47.147.3285Concentrated sulphuric acid is used inthe laboratory preparation of ester.Concentrated sulphuric acid is anoxidizing agent.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 479

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds286In the laboratory preparation of anester, concentrated sulphuric acid isused as a catalyst.In the laboratory preparation of an ester,concentrated sulphuric acid drives theequilibrium of esterification to theproduct side by removing water formed.287The reflux condenser is used tocondense vapour formed from thereaction mixture during heating.The reflux condenser should be keptopen to the atmosphere during heating.Chemistry: Chapter 48 Important organic substancesS ection 48.1288Which of the following compounds is NOT a carbohydrate?A. C 6 (H 2 O) 6B. C 5 H 10 O 5C. C 3 H 6 O 3D. C 7 H 15 O 7289Which of the following statements about glucose and fructose are correct?(1) They have the same molecular formula.(2) They are chain isomers.(3) They can exist in a ring form.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)290Which of the following statements concerning simple sugars are correct?(1) Their general formula is C x (H 2 O) y .(2) Glucose and fructose are simple sugars.(3) They are insoluble in water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 480

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)291Which of the following statements concerning glucose and fructose are correct?(1) They have different numbers of chiral carbon atoms.(2) They are position isomers.(3) They are soluble in water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)292Which of the following functional groups are present in fructose?(1) Hydroxyl group(2) Ketone group(3) Aldehyde groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)293Consider the following structure:What is the above compound?A. FructoseB. GlucoseC. SucroseD. Starch©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 481

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds294Consider the following structure:What is the above comp ound?A. FructoseB. GlucoseC. SucroseD. StarchSection 48.2295Which of the following statements about animal fats are correct?(1) They are generally solids at room temperature.(2) They contain a higher proportion of triglycerides derived from long-chainunsaturated fatty acids.(3) They are formed from glycerol which has three OH groups.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)296Which of the following functional groups present in an unsaturated fat molecule?(1) Ester group(2) Carbon-carbon double bond(3) Carboxyl groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)297Whichof the following are unsaturated fatty acids?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 482

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) Oleic acid(2) Linoleic acid(3) Palmitic acidA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)298Which of the following statements concerning animal fats and vegetable oils arecorrect?(1) Animal fats have a higher percentage of saturated triglycerides than vegetableoils.(2) Eating too much animal fats will raise blood cholesterol level.(3) Animal fats and vegetable oils are solids and liquids at room conditionsrespectively.A. (1) and ( 2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)299Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids are correct?(1) They are one of the components of fats and oils.(2) If the hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid contains carbon-carbon double bonds, thefatty acid is saturated.(3) They are long-chain carboxylic acids containing 11 to 23 carbon atoms.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)300Which of the following statements about olive oil derived from oleic acid(CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 COOH) is/are INCORRECT?(1) It is a vegetable oil.(2) It is usually a solid at room temperature.(3) It has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 483

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only301Which of the following statements concerning vegetable oils is INCORRECT?A. The chemical structures of vegetable oils are triesters.B. Vegetable oils can be converted into margarine by hydrogenation.C. Vegetable oils generally contain a higher proportion of triglycerides derivedfrom long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.D. All vegetable oils are optically inactive.302Which of the following statements concerning glucose are correct?(1) It is a carbohydrate.(2) It reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution to give a green solution.(3) It reacts with iodine solution to give a dark blue solution.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)303The diagram below shows the structure of a vegetable oil molecule. R 1 , R 2 and R 3 arehydrocarbon chains containing the same number of carbon atoms but differentnumbers of C=C bonds.Which of the following statements concerning the vegetable oil molecule is/arecorrect?(1) It is optically active.(2) It is a condensation polymerof glycerol and fatty acids.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 484

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) The vegetable oil becomes solid after hydrogenation in the presence of a metalcatalyst.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only304A fat molecule is shown below:Which of the following functional groups is present in the fat molecule?A. Hydroxyl groupB. Ketone groupC. Ester groupD. Carboxyl groupSection 48.3305Which of the following statements concerning proteins are correct?(1) Proteins are long polypeptide chains.(2) There are many amide linkages in proteins.(3) Water is eliminated during the formation of proteins.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)306A segmentof a polypeptide is shown below:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 485

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following amino acids make up the segment?(1)(2)(3)A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)307Which of the following statements concerning amino acids are correct?(1) Each amino acid molecule contains an amino group and a carboxyl group.(2) All amino acid molecules have a chiral carbon atom and thus can rotate the planeof polarized light.(3) Amino acid molecules undergo condensation reaction to give protein.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)308Which of the following statements concerning protein is/are correct?(1) It is a natural polymer.(2) It is an addition polymer.(3) All amino acids are optically active.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 486

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only309A segment of a polypeptide is shown below:Which of the following functional groups is present in the individual amino acids thatmake up the polypeptide?A. Amino groupB. Amide groupC. Ketone groupD. Carbonyl groupSection 48.4310Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in aspirin?A. Carbonyl groupB. Benzene ringC. Ester groupD. Carboxyl group311Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in aspirin?A. Ester groupB. Benzene ringC. Hydroxyl groupD. Carboxyl group312Which of the following functional groups does aspirin contain?(1) Carboxyl group(2) Hydroxyl group(3) Ester group©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 487

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)313Which of the following statements concerning aspirin are correct?(1) It is an ester.(2) It is a painkiller.(3) Low dose of aspirin prevents stroke.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)314Which of the following functional groups are present in aspirin?(1) Carboxyl group(2) Amide group(3) Benzene ringA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)315Consider the following structure of paracetamol:Which of the following functional groups are present in paracetamol?(1) Amide group(2) Ketone group(3) Hydroxyl groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 488

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. (1), (2) and (3)316Which of the following are the functional groups that can be found in acetylsalicylicacid (aspirin)?(1) Aldehyde group(2) Carboxyl group(3) Ester groupA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)317Which of the following are the major products when aspirin is heated with sodiumhydroxide solution under reflux?(1) CH 3 COO Na +(2)(3)A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)318Which of the following are the functions of aspirin?(1) Relieving pain(2) Reducing inflammation and fever(3) Reducing the risk of heart attackA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 489

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsSection 48.5319Which of the following statements about soapy detergents are correct?(1) Their structures have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.(2) They are made from petroleum.(3) They form scum with calcium ions in hard water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)320Which of the following statements about soapless detergents are correct?(1) They have wetting and emulsifying properties.(2) They are usually sodium salts of long-chain alkylsulphate.(3) They form lather with magnesium ions in hard water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)321Which of the following sequences is correct for the cleaning action of soaps andsoapless detergents?(1) The hydrophobic tails of detergent anions dissolve in grease.(2) The grease forms tiny droplets, forming an emulsion.(3) Water can enter small spaces to wet the object thoroughly.(4) Water molecules attract the hydrophilic heads of detergent anions, lifting up thegrease from surface.A. (4), (1), (2), (3)B. (1), (4), (2), (3)C. (4), (3), (1), (2)D. (3), (1), (4), (2)322Which of the following statements concerning soapy detergents is/are INCORRECT?(1) Soapy detergents are always acidic.(2) Each soapy detergent anion contains an ionic head and a hydrocarbon chain.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 490

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) Soapy detergents are made from petroleum.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only323Which of the following organic substances contain(s) carboxylate group?(1) Soap(2) Glycerol(3) AspirinA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only324Which of the following statements concerning soapy detergents are correct?(1) They are always alkaline.(2) They are made from chemicals obtained from petroleum.(3) The ionic head of soapy detergent is always a carboxylate group.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)325Which of the following statements concerning a detergent anion is/are correct?(1) It contains a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.(2) It is attracted to both water and oil molecules.(3) Its ionic head must be a carboxylate group.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only326Which of the following statements concerning saponification are correct?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 491

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) It involves sodium hydroxide solution.(2) It is used to prepare soapless detergents.(3) It gives glycerol as the by-product.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)327Which of the following statements concerning hard water are correct?(1) It contains considerable concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium ions.(2) Soapless detergents work properly in it.(3) Both lather and scum are formed when soap works in it.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)328Which of the following products are formed when peanut oil is boiled with sodiumhydroxide solution?(1) Propane-1,2,3-triol(2) Soapy detergents(3) EsterA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)329Soapy detergents do not work properly in acidic medium becauseA. soapy detergents form esters with acids.B. soapy detergents react with acids to form an insoluble scum.C. soapy detergents decompose in acids.D. soapy detergents form fatty acid in acids.330Which of the following is a correct general structure for a detergent particle?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 492

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA.B.C.D.331Which of the following are the correct structures for soapless detergents?(1)(2)(3)A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)332Which of the following is/are the correct structure(s) for soaps?(1)(2)(3)A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 493

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds333Which of the following statements concerning the wetting property of detergents arecorrect?(1) It reduces the surface tension of water.(2) It enables water to wet things more efficiently.(3) It emulsifies grease.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)334Which of the following statements concerning the arrangement of detergent anions inan oil-water mixture are correct?(1) Before shaking the mixture, the ionic heads of the detergent anions dissolve inwater.(2) Before shaking the mixture, the hydrocarbon tails of the detergent anionsdissolve in the oil.(3) After shaking the mixture, negatively charged oil droplets are formed.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)335Which of the following statements concerning hard water is/are correct?(1) Hard water contains considerable concentrations of calcium and/or magnesiumions.(2) Soaps form lather in hard water.(3) Both soaps and soapless detergents work well in hard water.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only336Consider the following statements:©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 494

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) The hydrophobic tails of detergent anions dissolve in grease.(2) By stirring, the grease is broken down into tiny droplets, forming an emulsion.(3) A detergent enables water to wet the object thoroughly.(4) Water molecules attract the hydrophilic heads of detergent anions, lifting up thegrease from the surface.Which of the following is a correct sequence of the above statements for describinghow a detergent removes grease from a surface?A. (1), (2), (3), (4)B. (1), (4), (3), (2)C. (3), (1), (4), (2)D. (3), (4), (2), (1)337Which of the following substances are the starting materials for making soaps?(1) Animal fats(2) Vegetable oils(3) Chemicals obtained from petroleumA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)338Which of the following statements concerning soaps and soapless detergents is/arecorrect?(1) Both of them work well in hard water.(2) Both have wetting and emulsifying properties.(3) Both are made from fats or oils.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only339Which of the following statements about detergents are correct?(1) Detergents reduce the surface tension of water and enable water to wet thingsmore easily.(2) Detergents are emulsifying agents which mix oil and water together.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 495

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(3) Detergents are made from animal fats.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)340Which of the following statements about soapy detergents is/are correct?(1) They form lather in hard water.(2) They can be prepared by heating vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide solution.(3) They react with the sodium ions to form scum.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only341Which of the following combinations concerning the general structure of a detergentanion is correct?The headThe tailA. Hydrophobic HydrophilicB. Hydrophobic HydrophobicC. Hydrophilic HydrophobicD. Hydrophilic Hydrophilic342Which of the following is/are soapy detergent(s)?(1)(2)(3)A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only343©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 496

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsWhich of the following diagrams correctly shows the detergent anions arrangethemselves in an oil droplet?A. B.C. D.344Which of the following statements about adding a detergent to an oil-water mixtureare correct?(1) The heads of detergent anions dissolve in the oil.(2) Oil droplets are formed after shaking the mixture.(3) The oil droplets are negatively charged and disperse throughout the water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)345Which of the following statements concerning detergents are correct?(1) Detergents are substances which have cleaning power.(2) Detergents are substances which enhance the cleaning power of water.(3) Detergents work as a wetting agent and an emulsifying agent.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)346Which of the following are detergents?(1) C 17 H 35 COOK©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 497

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(2) C 12 H 25 OSO 3 Na(3) C 17 H 35 COOHA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)347Why are soapless detergents called ‘soapless’?A. They do not have the cleaning power as soaps.B. They do not contain any soap.C. They do not form any lather when they are shaken with water.D. They cannot be used together with soaps.348Which of the following diagrams represents the correct structure of a detergentparticle?A. B.C. D.Ionic headHydrocarbon tail349Which of the following is the structure of a soapy detergent particle?A. B.C. D.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 498

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds350Which of the following is the structure of a soapless detergent particle?A. B.C. D.351Which of the following diagrams represents the detergent solution on a piece of cloth?A. B.C. D.352Which of the following diagrams correctly represents a mixture of water and oil (witha little detergent added) after shaking and allowing it to stand?A. B.oilwaterwateroilC. D.water + oildropletswater and oilsolution353Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the arrangement of detergentanions in an oil-water mixture after shaking?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 499

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. B.wateroil dropletwateroil dropletC.waterD.oil dropletwateroil droplet354Which of the following statements about detergents are correct?(1) A detergent is sometimes known as a surfactant.(2) The hydrocarbon tails of detergent anions contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms ingeneral.(3) Detergents form scum in hard water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)355Which of the following statements about soaps is correct?A. They are usually potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.B. They are usually long-chain organic acids.C. They are usually long-chain covalent molecules.D. They are usually long-chain polymers.356Which of the following represents a soapy detergent with good cleaning power?A. C 2 H 5 COO Na +B. C 17 H 35 COO K +C. C 17 H 35 COOHD. C 17 H 35 OSO 3 Na +357A glass of water is used to test with soapy and soapless detergents. The results areshown below:Soapy detergent Soapless detergent©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 500

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsScum a lot noLather little a lotWhat is in the glass?A. Distilled waterB. Soft waterC. Deionized waterD. Sea water358When vegetable oil is boiled with sodium hydroxide solution, a product mixture isobtained. Then concentrated sodium chloride solution is added to the product mixture,a creamy yellow solid is obtained. Which of the following statements isINCORRECT?A. Glycerol is formed in the process as a by-product.B. The step of adding concentrated sodium chloride solution is called ‘saltingout’.C. The creamy yellow solid is an ester.D. The creamy yellow solid can be used to remove grease.359Which of the following combinations for making a soapy detergent is correct?A. Butter + sodium hydroxide solutionB. Palm oil + calcium hydroxide solutionC. Crude oil + potassium hydroxide solutionD. Paraffin oil + sodium hydroxide solution360Grease and oil in ovens or kitchen sinks are readily removed by concentrated sodiumhydroxide solution. Which of the following statements concerning the reactioninvolved are correct?(1) The grease and oil are hydrolysed by concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.(2) A lot of heat is evolved when concentrated sodium hydroxide dissolves in water.(3) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution reacts with grease and oil to giveproducts which are soluble in water and can go through the drains.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 501

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds361Which of the following alkalis is usually used to prepare bath soaps?A. Sodium hydroxideB. AmmoniaC. Potassium hydroxideD. Calcium hydroxide362Under which of the following conditions do soapy detergents work improperly?(1) Acidic medium(2) Sea water(3) Hard waterA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)363Which of the following substances is usually NOT the additives of washing powders?A. BleachB. AlkaliC. EnzymesD. Perfumes364Which of the following compounds are the possible products when a soapy detergentis added to a sample of acidic sea water?(1) (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO) 2 Ca(2) (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO) 2 Mg(3) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COOHA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)365Which of the following ways can prevent soaps from forming scum in hard water?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 502

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) Adding phosphates in hard water.(2) Adding washing soda in hard water.(3) Adding sodium chloride in hard water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)366Which of the following substances can form scum with soaps?A. Sea waterB. Distilled waterC. Tap waterD. Deionized water367Which of the following statements about adding dilute hydrochloric acid into a soapydetergent solution are correct?(1) Solid ester is formed.(2) White precipitate is produced.(3) Cleaning action of the soapy detergent solution is lost.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)368Which of the following combinations concerning detergents is correct?Soapy detergentSoapless detergentA.B.C.D.369Soaps have a cleaning property because they©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 503

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds(1) emulsify oil with water.(2) increase the cohesive forces between water molecules.(3) enable water to spread over the surface and wet it more easily.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)370After the formation of soap by heating vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide solution,what is added to the product mixture to obtain solid soap?A. Sodium hydroxideB. BrineC. Small piece of solid soapD. Calcium carbonate371Which of the following solutions can form scum with soapy detergents?(1) Magnesium chloride solution(2) Sodium chloride solution(3) Calcium chloride solutionA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)372The formula of certain soap is C n H 2n+1 COONa and the relative molecular mass of it isbetween 240 and 245. What is the value of n?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 15373What could be observed when soapy detergent is added to lime water?A. lather is formed.B. The solution turns pink.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 504

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsC. White precipitate is formed.D. The solution is divided into two layers.374Which of the following statements about soapy detergents is INCORRECT?A. They contain carboxylate group (COO ).B. They form scum in hard water.C. They can be ‘tailor-made’ to suit a particular cleaning purpose.D. They can be made by reacting animal fats with sodium hydroxide solution.375Pipe cleaners are commonly used at home to clean drainpipes. On the label of pipecleaner containers, safety direction is usually printed as, ‘Wear rubber gloves andavoid contact with skin and eyes when using.’ Why this safety direction must befollowed?A. The active ingredient is detergent which makes skin rough and dry.B. The active ingredient is sodium hydroxide solution which is corrosive.C. The active ingredient is enzyme which digests the grease.D. The active ingredient is bleach which is corrosive and bleaches the skin.376Consider the following reaction:Coconut oil + Sodium hydroxide solution Soap + Substance XWhich of the following compounds is substance X?A. EthanolB. WaterC. GlycerolD. Triester377Which of the following CANNOT be used in making soaps?A. Palm oilB. LardC. Paraffin oilD. Linseed oil378What is another name for saponification?©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 505

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. Redox reactionB. Alkaline hydrolysis of animal fats or vegetable oilsC. Acidic hydrolysis of animal fats and vegetable oilsD. Dehydration379Which of the following statements concerning soapless detergents is/are correct?(1) They work properly in hard water.(2) They form scum in hard water.(3) Bath soaps are soapless detergents.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only380The diagram below shows the structure of a detergent particle:Which of the following statements about the detergent are INCORRECT?(1) It is made from vegetable oils.(2) Its ionic head is hydrophobic.(3) It forms scum in hard water.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Section 48.6381Which of the following organic substances contain amide linkages?(1) Proteins(2) Nylon(3) PolyestersA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 506

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds382The general repeating unit of nylon is shown below:Which of the following statements concerning the repeating unit are correct?(1) R and R’ refer to hydrocarbon chains.(2) Nylon is made up by many repeating units.(3) The linkage is called amide linkage.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)383Which of the following statements concerning nylon is/are INCORRECT?(1) Nylon is a polyester.(2) It contains peptide linkages.(3) The general repeating unit of nylon isA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) onlySecti on 48.7384Whic h of the following organic substances has amide linkages?A. TriglycerideB. GlucoseC. Nylon©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 507

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsD. Polyester385Which of the following polymers is/are linked by amide linkages?(1) Protein(2) PET(3) PolystyreneA. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) only386Which of the following statements about synthetic fibres are correct?(1) Nylon and polyesters are synthetic substitute of wool and silk.(2) Monomers of nylon and polyesters are joined by amide linkages and esterlinkages respectively.(3) The synthesis of synthetic fibres involved a condensation reaction.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)387Which of the following organic substances are condensation polymers?(1) Protein(2) Nylon 6,6(3) TeryleneA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)388Which of the following compounds are the possible monomers of a polyester?(1) HOOCCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH(2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH(3) HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 508

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)389Which of the following organic substances contain ester groups?(1) Proteins(2) Aspirin(3) PolyestersA. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3)Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each ofthe two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or notthe second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then selectone option from A to D according to the following table:A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanationof the 1st statement.B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correctexplanation of the 1st statement.C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.D. Both statements are false.Section 48.1390Fructose cannot be oxidized to givecarboxylic acid.Fructose has a ketone group.391Fructose is a kind of carbohydrate andhas an aldehyde group.Glucose is also a kind of carbohydrateand has an aldehyde group.Secti on 48.2392©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 509

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsGlycerol is insoluble in water.Glycerol is a component oftriglycerides.393Vegetable oils are usually liquids atroom temperature.Vegetable oils are derived fromlong-chain unsaturated fatty acids in cisconfiguration.Secti ons 48.348.5394Soapless detergents are alwaysalkaline.Soapless detergents are sodium salts oflong-chain alkylbenzenesulphonate andalkylsulphate.395Soapless detergents form lather easilyin hard water.The ionic heads of soapless detergentparticles do not precipitate with eithercalcium or magnesium ions in hardwater.396Detergents are always alkaline.Soapy detergents are made from thereaction between fats/oils and sodiumhydroxide solution.397A detergent solution can wet a clothmore easily than water.A detergent reduces the surface tensionof water.398Shampoos are soapless detergents.Shampoos are made from chemicalsobtained from petroleum.399Soapless detergents are sodium salts oflong-chain carboxylic acids.Soapless detergents are made fromanimal fats.400©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 510

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsIn the presence of detergent, oil andwater can mix together.Detergent is a wetting agent.401Detergents can remove grease and dirtfrom a surface.Detergents have both wetting andemulsifying properties.402When a detergent is mixed with water,effervescence occurs.Lather is formed when a detergent ismixed with water.403Detergents can dissolve in both waterand grease.Each detergent particle has ahydrophilic head and a hydrophobictail.404After saponification is completed,concentrated sodium chloride solutionis added to separate the soaps from thesolution.Concentrated sodium chloride solutionlowers the solubility of soaps in water.405Bath soaps are soapy detergents.Bath soaps are made from animal fatsand sodium hydroxide solution.406Soapless detergents work well in hardwater.Hard water contains considerableconcentrations of magnesium ions andcalcium ions.407Soapy detergents do not work well inhard water.Soap anions react with calcium and/ormagnesium ions in hard water to giveinsoluble scum.408©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 511

HKDSE Chemistry A Modern ViewPart XI Chemistry of Carbon CompoundsSoapy detergents work well in acidicwater.When soapy detergents are added toacidic water, long-chain carboxylicacids are formed.409Soapy detergents work properly in seawater.Sea water does not contain anymagnesium ions and calcium ions.410Washing soda is a water softener.Washing soda removes calcium andmagnesium ions as insolublecarbonates.Sections 48.648.7411Both nylon and polyesters areinsoluble in water.Nylon contains amide linkages whilepolyesters contain ester linkage.©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010 512