OBD Operation Summary for Fiesta - MotorCraftService.com

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Fuel System MonitorThe closed loop fuel strategy uses O2 sensors for feedback. The fuel equation includes short and long term fuel trimmodifiers:A conventional O2 sensor (not a wide-range sensor) can only indicate if the mixture is richer or leaner thanstoichiometric. During closed loop operation, short term fuel trim values are calculated by the ECM using oxygen sensorinputs in order to maintain a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. The ECM is constantly making adjustments to the short term fueltrim, which causes the oxygen sensor voltage to switch from rich to lean around the stoichiometric point. As long as theshort term fuel trim is able to cause the oxygen sensor voltage to switch, a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio is maintained.When initially entering closed loop fuel, SHRTFT starts 1.0 and begins adding or subtracting fuel in order to make theoxygen sensor switch from its current state. If the oxygen sensor signal sent to the ECM is greater than 0.45 volts, theECM considers the mixture rich and SHRTFT shortens the injector pulse width. When the cylinder fires using the newinjector pulse width, the exhaust contains more oxygen. Now when the exhaust passes the oxygen sensor, it causes thevoltage to switch below 0.45 volts, the ECM considers the mixture lean, and SHRTFT lengthens the injector pulse width.This cycle continues as long as the fuel system is in closed loop operation.O2 sensor voltageSHRTFT, Short TermFuel TrimAs fuel, air, or engine components age or otherwise change over the life of the vehicle, the adaptive fuel strategy learnsdeviations from stoichiometry while running in closed loop fuel. Corrections are only learned during closed loopoperation, and are stored in the ECM as long term fuel trim values (LONGFT). They may be stored into a rpm/load table.LONGFT values are only learned when SHRTFT values cause the oxygen sensor to switch. If the average SHRTFTvalue remains above or below stoichiometry, the ECM “learns” a new LONGFT value, which allows the SHRTFT valueto return to an average value near 1.0. LONGFT values are stored in Keep Alive Memory as a function of air mass. TheLONGFT value displayed on the scan tool is the value being used for the current operating condition.CONTINENTAL REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17, 2010 PAGE 30 OF 111
O2 sensor voltageSHRTFT, Short TermFuel Trim, shifted richLONGFT, Long TermFuel Trim, learning therich correctionAs components continue to change beyond normal limits or if a malfunction occurs, the long-term fuel trim values willreach a calibratable rich or lean limit where the adaptive fuel strategy is no longer allowed to compensate for additionalfuel system changes. Long term fuel trim corrections at their limits, in conjunction with a calibratable deviation in shortterm fuel trim, indicate a rich or lean fuel system malfunction.CONTINENTAL REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17, 2010 PAGE 31 OF 111
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OBD Operation Summary for Fiesta - MotorCraftService.com

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