END NOTES1 Clacherty, G., Donald, D. & Clacherty, A. (2005),Children’s Experiences <strong>of</strong> Corporal Punishment <strong>in</strong><strong>Swaziland</strong>, Pretoria, Save the Children Sweden.2 Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment<strong>of</strong> Children (2005), <strong>End<strong>in</strong>g</strong> legalised violenceaga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>children</strong>, Report for Caribbean RegionalConsultation – the UN Secretary General’s Studyon Violence aga<strong>in</strong>st Children, London, GlobalInitiative to End All Corporal Punishment<strong>of</strong> Children.3 Clacherty, G. et al op cit.4 Ibid.5 Ibid.6 Ennew, J. & Plateau, D.P. (2004), How toresearch the physical and emotional <strong>punishment</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>children</strong>, Bangkok, International Save theChildren Alliance.7 Presentation by Carol Bower, RAPCAN, onthe psycho-sexual consequences <strong>of</strong> <strong>corporal</strong><strong>punishment</strong> to the South African Children’s BillWork<strong>in</strong>g Group, June 2004.8 Dawes, A., Kafaar, Z. & de Sas Kropiwnicki,Z.O., Pather, R. & Richter, L. (2004), PartnerViolence, Attitudes to Child Discipl<strong>in</strong>e & Use<strong>of</strong> Corporal Punishment: A South AfricanNational Survey, Cape Town, Child Youth& Family Development, Human SciencesResearch Council.9 Durrant, J.E., Ensom, R. & Coalition on PhysicalPunishment <strong>of</strong> Children and Youth (2004),Jo<strong>in</strong>t Statement on Physical Punishment <strong>of</strong>Children and Youth, Ottawa, Coalition onPhysical Punishment <strong>of</strong> Children and Youth.10 Clacherty, G. et al op cit.11 Porteus, K., Vally, S. & Ruth, T. (2001),Alternatives to <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> – Grow<strong>in</strong>gdiscipl<strong>in</strong>e and respect <strong>in</strong> our classrooms,Johannesburg, He<strong>in</strong>emann Publishers (Pty) Ltd.12 Ibid.13 Ibid.14 Clacherty, G. et al op cit.15 Ibid.16 Ibid.17 Ibid.18 Ibid.19 Ibid.20 Ibid.21 Kassan, D. & Gall<strong>in</strong>etti J. (2005), Report on thelegal status <strong>of</strong> <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> and otherforms <strong>of</strong> humiliat<strong>in</strong>g and degrad<strong>in</strong>g <strong>punishment</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>children</strong> <strong>in</strong> South Africa, <strong>Swaziland</strong> andZambia, Cape Town, Community Law Centre.22 The survey looked at <strong>children</strong>’s experiences<strong>of</strong> <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> and other forms <strong>of</strong>humiliat<strong>in</strong>g and degrad<strong>in</strong>g <strong>punishment</strong> with<strong>in</strong>four <strong>in</strong>come bands, i.e. low = E 1 000/month orless, low-mid = E 1 001-3 000/month , mid-high= E 3 001-10 000/month, high = E 10 001/monthor more.23 Clacherty, G. et al op cit.24 Ibid.25 Ibid.26 Ibid.27 Ibid.28 Ibid.29 Ibid.30 Ibid.31 Ibid.32 Ibid.33 Ibid.34 Ibid.35 Ibid.36 Ibid.37 Ibid.38 Ibid.39 Ibid.40 Ibid.41 Ibid.42 Article 3(1) – In all actions concern<strong>in</strong>g<strong>children</strong>, whether undertaken by public orprivate social welfare <strong>in</strong>stitutions, courts <strong>of</strong>law, adm<strong>in</strong>istrative authorities or legislativebodies, the best <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong> the child shall bea primary consideration.Article 6(2) – States Parties shall ensure to themaximum extent possible the survival anddevelopment <strong>of</strong> the child.Article 28(2) – States Parties shall take allappropriate measures to ensure that schooldiscipl<strong>in</strong>e is adm<strong>in</strong>istered <strong>in</strong> a mannerconsistent with the child’s human dignity and<strong>in</strong> conformity with the present Convention.Article 40(1) – States Parties recognize theright <strong>of</strong> every child alleged as, accused <strong>of</strong>, orrecognized as hav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>fr<strong>in</strong>ged the penal lawto be treated <strong>in</strong> a manner consistent with thepromotion <strong>of</strong> the child’s sense <strong>of</strong> dignity andworth, which re<strong>in</strong>forces the child’s respect forthe human rights and fundamental freedoms <strong>of</strong>others and which takes <strong>in</strong>to account the child’sage and the desirability <strong>of</strong> promot<strong>in</strong>g thechild’s re<strong>in</strong>tegration and the child’s assum<strong>in</strong>g aconstructive role <strong>in</strong> society.34
43 HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4, page 108.44 Kassan, D. et al op cit.45 Ibid.46 Ibid.47 The arguments outl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this section arelargely taken from the book Hitt<strong>in</strong>g Peopleis Wrong – and Children are People Too,A practical handbook for organizations and<strong>in</strong>stitutions challeng<strong>in</strong>g <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>children</strong>, Global Initiative to End All CorporalPunishment <strong>of</strong> Children & Save the ChildrenSweden, 2003.48 Sloth-Nielsen, J. (2002), Hitt<strong>in</strong>g Children is Wrong– a plea to end <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> <strong>in</strong> SouthAfrica, Pretoria, Save the Children Sweden.49 Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment<strong>of</strong> Children (2003), Hitt<strong>in</strong>g People is Wrong– and Children are People Too, A practicalhandbook for organizations and <strong>in</strong>stitutionschalleng<strong>in</strong>g <strong>corporal</strong> <strong>punishment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>children</strong>,Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment<strong>of</strong> Children & Save the Children Sweden.50 Clacherty, G. op cit.51 Sloth-Nielsen, J. op cit.35
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