Master Thesis Master Thesis Current situation of wastewater in India

Research Master Thesis objective and methodologyBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionResearch objectivesi. To clarify the obstacles to wastewater PPPs in India;ii. To identify the success factors of past wastewater PPPs;iii. To gain lessons for donors;iv. To propose an aid scheme for JICA.MethodologiesThese objectives were addressed by;i. Literature review;ii. Discussion with the concerned people;iii. Field interviews in India.Field interviews inAlandur andKolhapur3i. Master Obstacles ThesisBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionLowviabilityPeopledo notpayLowawarenessOnly few wastewater PPPs in IndiaLow motivationBig riskStrongoppositionLowaffordabilityLow politicalpriorityNoregulationfor pollutionDistrustagainstgovernmentLowimplementationabilityLimitedaccess tofinanceLimitedstaff,experienceandknowledgeUnder municipal levelrecentlyNo knowledgetransferred from statelevel4

ii. Master Success Thesis factors – Case AlandurBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionBackground ProjectWastewater pipeline:20% of population: Covered by open drains98% of households: Septic tanksWastewater treatment plant:NoneSewage overflowed Stagnant water accumulated Mosquitoes and diseasesComponentsWastewaterpipelineTreatmentPlantSchemePublic fundingLease contract14years O&Mperiod•Deliver wastewater•Pay for treatmentAlandurgovt.Contractor•Construct pipeline and STP•O&M of STP5ii. Master Success Thesis factors – Case AlandurBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionAlandurMunicipalityStateGovt.WorldBankTamil Nadu UrbanDevelopment Fund1988 WB has long advocated to set up municipal development fund. GoTN followed WB’ssuggestion thus Municipal Urban Development Fund was established.Prior to1996Environmental and health concernand often raised as political issues1996 Upon the municipal election, anintegrated sewerage system was avital component of manifesto.Mr. R.S. Bharati,Setre-elected,aspresented his vision of seweragesystem manifestothe municipal council.The council approved unanimously.1997 GoTN decided to providesewerage systems in 12 selectedmajor urged urban centers to under do thesupport of WB.Coincidentally PPP Alandur wasidentified as one of them.1998AugOct-Dec1999By endof 2000MayCampaign toAM mounted a vigorous publicoutreach/public participationcampaign by Alandur chairman,councilor and officials from IVRCL,CESL andconvinceTNUDF .citizensIn order to facilitate the collectionprocedure, the municipality openedcollection centers at differentlocations keeping to theconvenience of residents.“We dowhatever basedon the citizens’demand .”State Govt.charge citizens“The statewas behindrepayment toWB. We hadno choice butto charge.people”MUDF was broadened to Tamil Nadu UrbanDevelopment Fund being capitalized by privatefinancial institutions.TNUIFSL procured and managed a privateengineering contractor to prepare theengineering reports including the project design,detailed technical design, locations and costestimates.Willingness To Pay survey was also conducted bythe consultants to assess the public’sTransparentfinancial analysisPrice settingacceptance and willingness .CitizensPeople had seen thesewerage system inChennai and desired it.Awareness“Peopledesired theseweragesystem inChennai.”Most of people desired aprovision of seweragesystem but not muchsewerage charge.Representatives ofResidentWelfareAssociationshadmeetings and questionedabout benefits, tariffpricing and reliability etc.Then they explained otherresidents.More than 13000 ofseekers (domestic andAgreenon-domestic) haddeposited the oneconnectionfee.to pay6

ii. Master Success Thesis factors – Case AlandurBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionCause-effect analysis was done for how the project was implemented. TNUDFTNUDFTNUDFState infrastructureconsultant Leadership Penalty Env. Infrastructure improvedBetter provided This project has been replicated in 26 cities in the state.financial status7ii. Master Success Thesis factors – FindingsBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal Conclusion•Pilot projects have been replicated in other area.•Success factors for decision making process are;•Internal awareness or external pressure;•Interference of state govt.;•Leadership of municipal head.•Success factors for implementation are;•Comprehensive support for local govt.;•Penalty for environmental obligation;•Citizens can be convinced to pay sanitation chargebased on their trust, affordability, awareness of benefit,“no deposit, no gain” and penetration of understandings.8

iii. Master Lessons Thesis for donorsBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal Conclusion• Should run pilot projects for further replication.• To help successful decision making;• Hold workshop to raise awareness.• Facilitate policy dialogue at state level to make itmandatory to improve environment.• To help successful implementation;• Offer Technical Assistance for local government toreceive comprehensive support.Apply these three lessons to an aid scheme of JICA.9iv. Master Proposal Thesis of aid scheme of JICABackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal ConclusionJICAPolicy dialogueState Govt.Two-steploanLocal GovernmentYen creditPPPWastewater pipeline Treatment plantConstruction &maintenancewith SPRTechnical AssistanceBackground• Indian local govt. lacksfinance, management skilland technology• Japan has high-tech which isnot fully utilized abroadBOTWith MBRHire local consultant for overall project management10

Conclusion Master ThesisBackground Scope i. Obstacles ii. Success iii.Lessons iv.Proposal Conclusioni. The obstacles are clarified.i. Low motivation for both public and privateii. Low implementation ability of publicii.iii.iv.The success factors are identified.i. Internal awareness or external pressure, leadership andinterference of state government.ii. Comprehensive support for local body throughout theproject, penalty for violation of environmentalcommitment.Lessons for donors are gained.i. Pilot projects will be useful.An aid scheme is proposed.i. Scheme consists of yen credit and TA combined to PPP.ii. Qualifies a bidder with technological capability.iii. Local consultant gives comprehensive management.11