3 - Community Services & Health Industry Skills Council

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Australia’swelfare2013The 11th biennialwelfare report of theAustralian Institute ofHealth and WelfareAustralian Instituteof Health and Welfare
The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is a major national agency which provides reliable,regular and relevant information and statistics on Australia’s health and welfare. The Institute’s mission isauthoritative information and statistics to promote better health and wellbeing.© Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2013This product, excluding the AIHW logo, Commonwealth Coat of Arms and any material owned by a third party orprotected by a trademark, has been released under a Creative Commons BY 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) licence. Excluded materialowned by third parties may include, for example, design and layout, images obtained under licence from third partiesand signatures. We have made all reasonable efforts to identify and label material owned by third parties.You may distribute, remix and build upon this work. However, you must attribute the AIHW as the copyright holderof the work in compliance with our attribution policy available at . The full termsand conditions of this licence are available at .Enquiries relating to copyright should be addressed to the Head of the Media and Strategic Engagement Unit,Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, GPO Box 570, Canberra ACT 2601.This publication is part of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s Australia’s welfare series. A complete list of theInstitute’s publications is available from the Institute’s website .ISSN 1321-1455ISBN 978-1-74249-462-3Suggested citationAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare 2013. Australia’s welfare 2013. Australia’s welfare series no.11. Cat. no. AUS 174.Canberra: AIHW.Australian Institute of Health and WelfareBoard ChairDr Andrew RefshaugeDirectorDavid KalischAny enquiries about or comments on this publication should be directed to:Media and Strategic Engagement UnitAustralian Institute of Health and WelfareGPO Box 570Canberra ACT 2601Tel: (02) 6244 1032Email: info@aihw.gov.auPublished by the Australian Institute of Health and WelfareCover art by Kathryn Jean HarrisonPlease note that there is the potential for minor revisions of data in this report.Please check the online version at for any amendments.ii
Page 1: Australia’swelfare2013
Page 5 and 6: ContentsPreface ...................
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgmentsSteering committeeDa
Page 9 and 10: Symbols$ Australian dollars (unless
Page 11 and 12: xSection 1
Page 13 and 14: 2Australia’s people
Page 15 and 16: 1 Australia’s peopleAt a glanceWh
Page 17 and 18: Age group (years)100+95-9990-9485-8
Page 19 and 20: Long-term trends and projectionsThe
Page 21 and 22: Based on the ABS’s medium-level g
Page 23 and 24: The prevalence of disabilityIn 2009
Page 25 and 26: FertilityIn 2011, a total of 301,61
Page 27 and 28: Indigenous men and women are more l
Page 29 and 30: Deaths per 1,000 population16014012
Page 31 and 32: 1Box 1.3: Classification of geograp
Page 33 and 34: As illustrated by Figure 1.7, which
Page 35 and 36: Per cent3025All overseas-born2015No
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 Where do Australians live?1As s
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.2: Distribution of populati
Page 41 and 42: Population growthNegative growth0%
Page 43 and 44: Box 1.4: Statistical classification
Page 45 and 46: Among one-family households, Indige
Page 47 and 48: Table 1.5: Children living in famil
Page 49 and 50: Table 1.6: Selected marriage indica
Page 51 and 52: Step and blended familiesThe Census
Page 53 and 54:
References1ABS (Australian Bureau o
Page 55 and 56:
44Economic participation
Page 57 and 58:
2 Economic participationAt a glance
Page 59 and 60:
2.2 Participation in educationCOAG
Page 61 and 62:
Educational attainmentEducational a
Page 63 and 64:
Among those aged 25 to 64, the larg
Page 65 and 66:
In 2012, 1 in 4 people (25%) of pri
Page 67 and 68:
2Box 2.3: Labour force concepts and
Page 69 and 70:
In the three decades to 2012, the l
Page 71 and 72:
For information on how labour force
Page 73 and 74:
In 2012, the majority (70%) of empl
Page 75 and 76:
The labour force underutilisation r
Page 77 and 78:
Box 2.5: International comparison o
Page 79 and 80:
Indigenous peoplePer cent1009080706
Page 81 and 82:
Fewer than half (39%) of all migran
Page 83 and 84:
Per cent504540One-parent families w
Page 85 and 86:
People who are homeless or at risk
Page 87 and 88:
Note that in this section, when the
Page 89 and 90:
Among couple-only and lone-person h
Page 91 and 92:
Comparisons between family types sh
Page 93 and 94:
$(’000)1,2001,0008006004002000015
Page 95 and 96:
Nil or
Page 97 and 98:
Table 2.9: Number of recipients of
Page 99 and 100:
2Cai L 2007. Effects of health on w
Page 101 and 102:
90Housing
Page 103 and 104:
3 HousingAt a glanceHousing afforda
Page 105 and 106:
Interest rates play an important ro
Page 107 and 108:
National Partnership AgreementsFive
Page 109 and 110:
3Variations in tenure by household
Page 111 and 112:
Tenure across the life cycleHousing
Page 113 and 114:
3.5 Housing occupancyWhile the numb
Page 115 and 116:
Box 3.3: Key concepts relating to h
Page 117 and 118:
Box 3.4: First home buyer trendsMor
Page 119 and 120:
People with disabilityAn estimated
Page 121 and 122:
3.7 Housing assistance in the priva
Page 123 and 124:
While the majority (63%) of househo
Page 125 and 126:
In the week ending 1 June 2012, mor
Page 127 and 128:
Assistance typeAverage assistancepe
Page 129 and 130:
At 30 June 2012, the total social h
Page 131 and 132:
Social housing tenanciesAt 30 June
Page 133 and 134:
Age group (years)75-7970-7465-6960-
Page 135 and 136:
Between 2003-04 and 2011-12, the pr
Page 137 and 138:
In 2011-12, two-thirds (68%) of new
Page 139 and 140:
Per cent10090OvercrowdedAdequateUnd
Page 141 and 142:
Per cent181614121086420152025303540
Page 143 and 144:
Dwelling amenities and location of
Page 145 and 146:
3Social housingAs detailed above, s
Page 147 and 148:
3AIHW 2011a. Aboriginal and Torres
Page 149 and 150:
138Section 2
Page 151 and 152:
140Children and young people
Page 153 and 154:
4 Children and young peopleAt a gla
Page 155 and 156:
Early Years Workforce Strategy 2012
Page 157 and 158:
Coinciding with these changes, adop
Page 159 and 160:
4Maternal workforce participationPa
Page 161 and 162:
Just over one-quarter of all mother
Page 163 and 164:
Per cent7060Children in formal care
Page 165 and 166:
4Box 4.1: Education in AustraliaEac
Page 167 and 168:
In 2011, the average usual weekly c
Page 169 and 170:
The lower end of the range in atten
Page 171 and 172:
Box 4.3: Australia’s internationa
Page 173 and 174:
Per cent10090Year 10: Non-Indigenou
Page 175 and 176:
Completion of further educationIn 2
Page 177 and 178:
Participation of young people in so
Page 179 and 180:
In 2011, the teenage birth rate amo
Page 181 and 182:
Box 4.4: International comparison o
Page 183 and 184:
A large number of young people who
Page 185 and 186:
Per cent10090807060504030$1,000 or
Page 187 and 188:
Compared with 2007-08, the rates of
Page 189 and 190:
There were 185,200 children (6.8%)
Page 191 and 192:
Young people and crimeYoung people
Page 193 and 194:
Number1,000800Indigenous peopleNon-
Page 195 and 196:
Multiple disadvantageAnalysis under
Page 197 and 198:
Development of an ongoing education
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
4Callander EJ, Schofield DJ, Shrest
Page 203 and 204:
4Marks G 2007. Transitions to adult
Page 205 and 206:
194People with disability
Page 207 and 208:
5 People with disabilityAt a glance
Page 209 and 210:
5DisabilityCare AustraliaNew approa
Page 211 and 212:
• the National Disability Researc
Page 213 and 214:
5SDAC estimates of prevalence and s
Page 215 and 216:
On the other hand, the ageing of th
Page 217 and 218:
Per cent6543210NSWVicQldWASATasACTN
Page 219 and 220:
Overseas-born AustraliansTaking int
Page 221 and 222:
Table 5.1: People aged under 65 wit
Page 223 and 224:
Disability support servicesHow many
Page 225 and 226:
The increase in the number of clien
Page 227 and 228:
In 2010-11, acquired brain injury w
Page 229 and 230:
Disability support servicesIn 2011-
Page 231 and 232:
Delivery of disability services und
Page 233 and 234:
There were around 96,300 FTE studen
Page 235 and 236:
In addition to in-home accommodatio
Page 237 and 238:
Note that the 2011 Census does not
Page 239 and 240:
There has been continuing strong gr
Page 241 and 242:
Box 5.5: Recent changes to the Disa
Page 243 and 244:
Number90,00080,00070,00060,000Mobil
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
5FaHCSIA (Department of Families, H
Page 249 and 250:
6 Older peopleAt a glance6Who are o
Page 251 and 252:
6Challenges of supporting an ageing
Page 253 and 254:
Box 6.2: A new direction in aged ca
Page 255 and 256:
Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Page 257 and 258:
Per cent1009080706050Non-private dw
Page 259 and 260:
Self-assessed healthThe ABS 2011-12
Page 261 and 262:
Information on differences in need
Page 263 and 264:
Data collected by the ABS show that
Page 265 and 266:
Table 6.1: Overseas-born Australian
Page 267 and 268:
A new measure, the Work Bonus, was
Page 269 and 270:
6(ABS 2009c, 2011h). Among those ag
Page 271 and 272:
Of the three core activities of dai
Page 273 and 274:
More than half (58%) of ACAT assess
Page 275 and 276:
Major citiesInner regionalOuter reg
Page 277 and 278:
HACCIn terms of client numbers, HAC
Page 279 and 280:
6Service use and resident character
Page 281 and 282:
Per cent60Activities of daily livin
Page 283 and 284:
Use of the ACAP was notably high in
Page 285 and 286:
6.8 Where to from here?6While key d
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
6Boulton-Lewis GM & Tam M (eds) 201
Page 291 and 292:
280Homelessness
Page 293 and 294:
7 HomelessnessAt a glance7Who is ho
Page 295 and 296:
In addition to the long-term person
Page 297 and 298:
7For example, the ABS Census, which
Page 299 and 300:
Box 7.1: Identifying homeless peopl
Page 301 and 302:
7.5 How many people are homeless an
Page 303 and 304:
7Nearly two-thirds (64%) of people
Page 305 and 306:
Per cent706050403020100Major cities
Page 307 and 308:
In 2010, an estimated 2.1 million a
Page 309 and 310:
7Chamberlain and Johnson (2013) sug
Page 311 and 312:
7Who receives assistance and what s
Page 313 and 314:
7When data on reasons for seeking a
Page 315 and 316:
Overall, 28% of clients needed assi
Page 317 and 318:
Table 7.3: Clients of specialist ho
Page 319 and 320:
As shown in Figure 7.12, there has
Page 321 and 322:
7While the identification of people
Page 323 and 324:
7Overall, 29% of clients had a home
Page 325 and 326:
In 2011-12, there were an estimated
Page 327 and 328:
7As SHSC data continue to be collec
Page 329 and 330:
318Section 3
Page 331 and 332:
320Australia’s welfare 2013
Page 333 and 334:
8 Informal carersAt a glance8Who pr
Page 335 and 336:
The National Carer StrategyThe Nati
Page 337 and 338:
Box 8.1: Measuring informal carers
Page 339 and 340:
8.4 Who provides informal care?Age
Page 341 and 342:
According to the 2011 Census, the a
Page 343 and 344:
8The estimate of the number of youn
Page 345 and 346:
Rate ratio1.21.00.80.680.40.20.0Bor
Page 347 and 348:
Overall physical or emotionalwellbe
Page 349 and 350:
UnaffectedFriendshipsLost or losing
Page 351 and 352:
The 2009 SDAC shows that primary ca
Page 353 and 354:
Box 8.3: Data about informal carers
Page 355 and 356:
National Disability AgreementThe ND
Page 357 and 358:
Number of care recipients (’000)1
Page 359 and 360:
In 2011-12, Australian Government e
Page 361 and 362:
8.6 Where to from here?8Data issues
Page 363 and 364:
8DoHA 2012d. National Respite for C
Page 365 and 366:
9 Community services workforceAt a
Page 367 and 368:
9Early childhood education and care
Page 369 and 370:
Community services industries compr
Page 371 and 372:
9Box 9.2: Community services occupa
Page 373 and 374:
Across all industries, the largest
Page 375 and 376:
Table 9.3: People employed in commu
Page 377 and 378:
There was considerable variation be
Page 379 and 380:
Geographic profile of community ser
Page 381 and 382:
9Table 9.7: People employed in comm
Page 383 and 384:
Table 9.8: Average hours paid for a
Page 385 and 386:
9DEEWR’s research showed the labo
Page 387 and 388:
Table 9.11: Student completions and
Page 389 and 390:
Table 9.12: Projected employment gr
Page 391 and 392:
9.4 Volunteers9The work undertaken
Page 393 and 394:
Table 9.15: Participation in volunt
Page 395 and 396:
9The 2012 National Statutory Child
Page 397 and 398:
386Australia’s welfare 2013
Page 399 and 400:
10 Welfare expenditure10At a glance
Page 401 and 402:
10Although many services and paymen
Page 403 and 404:
Tax revenues more directly represen
Page 405 and 406:
10Unemployment benefitsOnly expendi
Page 407 and 408:
10Box 10.3 Non-government expenditu
Page 409 and 410:
10Box 10.4: International compariso
Page 411 and 412:
References10ABS (Australian Bureau
Page 413 and 414:
402Section 4
Page 415 and 416:
404Indicators of Australia’s welf
Page 417 and 418:
1111 Indicators of Australia’s we
Page 419 and 420:
11• Proportion of adults who usua
Page 421 and 422:
112. Infant mortality rate. The num
Page 423 and 424:
114. Adults at risk of lifetime har
Page 425 and 426:
116. People aged 15 and over who ha
Page 427 and 428:
118. Household tenure types. The pr
Page 429 and 430:
1110. Number of homeless people. Th
Page 431 and 432:
1112. Victimisation rate for select
Page 433 and 434:
11.3 Autonomy and participation11Au
Page 435 and 436:
11Labour force participation provid
Page 437 and 438:
1115. People aged 15 to 64 studying
Page 439 and 440:
1117. Year 5 schoolchildren not mee
Page 441 and 442:
1119. Average equivalised disposabl
Page 443 and 444:
1121. Average net household wealth.
Page 445 and 446:
1123. Unemployment and underutilisa
Page 447 and 448:
1125. Average hours worked by full-
Page 449 and 450:
1127. Households with access to the
Page 451 and 452:
1129. People aged 15 and over who a
Page 453 and 454:
11Family formation and functioning
Page 455 and 456:
1131. Crude divorce rate. The numbe
Page 457 and 458:
1133. Children who were the subject
Page 459 and 460:
1135. Imprisonment rate. The number
Page 461 and 462:
1137. Adults who have confidence in
Page 463 and 464:
1139. Adults participating in civic
Page 465 and 466:
11ABS 2013b. Crime victimisation, A
Page 467 and 468:
456
Page 469 and 470:
Appendix A: TablesTables for this a
Page 471 and 472:
Carer Supplement: A single, annual
Page 473 and 474:
Family Tax Benefit Parts A and B: T
Page 475 and 476:
C.2 Australian GovernmentTotal welf
Page 477 and 478:
C.5 International comparisonsAll in
Page 479 and 480:
Table C.2: Welfare-related expendit
Page 481 and 482:
ReferencesABS (Australian Bureau of
Page 483 and 484:
DESDETCDHSDIACDMSDoHADS NMDSDSPDVAE
Page 485 and 486:
PISAPPPPRAQldSASAAPSDACSEEHSHISHSCS
Page 487 and 488:
care and protection orders: Legal o
Page 489 and 490:
early intervention: In the childhoo
Page 491 and 492:
household composition: The grouping
Page 493 and 494:
main tenant: The tenant who is part
Page 495 and 496:
primary carer: A person who provide
Page 497 and 498:
social inclusion: According to the
Page 499 and 500:
IndexReferences in italics indicate
Page 501 and 502:
social participation, 253superannua
Page 503 and 504:
Australian Government Department of
Page 505 and 506:
Child Care Benefit, 153child care c
Page 507 and 508:
homeless people, 298; DHS income su
Page 509 and 510:
definitions and classificationsbaby
Page 511 and 512:
teachers, 360-74, 377; employmentpr
Page 513 and 514:
first marriages, 443flexible aged c
Page 515 and 516:
Indigenous Australians, 53parents,
Page 517 and 518:
economic costs, 284outcomes after s
Page 519 and 520:
jobs, see employment; unemploymentJ
Page 521 and 522:
occupations data, 383older people,
Page 523 and 524:
NHSC, 94, 95, 133night, alone at, 4
Page 525 and 526:
parents, 145-53, 343age, 15-16, 167
Page 527 and 528:
Protection visas, 25psychiatric dis
Page 529 and 530:
ooms, 102, 286, 287see also overcro
Page 531 and 532:
carers, 327, 328community aged care
Page 533 and 534:
standards (quality)community aged c
Page 535 and 536:
Training in Job Search Techniques,
Page 537 and 538:
working age, see traditional workin
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