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Title: Grave Stele of Hegeso<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 5'2" (1.58 m)<br />
Date: c. 410–400 BCE<br />
Carved in low relief<br />
Steles banned from 600-420BCE<br />
Women's role was respected in the Family<br />
Simple<br />
Individual styles<br />
Quiet moment unlike the Ancient Near East<br />
Public cemetery
� 404BCE Spartans defeat Athens<br />
� 403BCE Athens rebels kills Spartan leaders to<br />
restore democracy<br />
� Athens does not regain empire dominence, but<br />
art thrives<br />
� Plato opens school outside of Athens with<br />
student Aristotle<br />
� Aristotle teaches then Alexander the Great one<br />
of his students<br />
� Greeks undertook innovative Projects in<br />
Architecture
Title: Plan of Miletos, Ionia (Present-Day<br />
Turkey), with Original Coastline.<br />
Urban development changed to a orthogonal<br />
plan- or mathematical grid system<br />
Perfection through reason<br />
3 zones<br />
-sacred<br />
-public<br />
-private<br />
Limits- 10,000 citizens<br />
3 classes<br />
-artisans<br />
-farmers<br />
-soldiers<br />
All Greek cities were being rebuild in this<br />
model…however<br />
In rougher terrain some street become stairs
Title: Tholos<br />
Date: c. 380–370 BCE<br />
Source/Museum: Sanctuary<br />
of Athena Pronaia, Delphi<br />
Tholos- circular plan<br />
Usually shrines or<br />
monuments
Title: Plan and Section of the Tholos<br />
Columns on outside<br />
Inner wall columns on inside<br />
Originally dedicated to the worship of an Earth<br />
Goddess, the shrine was eventually occupied by<br />
Olympian deities, Athena in particular.<br />
A guardian of wisdom and spiritual consciousness,<br />
Athena continued the ancient veneration of the<br />
feminine principle and brought devotion to the<br />
Earth Mother into the Classical Age of Greece.<br />
The Tholos temple, built in the early 4th century BC,<br />
has an unusual circular shape.<br />
This shape and the leaf-adorned capitals of its<br />
Corinthian columns are representations of the sacred<br />
forest groves of the old Earth Goddess religion.<br />
Outside Doric inside Corinthian Columns attached
� Another of the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World<br />
was the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.<br />
� It was a massive tomb, built in the city of<br />
Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor.<br />
� 377 B.C. He left control of his kingdom to his son,<br />
Mausolus., his queen, Artemisia, controlled most<br />
of southwest Asia Minor.<br />
� He died in 353BCE, Wife Drank him…<br />
� The result was huge and unlike anything ever seen<br />
before. Stone lions guarded the stairway up to the<br />
tomb. The building itself was 140 feet high. The<br />
bottom third was solid marble. The middle third<br />
contained Greek columns. The top third was a<br />
pyramid.<br />
� On the very top was a large stone sculpture<br />
showing Mausolus and Artemisia standing side by<br />
side in a chariot. The whole thing took many years<br />
to build.<br />
� A series of earthquakes during the Middle Ages<br />
shattered, then looted the tomb
Artist: Skopas (?)<br />
Title: Panel from the Amazon Frieze, south side of the mausoleum at Halikarnassos<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 35" (89 cm)<br />
Date: Mid-4th century BCE<br />
Source/Museum: The British Museum, London<br />
Ionic Freize<br />
Herakles and Theseus, and the subsequent fierce battle with the Amazon women<br />
an axe once owned by the Amazon queen, Hippolyte, was housed at Labraunda
Artist: Praxiteles or his followers<br />
Title: Hermes and The Infant Dionysos<br />
Medium: Marble, with remnants of red paint on the lips and hair<br />
Size: height 7'1" (2.15 m)<br />
Date: Probably a Hellenistic or Roman copy after a Late<br />
Classical 4th-century BCE original<br />
Equilibrium between simple and ornate<br />
Changed the Canon…males 8 heads tall not 7 or 6.5<br />
Light hearted moments, dreamy like expressions, no more all<br />
powerful god sculptures<br />
Teasing baby with a bunch of grapes<br />
Compare to Pepy II<br />
Figure off balance need to lean on a post<br />
Contrast???<br />
Interactions
Artist: Praxiteles<br />
Title: Aphrodite of Knidos<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 6'8" (2.04 m)<br />
Date: Composite of two similar Roman copies after the<br />
original marble of c. 350 BCE<br />
NEW IDEA!!!!<br />
Frankenstein- restored from many copies and restoration<br />
This type of restoration would rarely be done today<br />
Preparing to take a bath, arm emphasizes her nakedness<br />
Well-toned, thick body shows and athletic strength<br />
Semi-seductive pose<br />
Places in Shrine to Aphrodite, 100’s of copies- made 50<br />
survive today
Artist: Lysippos<br />
Title: The Scraper<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 6‘9”<br />
Date: Composite of two similar Roman copies<br />
after the original marble of c. 330 BCE<br />
S Curve<br />
Claimed to be entirely self-taught<br />
Tousled hair and dreamy look makes it seem<br />
like he wasn’t paying attention<br />
Breaks into the surrounding space.<br />
Elongated legs<br />
Wider pose
Artist: Lysippos<br />
Title: Alexander The Great<br />
Medium: Marble fragment<br />
Size: height 16 ⅛" (41 cm)<br />
Date: Head from a Hellenistic copy (c.<br />
200 BCE) of a statue, possibly after a 4thcentury<br />
BCE original.<br />
Copy of Lysippos<br />
Figure idealized to represent and convey<br />
messages<br />
What message are you getting?<br />
Could the artist influence the message?
Title: Alexander the<br />
Great, Four-Drachma<br />
Coin Issued by<br />
Lysimachos of Thrace<br />
Medium: Silver<br />
Size: diameter 1⅛" (30<br />
mm)<br />
Date: 306–281 BCE<br />
Source/Museum: The<br />
British Museum, London<br />
What’s he wearing?<br />
How does this relate to<br />
head we just saw?
Title: Alexander The Great Confronts Darius Iii At The Battle of Issos<br />
Medium: Floor mosaic<br />
Size: Entire panel 8'10" X 17" (2.7 X 5.2 m)<br />
Date: 1st-century CE Roman copy of a Greek wall painting of c. 310 BCE<br />
Violent Action and dynamic scene<br />
Modeling done with a play on light, highlights and shadows<br />
What is going on?
Artist: Gnosis<br />
Title: Stag Hunt<br />
Medium: Detail of mosaic floor<br />
Size: height 10'2" (3.1 m)<br />
Date: 300 BCE<br />
Features framed hunting scenes<br />
Made from Natural Pebbles<br />
Oversized life like figures and animals<br />
Dog’s Legs are?<br />
Balance?<br />
Space?<br />
Nature?
Title: A Vase Painter and Assistants Crowned By Athena and Victories<br />
Medium: Composite photograph of the red-figure decoration on a hydria from Athens<br />
Date: c. 450 BCE<br />
Women in the Arts, what is going on in this vase painting, what are the 2 interpretation?<br />
Who are the winged ladies?
Title: Earrings<br />
Medium: Hollow-cast gold<br />
Size: height 2 ⅜" (6 cm)<br />
Date: c. 330–300 BCE<br />
Tiny works of sculpture<br />
Often placed on the ears of<br />
marble statues<br />
Women being held by an<br />
eagle(who)<br />
Lost wax casting<br />
Attributes of Hellenistic<br />
Period
� 323 BCE Alexander the Great Dies, General<br />
Turned on each other for power<br />
� Artists turned away from the Heroic and<br />
focused on the everyday<br />
� Dramatic poses and subjects emotion<br />
becomes more pronounced<br />
� Even Architecture show high DRAMA�<br />
� 30BCE Cleopatra kills herself and it marks<br />
the end of the Period
Title: Plan of the theater at Epidauros<br />
Proscenium- raised platform for the orchestra<br />
55 rows of seats in 2 tiers- 12,000 spectators!<br />
Theater was not just entertainment<br />
Expression through Music,<br />
poetry and Dance
Title: Theater, Epidauros<br />
Date: 4th century BCE and later
Title: Temple of the Olympian Zeus, Athens; Acropolis in Distance<br />
Size: Height of columns 55"5" (16.89 m)<br />
Date: Building and rebuilding phases: foundation c. 520–510 BCE using the Doric order; temple<br />
designed by Cossutius, begun 175 BCE, left unfinished 164 BCE, completed 132 CE using<br />
Cossutius’s design and the Corinthian order<br />
Corinthian Order<br />
Capital becomes more high<br />
decorative(floral), and a<br />
skinnier column<br />
Astragal- Floral details and<br />
shoot out<br />
Dentils- Lines of blocks on<br />
the entablature
Doric Ionic<br />
Corinthian
Title: Gallic Chieftain Killing His Wife and Himself<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 6'11" (2.1 m)<br />
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE<br />
2 Hellenistic Styles Emerge<br />
1. Anti-Classical (Pergamene Style)- experimented with<br />
space and designs<br />
2. Classical Influenced- complimented 4 th century sculptures<br />
Pergamene Style-<br />
Started during the defeat of the Gallic people or Gauls<br />
Identified as barbarians, how?<br />
EXPRESSIONISM-Artist is trying to arouse emotion from<br />
the audience<br />
Still supports wife while killing himself
Artist: Epigonos (?)<br />
Title: Dying Gallic Trumpeter (front)<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height, 36½" (93 cm)<br />
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220<br />
BCE<br />
Dying man, struggles to get up by arm is bowing<br />
Down gaze suggest death is coming<br />
Originally interlocked with 2 others<br />
including chieftain and wife.
Artist: Epigonos (?)<br />
Title: Dying Gallic Trumpeter (front)<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height, 36½" (93 cm)<br />
Date: Roman copy after the original bronze of c. 220 BCE
Title: Reconstructed west front of the altar from Pergamon, Turkey<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: Height of figure 7'7" (2.3 m)<br />
Date: c. 175–150 BCE<br />
Frieze Represents the war between gods and giants which become a metaphor for<br />
victory over Gauls<br />
7.5 high Frieze- Gods fighting hybrids and human looking giants
Title: Athena Attacking the Giants<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: frieze height 7'7" (2.3 m)<br />
Date: c. 175–150 BCE<br />
Athena grabs the head of a male winged figure, son<br />
of earth goddess Ge<br />
Nike aids Athena while Ge pleads for sons life<br />
Break<br />
boundaries<br />
Interactions<br />
between space<br />
and form a<br />
benchmark of<br />
Hellenistic<br />
Period
Artisits: Hagesandros, Polydoros, and<br />
Athanadoros of Rhodes<br />
Title: Lacoon and his sons<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: frieze height 7'7" (2.3 m)<br />
Date: c. 175–150 BCE<br />
The Trojan priest Laocoön was<br />
strangled by sea snakes, sent<br />
by the gods who favored the<br />
Greeks, while he was<br />
sacrificing at the altar of<br />
Neptune. Because Laocoön<br />
had tried to warn the Trojan<br />
citizens of the danger of<br />
bringing in the wooden horse,<br />
he incurred the wrath of the<br />
gods.<br />
Meant to be seen from the front,<br />
unlike the defeated gauls<br />
Anguished expressions<br />
Dynamic movements
Title: Nike (Victory) of Samothrace<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 8'1" (2.45 m)<br />
Date: c. 180 BCE (?)<br />
Stood on a stone ship high on the hillside above<br />
the city with fountain<br />
Forward body balanced by ?<br />
Contrast how?
Title: Veiled and Masked Dancer<br />
Medium: Bronze<br />
Size: height 8 ⅛" (20.7 cm)<br />
Date: Late 3rd or 2nd century BCE<br />
Only 8 inches tall<br />
Geaceful movements<br />
Intimate size and design<br />
Patron collection, made of bronze,<br />
expensive, less expensive was terra<br />
cotta
Title: Old Woman<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 49½" (1.25 m)<br />
Date: Roman copy, 1st century CE<br />
Realism- recreating the world as you see it<br />
Hellenistic art began depicting ordinary<br />
people from all walks of life<br />
3 chickens and a basket of vegetables<br />
Dazed expression<br />
Textures and space interactions<br />
Thought to be Dionysus follower on the way<br />
to make an offering
Artist: n/a<br />
Title: Aphrodite of Melos (Also Called Venus de Milo)<br />
Medium: Marble<br />
Size: height 6'8" (2.04 m)<br />
Date: c. 150–100 BCE<br />
The Classical Alternative- return to the classical<br />
Reminders of which classical sculpture?<br />
Twisting stance, strong protruding knee<br />
Erotic Tension<br />
Could be holding an apple or the shield of ares the war god