TxDOT's Sustainable Pavements: Low Carbon Materials/Alternative ...

2010 AASHTO Climate ChangeSymposiumTxDOT’s SustainablePavementsDianna F. Noble, P.E.Director – Environmental Affairs Division

TxDOT’s Sustainable Pavements‣This overview covers:‣the Types of Sustainable Pavements used byTxDOT‣This Sustainability is Translated through:• Air Quality Benefits• Use of Recycled Materials• Safety Aspects• Water Quality Benefits• Noise Reduction Benefits• Cost Savings• Other Benefits

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) andHot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Statistics‣TxDOT typically uses:• 5-15 million tons/year of HMA‣TxDOT is increasing use of WMA• 40+ projects completed as of October2009• More than 1.25 million tons of WMAhas been produced and placed since2006

Recycled Asphalt Pavement and RecycledAsphalt Shingles used in HMA and WMABenefits: Less Raw Material and Cost Savings‣ RAP, RAS, and Substitute Binders have thepotential to save TxDOT between $50 millionand $150 million each year and it is good forthe environment‣ These materials can also help control pricefluctuations because less raw material isused

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)‣Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is defined asadditives or processes that allow areduction in the temperature at whichasphalt mixtures are produced and placed

WMABenefits: Reduced Emissions, Smoke, Odor,Fuel ConsumptionHMATemp =320 o FWMATemp =270 o F

WMABenefits: Reduced Emissions• Use of 90% WMA, 20% RAP and 2% RAS avoidsapproximately 113,300 tons/year of CO2 emissions• Approximately equal to removing CO2 emissions from:– 19,600 vehicles, or– 11,500,000 gallons of gasoline, or– 238,000 barrels of oil, or– equivalent to the CO2 emissions from poweringelectricity to 12,400 homes/year.[1][1] http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html#results

WMA‣Other Benefits:• More Durable Pavement: Less oxidized + lessabsorption = better fatigue life• Better in-place densities• WMA is relatively insensitive to variations incompaction temperature• Wider Paving Window: Winter Paving and NightPaving

PFC‣PFC Asphalt-Rubber (A-R) is generallyrecommended to overlay concrete‣PFC-Performance Grade (PG) is typicallyrecommended for maximum water sprayreduction‣2.2 million tons of both types of PFCprojects between 2004 – July, 2010

PFC‣Expected life for both types of PFC is 10-14years, expected life for conventional overlay is 7years‣The cost for both PFCs is typically $20 to $30per ton higher than conventional overlay. Thiscost is offset by the longer expected life of PFCcompared to conventional overlaysType D HMAPFC A-RAfter 9 years: PFC A-Rin the Lufkin Districtshows minimal wear

Benefits: SafetyPFC A-R‣ Significant reduction in major accidents after the PFCA-R overlay is placed• Drains the water off the roadway quicker• Reduces spray and glare• Improves visibility of traffic markings‣ Coarse macro-texture of PFC A-R improves frictionalcharacteristics which:• Improves the skid resistance• A study of the PFC R-A overlay on I-35 in San Antonio showed askid resistance of more than 200%• Reduces the risk of hydroplaning

PFC A-RI-35, San Antonio 1.5” PFC A-R laidover concrete roadway inboundlane, outbound lane concrete onlyTypical Use:‣ Surface course on high-speed roadways‣ PFC Asphalt Rubber (A-R) is recommended as anoverlay on concrete pavement

PFC A-RBenefits: Reduced Traffic Noise LevelsDecibel of Sound Pressure (dB)Decible of Sound Pressur (dB)Noise Measurements1009080708265877685716050403020100NBL-Before NBL-After SBL-Before SBL-After Avg-Before Avg-After

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PFC PGBenefits: Improved Water Quality‣ A TxDOT study discovered that the storm water qualitysignificantly improved after PFC PG is placed. It is believed thatthe PFC PG slows the flow and filters the waterConstituentTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) (mg/L)TKN (mg/L)NO3/NO2-N (mg/L)Total P (mg/L)Dissolved P (mg/L)Total Copper (mg/L)Total Lead (mg/L)Total Zinc (mg/L)Dissolved Copper (mg/L)Dissolved Lead (mg/L)Dissolved Zinc (mg/L)ConventionalAsphalt117.81.130.430.130.03626.812.61675.9047PFC PG80.540.400.230.0775.70.7453.9034COD (mg/L) 64 30

PFC PGBenefits: Safety and Water Quality‣PFC PG reduces splash and spray, minimizing wash-offof pollutants from vehicles and pavements during stormsDense Grade Type CPFC PG overlayRM 1431 – Travis County

Recycled Concrete and Flyash used inConcrete Pavement, HMA and Sub-grade‣TxDOT usually uses:•0.25 – 4 Million tons/year of Flyash•0.6 Million tons/year of crushed concrete

22 D. A. GOLDSTON, J. PINTZ AND C. Y. YILDIRIMLemma 12. |D(it, −it)| ≤ max(1, |t|) −(a+b)/2 D(0, 0) for any real t.Together with (10.1) this impliesLemma 13. |D(s, −s)| ≤ e C√K max(1, |t|) −(a+b)/2 D(0, 0) for s ∈ L ′ .11. Estimate of I 2 . Evaluation of IIn this section we will estimate the integral I 2,1 based on formulas (9.3)–(9.5),using Lemmas 4 and 13.First we obtain from the above lemmas for s ∈ L ′ by j ≤ d ≤ min(a, b) ≤ K,v ≤ √ K(11.1)B j (s, H 1 , H 2 ) ≪dj|s| u+v+2( j∑ν∏ v(CK(log 2 N + log T)) j−ν i + 1) |D(s, −s)||s|ν=0≪ eC√K D(0, 0)d j (log(|t| + 3)) jmax(1, √ |t|) a+bδ −(u+v)0|s| 2≪ e C√K (CK 2 log 2 N) j · δ−(u+v) 0|s| 2 D(0, 0).i=1j∑(CK log 2 N) j−ν (K log 2 N) νν=0Integrating the above upper bound along L ′ we obtain(11.2) C j (H 1 , H 2 ) ≪ e C√K (CK 2 log 2 N) j δ −(u+v+1)0 D(0, 0).Finally, summation over j ≤ d − 1 yields in (9.4) by R ≫ N c(11.3)I 2,1 ≪ eC√K D(0, 0)δ −(u+v+1)0 (log R) d−1(d − 1)!d−1∑( CK 2 log·2 Nlog Rj=0≪ eC(u+v) D(0, 0)(log R) d−1 ( √ K log 2 N) u+v+1(d − 1)!(D(0, 0)(log R)d+u+v CK 3/2 log≪ ·2 N(d + u + v)! log R≪This implies by (9.1) and (9.4)(11.4) I 2 ≪D(0, 0)(log R)d+u+v(log N) −√K/50 .(d + u + v)!) u+v+1D(0, 0)(log R)d+u+v(log N) −√K/50 + e −c√ log N .(d + u + v)!This yields by Lemma 7 the final asymptotic evaluation of I in (6.22) by D(0, 0) =G(0, 0) as( v+u)u (log R) d+v+u ( ( ))G(0, 0) K(11.5) I =1 + O¯d∗ log 2 N+ O ( e −c√ log N ) ,(d + v + u)!log Rwhere(11.6) G(0, 0) = ∏ p∤Pthereby proving Theorem 4.(1 − ν )p(H) ∏pp(1 − 1 ) −|H|= S(H)Pp |A(H)| ,) j

Recycled Concrete and Flyash used inConcrete Pavement, HMA and Sub-gradeBenefits: Reduced Emissions‣This use is approximately equal to reducing 279,337 metric tons of CO2emissions. [2]‣This reduction is approximately equal to removing CO2 emissions from:•53,000 vehicles, or•31,400,000 gallons of gasoline, or•650,000 barrels of oil, or•equivalent to the CO2 emissions from powering electricity to 34,000homes/year. [3]‣In addition, TxDOT recovered 1,300,000 tons of concrete for recycling in2008 for future use in construction.[2] http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html and http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energyresources/calculator.html#results[3] http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html#results

Contacts and Reference Material• Woody Raine – TxDOT, GSD (Recycling Info)E: WRAINE@dot.state.tx.usT: 512.302.2422• Robert Lee – TxDOT, CST (Specifications)E: RLEE1@dot.state.tx.usT: 512.506.5938• Current TxDOT Research 0-5836: Performance ofPermeable Friction Course (PFC) Pavements Over Time– Develop PFC Performance Database– Functionality (noise, permeability)– Durability (raveling, possibly rutting & cracking)– Safety (skid resistance, accident history)– Produce guidelines for PFC design, construction, & maintenance• www.txdot.gov/business/contractors_consultants/recycling/asphalt_shingles.htm• http://www.txdot.gov/business/contractors_consultants/recycling/speclist.htm• http://www.txdot.gov/business/contractors_consultants/recycling/speclist2.htm

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