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VIP Voice3CVT: Making Communication Easier for YouJim Gifford, chief operation officer of Copper Valley Telecom,has been in the telecommunications business since 1977,starting with a background in CATV then moving overtraditional wireline telephone services. He shares his insightsinto broadband network construction and differentiatedcompetitiveness in the mobile broadband and smartphone era.Tech Forum36868The Importance of IT Infrastructure in Cloud ComputingCloud computing has also brought new opportunities to traditional ITequipment providers—who have been prompted to make significantchanges to traditional IT products.DS-Lite CGN Drives the Smooth Evolution to IPv6Centralized deployment of standalone CGN is considered the bestchoice for operators to evolve their networks to IPv6, and distributeddeployment of standalone CGN can be adopted in large MANscenarios as a supplement for wide area coverage.Solutions11Intelligent Next-Generation Bearer NetworksCreate New Value111416100G E2E Bearer Network Solution Leads Broadband GrowthMore Intelligent LTE Networks with SON

Success Stories18Telkom Matures with Backbone Network ExpansionBecause of the rapid development of Indonesia’s telecomindustry and the increasing demand for communicationsservices, the capacity of Telkom’s transport networks hasbecome a bottleneck in service development.Editorial BoardEditor-in-Chief: Jiang HuaDeputy Editor-in-Chief: Huang XinmingEditorial Director: Zhao LiliExecutive Editor: Yue LihuaEditor: Paul SleswickCirculation Manager: Wang Pingping18Subscription / Customer ServicesSubscription to ZTE TECHNOLOGIESis free of chargeTel: +86-551-5533356Fax: +86-551-5850139Email: wang.pingping@zte.com.cnWebsite: wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine202220Telecom Malaysia: The Road to Full-Service OperationVivo Undertakes IP Network TransformationEditorial OfficeAddress: NO. 55, Hi-tech Road South,ShenZhen, P.R.ChinaPostcode: 518057Tel: +86-755-26775211Fax: +86-755-26775217Email: yue.lihua@zte.com.cnThird Eye23ZTE ZXR10 T8000 Cluster RouterNews Brief27ZTE Awarded Optical Vendor of the Year and IPTVVendor of the Year by Frost & SullivanZTE ProfileZTE is a leading global provider oftelecommunications equipment and networksolutions. It has the widest and most completeproduct range in the world—covering virtuallyevery sector of the wireline, wireless, serviceand terminals markets. The company deliversinnovative, custom-made products andservices to over 500 operators in more than140 countries, helping them achieve continuedrevenue growth and shape the future of theworld’s communications.28ZTE Releases a Future-proof Optical TransportNetwork Device for Metro Edge Layer2 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

VIP VoiceCVT: Making CommunicationEasier for YouReporter: Zhao LiliNow, Jim Gifford shares his insightsinto broadband network constructionand differentiated competitiveness in themobile broadband and smartphone era.Jim Gifford, chief operation officer of Copper Valley TelecomJim Gifford, chief operationo f f i c e r o f C o p p e r Va l l e yTelecom (CVT), has been in thetelecommunications business since1977, starting with a background inCATV then moving over traditionalwireline telephone services. CVT,a small company, has providedopportunities to become experienced innot only day-to-day operations but alsoengineering of new services rangingfrom switching, new soft switching, IT,fiber backbone, fiber to the premise,backbone microwave networks, Wi-Fi, AMPS and CDMA network, all inremote Alaska.Journalist: Could you introduce yourcompany, CVT (including CVW), andits business?Jim Gifford: Copper Valley Telecomis a small rural telecommunicationscompany providing wireline telephoneand wireless services in South CentralAlaska, covering a service area inexcess of 9,600 square miles and asmall population of 10,000. CopperValley provides traditional wirelinetelephone, Internet and wireless CDMAEV-DO Rev. A services.CVT is a member owned communitybased telecommunications cooperative,dedicated to providing the best value,state-of-the-art communication servicesto keep up with our customers’ needs.Copper Valley Wireless (CVW) isthe subsidiary company of CVT. CVWis mainly devoted to building wirelessnetwork and developing the wirelessservices.Journalist: What are the objectivesof CVT and CVW in 2011? Whatapproaches will you take to achievethese objectives?August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES3

VIP VoiceJim Gifford: This year is shapingup to be another busy constructionyear for Copper Valley Telecom. Asis the national trend, our objectiveis to bring broadband everywhere.CVT delivers broadband over fiberand copper cables, and wirelesslyusing both cellular 3G and Wi-Fihot spots. Copper Valley’s focusduring 2011 is to replace satellitefed connectivity with new terrestrialfiber and microwave networks tosupport broadband services. An initialdeployment of fiber to the premise andVDSL service is underway as well.Additional enhancements providefor redundancy and Internetconnectivity upgrades. With the newtransport facilities, new cell sites arebeing deployed along with capacitysystem upgrades. For example, weare also upgrading electronics inour central offices and electronicssites near subdivisions and homesto support faster and more reliableinternet connections. CVT is also busyupgrading our Internet connectionsto the rest of the world to provide fore-commerce and over the top (OTT)services such as downloading ofmovie TV, gaming and entertainment.In a word, you will see CVTemployees and contractors busyworking to bring broadband to moreplaces where you work, live and play.Journalist: Mobile internet, mobilebroadband and smartphones aredeveloping rapidly. CVT is a fullserviceoperator. How does thecompany adjust its strategies to dealwith development trends?Jim Gifford: CVT will be the fullservice telecommunications providerof choice by offering cutting edgetechnology through innovativebusiness approaches and competent,highly trained employees. With therapid growth of wireless services,CVW has developed two cells on4 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

does your company have over thesecarriers?Jim Gifford: CVT provides servicein very remote low-density populationareas, several of our service areas haveno commercial electricity, limited orno road access, requiring travel by boator air to reach the communities andcell sites. CVT maintains a number ofstandalone mountain top microwave/cell sites requiring helicopter onlyaccess, powered by solar, wind andcycled propane generators. We are amember owned local company, so ourfocus is serving our members and theremote areas they live, work and enjoyin the remote region of Alaska.Journalist: In 2006, ZTE begancooperating with CVW on CDMAequipment. How do you evaluate ZTE’sproducts and services? What’s yourexpectation for future collaborationbetween CVT and ZTE?Jim Gifford: In the remote areas andrestricted access of our service area,mountain top cell sites, and extremeAlaska temperatures reaching -60Fahrenheit during the winters, the ZTECDMA network has exceeded ourexpectations on reliability and capacitypower usage. The ZTE CDMA platformproviding voice and EV-DO data toboth mobile and fixed customers is anessential service business, residentialand emergency communications.CVT anticipates continued growth withZTE of the 3G network with continuedbuild out of cell sites providing additionalcoverage and capacity.Journalist: Could you tell us aboutCVW’s planned evolution from CDMAto LTE?Jim Gifford: CVW is planning aninitial LTE deployment starting in2012 and expects to operate a dualCDMA and LTE network for severalyears as the LTE network is extendedfrom the villages and towns out tothe more rural and remote areas ofour vast service areas.wheels (COW’s), which are deployedto different venues, such as the SkiSeason on Thompson Pass, the summertourist season supporting remote lodgeson the Denali Highway and fill in serviceto relive service congestion as demandgrows and changes. Additionally CVT isadding cell sites and transport capacityto support ever growing EV-DO usage.Our customers are hungry for bandwidthand until recently with CVT’s networkexpansion have been limited to satellitebased services.Journalist: How does your companydifferentiate itself from other biggercarriers in U.S.? And what advantagesAugust 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES5

Tech ForumThe Importance of IT Infrastructure inCloud ComputingBy Wang WeiWang Wei, deputy general manager of ZTE’sGovernment and Enterprise Network Product LineCloud computing is astrategic new industry andrepresents a new generationof technological revolution. In theforeseeable future, there will be biggerspurts of energy in the field of cloudcomputing. Cloud computing has alsobrought new opportunities to traditionalIT equipment providers—who havebeen prompted to make significantchanges to traditional IT products.Cloud computing is a newcommercial computing model inwhich computing tasks are distributedin a resource pool consisting ofa large number of computers. Avariety of applications can obtainthe necessary computing power,storage space and software servicesas needed. The resource pool is a poolof infrastructure, and its opennessdirectly influences the quality of othercloud-based services such as Platformas a Service (PaaS) and Software as aService (SaaS).Depending on service models,cloud computing is classified intoInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS),PaaS and SaaS. Fundamentally, theprovision of cloud computing powerrefers to application and servicedelivery from the IT infrastructure.Computational resources are providedon demand via a computer network,a n d t h e s e r e s o u r c e s a r e e a s i l yextensible. To a user, resources inthe cloud are infinitely extensible andavailable any time. Resources can beused and expanded whenever needed,and payment can be made accordingto the amount of resource used. Justlike water and electricity are publicutilities, cloud computing will becomethe IT infrastructure that providescontinuous computational services topeople everywhere. Gartner definescloud computing as a style of computingwhere scalable and elastic IT capabilitiesare provided as a service to multiplecustomers using Internet technologies.The essence of cloud computingis the aggregation of mass dataand application resources. So thereare very demanding requirementso n p e r f o r m a n c e , s t a b i l i t y, a n dmanageability of the backgroundservers. Traditional low-end serversare not an ideal platform for cloudcomputing. Two points must beconsidered in relation to the webserver farm pattern currently usedby Google and Amazon. One is thatGoogle and Amazon provide limitedcloud computing application types,6 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

and the scale of the closely coupledprocessing is not large. Another majorconsideration is that the price of highendservers is not affordable, eventhough they might be technicallysuitable. As cloud computing becomesmore popular, sales of high-end greenservers will double, and the cost willfurther decline. Quality, high-endservers will develop rapidly.The platform for providing cloudcomputing power is the core of cloudcomputing. The aggregation of dataand applications itself has not changedcomputing types. The future cloudcomputing platform will still need torun core applications such as databaseand middleware. But the scale of theseapplications will increase enormously.What’s more, high-load tasks such asmanagement, resource scheduling,and job scheduling of the cloudcomputing platform are key hightensionapplications. Because thesecore applications involve large-scaleon-line transaction processing (OLTP),a cluster of low-end servers cannotsupport these high-end applications.Therefore, high-end servers are theinevitable choice for the core business ofcloud computing. In a typical distributedstorage system, especially in a privatecloud application, storage nodes can usecheap servers and storage devices. Butthe master server for managing namespaces, access control, data retrieval,and mapping relations between files anddata blocks (especially a master serverin a distributed file system with hugedata) usually uses a high-end server toguarantee high performance, availabilityand security of the distributed filesystem. Cloud computing imposesvarious requirements on performanceand efficiency of data centers. In somereal-time operations, it requires higherlevel computing with less delay andfaster response.Currently, cloud computing servicesare limited only to peripheral, low-end,and general applications. Future cloudcomputing will penetrate into key fields.There will be critical requirements onsystem reliability and service level anda call for better fundamental physicalequipment on the bottom-layer. Theimportance of IT infrastructure in thecloud computing era is self-evident.Improving the capabilities of ITinfrastructure is the first door to successin cloud computing.ZTE Unveils Proprietary Cloud ComputingOperating SystemFuture sales of ‘CoCloud’ OS & cloud computing solutions expected toaccount for 1/3 of total revenue18 May 2011, Shenzhen — ZTE for the first time demonstrated itscomplete range of cloud computing solutions, including its proprietary‘CoCloud’ operating system. The entire range was unveiled at the ChinaCloud Computing Conference in Beijing.With CoCloud as the centerpiece, ZTE’s cloud solutions consist ofplatforms that are used to manage IT resources, virtual computing, cloudoperating management, and cloud security. Together with a range of cloudapplications, the solutions cover all industries—from traditional telecommarkets to government and enterprise markets. ZTE also announced theestablishment of its Global Cloud Computing Center in Nanjing.In the 2010 annual report released on March 18, ZTE made itscommitment to cloud computing and integrated circuits (IC) known. “Itis our ambition that cloud computing account for a third of ZTE’s totalrevenue,” said Shi Lirong, president of ZTE. “Cloud computing hasrevolutionized resource provision methods and user application methods inmost computing aspects. Under the new industrial framework, we expectto introduce radical changes in both IT and CT market and to open up newopportunities for industry players.” The establishment of ZTE’s GlobalCloud Computing Center in Nanjing is a significant milestone for ZTE’scloud computing strategy.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES7

Tech ForumBy Niu QiboAlthough industry andgovernments have workedfor more than a decade totransition into IPv6, this transition isstill nowhere near complete. The longpredicteddoomsday for IPv4 is quicklyapproaching. The Internet AssignedNumbers Authority (IANA) will runout of unallocated IP addresses inAugust 2011 and the Regional InternetRegistries (RIR) will run out ofunallocated IP addresses in May 2012.It is therefore imperative that IPv4 betransitioned to IPv6.Why Slow Transition to IPv6?IPv6 has many advantages over IPv4,including larger address space, betterheader format, plug and play, highersecurity, end-to-end QoS, and betterIP mobility. Despite the limitations ofIPv4 and the impending IPv4 addressexhaustion, operators are still behind intheir IPv6 migration plans.The basic reason for slowdeployment of IPv6 is unbalanceddevelopment of the industry chain.IPv6 migration involves networkequipment, terminals, IT systems,service systems, and applications.Although IPv6 has grown intoa mature technology that iscommercially available on networkequipment and IT systems, mostterminals (excluding PCs), servicesystems and applications have notbeen made IPv6 ready. This is dueto the “bucket effect” in the industrychain. Few service types are supportedon IPv6 networks, and operatorshave adopted a wait-and-see attitudetowards IPv6 migration because thereis no obvious ROI. The unbalanceddevelopment of the industry chainhampers IPv6 deployment.Another reason for the slowdeployment of IPv6 is that there isno complete solution for evolvingto IPv6. A solution for the backbonenetwork is available and meets currentservice demands, but there is nosolution for the MAN that is matureenough for large-scale commercialdeployment. There are two IPv6solutions for user access.Native IPv6 access: Subscriberso b t a i n I P v 6 c o n f i g u r a t i o ninformation from BNG and accessan IPv6 network through PPPoEv6or IPoEv6. Native IPv6 accesssolves the problem of IPv4 addressdepletion but does not allow forfeature-rich services because mostcurrent applications do not runsmoothly on an IPv6-only host.Therefore, native IPv6 cannot adaptto network features at the presentstage but will be applied in the finalstage of network evolution.Dual-stack access: Subscribersobtain IPv4/IPv6 configurationinformation and access dual-stacknetworks through a single PPPsession for both IPv4 and IPv6or IPoEv4/IPoEv6. The dualstackaccess solution ensuresfeature-rich services but cannot bedeployed on a large scale becauseit uses public IPv4 addresses.DS-LiteBecause of application and terminalconstraints, a large-scale upgradeto IPv6 cannot be completed withina short time. Most ICPs have nointention of deploying IPv6, and IPv4-IPv4 traffic will still be prevalent on8 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

the network in years to come. DualStack Lite (DS-Lite) has thus been putforward to drive IPv6 deployment andensure IPv4 service continuity.DS-Lite combines IPv4-in-IPv6 tunnels and IPv4 NAT. It iscollaboratively implemented by theaddress family translation router(AFTR) and basic bridging broadbandelement (B4). The DS-Lite model isshown in Fig. 1.B4 (or home gateway) enables theDHCPv4 server function to allocateprivate IPv4 addresses to internalterminals. If B4 is a terminal, itassigns a fixed private IPv4 addressby itself. The operator networkadvertises AFTR address information(IPv6 addresses) through staticconfiguration or DHCPv6. B4 initiatesa request to create an IPv4-in-IPv6tunnel (known as softwire) to AFTRand encapsulates or decapsulatesoutgoing IPv4 or incoming IPv6traffic (the destination address is IPv6address of B4 WAN interface).AFTR creates an IPv4-in-IPv6tunnel (softwire) to B4 and usesthe NAT function to decapsulate/encapsulate outgoing IPv6 orincoming IPv4 traffic as well as IPv4-IPv4 NAT. Since IPv4 addressesare allocated by users on their own,different users may have the sameIPv4 address. To avoid addressconflict, NAT table entries maintainedby AFTR are different from commonIPv4 NAT table entries, and the IPv6address of B4 WAN interface is addedto differentiate users.The DS-Lite model supports IPv6deployment. AFTR and B4 performnative forwarding of IPv6 traffic.DS-Lite CGN SolutionTo push IPv6 deployment, DS-Lite carrier-grade NAT (DS-LiteCGN) is currently being researchedin this dustry. DS-Lite CGN fallsinto two types: standalone CGN andembedded CGN. Standalone CGNimplements DS-Lite AFTR throughhardware. Embedded CGN developedon the BNG (BRAS) platform hasa dedicated card for DS-Lite andprovides PPPoEv6/IPoEv6+DS-Lite for user access and DS-LiteAFTR. ZTE’s ZXR10 M6000 can bedeployed as either a standalone CGNor an embedded CGN.Standalone CGN can be centrallydeployed or distributed. In centralizeddeployment (Fig. 2), subscribersobtain IPv6 configuration informationfrom BNG over PPPoEv6/IPoEv6,and a softwire to CGN is created.CGNs dual-homed to MAN corerouters provide DS-Lite AFTR forMAN subscribers. They are deployedin pairs to enable DS-Lite hot backupand load sharing. This improvesnetwork availability.In distributed deployment (Fig. 3),CGNs connected to IPv6 BNG—thecontrol device at the edge of MAN—provide DS-Lite AFTR for subscriberscovered by IPv6 BNG.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES9

Tech ForumAs for the embedded CGN,BNGs provide IPv6 access andDS-Lite AFTR through PPPoEv6/IPoEv6+DS-Lite for subscriberscovered by BNGs. Because someBNGs cannot be upgraded, theexisting IPv4 BNG serves as LAC,and IPv6 BNG integrates thefunctions of LNS and CGN. An L2TPtunnel is set up between the IPv4BNG (LAC) and IPv6 BNG (LNS),and a softwire is set up between thehome gateway (B4) and IPv6 BNG.In this way, IPv6 access can beprovided for subscribers.Standalone CGN and embeddedCGN have their own advantages anddisadvantages, as listed in Table 1.Embedded CGN has notyet matured. It causes serviceinterruption, it is not reliable, it haspoor scalability and complicatedO&M. However, standalone CGN ishighly reliable, has good scalability,easy O&M, and is simple to upgradewith little impact on existing services.France Telecom has chosen todeploy standalone CGN for its initialnetwork evolution.Centralized deployment ofstandalone CGN is cost efficient,although the user base is subject toCGN constraints. The processingcapability of a CGN card is muchhigher than that of BNG (about fivetimes). As native IPv6 or dual-stackaccess is gradually implemented fornetworks and services, DS-Lite isapplied less and is only needed inthe initial and development phasesof network evolution. Centralizeddeployment of standalone CGN istherefore considered the best choicefor operators to evolve their networksto IPv6, and distributed deploymentof standalone CGN can be adopted inlarge MAN scenarios as a supplementfor wide area coverage. The DS-Lite CGN solution allows for smoothnetwork evolution, protects operatorprofits, and promotes IPv6 deployment.Table 1. Standalone CGN vs. embedded CGN.Solution ModelSmooth TransitionReliabilityDeploymentCostNetworkMaintenanceScalabilityStandalone CGNSmall change to BNGconfiguration;no impact on existingservicesSimple functions; highreliability; easy toimplement CGN hotbackupLow cost; occupiesequipment roomIndependentO&MCGN cards areadded flexibly basedon user baseEmbedded CGNBig change to BNGconfiguration ( additionalCGN card is needed);system failure risk thataffects existing servicesComplicated functions;low reliability; difficult toimplement BNG+CGNhot backupHigh costComplicated O&Mdue to mixedBRAS and CGNinterfacesPoor scalability;occupies BNG slot10ZTE TECHNOLOGIESAugust 2011

SolutionsIntelligent Next-Generation Bearer NetworksCreate New ValueBy Han Lijin and Chen JianyeDe velopments intelecommunication technologyhave changed people’slives. The move from 2G to 3G/LTEhas enabled people to see mobilecommunications rather than just hearthem, and the move from broadcasttelevision to interactive television hasenabled people to use television ratherthan passively watch it. The advancementfrom fixed Internet access to mobileInternet has enabled people to shareand access information flexibly anytimeand anywhere. With the developmentof the Internet, Internet of Things andcloud computing, telecommunicationtechnologies have permeated into fieldsas diverse as transportation, medical care,energy, homes, and agriculture.In the area of rich services, the valueof the whole industry chain is movingtowards terminals and services. Bearernetworks are becoming transparent,and operators are becoming mere pipeproviders. OVUM predicts that thecompound annual growth of mobilebroadband subscribers from 2009 to 2015will be 31%, whereas the compoundannual growth of mobile broadbandservices will be just 22%. This meansthat the growth of subscribers is fasterthan the growth of business revenue.Market research conducted by AnalysysMason on the Norwegian mobilebroadband market shows that trafficfrom data cards increased by 175% in2009, whereas revenue increased byonly 75% with a 48% decline in unityield. The traffic from data cards is 10times the Internet traffic from mobilephones, whereas the unit yield of theformer is only one ninth that of thelatter. This means higher CAPEX andlower unit yield. It means that operatorsare building communication pipes butare not benefiting from the growthin profit brought about by businessdevelopment. They must provide highbandwidthand high-quality bearer pipesthat provide good service. But without acorresponding increase in profit, this canbe costly.To deal with challenges encounteredin bearer networks, ZTE proposesan intelligent next-generation bearernetwork with intelligent bearers,converged bearers, broadband bearers,high-reliability bearers and IPv6evolution. This helps operators buildhigh-bandwidth, low-cost, visible,controllable, manageable and evolvablebearer networks in order to create addedvalue.Intelligent BearerAn intelligent bearer networkprovides differentiated services andopen platforms. It guarantees highvalueservices and restricts lowvalueservices. It also opens networkresources to partners so that operatorshave a sound secondary operationenvironment to increase their valueand create win-win situations withpartners. The intelligent bearer networkproposed by ZTE includes:an intelligent optical network.Automatic creation of optical paths,quick deployment of end-to-endservices, and automatic topologydiscovery simplifies network OAM.Various protection and recoverymodes are adopted to improvenetwork security and differentiatedAugust 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES11

Solutionsservice capabilities. New servicesare provided quickly in opticaltransport networks, dynamic circuitrequirements of IP networks canbe met, and the structure of thetransport network can be optimizedand evolved.optimized OAM. Data are collectedthrough deep packet inspectionand traffic probing at the front endand are analyzed by the traffic andbehavior analysis system at the backend. Inspecting services, defininguser behaviors, and automaticallydiscovering user behaviors arenecessary in building an intelligentmultidimensional communicationpipe that can control services.Statistics on user status, onlineuser type, user distribution, andnetwork resource allocation makenetworks visible. Differentiatedservices, access, and chargingmodes makes users manageable.Visible, controllable, and optimizedmanagement of bearer networkscan be realized. Network resourceallocation can also be optimizedand the value per bit maximized inbearer networks.Converged BearerC o n v e r g e n c e i s t h e c o r e o fintelligent full-service bearingnetworks. A converged bearer notonly reduces network constructioncosts but also allows for networkexpansion and evolution. The key to aconverged bearer network is equipmentconvergence. This unifies multiservicebearing, adapts to development trendsof telecom technologies, and protectsoperator investments. The convergedbearer network proposed by ZTEcovers converged access and convergedIP and optical network.In mobile backhaul, IP/MPLSand MPLS-TP are gradually beingconverged. IP/MPLS enhances OAMand network protection, and MPLS-TPenhances L3 VPN. Based on a unifiedsoftware and hardware platform, ZTE’sconverged transport network equipment,ZXCTN, enables both IP/MPLS andMPLS-TP, protects network investments,and supports smooth evolution.In the backbone network, IPnetworks are heavily burdened.Expanding traditional IP networksgreatly increases costs and cannotsolve the problem of traffic congestion.How to use relatively low-cost opticalnetworks has become the focus ofoperators. The appropriate solution isto fully converge the service planes,control planes, and managementplanes of IP and optical networks. Thisis an important development trendof bearer networks. ZTE proposes aconverged IP and optical network. Byusing PCE and network planning toolsat the optical and IP layers, the twolayers can share network resources,plan collaboratively, optimize trafficpaths, improve backbone networkresource use, and improve transportefficiency. The problem of risksharing can also be solved to improvebackbone network stability. For fastservice deployment and quick faultlocating, unified end-to-end networkmanagement is performed for theIP and optical layers. This improvesoperating efficiency and reduces TCO.Broadband BearerHigh bandwidth is the basis ofan intelligent bearer network andis important for improving userexperience. Developing highbandwidthbearer networks hasbecome a main concern of operators.Cluster systems and 100G are hottechnologies that have attracted muchattention in the industry. ZTE hasparticipated in drafting IEEE 100GE,ITU-T 100G ODU4 and 100G WDMstandards. ZTE’s data and opticalnetwork products all support 100Gplatforms. The ZXR10 T8000 100Gcluster router has the largest capacityin the industry. By using an innovativevirtual cluster control technique, a12ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

cloud computing-based control plane,and high-performance 100G chips, thecluster router can support at most a16+64 multichassis system and 200Tbpsswitching. This provides high-speedbearer channels for intelligent bearernetworks. ZTE’s end-to-end 100Gbearer network solution provides ultrahighspeed across the network—fromconvergence layer to backbone layerand from transport layer to IP layer.The solution greatly increases networkcapacity, enriches operator services,optimizes network architecture, andenhances an operator’s competitive edge.High-Reliability BearerHigh reliability is the key to thestable running of bearer networks. ZTEproposes a plane-independent networkarchitecture for service bearing. Thepublic service plane carries high-speedInternet access and dedicated Internetaccess services, and the telecom serviceplane bears differentiated servicessuch as mobile service, governmentand enterprise VPN, and self-operatedservice. Plane-independent protectiontechnologies are also deployed toensure reliable service bearing. On thepublic service plane, ZTE’s ethernetsmart ring, ethernet smart switch(ZESR/ZESS), and link aggregationgroup (LAG) are deployed to protectnetworks at the convergence layer.Virtual router redundancy protocol(VRRP) is deployed to protectgateways, dual-node cluster hot backupis deployed to protect the servicecontrol layer, and IP fast re-route (IPFRR) is deployed to protect routes at theIP layer. On the telecom service plane,1+1/1:1 path protection, ring protection,traffic engineering (TE) protection andLAG are deployed to protect backhaulservices. VRRP, dual-node cluster hotbackup, TE FRR/VPN and FRR/IPFRR are deployed to protect the MANservice control layer and backbonelayer. At the transmission layer, opticalpath shared protection, optical multiplexsection shared protection, 1+1 opticalpath protection, 1+1 optical multiplexsection protection, and 1:N opticalpath protection are deployed for highnetwork reliability.IPv6 EvolutionBecause the IANA IPv4 addresspool was exhausted in February2011, and the addresses of the AsiaPacific Network Information Center(APNIC), which allocates addresses inAsia Pacific, will soon be exhausted,operators in Asia Pacific will be unableto obtain IPv4 addresses for businessdevelopment. IPv6 has therefore beenintroduced to solve this problem. Withthe advantages of mass address space,end-to-end QoS, mobile IP address,network security, and plug and play,IPv6 meets the requirements for servicedevelopment and has become the coreof next-generation Internet.ZTE has been involved in developingIPv6. It has worked closely with FranceTelecom, China Telecom, and ChinaMobile to develop quality products andsolutions for smooth evolution to IPv6.ZTE’s end-to-end network solution forevolution to IPv6 supports DS-Lite,6RD, NAT64 and NAT444 withoutaffecting existing services.Its intelligent next-generation bearernetwork solution provides residentialusers with access control, automaticbandwidth adjustment, and enhancedvideo experience. It provides governmentand enterprise users with differentiatedservices and intelligent resourcemanagement. And it provides mobileusers with smart pipes for end-to-endQoS, protection, and OAM. The solutionalso supports smooth evolution to IPv6.ZTE has been researching thelatest technical standards. Cuttingedgetechnologies are driving thedevelopment of bearer networks andare helping operators build future-proofbearer networks. ZTE is ready to joinhands with operators to build intelligent,converged, reliable next-generationbroadband bearer networks that bringadded value.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES13

SolutionsBy Zhu Xuan and Chen JianyeThe global information explosion,high-definition videos, andcloud computing have broughtabout a dramatic increase in networktraffic. Smoothly expanding andupgrading bearer networks has becomethe key to fast broadband connection. In2010, ZTE launched the industry’s mostcomplete 100G end-to-end (E2E) bearernetwork solution that converges 100Gtransmission, 100G routing, and 100Gswitching. This solution now paves theway for the development of broadbandnetworks.The 100G E2E bearer networksolution provides ultra-high speed acrossthe network—from convergence layerto backbone layer and from transportlayer to IP layer. All three of ZTE’shigh-end products for bearer network—the ZXR10 T8000100G cluster router,ZXONE 8000 large-capacity crossconnectingequipment, and the ZXR108900E core switch—support the 100Ginterfacing board. The 100G networkformed by these three high-end devicesand the unified network managementplane significantly increase networkcapacity, enrich operator services,optimize network architecture, andenhance competitiveness.By deploying ZXWM M920 andZXONE 8000 as part of an ultrawideband 100G bearer networksolution, operators can eliminatetraffic bottlenecks in the core networksand meet the demand of growingdata business. ZTE’s self-developedmultiplexing QPSK modulation supportsultra long distance transmission of over1000km without the need for powerrelays. ZTE’s proprietary core switchchip has large-capacity OTN crossconnectingbased on ODU2/ODU3/ODU4 granules. This provides flexibletraffic scheduling for core nodes. The100G E2E bearer network supports,at most, a ten-dimensional ROADMsystem. It uses the WASON intelligentcontrol plane to greatly shorten the timefor service deployment and providesmultiple recovery paths for key services.It also supports hybrid transmissionof 40G/100G. Operators can simplyupgrade the circuit-side single board oftheir existing platform to support 100G.This reduces networking costs andprotects network investment.The E2E 100G bearer networkuses ZXR10 T8000 in the backboneIP layer, which creates a super nodeand allows for smooth evolution from10G to 100G. The telecom-class 100Grouting cluster system, ZXR10 T8000,has the largest capacity in the industry.By using the virtual cluster controltechnique, a cloud computing-basedcontrol plane, and high-performancechips, ZXR10 T8000 can support amaximum of a 16+64 multi-chassissystem and 200T switching. The highlyintegrated40G/100G chipsets with lowpower consumption provide end-to-endhigh-speed bearer channels that reducetransmission cost per bit. ZXR10 T8000operates on ZXROS—ZTE’s selfdevelopedoperating system. ZXROShas a modular, process-oriented,micro-kernel software platform thatimplements hot patching, non-stoprouting, online component upgrading,and online cluster upgrading throughdynamic process loading. These O&Mtasks are completed without affecting14ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

user service experience.In the convergence access layer,the solution uses a ZXR10 8900E coreswitch that has the first 100G port inthe industry. The new-generation ultrawideband core switch is based onZTE’s multidimension secure switchingarchitecture and a fully distributed OSplatform. It provides ultra high-speed40G and 100G Ethernet interfaces aswell as a 480GB single board that iscurrently the highest in the industry.ZXR10 8900E supports a full rangeof customized solutions, includingcomplete Ethernet, MPLS, multicastservices, and advanced MAN bearerplatform. It supports IEEE 1588v2and synchronous Ethernet (for futureconvergence of bearers), advanced deeppacket inspection and security control,and multidimensional core convergenceplatform. It also supports virtualization,FCoE and virtual cluster switchingso that a future cloud-based bearerplatform can be built.In the network management layer,ZTE’s NetNumen U31 unified networkmanagement system is used forcentralized management, fast end-toendscheduling, and comprehensiveZXONE8000Transmission AggregationFigure 1. ZTE’s 100G E2E bearer network solution.monitoring of services offered. Withefficient and stable advanced systemarchitecture, the modular structureof components is easy to expand andmaintain. NetNumen U31 also providesa complete security solution to ensuresystem security and reliability.ZTE has been promoting thedevelopment and commercialization of100G standards in the industry. Theyhave been heavily involved in draftingproposals for IEEE 100GE, ITU-T100G ODU4, and OIF 100G WDM.ZTE has mastered core technologiessuch as large-capacity photoelectricswitching, 100G message processing,100G MAC, 100G OTN packaging, and100G wavelength-division multiplexing.They have good strategic partnershipswithin industry circles.ZTE’s routers, switches, IPTN, andOTN/WDM products fully support a100GE interface. ZTE’s long-distancetransmission equipment supports a100G line interface and large-capacityelectric cross-connecting. Whileimplementing high-performance 100G,ZTE strives for functional completeness,user friendliness, and low-powerconsumption. Cost-efficient bearerUser End IP Aggregation IP Edge IP Backbone ApplicationDHCP/ BSS/SW BMSG CRZXR10IGW DNS NMS AAA OSST8000ZXR108900EOTNZXR10M6000IP CoreOTN/DWDMZXR10T8000ZXONE 8000ZXWM920 LTETransmission BackboneNetNumen U31ISP A ISP BInternetIMSIPTVIDCnetwork solutions allow operators tosmoothly upgrade their networks anduse one-stop 100G services.The 100G industrial chain is beingdeveloped and has not yet matured.100G and 40G are technologies of thesame period. The technical complexityof 40G is a little less than that of100G, and the port density of 40Gcan be 2-3 times higher than in 100Gequipment. A mature 40G industry willbe established soon to meet pressingapplication needs in the market. 40Gis a practical transition technologythat will coexist with 100G in thelong term. The 100G WDM industryis being gradually improved. Becauseof different bandwidth requirementsand development strategies betweenoperators, different economicdevelopment between countries andregions, and different network levels,40G and 100G will coexist in the longterm. In general, 100G will graduallydominate in the trunk and 40G will beused more in MAN areas.In 2011, the 100G market is expectedto remain in the testing and trial stage,on the verge of large-scale application.ZTE will participate with key operatorsto test and trial 100G WDM and 100Grouting and will continue to improvetheir product features and solutions.This will lay a good foundation formarketing the products for later largescaleapplication.Another requirement for developing100G technology is enhancing the portdensity of 40G and 10G. Good solutionscan be provided only by combining thetwo. In 2011, ZTE will launch moreproducts with high-density 10G and highdensity40G to enhance its competitivenessin the 10G/40G era. These products willalso allow ZTE to smoothly transition intothe 100G application environment.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES15

SolutionsMore Intelligent LTENetworks with SONdeployment of networks, there are moreand more optimization parametersand wireless environment evaluationindexes. Network complexity is alsogrowing exponentially. The coexistenceof network systems further increasesthis complexity.With a variety of 2G, 3G and LTEnetworks in use, resource allocationand scheduling scenarios are like adispatcher at a transportation centerwho needs to organize and coordinatea variety of transport modes from oxcarts to jets to provide continuoustransport for many customers. Thisrequires the dispatcher to master thecharacteristics of each mode. In highlycomplex networks, manual networkconfiguration used in the 2G/3Gera as well as traditional O&M andoptimization based on drive tests havegradually been overloaded. Automaticnetwork configuration is now a trend inthe post-3G era.By Zhao XinIncreasingly Complex WirelessNetworksIn 1896 when M.G. Marconicarried out the world’s first longdistancewireless communicationexperiment, he could not have imaginedthat only 100 years later, wirelesscommunications would become anindispensable part of everyday life.Wireless networks have evolved to sucha degree that wireless antennas can nowbe seen on buildings, utility poles, andon special iron towers every 200m inmany downtown areas. Operators maydeploy thousands of base stations tosupport more than 10,000 cellular areasin a major city in China.With the constant expansion ofmobile networks and continuoustechnological upgrades, mobilenetwork technology has developedfrom the AMPS system—put into usein 1983—through AMPS/TACS, GSM/CDMA and UMTS/TD-SCDMA/CDMA2000, into LTE. The speed ofwireless communication has soaredfrom 2bps in the Marconi era to 1Gbps.Even if a Marconi telegraph was usedto transfer data unceasingly from1896 to the present, the amount ofinformation transferred to date wouldbe far less than what an LTE user canaccess in a single minute.With the evolution and denseThe Introduction of SONIn 2007, 3GPP started to researchuse cases and standards proposals inRAN3 and RAN5 to introduce selforganizingnetworks (SON) into LTEnetworks. In its R8 and R9 versions,3GPP has completed all the definitionsand specifications of various scenarios,including automatic discovery ofadjacent cells and automatic physicalc e l l i d e n t i t y ( P C I ) a l l o c a t i o n .Scenarios and technology programsfor optimizing mobile robustness,coverage, capacity, and randomaccess channel will be discussed inthe specifications of the follow-upR9 and R10 versions. Mobile loadbalancing and minimum drive test andenergy savings will also be discussed.Currently, the basic technical directionis to implement network selforganizing,self-optimizing and self-16ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

healing by enhancing measurementcapacity of terminals and strengtheningexchange of configuration and loadinformation between base stations.ZTE has deployed SON functionssuch as automatic discovery of adjacentcells in its LTE products. In-depthresearch has been done on networkstability, improved user perceptionand system cost and energy savings,and much technology has beenaccumulated. This helps to developa more cost-efficient, reliable andintelligent network solution.ZTE’s Uni-RAN solution, based onthe unified SDR hardware and softwareplatform, fully supports self-detection,self-discovery, self-configuration, selflinking,self-update and self-testingin base stations—from system powerupto service provisioning. This fullfunctionsupport avoids complex onsiteconfiguration required in traditionalbase station commissioning and greatlyreduces human error.A key feature of SON technologyis that base stations can automaticallymake decisions, change cell topologyand wireless configuration, andperform handover by collecting usermeasurement reports and exchanginginformation with adjacent cells.However, a network with these featuresonly has the basic characteristics of aself-organizing system. There are noexternal commands (such as humaninterference), and new structures suchas cell range, adjacent cell topology, anduser distribution are formed throughmutual coordination. In the case oflarge-scale nodes, the convergencespeed of a self-organizing systemdepends on the algorithm, interactionperiod, and effect manifestation period.If the algorithms are not designedproperly, the system may exist in a longtermshock or chaotic state. Algorithmsfor automatically discovering adjacentcells, optimizing mobile robustness,balancing mobile load can cause chainreactions. ZTE has performed fullsystem simulations and has carefullydesigned algorithms and delay indicatorsthat make the system responds quicklyto disturbances and optimally balancesignaling load and function coordinationwithin the convergence time. Thesealgorithms and indicators also supportstable and continuous networkimprovement.When designing and implementingSON functions, ZTE understandsthat operators need to continue toprovide services using their existingnetworks and that data configurationand optimization needs to happenas quickly as possible during LTEdeployment. With SON functionsdeployed by ZTE, the relevant 2G/3Gadjacent cell parameters in the LTEbase stations can be quickly configured.The newly deployed LTE network canalso complete data configuration forexisting 2G/3G networks in the shortesttime and initiate the appropriateinteroperability functions.Measurement done by enhanced userterminals in current SON technologyincreases overall measuring andsignaling traffic as well as terminalpower consumption to a certain extent.This reduces system capacity. But if themeasurement operation is performedtoo frequently, user experience isaffected (e.g. terminal battery lifeis shortened). Using a unique CDT/MR data acquisition and analysis toolcalled NetMax, ZTE incorporatesa proprietary SON minimum-userterminal selection function. Thisreduces the user terminal measurementand signaling interaction to a minimumso that users do not feel the impact ofthese features.Future SON: End-to-End OptimizationZTE is a leading supplier of LTEequipment and a primary contributorto LTE standardization. ZTE iscommitted to promoting standard LTEtechnologies, including SON. In futureSON technology, self-organization andself-optimization will be expandedfrom the current wireless networkto the entire end-to-end network.Network coverage optimization willbe expanded to end-to-end serviceawarenessoptimization and servicebasedcoverage optimization andadjustment. ZTE will continue todrive the growth of LTE standards andtechnologies and provide operatorswith mature end-to-end equipment andsolutions. ZTE will continue to helpoperators deploy LTE services fasterand more effectively and create newbusiness opportunities.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES17

Success StoriesBy Lu KexingIndonesia has more than 17,000islands, making it the largestarchipelago in the world. Witharound 240 million people, it is alsothe fourth most populated country.Indonesia’s economy has grownquickly in recent years, driven bymarket demand and supported bystate policies. Its telecommunicationsindustry has become more dynamic andhas entered a stage of rapid growth.PT.Telkom is the largest fixed-lineoperator and the leading internationalgateway operator in Indonesia. Itboasts abundant communicationsinfrastructure and holds a majoritystake in Indonesia’s largest mobileoperator, Telkomsel.Because of the rapid developmentof Indonesia’s telecommunicationsindustry and the increasing demand forcommunications services, the capacityof Telkom’s transport networkshas become a bottleneck in servicedevelopment. Indonesia’s uniquegeographical location also poses someproblems for Telkom’s existing networkprotection solution. ZTE has developeda perfect solution for Telkom based ontheir existing network and has helpedTelkom build a cutting-edge backbonetransport network. This provides strongfoundation for Telkom’s rapid businessgrowth.Securing a Dominating PositionI n d o n e s i a ’s p o p u l a t i o n a n dtelecommunications infrastructure aredistributed unevenly. The island of Javais only 10% of Indonesia’s territorybut owns 70% of the total exchangecapacity in the country. Java isstrategically important to all operatorsin Indonesia.Telkom planned to build its Javabackbone transport network in 2004.The network would carry backboneservices for all major cities in Java.Because of Java’s vital strategicposition, Telkom put high requirementson network stability and reliability.After a long and careful selectionprocess, Telkom chose ZTE as theirexclusive supplier of the Java backbonetransport network. Ultra-long-hauldense wavelength division multiplexing( D W D M ) a n d n e x t g e n e r a t i o nsynchronous digital hierarchy (NG-SDH) equipment was chosen, andsince it was put into operation in2005, the network has been stable andhighly reliable. ZTE and the backbonenetwork have been highly praised byTelkom. Telkom now earns millionsof dollars every year by leasingtransmission bandwidth to operatorswithout backbone transmissionfacilities. Telkom’s Java backbonetransport network has become the coretelecom network in Indonesia. Thiscements Telkom’s dominating positionin Indonesia’s telecom industry.Seeking Optimal Solutions forExpanding CapacityWith the rapid development ofIndonesia’s telecom industry, Telkomhas encountered new challenges:18ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

An upsurge in voice and data trafficand growing demand for newservices mean there is an urgentneed for Telkom to expand networkcapacity and simplify networkhierarchy.Indonesia has a lot of volcanicand earthquake activity. Manyf i b e r b r e a k s a r e c a u s e d b ynatural disasters and present newchallenges to MSP protection at theSDH layer.Because different types of old andnew optical cables are used, cableaging and replacement places highrequirements on management ofoptical power and dispersion.To address these problems, ZTEhas proposed a unique solution fortransforming dual-ring networks intothree-ring and five-ring networks.Double insurance is provided foroptical cables by integrating serviceprotection functions of SDH andDWDM. An IP over WDM solution isadopted to carry fast-growing IP trafficover existing DWDM. These solutionsmeet all of Telkom’s requirements,helping Telkom successfully expandnetwork capacity while greatlyreducing investment.Implementing Seamless In-ServiceSwappingTelkom’s Java backbone transportnetwork carries over 5,000 2M TDMservices and a large number of POSservices. In the capacity expansionproject, many optical sections andnodes must be reconstructed orswapped. The project is so complicatedthat any service interruption causedby a small mistake will have seriousconsequences.For in-service networkreconstruction, ZTE leveragedthe excellent protection capabilityof its transmission equipmentand developed a highly reliableproject implementation solution.The solution allows for multinodesection-by-section reconstruction,whole service migration, offlinecircuit configuration, and fastsystem restoration. ZTE succeededin upgrading and reconstructing thewhole backbone network withoutadversely affecting network services.Telkom also used ZTE’s automaticpower optimization (APO) systemto expand capacity. The system canautomatically detect attenuationvariation of optical cables, adjustsystem optical power in real time, andkeep system power in an optimal state.Manual adjustment and optimizationare not required for aging andattenuated optical cables. This reducesmaintenance work and improvesnetwork performance. Telkom’srequirements for optimization andmanagement of the WDM system havebeen well satisfied, and its networkTCO has been reduced. The excellentperformance of ZTE’s DWDMequipment and ZTE’s reliable projectimplementation mean Telkom’s Javabackbone transport network has beensmoothly upgraded to a 40G networkand seamless in-service swapping hasbeen implemented.Telkom has cooperated with ZTEon many projects, including twoexpansions and reconstructions ofits Java backbone transport network,construction of a MAN in Sumatra,construction of a backbone transportnetwork in Bali, and constructionof an inter-island WDM submarinecable network. Telkom has expandedits network coverage, and its leadingposition in Indonesia’s telecom markethas been strengthened. From Q1 2009to Q1 2010, Telkom increased itsfixed broadband user base by 79% andmobile broadband user base by 607%.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES19

Success StoriesBy Lian YuxiBackgroundTelecom Malaysia (TM) is thelargest telecommunicationcompany in Malaysia. It has amonopoly on fixed-line networks andhas a considerable share of the mobilemarket after acquiring Celcom andmerging with its mobile operationsarm, TMTouch. TM has 4.5 millionnarrowband subscribers and 1.6million broadband subscribers.With the rapid growth of theInternet and IP services, low-tariffVoIP is threatening traditional TDMbasedtelephony. Mobility and diverseservices in 2G and 3G mobile networksis also a big challenge to traditionalfixed-line services. Increasing demandfor high-speed broadband in recentyears has meant that TM has graduallybeen losing subscribers and not attractingnew subscribers. Fixed-line revenue isdeclining. Faced with this competitivepressure, TM has come to realize thatit must transform into a full-serviceoperator.TM has sought to build a qualityand low-cost network that offersexcellent service. A new-generationMetro-Ethernet network with openarchitecture and full-service bearercapability is their preferred choice. TMchose ZTE as its strategic cooperativepartner because ZTE has a deepunderstanding of IP networks, qualityproducts, and optimal solutions.MSAN: The Door to BroadbandConvergenceTM initiated a broadband/narrowband multiservice integratedaccess platform in 2005. ZTE tailoreda 250,000-line multiservice accessnetwork (MSAN) solution for TM,which paved the way for TM to builda converged broadband network.The MSAN solution has nonstandardinterfaces for connectingwith traditional switches and supportsthe development of high-bandwidthbroadband services. An embeddedMSAN integrated access platformallows for integrated scheduling andreliable transmission of narrowbandvoice and data services as well asbroadband services. Additionaltransmission equipment does not needto be configured. Network topologiessuch as star, ring, or tree are formedas required. This helps TM rapidly20ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

deploy an access network. Throughthe integrated access platform, TM cansmoothly deploy MSAN in NGN oreven IMS. This meets the requirementsfor smooth network evolution andprotects existing investments.The MSAN solution also provides aunified network management platformfor efficient management of allnetwork elements. The unified accessand management platform reducesoperating costs.Unified Full-Service BearerPlatformDriven by the rapid development ofbroadband services and the evolutionof wireless services, TM is acutelyaware that a unified bearer platformsupporting full-service operation is thebasis of its business growth. In 2008,after its MSAN had been in operationfor three years, TM proposed buildinga unified full-service bearer platform.TM needed a high-speed, low-cost andeasily maintainable all-IP network thatallowed for multiservice bearing andmultiservice access. The network hadto allow access to existing servicesand emerging services. To preparefor the evolution to LTE, the networkalso had to support 2G/3G/LTE RANhybrid bearer services.ZTE supplied TM with a completecarrier-class IPTN Ethernet solution.This adopts well-defined MANarchitecture consisting of MANconvergence layer and MAN accesslayer. At the MAN access layer,single ring, multi-ring, and starnetworking modes can be deployedaccording to topology requirements.The MAN access layer also adoptscarrier-class Ethernet ring protectionswitching (ESRP). ZTE’s innovativemultiservice bearer platform is used atthe MAN convergence layer—whichhas modular design and multicastreplication. Carrier-class IPTNEthernet is designed for a highperformanceand reliable network.This lays a solid foundation for TM toimplement full-service operation.Customized Auxiliary FacilitiesMalaysia has a tropical climate. Thetemperature is over 30˚C throughoutthe year, and the rainy season canlast as long as eight months. In theseweather conditions, telecom cabinetsneed to be waterproof, windproofand not easily corroded. They alsoneed to be well cooled. ZTE’scabinets are thoughtfully designedand equipped with heat exchangers toensure equipment operates normally.The cabinets protect against mould,moisture, salt fog, corrosive industrialgases, and solar radiation. They aresuitable for hot and humid climates aswell as more severe environments.Reliable power supply is thebasis for stable network operation.ZTE developed custom-made powerproducts for TM. The wiring for powersupply was modified to reduce thecarbon footprint of equipment and tomake equipment easy to maintain. Forcore equipment, backup power supplywas provided to improve systemreliability. The lightning protectionsystem was optimized to protectagainst severe local thunderstorms.Remote IP-based intelligent networkand battery management were alsoimplemented.ZTE’s tailor-made cabinets andpower supply products are designedfor the special weather conditions inMalaysia. They performed excellentlyduring five months of strict testing byTM.Continuous Profit GrowthThe transition to full-serviceoperation enables TM to grow againstthe backdrop of the global financialcrisis. TM continued to maintain itsleadership position in the broadbandsegment in Malaysia with 1.68 millioncustomers at the end of 2010, up17.4%.Through five years of closecooperation in the MSAN project,TM considered ZTE one of its mostimportant partners. ZTE’s quickresponse, on-time logistics anddelivery, fast network construction,and superior after-sales service arehighly recognized by TM.In September 2008, TM took on abigger role in broadband developmentwhen it signed a private publicpartnership with the governmentto launch a premier High SpeedBroadband (HSBB) service inMalaysia. At the end of 2010, ZTE—TM’s strategic cooperative partner—won more than 50 percent share of theHSBB MSAN and Metro-E project.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES21

Success StoriesBy Jin DayongBrazil is the largest economyand has the second largestmobile phone subscriberbase in Latin America. Previouslyowned by Portugal Telecom (PT) andTelefonica, Vivo is the largest mobileoperator in Brazil. It has more than60 million subscribers and about 30%market share in Brazil.With the rapid development of 3Gservices, Vivo has to pay increasinglylarge leasing fees for bearer networks,and their O&M costs are increasingevery year. Faced with this risingcost pressure, Vivo has determined tobuild a nationwide bearer network.The network will bear existing 2G/3Gservices and will support smoothupgrade to LTE with a low TCO.Vivo’s original mobile bearernetwork was based on TDMmicrowave, SDH MUX and leasedlines. This led to high OPEX. To gaina competitive advantage and movewith the development trend of all IP,Vivo needs to construct a cost-efficientbearer network that can rapidlydeliver new services, improve userexperience, cut down CAPEX andOPEX, and ensure long-term networkevolution. Strict requirements aretherefore put on multiservice bearingcapability, interoperability, reliability,optimized operation, and energyconservation in PTN equipment. Aftermany field tests, Vivo chose ZTE asits major PTN equipment supplier.ZTE’s full range of PTN productssatisfy Vivo’s requirements for layerednetwork construction. The small,highly-integrated ZXCTN 6000 seriesis used for the network access andaggregation layers. It employs fullpacket,centralized switching andmodular structure and allows forintegrated access to TDM/ATM/ETH/IP services. The ZXCTN 9000 seriesbased on advanced distributed modulararchitecture is used for the networkcore and aggregation layers. It supportsa large-capacity switching matrix.With automatic power control, smartfan speed control, and intelligentpower consumption, the PTN productsare also eco friendly. Their integrated,small-sized design cuts downequipment maintenance costs.Vivo conducted strict three-phasetests for PTN products that ran formore than a month. ZTE outperformedall competitors in the tests. Vivo wassatisfied with ZTE for its outstandingproduct performance, cost-effectivesolution and efficient teamwork.“We worked well with ZTEthroughout the project and arequite impressed with their technicalexpertise and quality products. Bothparties will have happy long-termcooperation,” said Javier Rodriguez,CTO of Vivo.22ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

Third EyeZTE ZXR10 T8000 Cluster RouterMarch 2011, selected from market research firm Current AnalysisCurrent PerspectiveZTE’s ZXR10 T8000 multichassiscore router is competitive in theIP core router market becauseit addresses the capacity and scalerequirements of the next wave of IPcore (bearer) networks. ZTE launchedits new T8000 at P&T/Wireless &Networks Comm China 2009 andsince then has announced deploymentsfor China Telecom, China Mobileand China Unicom as well as SmartTelecom, Atheeb, ECT, and VNPT.The T8000 is based on the vendor’s inhouse-designednetworking silicon,which allows service providers to buildvery large router configurations thatcan collapse multiple network layers.As service providers look to scale theirnetworks, cluster-router architecture hasbecome one of many tools that can beused to scale capacity and port densityand simplify network topology.The T8000 router is based on ZTE’sZXRIC silicon chipset, which deliversup to 3.84Tbps switching capacityper chassis and supports 40 GigEinterfaces. The three-chipset includesa scalable forwarding engine (ZXRICPFE) that supports 40G (100G future)wire-speed forwarding, a supportchip (ZXRIC SF600 and SA) thatsupports switching access to a threestage600Gbps switch fabric, and amultipolicy traffic management chip(ZXRIC TME) that provides finegrainedcontrol over network trafficwith five levels of QoS. T8000’smassive capacity comes from itsability to cluster multiple chassis intoa single logical router. Interconnectingmultiple racks allows for linearequipment capacity extension. Thesystem currently supports multipleclustering methods, for example, 1+4mode and 2+8 mode. Ultimately, theZXR10 T8000 will support a 16+64mode configuration, capable ofdelivering up to 200Tbps of switchingcapability and has up to 2048 40Ginterfaces or 1024 100G interfaces.Switch fabric options such as 1+1, 2+1and 3+1 are available to meet specificresiliency requirements. The T8000 isalso designed to comply with emergingnational and international initiatives ingreen telecom. To reduce overall powerconsumption, it uses an intelligent anddynamic power management schemefor power supplies, line cards, andother system components.ZTE entered the IP super corerouter market somewhat later than itscompetitors but has gained significanttraction with major service providers.The launch of T8000 has been wellreceived, especially by ZTE’s serviceprovider customers China Unicom andETC, and enables ZTE to competebetter with vendors such as Cisco andJuniper. They have all announced andbeen delivering multichassis solutionsfor some time.Buying/Selecting CriteriaManageabilityT8000 and other ZTE serviceprovider routers are managedthrough the Netnumen U31management system, whichAugust 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES23

Third EyeCurrent Analysis Buying Criteria RatingsRating54321Performance Port Density Service AssuranceManageability Phy Specs Routing FeatureAll materials Copyright 1997-2011 Current Analysis,lnc.Reproduction or distribution prohibited without expresswritten consent.Generated:3/2/2011handles the needs of the element,network and service layers. Thesystem can manage multiplenetwork layers, namely, the accesslayer, bearer layer, control layerand application layer. This meansthe solution can be deployedin different O&M scenarios.Netnumen provides full FCAPSfunctionality.The Netnumen U31 servicemanagement function includesa TE manager, QoS manager,multicast manager, and VPNmanager. The service managementfunctions help simplify servicedelivery by coordinating dataforwarding resources, handlingfaults, and providing a visualperspective of QoS.Netnumen U31 has the ability tooperate, maintain, and managemultiple NEs in a centralized way. Itsupports different types of OS and DBand includes topology managementto provide a functional diagram ofthe whole network, including allnodes and links. It also providesfault analysis—such as alarm delay,alarm count, alarm restraint, alarmmerger—and provides privilegedaccess control and log records.E x t e r n a l i n t e r f a c e s i n c l u d enorthbound interfaces such as TL1,Syslog, CORBA, SNMP, XML5=Outstanding4=Strong3=Competitive2=Concerns1=NoncompetitiveZTE ZXR10 T8000Cluster RouterPruduct ClassAverageand MML. Southbound interfacesinclude SNMP (V1, V2C, V3)—standards used in various productsand private MIB—TELNET, MMl,and TR069.Performance and ArchitectureT8000 currently provides 3.84Tbpsfull duplex switching capacityper chassis/rack, giving it strongperformance metrics on a chassisand rack basis. After the ZXRIC100G chipset is released, theswitching capacity per rack willdouble to 7.68Tbps. The system’s36-RU chassis footprint permitsonly one chassis per rack. Its currentpacket-forwarding performance is1600 million packets per second forthe 40G system.T8000 uses a distributed forwardingand a non-blocking cross barswitching fabric with three-planeseparation (forwarding, control, andmanagement) architecture. Separationof the forwarding plane from themanagement and control planes is akey architectural attribute necessaryfor next-generation service delivery.T8000 supports between 4 and 10million IP routes (RIB) based onconfiguration. These levels are morethan adequate for projected Internetgrowth in the foreseeable future.Scalability for all routers in this classranges from 1 to 6 million routes.T8000 supports multichassisconfigurations in order to achievemassive scale, and multiplecombinations of central fabricchassis (CFC) and line card chassis(LCC) can be configured. Forexample, a back to back mode isoffered, 1+2, 1+4, 2+2, 2+4, 2+8,4+16 and 16+64 mode. In termsof the existing design, the T8000supports at most a 16+64 modecluster configuration with a totalswitching capacity of 200Tbps.Physical Specifications andCertificationsT8000 is rack-mountable, usingstandard 19-inch telco cabinets.Operators can deploy a single chassisversion by using the LCC, whichincludes a main processing unit,switch fabric unit, packet forwardingand physical interface units. Serviceproviders can deploy one 36-RULCC per cabinet.T8000 can be expanded to includemultiple chassis for greater scale.Cluster configurations consistof a CFC and multiple LCCs,and this provides a maximumcapacity of 200Tbps. Clustermode configurations include nonredundantCFC configurations(1+2, 1+4) and redundant CFCconfigurations (2+2, 2+4, 2+8,4+16, 16+64) of CFC and LCCrespectively.T8000 employs an intelligent powersupply management system thatautomatically controls and optimizespower consumption of each moduleaccording to traffic conditions. Thefan speed is variable, and the fansystem intelligently initiates the linecard and goes into hibernation tofurther reduce power consumption.24ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

The T8000 draws approximately5100 watts of power and weighs210kg when fully configured. Itspower consumption is one of thelowest in this product class. Systempower can be provided by DC orAC power modules, rated at 8000Wand 2000W respectively for eitherchassis type (LCC, CFC). The -48VDC supplies are configured in 1+1redundancy mode, and the 220VAC is configured in 4+4 redundancymode.T8000 is designed to comply with keysafety and environmental standardssuch as CE, FCC, UL, RoHS andAnti-9 magnitude earthquake. Thesystem has not been NEBS certified,which is critical for deployment infacilities of most North Americanservice providers.Port Density and ScalabilityT8000 supports up to 768 GigE portsper chassis. GigE ports are standardfor such platforms, and ZTE’scurrent GigE port densities rangefrom ten to 48 ports per physicalinterface module. This supportscombinations of 10/100/1000Mbps.T8000 currently supports up to 6410 GigE ports per chassis using the40G packet forwarding unit (PFU).Up to 128 10 GigE ports will besupported with the future PFU-100. The system currently supportsmultiple versions of the physicalinterface comprising a one, two orfour-port 10GigE WAN Ethernetoptical; a one, two or four-port10GigE LAN Ethernet optical; anda one or two-port 10GigE LAN/WAN interface.T8000 currently supports up to 1640 GigE ports via a single portline card using the PFU-40 packetforwarding unit. Up to 32 40 GigEports will be supported with thefuture PFU-100.T8000 will support up to 16 100GigE ports via a single port linecard using the future PFU-100packet forwarding unit. The 100GZXRIC chipset needed for the PFU-100 is expected to be generallyavailable in 2012 following trialproduction in 2011.T8000 supports POS interfaces sothat carriers can deploy up to 16OC-768c/STM-256 or 64 OC-192c/STM-64 ports per chassis.POS support has also includes OC-48c/STM-16, OC-12/STM-4 andOC-3/STM-1. SONET interfacerequirements are still strong in theIP core and will be for the next twoto three years as ethernet interfacescontinue to gain dominance in themarket.Unlike the Juniper T-series and CiscoXR12000 series routers, T8000does not support ATM interfaces.ATM support is diminishing asa requirement in next-generationnetworks.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES25

Third EyeRouting and Service FeaturesT8000 provides Layer 2 supportsuch as MAC address management,VLAN, Q-in-Q, Super VLAN,Smartgroup and interface binding.Effective Layer 2 services enablethe service provider to transportnon-routed traffic through the corenetwork in a cost-effective way.T8000 provides Layer 3 supportincluding IPv4 unicast, IPv4multicast, IPv6 unicast, IPv6multicast, MPLS and TE. It alsosupports MPLS L2/L3 VPN, 6vPE,MPLS-TE, MPLS static tunnel, GRE,IPSec, and DS-TE. Layer 3 servicesupport enables the service providerto support routed traffic, such asvideo, which requires multicast/unicast and caching for quality ofexperience and transport efficiency.T8000 supports a full range ofIPv4 and IPv6 services, includinginterworking. As the industrytransitions from IPv4 because of theshortage of new addresses, IP corerouters will need to provide effectivemigration support for both forms ofIP traffic.T8000 provides a full complemento f q u a l i t y o f s e r v i c e ( Q o S )functions, such as classification,label, traffic policing, congestioncontrol, queue scheduling, shaping,QPPB and H-QoS.T8000 supports ongoing O&Mfunctions such as CLI, GUI(Netnumen U31), MPLS VPN NM,QoS NM and TE NM, EthernetOAM, MPLS OAM and an SLA tool.Service AssuranceT8000 has separate data, control/management, and monitoringplanes. The data plane supportswire-speed packet processingand non-blocking forwarding.The control and managementplanes, which can be redundantlyconfigured, manage systemconfiguration and processes forprotocol and signaling. Theyalso generate and maintainrouting tables and facilitateinformation interaction between allcomponents. A separate monitoringplane detects abnormalities withthe power, fan and temperature andraises alarms.T8000 uses a distributed and modularoperating system, ZXROS thatseparates software processes so thatinteractions that could negativelyimpact the normal running of thesystem are avoided. The T8000software consists of multiple logicalunits, such as MPLS, where eachlogical unit is supported by 1+1backup and can be run on differentMPUs. The distributed protocolimplementation framework enablesthe system to be scaled up to massivecapacity while retaining resiliencyand redundancy and maximizingavailable system resources.T8000 uses a system controller (SC)to manage and control the systemand provide multichassis resiliency.The SC is a logical component thatcan run on any main processing unit(MPU) of cluster system to achieve1+1 redundancy between differentchassis.T8000 supports in-servicecomponent upgrades (ISCU),which enables online upgradeswithout affecting service delivery.Each component has a backupprocess that can be upgradedindependent of the other. Thesystem also supports a hot patchprocess to immediately solveproblems as they occur.Resiliency features includenon-stop routing (NSR), nonstopforwarding (NSF), trafficengineered fast reroute (TE-FRR)and label distribution path FRR(LDP-FRR). The system alsosupports graceful restart (GR) andpseudowire redundancy. Giventhe requirements for “always on”services, system resiliency is a keyattribute of any core router.T8000 also provides clocksynchronization services in orderto support jitter and delay-sensitivetraffic that transits through the IPcore network. The system supportsIEEE 1588 with synchronousethernet interfaces, out-of-band1PPS+TOD interface (where 1588v2is not required), in-band ethernetinterfaces (where service and timeinformation are transmitted via oneinterface), and adoptive SSM orBMC protocols (to realize automaticprotection switching of time link toguarantee reliable transmission).26ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

News BriefZTE Awarded Optical Vendor of the Year andIPTV Vendor of the Year by Frost & Sullivan15 June 2011, Shenzhen — ZTEannounced that it has been awarded“IPTV Vendor of the Year” for the thirdconsecutive year by leading globalresearch firm Frost & Sullivan. Theaward was presented at the 2011 ITCAwards. ZTE was also named “OpticalVendor of the Year” in recognition ofthe company’s significant contributionto the field of optical transmission. ZTEhas a significant influence in the opticaltransmission and IPTV markets of Asia,South America and the Middle East.Jayesh Easwaramony, vice presidentof ICT practice at Frost & SullivanAsia Pacific commented that ZTE wasthe only vendor in the optical networkmarket to grow its revenue in APAC.Despite stiff competition, ZTE addedsignificant wins in tier 1 operators andalso diversified its business outsideChina. Its product enhancementsfor PTN and OTN, including selfcoolingand additional capacity, haveimproved operational efficiency andZTE’s value proposition to operators.In the IPTV market, ZTE ranks first inAsia in terms of the number of IPTV users,with a market share of 11%, and third in theglobal IPTV middleware market.ZTE Partners with Nucleus Connect to Build BSS/OSS System forSingapore’s Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network22 June 2011, Shenzhe — ZTEtoday announced that NucleusConnect, the operating companyof Singapore’s next generationnationwide broadband network,has partnered with ZTE to buildthe BSS/OSS platforms that willallow Nucleus Connect to supportend-to-end services such asbusiness operations, billing, faultmanagement, network management,and maintenance.ZTE’s highly flexible BSS/OSS solution allows customizedconfigurations that work well in anopen access environment. ZTE’sBSS/OSS will provide NucleusConnect with fast and reliableservice provision, multimode billing,and effective network operation. Italso performs maintenance throughflexible process management,overlapped resource modeling,powerful SOA structure, and easyto-scaleinterfacing models. ZTE’ssystem will support new servicesunder the company’s wholesalebandwidth business and helpNucleus Connect run its businessoperations efficiently.Axiata and ZTE Sign a Five-Year StrategicGlobal Framework Agreement atCommunicAsiabeneficial for both parties in realizingbusiness efficiencies and competitiveadvantages through cash flowimprovement and timely purchasing.23 June 2011, Singapore — ZTEtoday announced at CommunicAsia2011 that it has signed a five-yearstrategic global framework agreementwith Axiata Group Berhad, one ofAsia’s largest telecommunicationscompanies. The signing strengthens thepartnership between the two companies.The global framework agreementwill be a platform for the purchase oftelecom and other products as well asthe provision of services by ZTE toAxiata and its group of companies.This strategic effort will be mutuallyAugust 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES27

News BriefZTE Releases a Future-proofOptical Transport NetworkDevice for Metro Edge LayerZXMP M721 enables end-to-end optical metro transportnetwork27 June 2011, Shenzhen — ZTE today announced thatit has released a compact OTN metro edge layer device,ZXMP M721, which further improves ZTE’s ability todeliver future-proof end-to-end metro transport networks.Only 1U or 2U high, ZXMP M721 is a compactand intelligent OTN device that supports DC and ACpower supply. It includes a range of new technologiesto meet the changing requirements of metro edgelayer networking. Its powerful and flexible networktechnologies include fast E2E service provision, servicedispatching, OAM, and 1588 V2 time synchronization.These help ZTE achieve one of the telecom industry’smajor goals—unified, future-proof E2E OTN metrotransport networks.ZTE Ranked First in PTN MarketRevenue Share in 1Q11 byDell'Oro Group30 June 2011, Shenzhen — ZTE today announced that ithas the highest revenue share in the PTN market for 1Q11.According to a recent optical transport report publishedby Dell'Oro Group, ZTE has total market revenue of43.9%, making it first among all global PTN companies.This also represents a massive growth in revenue, up150% compared with 1Q10.ZTE’s revenue increase can be largely attributed tosales in Asia-Pacific, EMEA, and Latin America. Its PTNproducts have been put intolarge-scale commercialuse by the three operatorsin China and many tierone telecom operators inEurope and Latin America.ZTE India Successfully Deploysa New VAS Platform forVodafone EssarTo offer anytime, anywhere news update service to Vodafonecustomers28 June 2011, Shenzhen— ZTE today announcedthat it has successfully builtand deployed an advancedVAS platform for VodafoneEssar in India. With thecompletion of the platform,Vodafone customers cannow access Vodafone Newswrap—a mobile newspaperservice. The introduction of Newswrap will play a key rolein enhancing VAS revenue for Vodafone Essar in today’shighly competitive market.As part of the project, ZTE India has created MNS andMMSC platforms using a revenue-sharing model for thefirst time. This adds a new dimension to ZTE’s businessin India as it expands its focus from being an equipmentprovider to providing end-to-end VAS solutions.ZTE AC30 Mobile HotspotLaunches with Alltel Wireless30 June 2011, Richardson TX — ZTE todayannounced the launch of Alltel AC30 MobileHotspot for Alltel Wireless. The device enablesmobile customers to access the Internet via a secure3G network connection.The Alltel AC30 by ZTE is an ideal solution forcustomers who work remotely or use their mobiles forpleasure as the portable plug-and-play device easilyconnects to Alltel’s network. Users looking to increaseproductivity or provide Internet access to others willbenefit from the hotspot’s ability to simultaneouslyconnect up to five Wi-Fi enabled devices, includingtablets, netbooks and gaming devices.28ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011

ZTE Unveils World’sFirst CommercialLTE Micro BaseStationZTE's new LTE BS8920 micro basestation is a technological revolutionin hotspot coverage and productfootprint4 July 2011, Shenzhen —Z T E h a s l a u n c h e d Z X S D RBS8920, the world’s smallestcommercially available LTE basestation. At 150Mbps, BS8920 alsohas the largest capacity of anyLTE micro base station. It has 2×10W transmit power and 2T4Rmodulation for a large footprintand offers significantly lower TCObecause of its reduced hardware,reduced power consumption andlower deployment costs.ZXSDR BS8920 is targetedat the rapidly growing marketfor urban and indoor hotspotcoverage and costs up to 50% lessthan a distributed base station.The BS8920 has key featuresthat reduce power consumptionto as low as 100W on average. Italso has up to 30 percent lowerdeployment costs compared withother distributed base stations.BS8920 is less than half the sizeand weight of a standard RRU andmeets the industry requirements foran Omni sector eNodeB product.It also supports all-standard LTEfrequency band spectrums and AC/DC power supply.ZTE Secures a $900 Million SyndicatedLoan, Supporting Strategic Expansion inOverseas Markets8 July 2011, Shenzhen — ZTEtoday announced it has entered into anagreement for a $900 million three tofive year syndicated-term loan with 10leading international banks through itswholly owned subsidiary ZTE (H.K.)LTD.The loan will be guaranteed byZTE and will be used for the generalworking capital requirements of ZTE(H.K.) LTD. Raising the debt in USdollars is an effective way for ZTEto hedge against the appreciationof the RMB. ZTE’s financing offerhas significant support from 10international banks and is more thantwo times over-subscribed from the13 July 2011, Shenzhen ― ZTEannounced that it achieved a signaltransmission rate of 24Tb/s (24×1.3Tb/s)using its WDM technology. Thistransmission rate sets a new worldrecord in optical networking, and theresults were written up and presentedas a post deadline paper at the Opto-Electronics and CommunicationsConference (OECC) 2011 inKaohsiung, Taiwan.The result comes on the back of anearlier world record set by ZTE wheresingle-channel 10Tb/s optical OFDMsignals were transmitted at the Opticalinitial target. This level of supportclearly demonstrates ZTE’s strengthand good prospects.Mr. Wei Zaisheng (L), executive vice presidentof ZTE and Mr. Lin Guangming (R), generalmanager of Bank of China (H.K.) LTD at thesigning ceremonyZTE Sets World Record with First WDMTbitULH Transmission in Beyond-100G FieldFiber Communication Conference(OFC) in March 2011. This makesZTE the leader in both the 100G andbeyond-100G optical networks.1Tb/s transmission bit rate perchannel is likely to become the industrystandard after 100Gb/s. It has 10times more capacity in terms of signalbandwidth. Previously, 1Tb/s singlechanneltransmission rate had onlybeen talked about in theory. ZTE hasalso accomplished 24Tb/s WDM signaltransmission, which is the first timein the industry WDM technology hasachieved a terabit per second rate.August 2011ZTE TECHNOLOGIES29

30ZTE TECHNOLOGIES August 2011