The Ohio Journal of - The Ohio Academy of Science

A-30 The Ohio Journal of Science
Vol. 112(1)
0.0085, R 2 =0.9932) with a detection limit of 10 µg/mL.
A solid phase extraction (C-18) procedure has been in
development where elution of NOCBL from plasma
samples occurs. The resulting compound is in a solubilized
form that can be directly injected into the HPLC. Current
work is focused on optimizing the solid phase extraction
system to increase percent recovery and to determine a
suitable internal standard for extraction and quantitation.
Poster Board No. 051 HUMAN FORESKIN FIBROBLASTS
AND THEIR CELLULAR RESPONSE TO HEAVY METALS SUCH
AS THALLIUM AND BARIUM David S. Liu davidliu@walsh.
edu, Joseph A. Lupica, jlupica@walsh.edu, Joseph A. Bauer
jbauer@noat.com, Amy J. Heston aheston@walsh.edu, Walsh
University, 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton, OH 44720
Heavy metals such as barium and thallium are toxic.
The effects of heavy metal compounds on normal Human
Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF) have been investigated.
Potassium and sodium ions enter the cell via a specialized
transmembrane receptor. Heavy metal ions with similar
atomic radii to K + are predicted to enter the cell through
the same Na + /K + pump. The heavy metals ions, thallium
(Tl + ) and barium (Ba 2+ ), have approximately the same ionic
radii as K + . It is hypothesized that these ions may also enter
the cell through this pump. Once inside the HFF cell, Tl +
binds to riboflavin, potentially interfering with oxidative
phosphorylation. The disruption of oxidative phosphorylation
is predicted to result in mitochondrial membrane dysfunction,
the release of Cytochrome C, and the activation of the
intrinsic apoptotic pathway. HFF cells were treated with
various concentrations of the aqueous heavy metal salts,
Thallium acetate (TlCH 3 COO) and Thallium nitrate (TlNO 3 ),
at concentrations from 1- 100 µM. A Sulforhodomine B (SRB)
assay monitored overall cytotoxicity. The results indicated
that cell death generally occurs at concentrations of 100
µM for both TlCH 3 COO and TlNO 3 . Studies with Ba(NO 3 ) 2
exhibited similar cellular growth inhibition. However, little
or no antiproliferative effects were observed at 1 µM of
either heavy metal, suggesting HFF cells are able to tolerate
minimal concentrations of thallium and barium.
Poster Board No. 052 ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF
THALLIUM COMPOUNDS ON MCF-7 CELLS Lucille E. zappitelli,
lucillezappitelli@walsh.edu, Joseph A. Lupica, jlupica@walsh.
edu, Joseph A. Bauer, jbauer@bnoat.com, Amy J. Heston,
aheston@walsh.edu, Walsh University, 2020 East Maple
Street, North Canton, OH 44720
Thallium, a heavy metal, has been found to be a toxin in
both chemical and forensic sciences. This work investigated
the effects of thallium salts on the human adenocarcinoma
cell line MCF-7. MCF-7 cells are the most widely studied
estrogen dependent cell line in breast cancer research.
Thallium and potassium possess very similar atomic
radii, resulting in the ability of Tl + to easily enter the cell
via the Na + /K + pump. Once inside the cell, Tl + binds to
riboflavin and could potentially interfere with oxidative
phosphorylation, causing disruption of the mitochondrial
membrane potential. This disruption is predicted to result
in mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and the release of
Cytochrome C, an early initiating step of the intrinsic apoptotic
pathway. Apoptosis is otherwise known as programmed
cell death. In separate experiments, MCF-7 cells were
treated with concentrations of 1-100 µM of Thallium acetate
(TlCH 3 COO) and Thallium nitrate (TlNO 3 ). Cytotoxicity was
monitored utilizing a Sulforhodomine B (SRB) assay. The
assay demonstrated cell death began to occur at 2 µM and 75
µM of TlCH 3 COO and TlNO 3 respectively. Growth inhibition
was observed in TlCH 3 COO at 1 µM, however, further testing
using 0.05 µM-1.0 µM TlCH 3 COO indicated no cell death
occurred. This demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of
thallium, on MCF-7 cells, in vitro.
Poster Board No. 053 CELLULAR APOPTOSIS OF MALIGNANT
MELANOMA CELLS UTILIzING THALLIUM ACETATE AND
THALLIUM NITRATE Christine N. Stenger christinestenger@
walsh.edu, Amy J. Heston aheston@walsh.edu, Joseph A.
Bauer jbauer@bnoat.com, Joseph A. Lupica, jlupica@walsh.
edu Walsh University, 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton,
OH 44720
Compounds containing heavy metals, such as thallium,
are toxic to living systems. This project investigates the
effects of thallium compounds on the malignant melanoma
cell line, A375. Heavy metal ions of similar atomic radii
to K + , such as Tl + , may enter the cell through the Na + /K +
pump. When thallium enters the cell, it binds to riboflavin,
adversely affecting the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
The subsequent disruption of this pathway may result in
cell death due to mitochondrial dysfunction, release of
Cytochrome C, and initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic
pathway. The A375 cells were treated with various concentrations
of aqueous thallium salts, thallium acetate (TlCH 3 COO) and
thallium nitrate (TlNO 3 ). The cells were treated with measured
concentrations of the salts that varied from 1-100 µM. Cytotoxicity
was monitored utilizing the Sulforhodomine B (SRB) assay.
Growth inhibition was not observed at 1 µM and, therefore,
studies using lesser concentrations were not warranted. Antiproliferative
effects of these thallium compounds were evidenced
through this assay and indicated cell death at concentrations of
75 µM TlNO 3 and 100 µM TlCH 3 COO. The SRB assay indicates
that the A375 cell line is able to tolerate thallium toxicity at 1 µM
TlNO 3 for 118 hours and 5 µM TlCH 3 COO for 114 hours.
Poster Board No. 054 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIzATION
OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS FROM AROMATIC
CARBOXYLATES Paul Szalay a , Seth Barrett a , Matthias zeller b
a Department of Chemistry, Muskingum University, New
Concord, OH 43762 pszalay@muskingum.edu b Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University.
The synthesis of novel metal-organic frameworks
(MOF’s) was investigated via simple room temperature
solution methods, solvothermal approaches, and
microwave techniques. Reaction products consisted of
1,1’-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, 2-fluoroterephthalic acid,
and terephthalic acid linkers with zinc, cobalt, copper,
chromium, silver, and aluminum metal ions. Products
were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR),
powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and single crystal X-ray
diffraction. The 1,1’-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid reaction
products exhibited two colors, red-brown and yellow-gold,
based upon reaction conditions. IR and PXRD confirmed
that the products were not isostructural. Single crystals for
the mixed linker reaction containing 2-fluoroterephthalic
acid and terephthalic acid with Zn(II) exhibited the
monoclinic C2 space group. In solution prior to reaction,
the 2-fluoroterephthalic acid linker encompassed 38%
of the linkers in the reaction. After the reaction, the
2-fluoroterephthalic acid linker encompassed 41% of the
linkers in the crystalline product. Single crystals for the
2-fluoroterephthalic acid reaction with Zn(II) were also
found to be monoclinic with a C2 space group. The unit
cell data for both crystals was similar, with cell dimensions
of 10.884(4), 16.423(6), 7.468(3), and 10.859(4), 16.133(5),
7.612(3) Å respectively. Cell volumes were found to be
1215.5 and 1223.78 Å 3 respectively.
Poster Board No. 055 LIMNOLOGY OF CRYSTAL LAKE
AND BOATING LAKE AT THE MUSKINGUM VALLEY SCOUT
RESERVATION LOCATED ON RECLAIMED MINING LAND IN
COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO. zachery T. Beres, zacheryberes@
walsh.edu, (Curtis C. Clevinger, cclevinger@walsh.edu
and Jennifer A. Clevinger, jclevinger@walsh.edu), Walsh
University, 2020 East Maple St. NE, North Canton OH 44720.
Improved understanding of aquatic ecosystem dynamics
can lead to improved management techniques. Boating
Lake and Crystal Lake, on the Muskingum Valley
Scout Reservation in Coshocton County, Ohio, are both
manmade lakes built upon reclaimed strip mining land.
Boating Lake was formed through the damming of a
natural stream while Crystal Lake formed in a pit from the
land’s previous mining use. The lack of Scout Reservation