The Ohio Journal of - The Ohio Academy of Science

Vol. 112(1)
baseline data on these lakes provides the opportunity to be
the first to analyze what is occurring in the water columns.
Aquatic tests and measurements over a seven week
period from June to July 2011 including dissolved oxygen
levels, Secchi depth, temperature, pH, and chlorophyll
concentration were performed three times a week while
biological oxygen demand, limiting nutrients, and nutrient
levels, such as nitrate, SRP, ammonia, DOC, and DN, were
performed once every week. Initial observations from data
collected indicate Boating Lake is a eutrophic lake while
Crystal Lake is an oligotrophic lake. Boating Lake was
slightly basic (≈8.5 on average) and exhibited stratification
resulting in a thermocline and supports a wide variety of
aquatic life based on daily fishing observations. Crystal
Lake exhibited low pH (≈3.0 on average), low nutrient
content, and supports very little aquatic life based on
limited observations of wildlife interactions with the
water. Once data analysis is completed, this information
will be used by the Scout Reservation to develop a better
plan to maintain its aquatic ecosystems and will serve as
the foundation for future research on these lakes.
Poster Board No. 056 EVALUATION OF BIOSAND FILTER
MODIFIED WITH zERO VALENT IRON DISINFECTION LAYER
FOR HOUSEHOLD TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER. Ajmeeta
Sangtani, axs882@case.edu, Emma Cotter, emma.cotter@
case.edu, (Banu Sizirici Yildiz, bsy3@case.edu), Case Western
Reserve University, Civil Engineering Department, Bingham
Building #216, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland OH 44106-
7201.
Current estimates indicate that nearly one billion people
worldwide lack access to safe drinking water. Point-ofuse
(POU) drinking water treatment technology enables
those people who have not access to safe drinking water
to treat their water at home and to improve the water
quality. Among the different POU technologies, biosand
filters (BSF) has been used widely in developing countries
as an efficient, inexpensive, and appropriate technology for
removing microbial hazards in drinking water. Metallic
oxides are good sorbents of microorganisms and turbidity.
For the past decades zero valent iron (ZVI) has been used for
groundwater remediation. ZVI/ metallic iron is universally
available. The objective of this project is to evaluate the
pathogen reduction potential of modified BSF with (ZVI)
disinfectant layer, to determine whether additional
disinfection is enabled with ZVI. The conventional BSF
(control) was designed with layers of stone, pea gravel,
coarse sand and fine sand. The modified BSF was designed
in the same manner with ZVI disinfection layer between
fine sands. The filters were run intermittently twice a
day with 4 liters of water collected from the Doan Brook
in Cleveland, OH. Filters were run for 78 days. Water
samples were collected from each filter and tested for
flow rate, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total and fecal
coliform test. Test results showed that 90.4 % reduction in
total coliform, 92 % reduction in fecal coliform and 88.5%
reduction in turbidity for conventional BSF and the 96.6
% reduction in total coliform, 99.9% reduction in fecal
coliform, and 91.3 % reduction in turbidity for modified
BSF. Compared to the BSF, the MBSF with ZVI performed
better by reducing more turbidity, fecal chloroform and
total coliform counts. This study demonstrated ZVI’s
effectiveness in BSF providing potable drinking water. The
results are encouraging and supporting the use of a MBSF
over a BSF.
Poster Board No. 057 TWO NEW INVASIVE, EXOTIC INSECTS
IDENTIFIED IN OHIO IN 2011. Curtis E. Young, young.2@cfaes.
osu.edu, Amy K. Stone, stone.91@cfaes.osu.edu, Joseph
Boggs, boggs.47@osu.edu, Cynthia M. Meyer, meyer.842@
cfaes.osu.edu, and Kathy Smith, smith.81@osu.edu, Ohio
State University Extension, Van Wert County, 1055 South
Washington Street, Van Wert OH 45891.
Two very dissimilar, invasive, exotic insects were
discovered in Ohio in 2011. An actively growing infestation
of Anoplophora glabripennis, Asian longhorned beetle
The Ohio Journal of Science A-31
(ALB), a hardwood tree threat, was identified in June
2011 near Bethel, Ohio. In September 2011, an infestation
of Drosophila suzukii, spotted wing drosophila (SWD), a
soft-skinned fruit pest, was uncovered near Ohio City,
Ohio. These dissimilar types of insects, a beetle and fly,
share four important similarities: 1) an Asian origin; 2)
an unknown route to their end-point infestations in Ohio;
3) their presence in Ohio was brought to the attention
of authorities by observant members of the public; and
4) both are major threats to Ohio’s economy and ecology
through destruction of host crops. Eradication efforts are
being employed to stop the spread of ALB. More than
4,900 infested trees are being destroyed during the winter
and spring of 2011-2012 to remove the ALB population.
Until full eradication occurs, survey, regulatory activities
and public outreach will continue. Management of SWD
involves monitoring with traps and applying insecticide
treatments to susceptible fruit crops when justified. Ohio
State University Extension is leading the educational
outreach effort to inform Ohioans of these threats to Ohio’s
natural resources and economy.
Poster Board No. 058 A COMPARISON OF RED-BACKED
SALAMANDERS (PLETHODON CINEREUS) IN FOUR
POPULATIONS ACROSS OHIO: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN THE
LEAD-BACKED AND RED-BACKED PHASES? Eden A. Dulka,
dulkae@findlay. edu, and Jessica A. Wooten, Ph. D. wooten@
findlay. edu, The University of Findlay Department of Natural
Sciences, 1000 N. Main St., Findlay Ohio 45840.
Plethodon cinereus (Red-backed Salamander) is a small
woodland plethodontid salamander that is widely
distributed throughout the northeastern United States
and southeastern Canada. In Ohio, P. cinereus is known
from 79 counties; the exceptions include the counties in
eastern Ohio and the clay-rich plains. Two color morphs
have been described, including a striped (red-backed) and
a dark (i. e. , lead-backed); both of these were originally
described as distinct species, but were later collapsed into
the modern P.cinereus. The red-backed morph possesses
a straight-edged reddish stripe, from the base of the head
to the tail; whereas, the lead-backed morph is uniformly
black with brassy flecks. It has been suggested that more
than one pair of genes controls the epistatic color variation;
however, little information is known about the behavior of
the genes involved in this phenomenon. The main goals of
this research are to: 1) find populations and collect tail-tips
from lead- and red-backed morphs throughout northern
Ohio where there is a documented high-prevalence of
lead-backed morphs; 2) use population genetic techniques
using quickly evolving genes to investigate any differences
between individuals in the red- and lead-backed phases in
four populations in northern Ohio; and 3) target the genes
implicated in the lead-backed morph and compare findings
between red-backed and lead-backed morphs for a total
sample size of 43. Thus far, samples from four populations
in northeast and northwest Ohio that contain both morphs
have been collected. Currently, laboratory techniques
and primers that will allow us to address the remaining
objectives of this research are being developed.
Poster Board 059 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BLACK-
MOUNTAIN DUSKY SALAMANDER, DESMOGNATHUS WELTERI
(CAUDATA: PLETHPDONTIDAE) WITH A COMPARISON
WITH THE BLACK-BELLID SALAMANDER, DESMOGNATHUS
QUADRAMACULATUS Caitlin Amiot (amiotc@findlay.edu),
Alicia Oberhaus (oberhausa@findlay.edu), Jessica A. Wooten,
Ph.D. (wooten@findlay.edu), Carlos D. Camp, Ph.D. (ccamp@
piedmont.edu; Piedmont College Demorest, GA), and zachary
I. Felix, Ph.D. (zif@reinhardt.edu; Reinhardt University
Waleska, GA) The University of Findlay Department of Natural
Sciences 1000 N. Main St. Findlay, OH 45840.
Phylogeography, morphology, and ecological niche
modeling were combined to examine unique cryptic lineages
and investigate factors that may limit the geographic
distribution of the Black Mountain dusky salamander,
Desmognathus welteri through out the known geographic